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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0011.v1

A Review on the Pathophysiology and Management of Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome

Masum Rahman, Sajedur Rahman, Abu Bakar Siddik, Lucas Carlstrom, Juna Musa, Radzi Hamjah, Salman Salehin, Mohmmad Alvi, Mohammad Hossain, Desmond Brown

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Anterior spinal artery syndrome; Spinal cord Infarction; Aortic insufficiency; Aortic surgery; Spinal shock; Quadriplegia; Bowel-bladder incontinence

Online: 1 October 2020 (09:15:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0630.v1

Analysis of Tug of War Competition. A Narrative Complete Review

Ruth Cayero, Valentín Rocandio, Julio Calleja-González, Inmaculada Martínez de Aldama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Tug of war; anthropometrics; physical capacities; physiology; injuries; kinetics

Online: 1 February 2021 (10:28:03 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Anatomical Basis and Physiological and Biochemical Changes of Knee Joint Meniscus Injury

cailian ruan, YaHe Yang, YanXi Li, JiaQi Gao, YiWei Wang, XueFeng Liang, Lijun Wang, Yong Yu, HaiXia Lv, Xiaoji Li

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Meniscal injury; anatomical basis; physiological changes; biochemical changes

Online: 29 March 2021 (13:10:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0414.v1

Information Entropy of DNA Sequences for Survival Analysis

Alexander Martynenko, Xavier Pastor, Santiago Frid, Jessyca Gil, Xavier Borrat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: information entropy; DNA sequences; patients surviving; leukemia

Online: 23 March 2023 (13:23:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0132.v1

Evidence for Novel Reticular Corpuscle-Connected Filiform Structures Entangled on the Fascia of the Internal Organs of Rats: The Implication for Cell Death

Byung-Cheon Lee, Jeong Yim Lee, Ki-Seok Lee, Inhyung Lee, Hoon Gi Kim, Ki-Bog Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Fascia; Cell death; Repeatability; Immunohistochemistry; Bonghan duct and corpuscle; Janus Green B

Online: 10 April 2023 (02:59:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1435.v1

Perturbations of Gut Microbiota Compositions in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review and Meta-analysis

Tianxu Zhang, Yuan Zhou, Xuechao Zhang, Juan Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; microbiota; meta-analysis

Online: 19 May 2023 (10:54:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2177.v1

Strength Training Versus Core Exercises for the Optimization of Road Cycling Performance

Sebastian Sitko, Isaac López-Laval, Rafel Cirer-Sastre

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: power output; bike; endurance.

Online: 28 December 2023 (10:28:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0606.v1

Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Fatty Liver a Narrative Review

Helmut K. Seitz, Bernardo Moreira, Manuela G. Neuman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: alcoholic fatty liver; adenosine monophosphate activated kinase; sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , oxidative stress; cytochrome P450 2E1

Online: 9 May 2023 (08:38:13 CEST)

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Alcohol effects on hepatic lipid metabolism through various mechanisms, leading synergistically to an accumulation of fatty acids (FA) and triglycerides. Obesity, as well as, the dietary fat [saturated fatty acids (FA) versus poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)] may modulate the hepatic fat. Alcohol inhibits adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK). AMPK activates peroxisome proliferators activated receptor a (PPARα) and leads to a decreased activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SRABP1c). The inhibition of AMPK, and thus of PPARα results in an inhibition of FAs oxidation. This ß-oxidation is further reduced due to mitochondrial damage induced through cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) driven oxidative stress. Furthermore, the synthesis of FAs is stimulated through an activation of SHREP1. In addition, alcohol consumption leads to a reduced production of adiponectin in adipocytes due to oxidative stress and to an increased mobilization of FAs from adipose tissue and from the gut as chylomicrons. On the other side, the secretion of FAs via very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the liver is inhibited by alcohol. Alcohol also affects signal pathways such as early growth response 1 (Egr-1) associated with the expression of tumour necrosis factor  (TNF), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) a key regulator of autophagy. Both have influence the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver. Alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis is contributing to the severity of ALD by increasing metabolism of ethanol in the gut and promoting intestinal dysfunction. Moreover, pathogen associated molecular paterns (PAMPS) via specific Toll-like receptors (TLR) bacterial overgrowth is leading to the translocation of bacteria. Endotoxins, and toxic ethanol metabolites enter the enterohepatic circulation reaching the liver, inducing the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NFB) pathway. Pro-inflammatory cytokines released in the process contribute to inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, cellular apoptosis is inhibited in the favor of necrosis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0469.v1

A New Perspective on The Cavernous Sinus as Seen Through Multiple Surgical Corridors. Anatomical Study Comparing the Transorbital, Endonasal and Transcranial Routes and The Relative Coterminous Spatial Regions.

Sergio Corvino, Pedro Leonardo Villanueva-Solórzano, Martina Offi, Daniele Armocida, Motonobu Nonaka, Giorgio Iaconetta, Felice Esposito, Luigi Maria Cavallo, Matteo De Notaris

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cavernous sinus triangles; endoscopic transorbital; extended endoscopic endonasal; fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic; middle fossa.

Online: 7 July 2023 (07:30:31 CEST)

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Background: The cavernous sinus (CS) is a highly vulnerable anatomical space, mainly for the neurovascular structures which it contains, therefore a detailed knowledge of its anatomy is mandatory for the surgical unlocking. To compare the anatomy of this region from different endoscopic and microsurgical operative corridors, also focusing on the corresponding anatomic landmarks met along these routes. Furthermore, we tried to define the safe entry zones to this venous space from these three different operative corridors and provide indications regarding the optimal approach according to the lesion location. Methods: Five embalmed and injected adult cadaveric specimens (10 sides) separately underwent dissection and exposure of the CS via superior eyelid endoscopic transorbital (SETOA), extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal-transethmoidal (EEEA) and microsurgical transcranial fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic (FTOZ) approaches. The anatomical landmarks and the content of this venous space have been described and compared from these surgical perspectives. Results: The SETOA allowed the exposure of the entire lateral wall of the CS without entering its neurovascular structures and part of the posterior wall; furthermore, thanks to its anteroposterior trajectory, it allowed to disclose in a minimally invasive fashion, also the posterior ascending segment of the cavernous ICA with the related sympathetic plexus through the Mullan’s triangle. Through the anterolateral triangle, the transorbital corridor allowed to expose the lateral 180 degrees of vidian nerve and artery in the homonymous canal, the anterolateral aspect of the lacerum segment of the ICA, at its the transition zone from the petrous horizontal to the ascending posterior cavernous segment, surrounded by the carotid sympathetic plexus, and the medial Meckel’s cave. Conclusion: Different regions of the cavernous sinus are better exposed by different surgical corridors. The relationship of tumor and cranial nerves in the lateral wall guides the selection of the approach to cavernous sinus lesions. The transorbital endoscopic approach can be considered a safe and minimally invasive complementary surgical corridor to the well-established transcranial and endoscopic endonasal routes in the exposure of the cavernous sinus. Nevertheless, peer knowledge of the anatomy and a surgical learning curve are required.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0684.v1

The Isokinetic Method in Female Uninjured Female Soccer Players: A Survey of Applications and Common Mismatches

Antonio Cicchella, Cheng Zhang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Female soccer; isokinetics; hamstring/quadriceps ratio; dominant non dominant limb ratio; errors in isokinetic dynamometry

Online: 9 June 2023 (08:17:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0853.v1

Osteology of the Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas)

Christophe Casteleyn, Estée Wydooghe, Jaco Bakker

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: anatomy; baboon; bones; non-human primate; osteology; skeleton

Online: 13 September 2023 (10:17:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1000.v1

Superior Gluteal Nerve Anatomy and Its Injuries: Aiming for a More Secure Surgical Approach of the Pelvic Region

André R. Pinho, Maria J. Leite, João Lixa, Miguel R. Silva, Paula Vieira, João Nery-Monterroso, Mariana C. Bezerra, Hélio Alves, M. Dulce Madeira, Pedro A. Pereira

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: superior gluteal nerve; greater sciatic notch; bony landmarks; cadaver study; dissection; surgical anatomy

Online: 14 June 2023 (07:22:01 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1421.v1

Proteinuria and significant dehydration in a short-steep triathlon: Preliminary report

Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Cindy Castro, Diego A. Bonilla, Luis A. Cardozo, Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Physical endurance; renal function; exercise-induce dehydration, athlete health, urinary biomarkers, physiological stress.

Online: 21 September 2023 (08:49:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1425.v1

Historical Perspectives in the Pedagogy of Anatomy Instruction in Medical and Graduate Education: From Salerno to Montserrat

Orien Tulp, Frantz Sainvil, Rolando Branly, Hailin Wu, George Einstein

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Anatomy; cadaveric dissection; prosection; virtual dissection; clinical integration; COVID-19 pandemic; fiberoptic examination; surface anatomy.

Online: 19 December 2023 (14:01:21 CET)

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Because the including of human anatomy forms the foundation for clinical medicine, it has contributed a pivotal role in medical education for many centuries. Thus with advancements in the science of modern, current day medicine, its continued place in the medical school curriculum deserves careful attention. In an attempt to provide guidance to decision-makers involved in clinical anatomy curriculum development at the medical school level, the Educational Affairs Committee of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists (AACA) developed this document, which defines the contours of a gross anatomy curriculum leading to the M.D. or D.O. degree. The main body of the document sets forth the anatomical concepts as well as the subject matter a student should master prior to graduation from medical school. Gross anatomy dissection is still a crucial topic in graduate and medical school. The nature and content of gross anatomy, which was historically regarded as a core course in the first year of medical education in MBBS, MD, DO, and some PhD and Graduate curricula as well as in other disciplines of selective graduate education and non-allopathic medical programs, have been significantly impacted by emerging challenges in the pedagogy of delivering medical education in the past ten years. A seemingly ever-increasing emphasis on additional modules in molecular biology, emerging pharmacotherapeutics and pathophysiology content have resulted in a condensation and apparent erosion of previously allotted classroom and laboratory hours in the gross anatomy curriculum. In addition, an imposition of financial constraints and a decreasing availability of sufficient cadaver donations to support gross anatomy dissection labs has also occurred in some locations. An innovative clinically focused cadaveric anatomy program is described which has improved the delivery and content retention of medical and graduate students and has become one of the most sought-after modules in the revised clinically oriented curriculum and has been deemed highly relevant to current medical education and graduate studies.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0237.v1

Diabetes-Associated Changes in Skeletal Muscle Function and Their Possible Links with Prediabetes: A Literature Review

Mandlakazi Dlamini, Andile Khathi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Prediabetes; skeletal muscle; satellite cells; myogenic regulatory factors, insulin resistance; muscle fibers; inflammation; oxidative stress

Online: 3 November 2023 (10:25:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0738.v1

What was the change in undergraduate anatomy teaching strategies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic Review

José Carlos Castro Aviléz, Luis Erik Salazar Medrano, Brisa Magdalena Calvillo Ruiz, José Andrés Flores García

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Anatomy, Education Medical, Teaching, teaching and learning management

Online: 9 August 2023 (09:46:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0218.v1

Enhancing Anatomy Education Through Flipped Classroom and Adaptive Learning. A Pilot Project on Liver Anatomy

Maurizio Vertemati, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Marisa Porrini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: anatomy education, adaptive learning, artificial intelligence, liver anatomy

Online: 3 January 2024 (09:56:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1560.v1

Downregulation of TASK-3 Channel Induces Senescence of Granulosa Cells in the Bovine Follicular Cystic Ovary

Chang-Woon Kim, Eun-Jin Kim, Min Seok Woo, Dang Long Cao, Asifiwe Clarisse Cirunduzi, Ji Hyeon Ryu, Il-Keun Kong, Dong Kun Lee, Seong-Geun Hong, Jaehee Han, Dawon Kang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: granulosa cell; ovarian cyst; potassium ion; TASK-3 channel

Online: 22 January 2024 (05:53:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1803.v1

Pregestational Prediabetes Induces Maternal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysregulation and Results in Adverse Fetal Outcomes: Influences on HPA Axis and Development

Mathuli Ngema, Nombuso D Xulu, Andile Khathi, Phikelelani S Ngubane

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Maternal HPA axis; fetal HPA axis; pregestational prediabetes; pups

Online: 29 March 2024 (10:25:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1130.v1

MRI-Based Evaluation of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Anatomy: Investigating the Prevalence and Morphometry of the “Chiasma Antebrachii”

Clara Dorothea Elsner, Andreas Steven Kunz, Nicole Wagner, Henner Huflage, Stefan Hübner, Karsten Sebastian Luetkens, Thorsten Alexander Bley, Rainer Schmitt, Süleyman Ergün, Jan-Peter Grunz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Flexor digitorum superficialis; Flexor tendon; Anatomy; Magnetic resonance imaging

Online: 15 June 2023 (11:25:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0216.v1

Impact of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) Postprocessing Protocols in Detection of Monosodium Urate (MSU) Deposits in Foot Tendons of Cadavers

Andrea Sabine Klauser, Sylvia Strobl, Christoph Schwabl, Christian Kremser, Werner Klotz, Violeta Vasilevska Nikodinovska, Hannes Stofferin, Yannick Scharll, Ethan Halpern

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Dual-energy computed tomography; gout; tendon; foot; monosodium urate deposits

Online: 2 June 2023 (14:58:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0738.v2

What was the change in undergraduate anatomy teaching strategies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic Review

José Carlos Castro Aviléz, Luis Erik Salazar Medrano, Brisa Magdalena Calvillo Ruiz, José Andrés Flores García, Jimena Quintos Sánchez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Anatomy, Education Medical, Teaching, teaching and learning management

Online: 20 November 2023 (16:12:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0449.v1

Precision, Inter-rater Reliability, and Accuracy of a Hand-Held Scanner Equipped with a LiDAR Sensor in Measuring Parts of the Body. A Preliminary Validation Study

Enrica Callegari, Jacopo Agnolucci, Francesco Angiola, Paolo Fais, Arianna Giorgetti, Chiara Giraudo, Guido Viel, Giovanni Cecchetto

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: hand-held scanner; LiDAR; anthropometric measurements; 3D model reconstruction

Online: 7 December 2023 (03:20:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0396.v1

Cardiac Laterality: Surgical Results of Right Atrial Isomerism

Diego B. Ortega-Zhindón, Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández, José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez, José A. García-Montes, Juan Calderón-Colmenero, Jorge L. Cervantes-Salazar

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: heterotaxy syndrome; atrial isomerism; heart surgery; congenital heart disease.

Online: 7 September 2023 (03:33:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0368.v1

Gender-specific Dimensional Shape Analysis of Carpal Bones: Implications for Biomedical Device Design and Therapy Planning

Malte Asseln, Valentin Quack, Roman Michalik, Björn Rath, Frank Hildebrand, Filippo Migliorini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: wrist; morphology; biomedical device design; therapy planning; biomechanics

Online: 6 November 2023 (15:09:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0231.v1

Neuroprotective Activity of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) against Formaldehyde-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus

Mehtap Erdogan, Tuncay Colak, Fatma Sureyya Ceylan, Hale Maral Kır, Sema Kurnaz Ozbek, Ozgur Doga Ozsoy, Zuhal Sahin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: apoptosis; arbutus unedo L; formaldehyde; hippocampus; oxidative stress

Online: 5 March 2024 (06:37:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1506.v1

Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Injury—Adrenergic Blockade Attenuates Nitrosative Stress and Inflammation but Not Pulmonary Edema

Isabel Riha, Aida Salameh, Annekathrin Hoschke, Coralie Raffort, Julia Koedel, Beate Rassler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Normobaric hypoxia; adrenergic blockade; pulmonary edema; pulmonary inflammation; tumor necrosis factor; nitrotyrosine; left and right ventricular catheterization

Online: 19 January 2024 (12:15:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1509.v1

Retinal Microcirculation Measurements in Response to Endurance Exercises Analysed by Adaptive Optics Retinal Camera

Maria Anna Żmijewska, Zbigniew M. Wawrzyniak, Maciej Janiszewski, Anna Zaleska-Żmijewska

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: adaptive optics; retinal microcirculation; autoregulation; physical exercise; WRL

Online: 26 March 2024 (11:47:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1967.v1

Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV 16/18) and Associated Factors among Women in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia 2021

mamaru getinet

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: OncoE6TM cervical test; HPV; East Gojjam zone; prevalence; associated factors

Online: 26 December 2023 (10:14:26 CET)

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Background: Human papillomavirus is a common pathogen that infects the skin and mucosal epithelium, is transmitted sexually; causes condylomas or squamous cell carcinomas. Two (16 and 18) of the 150 HPV serotypes are oncogenic types. Studies have been done on the infection by oncogenic human papillomavirus 16/18 and associated factors are found to be very limited in Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus infection (HPV 16/18) and associated factors among women. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 337 women screened for cervical cancer in two hospitals in East Gojjam Zone from February to April 2021 G.C. Four BSc-qualified nurses who worked in the chosen hospitals collected the data using pretested questionnaire and an HPV test (OncoE6TM Cervical Test) specific to HPV16/18 in cervical swabs. Descriptive analysis was performed to determine the prevalence and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the associated factors of HPV16/18 infection. Finally, statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05.Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 14.2% (95% CI: 10.7% -18.1%). The mean age of the respondents was 36.7±9.1 years. Women with the age group of 55-65 years (AOR = 7.91, 95% CI: 1.95-32.09), early initiation of sexual intercourse (AOR = 5.36, 95% CI: 1.58-18.13), history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.27-9.72), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive status (AOR = 6.8, 95% CI: 1.99-23.54), and number of lifetime sexual partners (AOR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.15-17.3) were important independent factors associated with the presence of oncogenic HPV infection. Conclusion and Recommendation: We found a relatively low prevalence of high-risk HPV infection. Age, early initiation of sexual intercourse at less than 18 years, STI of women, being HIV seropositive, and a number of sexual partners were important factors for high-risk HPV infection. Women aged > 46 years, women with early initiation of sex, a history of STI, being HIV positive, and a history of multiple sexual partners should be encouraged to be screened and vaccinated for HPV infection. Wider-ranging studies are also needed in HPV-infected women in association with the cervical lesion.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1036.v1

ChAT Immunoreactive Structures in the Porcine Extrahepatic Bile Ducts

Ivaylo Stefanov Stefanov

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: mast cells; ganglia; choline acetyltransferase; tryptase; bile ducts; pigs

Online: 14 December 2023 (10:07:30 CET)

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Medicine and Pharmacology