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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0340.v1

Altered microRNA Transcriptome in Cultured Human Airway Cells upon Infection with SARS-CoV-2

Idrissa Diallo, Rajesh Abraham Jacob, Elodie Vion, Robert A. Kozak, Karen Mossman, Patrick Provost

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; RNA-Seq; miRNA; miR-1246; ACE2; Calu-3

Online: 18 August 2022 (10:45:51 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0339.v1

First Genomic Evidence of a Henipa-like Virus in Brazil

Leonardo H. Almeida Hernández, Thito Y. Bezerra da Paz, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Fábio S. da Silva, Bruno C. Veloso de Barros, Bruno T. Diniz Nunes, Lívia M. Neves Casseb, Daniele B. Almeida Medeiros, Pedro F. da Costa Vasconcelos, Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: metagenomics; henipavirus; marsupialia; opossums

Online: 18 August 2022 (10:45:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0338.v1

Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Outbreaks in Poultry across Egypt are associated with Enzootic Prevalence of the Virus in Wild Birds

Amal A.M. Eid, Ashraf Hussein, Ola Hassanin, Reham M. Elbakrey, Rebecca Daines, Jean-Remy Sadeyen, Hanan M.F Abdien, Klaudia Chrzastek, Munir Iqbal

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: migratory birds; Newcastle disease virus-GVII; poultry; phylogenetics; sequence-independent; sin-gle-primer amplification (SISPA); velogenic; whole genome sequencing (WGS)

Online: 18 August 2022 (10:40:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0128.v1

Atypical and unique transmission of monkeypox virus during the 2022 outbreak: an overview of the current state of knowledge

Jade C Riopelle, Vincent J Munster, Julia R Port

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: monkeypox, transmission, outbreak, atypical presentation

Online: 8 August 2022 (03:57:03 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0081.v1

Pathological Evidence for Residual SARS-CoV-2 in the Micrometastatic Niche of a Patient with Ovarian Cancer

Takuma Hayashi, Kenji Sano, Nobuo Yaegashi, Ikuo Konishi

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; micrometastatic niche; Patient with Cancer

Online: 3 August 2022 (10:22:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0051.v1

Taking a Promising Vaccine Candidate Further: Efficacy of ASFV-G-ΔMGF after Intramuscular Vaccination of Domestic Pigs and Oral Vaccination of Wild Boar

Paul Deutschmann, Tessa Carrau, Julia Sehl-Ewert, Jan Hendrik Forth, Elisenda Viaplana, Jose Carlos Mancera, Alicia Urniza, Martin Beer, Sandra Blome

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: African swine fever; vaccination; efficacy; domestic pigs; wild boar; oral vaccine; intramuscular vaccine

Online: 2 August 2022 (08:36:03 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0039.v1

Novel Synergistic Anti-Enteroviral Drug Combinations

Aleksandr Ianevski, Eva Zusinaite, Tanel Tenson, Valentyn Oksenych, Wei Wang, Jan Egil Afset, Magnar Bjørås, Denis E Kainov

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Echovirus; enterovirus; broad-spectrum antiviral agent; antiviral drug combination; antiviral strategy

Online: 2 August 2022 (05:01:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0024.v1

Connect to Protect: Dynamics and Genetic Connections of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Poultry from 2016 to 2021 in Germany

Jacqueline King, Christoph Staubach, Christiane Lüder, Susanne Koethe, Anne Günther, Lina Stacker, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Klaas Dietze, Christian Grund, Franz J. Conraths, Timm Harder, Martin Beer, Anne Pohlmann

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses; H5N8; H5N5; Clade 2.3.4.4; phylogenetic network analyses; next-generation sequencing; MinION; epidemiology

Online: 1 August 2022 (14:57:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0375.v1

Vemurafenib Inhibits Enterovirus A71 Genome Replication and Virus Assembly

Bodan Hu, Kenn Ka-Heng Chik, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Jian-Piao Cai, Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang, Zijiao Zou, Kaiming Tang, Lilong Jia, Cuiting Luo, Feifei Yin, Zi-Wei Ye, Hin Chu, Man-Lung Yeung, Shuofeng Yuan

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Enterovirus; vemurafenib; RAF; MAPK signaling pathway; genome replication; virus assembly; VP0 cleavage

Online: 25 July 2022 (12:25:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0372.v1

Cell Compartment-specific Folding of Ty1 Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon RNA Genome

Małgorzata Zawadzka, Angelika Andrzejewska-Romanowska, Julita Gumna, David J. Garfinkel, Katarzyna Pachulska-Wieczorek

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: RNA genome; RNA structure; Cell compartment-specific folding; LTR-retrotransposon; gRNA dimerization; gRNA cyclization; tRNA annealing; Ty1; Gag.

Online: 25 July 2022 (10:07:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0358.v1

Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus is Infectious for Cattle by Injection

Hanna Keck, Benedikt Litz, Bernd Hoffmann, Julia Sehl-Ewert, Martin Beer, Michael Eschbaumer

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Foot-and-mouth disease virus; safe sample transport; single-stranded positive-sense RNA; TRIzol extraction; naked RNA; infectivity; RNA transfection; lipofectamine; self-transfection; BHK cells

Online: 25 July 2022 (08:14:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0349.v1

Effectiveness of Household Disinfection Techniques to Remove SARS-Cov-2 from Cloth Masks

Maria Angélica Monteiro de Mello Mares-Guia, Anne Aline Pereira Paiva, Vinicius Motta Mello, Cristiane M. Eller, Andreza Lemos Salvio, Felipe F. Nascimento, Emanuelle S. R. F. Silva, Vinicius Tadeu Martins Guerra Campos, Ygara da Silva Mendes, Elba Regina Sampaio Lemos, Ivanildo P. Sousa Jr., Marco Aurélio Pereira Horta

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; reuse fabric masks; disinfection

Online: 25 July 2022 (05:26:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0341.v1

Regulation and Impact of Hepatitis B x Protein in Persistence and Oncogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus

Garima Garg, Shashank Purwar, Anirudh K. Singh, Ashish Kumar Vyas

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus; Chronic Hepatitis infection; Oncogenesis

Online: 22 July 2022 (13:18:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0335.v1

First Detection of SARS Cov-2 Like Antibodies in Domestic and Wild Animals in Kenya

Heshborne Sheltone Tindih, Isaiah Obara, Marcello Alessandro, Mercy Matindi Akinyi, John Nyambega, George Omondi Adinoh

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS Cov-2; Detection; Animal; Antibodies

Online: 22 July 2022 (09:57:40 CEST)

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), etiological agent of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread since December 2019, resulting in massive health and economic crisis worldwide. While efforts to stop the pandemic are crucial, collecting epidemiological data to help manage current and future pandemics will be important. In addition to humans, serological and molecular based studies have demonstrated SARS CoV-2 exposure in several wild, domestic and farmed animals. For examples Shriner and the team showed serologically an exposure of 40% to the white deer living in close proximity to urban centers. Additional reports have also emerged of susceptibility of animal’s species like cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, white-tailed deer, rabbits, Egyptian fruit bats, and Syrian hamsters to SARS-CoV-2 infection.. It’s worth emphasizing that these reports are based on experimental data mostly derived from Europe, USA, South America and parts of Asia. In limited instances natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in pet dogs, cats, tigers, lions, snow leopards, pumas, gorillas at zoos and farmed mink and ferrets. The presence of the virus in animal species and an understanding of whether these are natural or recent human to animal transmissions is important. It’s possible that such transmission could passage the virus or subject the virus to a different immunological pressure thereby helping with the development of viral variants in addition to being a host for future reservoirs of the virus. In Kenya SARS-CoV-2 was first detected on March 12th 2020 from imported human cases of persons who had travelled from the United States. This was followed by detection of imported cases majorly from China, Sweden and United Kingdom. Later infections were confirmed in Nairobi and Mombasa suggesting further cases of disease importations through the major ports of entry. However, no comparable data on animal exposure have hitherto been generated in Kenya. To address this key concern, we focused on three objectives; 1) development of a robust antibody ELISA based on crude SARS-CoV-2 lysate. 2) SARS-CoV-2 serology of domestic animals in Kenya. 3) Corroboration of the crude lysate based seroprevalence data and a commercial ELISA kit based on the Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) antigen. Our sample set included camel sera (both pre- & post outbreak sera), as well as sera from cats and dogs collected at the peak of the pandemic. Our results using the ELISA based on crude SARS-CoV-2 lysate indicated SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in camels (71%, N=145), cats 11% (N=16) and dogs (81%, N=36) with varying titer levels. These findings were comparable to those obtained using the commercial ELISA kit based on the spike RBD antigens. In summary, the data warrants two key conclusions: (i) we have demonstrated that the crude lysate ELISA allows for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, and given its potential to offer robust detection could be applied for initial mass screening (ii) although the current study cannot disentangle the relative contributions of antigenic cross-reactivity, pre-pandemic exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or human-animal transmission, it nonetheless demonstrates for the first time the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 like antibodies in domestic and wild animals in Kenya. Our findings set the scene for further research into the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and wild animals to understand their potential epidemiological implications.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0314.v1

Monkeypox and its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where are we now with its evidence?

Ranjit Sah, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Abdullah Reda, Basant E. Katamesh, Emery Manirambona, Hanaa Abdelmonem, Rachana Mehta, Ali A. Rabaan, Saad Alhumaid, Wadha Alfouzan, Amer I. Alomar, Faryal Khamis, Fadwa S. Alofi, Maha H. Aljohani, Amal H. Alfaraj, Mubarak Alfaresi, Jumana M. Al-Jishi, Jameela Al-Salman, Ahlam Alynbiawi, Mohammed S. Almogbel, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: sexual transmission; monkeypox; emerging; global; epidemic

Online: 21 July 2022 (08:08:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0276.v1

Investigating the Factors Affecting SARS-COV-2 Transmission and Mortality Rate in Sub-Saharan Africa

Obuks Ejohwomu, Noor Al-Saffar, Samuel Adeniyi Adekunle, Majeed Oladokun, Judy Too, Clinton Aigbavboa

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; transmission; meteorological impact

Online: 19 July 2022 (04:05:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0250.v1

A Systematic Review on the Emergence of Omicron Variant and Recent Advancement in Therapies

Ramendra Pati Pandey, M Beyau konyak, Mohan Sharma, Shabnam Kharia, Chung-Ming Chang

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Emergence of Omicron and its mechanism; mutation and sub-lineages; Monoclonal antibodies; Antiviral drugs

Online: 18 July 2022 (07:48:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0231.v1

Broadening the Chrysoviridae Horizons: A New Geographical Area and Potential Arthropod Vector for the Xanthi Chryso-Like Virus

Marko Jankovic, Valentina Ćirković, Maja Stanojević, Gorana Stamenković, Ana Lončar, Marina Šiljić

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Mosquito; arthropod-borne; vector; RNA virus; mycovirus; Chrysoviridae; sequencing; Serbia

Online: 15 July 2022 (11:44:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0223.v1

Potential Benefit of Early Treatment with Sotrovimab in Patients With High Risk for Severe COVID-19 Carrying BA.2 Infection

Melania Degli Antoni, Cinzia Giagulli, Serena Messali, Silvia Amadasi, Francesca Caccuri, Francesco Castelli, Arnaldo Caruso, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies; Sotrovimab; COVID-19; Omicron; BA.2

Online: 14 July 2022 (12:22:21 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0220.v1

HepG2-NTCP Subclones Exhibiting High Susceptibility to Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Muhammad Atif Zahoor, Adrian Kuipery, Alexander I. Mosa, Adam J. Gehring, Jordan J. Feld

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; HepG2-NTCP cells; Immunofluorescence; Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) Receptor; Subcloning; Limiting dilution; Myrcludex B

Online: 14 July 2022 (12:06:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0216.v3

Mathematical Analysis: Feasibility of Using Viral Proteins to Reawaken Dormant Retrovirus Infection

S. Chen

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Retrovirus; NF-κB; HIV; HTLV

Online: 12 July 2022 (08:07:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0100.v1

From Minor Mutant to Dominance, the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Thomas Caspari

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: omicron; alpha; delta; deltacron; recombination; RNA editing; intra-host variants; tropisms; ox-idative damage; Wuhan

Online: 6 July 2022 (15:27:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0075.v1

Monkeypox: A New Threat?

Dorota Kmiec, Frank Kirchhoff

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: monkeypox; zoonosis; emerging viruses; 2022 MPX outbreak

Online: 5 July 2022 (13:43:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0018.v1

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HBV and HIV Co-infected Adults in Botswana

Motswedi Anderson, Wonderful T. Choga, Bonolo B. Phinius, Lynnette N. Bhebhe, Sethunya Gotulweng, Kabo Baruti, Sikhulile Moyo, Theresa K. Sebunya, Rosemary M. Musonda, Jason T. Blackard, Simani Gaseitsiwe

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); hepatitis B virus (HBV); mutations; HBV/HIV co-infection; Botswana; Africa

Online: 1 July 2022 (16:31:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0411.v1

Norwegian Platform for Production of Antiviral Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulins for Viral Pandemics Preparedness

Erlend Ravlo, Lasse Evensen, Gorm Sanson, Aleksandr Ianevski, Per Olav Skjervold, Denis Kainov, Magnar Bjørås

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: IgY; SARS-CoV-2; Vero-E6, Syrian Golden hamster; antiviral strategy

Online: 30 June 2022 (03:37:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0322.v1

Discovery of Avian Paramyxoviruses APMV-1 and APMV-6 in Shorebirds and Waterfowl in Southern Ukraine

Amy C. Klink, Oleksandr Rula, Mykola Sushko, Maksym Bezymennyi, Oleksandr Mezinov, Oleksandr Gaidash, Xiao Bai, Anton Stegniy, Mykola Sushko, Roman Datsenko, Sergiy Skorohod, Vitalii Nedosekov, Nichola Hill, Levan Ninua, Ganna Kovalenko, Anne Lise Ducluzeau, Andriy Mezhenskiy, Devin M. Drown, Douglas Causey, Borys Stegniy, Anton Gerilovych, Eric Bortz, Denys Muzyka

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Viral Ecology; APMV; wild birds; Surveillance of Avian Paramyxoviruses; phylogenetics; MinION; Azov-Black Sea region in Ukraine

Online: 23 June 2022 (09:33:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0201.v1

The Flexible, Extended Alpha Helix Coil of the PDZ-Binding Motif of the Three Deadly Human Coronavirus E Proteins Plays a Role in Pathogenicity

Dewald Schoeman, Ruben Cloete, Burtram C. Fielding

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: human coronaviruses; envelope protein; PDZ-binding motif (PBM), homology-based modelling; docking; HADDOCK; protein-protein interaction; PALS1; pathogenesis; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 14 June 2022 (09:52:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0099.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Shielding Effect of Chitosan Derivatives: An in-silico Prospective

Poonam Das, Sabuj Sahoo, Sanatan Majhi, George rout Kerry, Atala Bihari Jena

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Chitosan; mHTCC; SARS-CoV-2; S protein; ACE2; Molecular interaction

Online: 7 June 2022 (09:05:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0096.v1

Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Consultations in Senegal

Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara, Seynabou Lo, Cheikh Momar Nguer, Assane Senghor, Halimatou Diop Ndiaye, Noël Magloire Manga, Fodé Danfakha, Sidy Diallo, Marie Edouard Faye Dieme, Ousmane Thiam, Babacar Biaye, Ndèye Marie Pascaline Manga, Fatou Thiam, Habibou Sarr, Gora Lo, Momar Ndour, Sébastien Paterne Manga, Nouhou Diaby, Modou Dieng, Idy Diop, Yakhya Dieye, Coumba Toure Kane, Martine Peeters, Ahidjo Ayouba

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Hepatitis E; Associated risk factors; Pregnant women; Environment; Prevention; Senegal

Online: 7 June 2022 (08:06:52 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0038.v1

Dynamics of Whole Virus and Non-structural Protein 1 (NS1) IgG Response in Mice Immunised with Two Commercial Tick-borne Encephalitis Vaccines

Jiri Salat, Petra Strakova, Daniel Ruzek

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: tick-borne encephalitis virus; vaccine; non-structural protein 1

Online: 3 June 2022 (09:48:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0022.v1

Immune Escape Associated with RBD Omicron Mutations and SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Dynamics

Alexander Kudryavtsev, Anna V. Vakhrusheva, Valery Novoseletsky, Marine Bozdaganyan, Konstantin V. Shaitan, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov, Olga S. Sokolova

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Omicron; bioinformatics; immune escape; RBD mutations; vaccine development

Online: 1 June 2022 (14:12:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0395.v1

Inactivation Protocols for African Swine Fever Virus in Serum and Saliva Samples

Lorena Franco-Martínez, Martin Beer, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, Edgar García-Manzanilla, Sandra Blome, Tessa Carrau

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: African swine fever; pathogenesis; biomarkers; serum; saliva; virus inactivation; detergent treatment; heat treatment; impact of treatment on biomarkers

Online: 30 May 2022 (11:22:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0393.v1

Crocodilepox Virus Protein 157 is an Independently Evolved Inhibitor of Protein Kinase R

M. Julhasur Rahman, Loubna Tazi, Sherry L. Haller, Stefan Rothenburg

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: poxviruses; protein kinase R; evolution; translational regulation; eIF2

Online: 30 May 2022 (10:42:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0381.v1

Efficacy of Licensed Monoclonal Antibodies and Antiviral Agents against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sub-Lineages BA.1 and BA.2

Lia Fiaschi, Filippo Dragoni, Elisabetta Schiaroli, Annalisa Bergna, Barbara Rossetti, Federica Giammarino, Camilla Biba, Anna Gidari, Alessia Lai, Cesira Nencioni, Daniela Francisci, Maurizio Zazzi, Ilaria Vicenti

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Sars-Cov-2; mAbs; Paxlovid; Remdesivir; Molnupiravir; Microneutralization assay; Cell-based assay; Omicron sublineages

Online: 27 May 2022 (10:45:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0370.v1

Acute Severe Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology in Children: A Mini-Review

Andri Frediansyah, Malik Sallam, Amanda Yufika, Khan Sharun, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, Deepak Chandran, Sukamto S. Mamada, Dina E. Sallam, Yousef Khader, Yohannes K. Lemu, Fauzi Yusuf, James-Paul Kretchy, Ziad Abdeen, J. S. Torres-Roman, Yogesh Acharya, Anastasia Bondarenko, Aamer Ikram, Kurnia F. Jamil, Katarzyna Kotfis, Ai Koyanagi, Lee Smith, Dewi Megawati, Marius Rademaker, Ziad A. Memish, Sandro Vento, Firzan Nainu, Harapan Harapan

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Acute non hepA–E hepatitis; clinical manifestations; epidemiological characteristics; prevention

Online: 27 May 2022 (08:41:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0363.v1

The Virus-induced Upregulation of the miR-183/96/182 Cluster and the FoxO Family Protein Members are not Required for the Efficient Replication of HSV-1

Andreja Zubković, Ines Žarak, Ivana Ratkaj, Filip Rokić, Maja Badurina, Marina Pribanić Matešić, Ricardo Lebron, Cristina Gómez-Martín, Berislav Lisnić, Vanda Juranic Lisnic, Stipan Jonjić, Dongli Pan, Oliver Vugrek, MIchael Hackenberg, Igor Jurak

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: herpes simplex virus 1; HSV-1; virus-host interaction; miRNA; FoxO

Online: 26 May 2022 (10:34:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0319.v1

ORFeome Phage Display Reveals a Major Immunogenic Epitope on the S2 Subdomain of SARS-Cov-2 Spike Protein

Rico Ballmann, Sven-Kevin Hotop, Federico Bertoglio, Stephan Steinke, Philip Alexander Heine, M.-Zeeshan Chaudhry, Dieter Jahn, Boas Pucker, Fausto Baldanti, Antonio Piralla, Maren Schubert, Luka Čičin-Šain, Michael Hust, Stefan Dübel

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: phage display; epitope mapping; COVID-19; genomic library; NGS

Online: 24 May 2022 (04:20:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0316.v1

Beyond Inhibition: A Novel Strategy of Targeting HIV-1 Protease to Eliminate Viral Reservoirs

Josh G Kim, Liang Shan

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV; protease; CARD8; NNRTI; Inflammasome; Latent reservoir

Online: 24 May 2022 (03:54:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0247.v1

Description of a One-Year Succession of Variants of Interest and Concern of SARS-Cov-2 in Venezuela

Rossana C. Jaspe, Carmen L. Loureiro, Yoneira F. Sulbaran, Zoila C. Moros, Pierina D´Angelo, Mariana Hidalgo, Lieska Rodriguez, Victor Alarcon, Marwan Aguilar, Doneyla Sanchez, Jesus Ramirez, Domingo J. Garzaro, Jose Luis Zambrano, Ferdinando Liprandi, Hector Rafael Rangel, Flor H. Pujol

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Variants of Concern; Rapid screening; Mutations

Online: 19 May 2022 (03:31:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0157.v1

Low Intra-Host and Inter-Host Genetic Diversity of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 in Domestic Cats During A Feline Panleukopenia Outbreak

Xiuwan Wang, Maura Carrai, Kate Van Brussel, Shuo Feng, Julia A. Beatty, Mang Shi, Edward C. Holmes, Jun Li, Vanessa R. Barrs

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: feline; panleukopenia; canine parvovirus; metagenomics; diversity; intra-host

Online: 12 May 2022 (04:07:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0131.v1

Dominance of Three Sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Mexico

Blanca Taboada, Selene Zárate, José Esteban Muñoz-Medina, Alejandro Sanchez-Flores, Rodrigo García-López, Alfredo Herrera-Estrella, Celia Boukadida, Bruno Gómez-Gil, Nelly Selem Mojica, Mauricio Rosales-Rivera, Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais, Rosa María Gutiérrez-Ríos, Antonio Loza, Xaira Rivera-Gutierrez, Joel Armando Vazquez-Perez, Margarita Matías-Florentino, Marissa Pérez-García, Santiago Ávila-Ríos, Juan Manuel Hurtado, Carla Herrera-Nájera, José Núñez-Contreras, Brenda Sarquiz-Martínez, Víctor García-Arias, María Santiago-Mauricio, Bernardo Martínez-Miguel, Julissa Enciso-Ibarra, Cristóbal Cháidez-Quiróz, Pavel Isa, Rosa María Wong-Chew, María-Eugenia Jiménez-Corona, Susana López, Carlos F. Arias

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Variants of Concern; Delta Variant; genomic surveillance.

Online: 10 May 2022 (09:44:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0104.v1

Shiftless, A Critical Piece of the Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection

William Rodriguez, Mandy Muller

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: C19ORF66; FLJ11286; shiftless; SVA-1; RyDEN; IRAV; ISG; innate immune response; RNA stabil-ity; translation; RNA granules; ribosomal frameshift

Online: 9 May 2022 (05:57:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0098.v1

Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Children and Adolescents after Liver Transplantation in a Latin American Reference Center.

ALINE FALLEIROS DE FREITAS, RENATA PEREIRA SUSTOVICH PUGLIESE, FLAVIA FEIER, IRENE KAZUE MIURA, VERA LUCIA BAGGIO DANESI, ELIENE NOVAIS OLIVEIRA, ADRIANA PORTA HIRSCHFELD, CRISTIAN BARBIERI BORGES, JULIANA VIEIRA LOBATO, GILDA PORTA, JOAO SEDA NETO, EDUARDO ANTUNES FONSECA

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; pediatric liver transplantation; immunosuppression; living donor liver transplantation

Online: 9 May 2022 (03:59:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0187.v2

Detection of Human Parechovirus a in Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Neurological Clinical Samples of Pediatric Patients from Panama

Lizette Carmen Gutierrez, Viridiana Saenz, Danilo Franco, Marlene Castillo, Brechla Moreno, Ediner Fuentes, Zeuz Capitan-Barrios, Sandra López-Vergès, Juan Miguel Pascale, Nestor Sosa, Leyda Ábrego

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: human parechovirus; HPeV; PeV-A; Panama; gastrointestinal infection; respiratory infection

Online: 27 April 2022 (08:07:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0120.v1

Complex Mutation Pattern of Omicron BA.2: Evading Antibodies without Losing Receptor Interactions

Saathvik R. Kannan, Austin N. Spratt, Kalicharan Sharma, Anders Sönnerborg, Subbu Apparsundaram, Christian Lorson, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Kamal Singh

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Viruses; Omicron BA.1; BA.2; Delta

Online: 13 April 2022 (08:31:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0105.v1

Effectiveness of Intermediate Respiratory Care Units as An Alternative to Intensive Care Units During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Catalonia

Marina Galdeano Lozano, Julio Cesar Alfaro Alvarez, Nuria Parra Macías, Rosario Salas Campos, Sarah Heili Frades, Josep M. Montserrat, Antoni Rosell Gratacós, Jorge Abad Capta, Olga Parra Ordaz, Francesc Lopez Seguí

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: respiratory care; covid; ICU; cost-effectiveness

Online: 12 April 2022 (08:49:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0216.v2

Can Latency-Reversing Drugs Reawaken Dormant Retrovirus Infection?A Mathematical Analysis

S Chen

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Retrovirus

Online: 11 April 2022 (08:43:41 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0071.v1

First Disease and the Great Imitator: A Diagnostic Dilemma with Ancient Maladies

Hisham Ahmed Imad, Ploi Lakanavisid, Phimphan Pisutsan, Kentaro Trerattanavong, Thundon Ngamprasertchai, Wasin Matsee, Watcharapong Piyaphanee, Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong, Wang Nguitragool, Emi E. Nakayama, Tatsuo Shioda

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: measles virus; exanthema; Treponema pallidum; secondary syphilis

Online: 8 April 2022 (04:16:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0050.v1

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 Subtypes in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Nataliia Rudova, Jeremy Buttler, Ganna Kovalenko, Mykola Sushko, Vitaliy Bolotin, Larysa Muzykina, Oleksandr Zinenko, Borys Stegniy, Yurii Dunaiev, Mykola Sytiuk, Anton Gerilovych, Devin M. Drown, Eric Bortz, Oleksii Solodiankin

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: porcine circovirus; PCV2; domestic pig; wild boar; subtype; phylogenetics; MinION; Ukraine

Online: 7 April 2022 (03:03:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0030.v1

ZIKA Virus Envelope Protein Forms Disulfide Bond-Dependent Polymers: Evidence for A Redox Imbalance during Infection

Grégorie Lebeau, Jonathan Turpin, Etienne Frumence, Daed El Safadi, Wissal harrabi, Philippe Desprès, Pascale Krejbich-Trotot, wildriss viranaïcken

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Zika virus; unfolded protein response; ER stress; oligomer; disulfide bond amyloid aggregates

Online: 6 April 2022 (05:24:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0010.v1

Identifying Hotspots of Peoples Diagnosed with Tuberculosis and Drug Addiction of Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drugs through a Geospatial Intelligence Application on Communities from Southern Brazil

Alessandro Rolim Scholze, Felipe Mendes Delpino, Luana Seles Alves, Josilene Dália Alves, Thaís Zamboni Berra, Antônio Carlos Vieira Ramos, Miguel Fuentealba-Torres, Inês Fronteira, Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Tuberculosis; Alcoholism; Illicit drugs; Tobacco use disorder; Spatial analysis

Online: 4 April 2022 (07:22:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0375.v1

Rapid Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies With a Screen-Printed Electrode Modified With a Spike Glycoprotein Epitope

Wiilson Ameku, David Provance, Carlos Morel, Salvatore De-Simone

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; spike glycoprotein; epitope; electrochemical biosensor; point of care; immunological diagnostic

Online: 29 March 2022 (08:39:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0369.v1

On the Essential Role of SARS-CoV-2 Localization in the Nasopharynx and Intestines in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

Vasily Afonyushkin, Ilya Akberdin, Yulia Kozlova, Ivan Shchukin, Tatyana Mironova, Anna Bobikova, Nikolay Donchenko, Viktoria Cherepushkina, Yulia Poletaeva, Fedor Kolpakov

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; immunology; nasopharynx; intestines; lungs; mathematical modeling; modular approach; pathophysiology of COVID-19

Online: 28 March 2022 (14:40:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0328.v1

Discovery of Bispecific Lead Compounds From Azadirachta Indica Against ZIKA NS2B-NS3 Protease and RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Using Molecular Simulations

Sanjay Kumar, Shreif A. El- Kafrawy‎, Shiv Bharadwaj, S. S. Maitra, Thamir A. Alandijany, Arwa A. Faizo, Aiah M. Khateb, Vivek Dhar Dwivedi, Esam I. Azhar

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Zika Virus; Flavonoids; Azadirachta indica; Molecular Docking; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Binding free energy

Online: 24 March 2022 (09:31:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0300.v1

Sars-Cov-2 Inactivation by a Panel of Commercialized Buffers and by Traditional Protocols (Heat or SDS)

Grégory Quéromès, Emilie Frobert, Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp, Martine Valette, Geneviève Billaud, Vanessa Escuret, Antoine Oblette, Bruno Lina, Florence Morfin, Alexandre Gaymard

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; inactivation; commercial buffer; heat; SDS

Online: 22 March 2022 (11:21:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0294.v1

Meal Timing, Meal Frequency and Metabolic Syndrome

Fatema Alkhulaifi, Charles Darkoh

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: meal timing; meal frequency; skipping meals; fasting; obesity; metabolic syndrome; diabetes

Online: 22 March 2022 (04:20:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0216.v1

Retrovirus: Protein Reawakens

S Chen

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Retrovirus

Online: 15 March 2022 (14:20:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0155.v1

Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants to Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kaiming Tao, Philip L. Tzou, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, John P.A. Ioannidis, Robert W. Shafer

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Omicron variant; Monoclonal antibody; Neutralization; Spike protein

Online: 10 March 2022 (14:30:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0040.v1

Augmented Sensitivity of At-Home Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test (RAT) Kits with Computer Vision

Kim Miikki, Lars Miikki, Jenny Wiklund, Alp Karakoç

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; rapid antigen test; RT-PCR test; COVID-19; image processing; Raspberry Pi

Online: 2 March 2022 (08:06:49 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0010.v1

Analytical Sensitivity of Five SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Tests for Omicron Versus Delta Variant

Jean-Louis Bayart, Jonathan Degosserie, Julien Favresse, Constant Gillot, Marie Didembourg, Happy Phanio Djokoto, Valérie Verbelen, Gatien Roussel, Celine Maschietto, François Mullier, Jean-Michel Dogné, Jonathan Douxfils

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; variant; Omicron; Delta; antigen; RT-qPCR

Online: 1 March 2022 (09:01:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0297.v1

Integrated Analysis of the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Involved in the HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

Chang Liu, Qian Ding, Xiaohong Kong

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: miRNA; mRNA; HIV; network; bioinformatics; HAND; viral infection; CNS damage

Online: 23 February 2022 (14:13:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0261.v1

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants of Concern: A Perspective for Emerging more Transmissible and Vaccine-Resistant Strains

Anacleto S. de Souza, Vitor Martins de Freitas Amorim, Gabriela D. A. Guardia, Filipe F dos Santos, Henning Ulrich, Pedro A. F. Galante, Robson Francisco de Souza, Cristiane Rodrigues Guzzo

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 variants; transmissibility; viral load; sensitivity to antisera

Online: 22 February 2022 (02:59:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0240.v1

Characterisation of Particle size and Viability of SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols from a Range of Nebuliser Types Using a Novel Sampling Technique

Susan Paton, Simon Clark, Antony Spencer, Isobel Garratt, Ikshitaa Dinesh, Katy-Anne Thompson, Allan Bennett, Thomas Pottage

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; aerosols; particles; viable; respirable; sizing; sampling

Online: 21 February 2022 (01:48:14 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0224.v1

Omicron Variant: Secrets Behind the Great Escape Artist

Henry Sutanto, Djoko Santoso

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; Omicron variant; emerging disease; global health; virus; genome; mutation

Online: 18 February 2022 (05:23:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0223.v1

Dolutegravir Inhibits Proliferation and Motility of BT-20 Tumor Cells through Inhibition of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K

Jiayi Li, John Lin, John Ryan Lin, Mason Farris, Lauren Robbins, Leo Andrada, Bryce Grohol, Serratt Nong, Yingguang Liu

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: endogenous retroviruses; HERV-K; mouse mammary tumor virus; dolutegravir; 4T1 cells

Online: 18 February 2022 (05:10:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0170.v1

The Influenza Virus RNA-polymerase and the Host RNA-Polymerase II: RPB4 is Targeted by a PB2 Domain that is Involved in Viral Transcription

Jessica Morel, Laura Sedano, Nathalie Lejal, Bruno Da Costa, Eric Batsché, Christian Muchardt, Bernard Delmas

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: influenza virus; RNA-polymerase; RNA-polymerase II; protein-protein interaction; PPI; cap snatching; transcription; binary complementation assay

Online: 14 February 2022 (09:51:21 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0158.v1

Comparison of Auto Sampling and Passive Sampling Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Wastewater

Melissa Wilson, Yuanyuan Qiu, Jiaao Yu, Bonita E. Lee, David T. McCarthy, Xiaoli Pang

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; wastewater; passive sampler; autosampler; RT-qPCR

Online: 11 February 2022 (08:38:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0468.v1

Antiviral Agents Against Flavivirus Protease: Prospect and Future Direction

Subodh K Samrat, Jimin Xu, Zhong Li, Jia Zhou, Hongmin Li

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Flavivirus; NS2B-NS3; ZIKA Virus; Dengue Virus; West Nile Virus; Inhibitors

Online: 31 January 2022 (13:46:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0184.v2

Characterization of the in Vitro and in Vivo Efficacy of Baloxavir Marboxil against h5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection

Keiichi Taniguchi, Yoshinori Ando, Masanori Kobayashi, Shinsuke Toba, Haruaki Nobori, Takao Sanaki, Takeshi Noshi, Makoto Kawai, Ryu Yoshida, Akihiko Sato, Takao Shishido, Akira Naito, Keita Matsuno, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Hiroshi Kida

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: baloxavir marboxil; H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; viral replication; inhibition; lung inflammation; combination therapy; oseltamivir

Online: 12 January 2022 (13:18:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0080.v1

Characterization of Hantavirus N Protein Intracellular Dynamics and Localization

Robert-William Welke, Hannah Sabeth Sperber, Amit Koikkarah, Laura Menke, Christian Sieben, Detlev Herbert Krüger, Salvatore Chiantia, Andreas Herrmann, Roland Schwarzer

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Hantavirus; N protein; oligomerization; actin; P-Bodies; vimentin; Number&Brightness; Puumalavirus; macromolecular assemblies

Online: 6 January 2022 (11:45:52 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0057.v1

Full Genome Analysis of Circulating DENV-2 in Senegal Reveals a Regional Diversification Into Separate Clades

Idrissa Dieng, Amadou Diallo, Mignane Ndiaye, Moussa Moise Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Marie Henriette Ndione, Amadou Alpha Sall, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ousmane Faye, Oumar Faye

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Dengue virus; complete genome; Cosmopolitan genotype; Senegal; 2018; Regional diversification

Online: 6 January 2022 (09:56:19 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0406.v1

Endothelium Activation during Severe Yellow Fever Triggers an Intense Cytokine-Mediated Inflammatory Response in the Liver Parenchyma

Fábio Alves Olimpio, Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão, Marcos Luiz Gaia Carvalho, Jeferson da Costa Lopes, Caio Cesar Henriques Mendes, Arnaldo Jorge Martins Filho, Carlos Augusto Moreira da Silva, Vanessa do Socorro Cabral Miranda, Lais Carneiro dos Santos, Felipe Souza da Silva Vilacoert, Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz, Vanessa Costa Alves Galucio, Raimundo do Socorro da Silva Azevedo, Livia Caricio Martins, Maria Irma Seixas Duarte, Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa, Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos, Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Yellow fever; Liver; Vascular endothelium; Adhesion molecule.

Online: 24 December 2021 (11:41:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0320.v1

Performance Characteristics of Real-time PCRs for African Swine Fever Virus Genome Detection – comparison of Twelve Kits to an OIE Recommended Method

Jutta Pikalo, Tessa Carrau, Paul Deutschmann, Melina Fischer, Kore Schlottau, Martin Beer, Sandra Blome

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: African swine fever virus; laboratory diagnosis; commercial real-time PCR; performance; sensitivity; specificity

Online: 21 December 2021 (09:24:26 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0270.v1

Molecular Characterization of Circulating DENV-2 During Outbreak in Northern Senegal, Rosso 2018

Idrissa Dieng, Mignane Ndiaye, Marie Henriette Ndione, Safietou Sankhe, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Samba Niang Sagne, Aboubacry Gaye, Aliou Barry, Gamou Fall, Amadou Alpha Sall, Cheikh Loucoubar, Oumar Faye, Ousmane Faye

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Dengue; Dengue virus; cosmopolitan genotype; Senegal; Mauritania; Molecular characterization; Full genome sequencing

Online: 16 December 2021 (12:06:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0203.v1

Antidepressant Sertraline is a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Enteroviruses Targeting Viral Entry Through Neutralization of Endolysosomal Acidification

Kuan-Chi Tseng, Bang-Yan Hsu, Pin Ling, Wen-Wen Lu, Cheng-Wen Lin, Szu-Hao Kung

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: enterovirus; antidepressant sertraline; drug repurposing; viral entry; host-cell targets; broad-spectrum antiviral

Online: 13 December 2021 (12:55:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0045.v1

The Role of Host Glycobiology and Gut Microbiota in Rotavirus and Norovirus Infection, an Update

Nazaret Peña-Gil, Cristina Santiso-Bellón, Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira, Javier Buesa, Vicente Monedero, Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Rotavirus; norovirus; gut microbiota; HBGAs

Online: 3 December 2021 (09:57:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0385.v1

Toward a Taxonomy of Virus-ncRNAs Interactions in an RNA World for Disentangling Some Tiny Secrets of Dengue Virus

Clara Isabel Bermudez-Santana, Juan Carlos Gallego-Gómez

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: n/aRNA genome; Viruses; host-viruses interactions; RNA world

Online: 22 November 2021 (11:43:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0290.v1

Serological Positivity against Selected Flavivirus and Alphavirus in Free-ranging Bats and Birds from Costa Rica Evidence Exposure to Arboviruses Seldom Reported Locally in Humans

Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo, Marta Piche-Ovares, Jose Carlos Gamboa Solano, Luis Mario Romero, Claudio Soto-Garita, Alejandro Alfaro-Alarcón, Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Arbovirus; bats; birds; wildlife; Costa Rica

Online: 16 November 2021 (13:32:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0252.v1

The Male Reproductive Organs in African Swine Fever–Implications for Transmission

Hanna Roszyk, Kati Franzke, Angele Breithaupt, Paul Deutschmann, Jutta Pikalo, Tessa Carrau, Sandra Blome, Julia Sehl-Ewert

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: African swine fever; male reproductive tract; pathogenesis; virus detection; histopathology; venereal transmission

Online: 15 November 2021 (11:14:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0248.v1

P22 Phage Shows Promising Antibacterial Activity Under Pathophysiological Conditions

Logan Gildea, Joseph Ayariga, Robert Villafane

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Bacteriophage therapy; antimicrobial resistance; Salmonella; antibiotic synergy

Online: 15 November 2021 (10:44:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0236.v1

Analysis of Simian Endogenous Retrovirus (SERV) proviruses in Old World Monkey Genomes: Evidence for a Transition to Replication during Embryogenesis

Antoinette C. van der Kuyl

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: endogenous; retrovirus; SERV; Old World monkey; phylogeny; evolution; paleovirology

Online: 12 November 2021 (16:29:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0184.v1

Characterization of the In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Baloxavir Marboxil against the H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection

Keiichi Taniguchi, Yoshinori Ando, Masanori Kobayashi, Shinsuke Toba, Haruaki Nobori, Takao Sanaki, Takeshi Noshi, Makoto Kawai, Ryu Yoshida, Akihiko Sato, Takao Shishido, Akira Naito, Keita Matsuno, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Hiroshi Kida

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: baloxavir marboxil; H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; viral replication; inhibition; lung inflammation; combination therapy; oseltamivir

Online: 9 November 2021 (14:43:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0087.v1

The Roles of the Virome in Cancer

Felix Broecker, Karin Moelling

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: virome; microbiota; cancer; bacteriophages; fecal microbiota transplantation; checkpoint inhibitors; immunotherapy

Online: 3 November 2021 (14:30:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0415.v2

A Routine Sanger Sequencing Target Specific Mutation Assay For SARS-CoV-2 Variants Of Concern And Interest

Sin Hang Lee

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Delta variant; Variants of concern; Variants of interest; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein; Nested RT-PCR; Sanger sequencing; Amino acid mutations; ACE2 RBD; N-terminal domain (NTD)

Online: 2 November 2021 (10:40:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0206.v1

Role and Clinical Utility of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Sharon Chanshan Wu, Karl Munger

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: CT antigens; HNSCC; HPV

Online: 13 October 2021 (15:23:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0506.v1

Peering Into Avian Influenza A(H5N8) for a Framework towards Pandemic Preparedness

Joshua Yi Yeo, Samuel Ken-En Gan

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: H5N8; Influenza; Virus; Antiviral; Mutation; Reassortment; Therapeutics; Vaccines

Online: 30 September 2021 (08:08:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0463.v1

Immuno-Efficacy of Multi-Epitope Chimeric Peptides Against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus: Potential Vaccine Candidates for Newly Emerged Serotype O and A

SALMA AKTER, Md. Shaminur Rahman, M. Rafiul Islam, Masuda Akther, Mafruha Marjia, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Munawar Sultana, M. Anwar Hossain

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Artificially designed; chimeric peptides; expression; FMDV; serotype O and A; vaccine candidate

Online: 28 September 2021 (10:56:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0426.v1

Exploratory Study on Application of MALDI-TOF-MS to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Saliva

Monique Melo Costa, Hugo Martin, Bertrand Estellon, François-Xavier Dupé, Floriant Saby, Nicolas Benoit, Hervé Tissot-Dupont, Matthieu Million, Bruno Pradines, Samuel Granjeaud, Lionel Almeras

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 detection; Saliva; MALDI-TOF MS; Machine learning

Online: 24 September 2021 (12:14:26 CEST)

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SARS-CoV-2 caused a large outbreak since its emergence in December 2019. The COVID-19 diagnosis became a priority to isolate and treat infected individuals in order to break the contamination chain. Currently, the reference test for COVID-19 diagnosis is the molecular detection (RT-qPCR) of the virus from nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples. Although this sensitive and specific test remains the gold standard, it has several limitations, such as the invasive collection method, the relative high cost and the duration of the test. Moreover, the material shortage to perform tests due to the discrepancy between the high demand for tests and the production capacities puts additional constraints on RT-qPCR. Here, we propose a PCR-free method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 based on Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling and machine learning (ML) models from salivary samples. Kinetic saliva samples were collected at enrollment and ten and thirty days later (D0, D10 and D30), to assess the classification performance of the ML models compared to the molecular tests performed on NPS specimens. Spectra were generated using an optimized protocol of saliva collection and successive quality control steps were developed to ensure the reliability of spectra. A total of 360 averaged spectra were included in the study. At D0, the comparison of MS spectra from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (n=105) with healthy healthcare controls (n=51) revealed nine peaks that significantly distinguished the two groups. Among the five ML models tested, Support Vector Machine with Linear Kernel (SVM-LK) provided the best performance on the training dataset (accuracy = 85.2 %, sensitivity = 85.1 %, specificity = 85.3 %, F1-Score = 85.1 %). The application of the SVM-LK model on independent datasets confirmed it performances with 88.9% and 80.8% of correct classification for samples collected at D0 and D30, respectively. Conversely, at D10, the proportion of correct classification fallen to 64.3%. The analysis of saliva samples by MALDI-TOF MS and ML appears as an interesting supplementary tool for COVID-19 diagnosis, despite the mitigated results obtained for convalescent patients (D10).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0325.v1

A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and is Deleterious to a New Host

Carolina Cornejo, Sakae Hisano, Helena Bragança, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Daniel Rigling

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Virus diversity; Quercus suber; Castanea sativa; hornbeam decline; hypovirulence; bio-control; Portugal.

Online: 20 September 2021 (10:52:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0322.v1

Grapevine Virology in the Third-Generation Sequencing Era: From Virus Detection to Viral Epitranscriptomics

Vahid Jalali Javaran, Peter Moffett, Pierre Lemoyne, Dong Xu, Charith-Raj Adkar Purushothama, Mamadou L. Fall

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Grapevine; Viral Disease; Diagnostic Methods; RNA Sequencing; Nanopore Sequencing Technology; RNA modifications

Online: 20 September 2021 (10:43:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0307.v1

High Infection to SARS-CoV-2 in an Indigen Community of the Colombian Amazon Region

Héctor Serrano-Coll, Hollman Miller, Camila Rodríguez-Van der hamen, Bertha gastelbondo, Wilkhen Novoa, Misael Oviedo, Ricardo Rivero, Evelin Garay, Salim Mattar

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Public health; Population groups; Informal sector; asymptomatic diseases; Seroepidemiologic studies

Online: 17 September 2021 (11:43:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0070.v2

Possible Effects of Air Temperature on COVID-19 Disease Severity and Transmission Rates

Dominique Kang, Clifford Ellgen, Erik Kulstad

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Covid; covid-19; sars-cov-2; temperature; heat; body temperature; air temperature; viral decay; viral stability; transmission; severity; virology; thermodynamics

Online: 6 September 2021 (13:23:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0044.v1

Human Cytomegalovirus Essential Tegument Protein pp150 is Amenable to Targeting by Sequence Specific Peptides and ELP-conjugates

Dipanwita Mitra, Mohammad H Hasan, Gene L. Bidwell, III, Ritesh Tandon

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: CMV; herpesviruses; peptide therapy; tegument; nuclear egress

Online: 2 September 2021 (14:42:31 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0038.v1

Broadly Neutralizing Anti- HIV-1 Antibodies Do Not Inhibit HIV-1 Env-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion

Nejat Düzgüneş, Michael Yee, Deborah Chau

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Membrane fusion; gp120; gp41; bnAb; CD4; virus-cell fusion; syncytium formation

Online: 2 September 2021 (12:13:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0542.v1

How Viruses Use the VCP/p97 ATPase Molecular Machine

Poulami Das, Jaquelin P. Dudley

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: VCP; p97; virus replication; ERAD; cellular trafficking; uncoating; egress; antiviral immune response; retrotranslocation

Online: 30 August 2021 (12:06:29 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Emergency FMD Serotype O Vaccines Protect Cattle Against Heterologous Challenge with a Variant Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus from the O/ME-SA/Ind2001 Lineage

Nagendrakumar Balasuramanian Singanallur, Aldo Dekker, Phaedra Eblé, Froukje van Hemert, Klaas Weerdmeester, Jacquelyn J Horsington, Wilna Vosloo

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: foot-and-mouth disease virus; vaccine efficacy; serotype O/ME-SA/Ind2001 variant; heterologous challenge; cattle

Online: 23 August 2021 (14:17:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0341.v1

Feline Calicivirus Virulent Systemic Disease: Clinical Epidemiology, Analysis of Viral Isolates and in vitro Efficacy of Novel Antivirals in Australian Outbreaks

Matteo Bordicchia, Tulio Machado Fumian, Kate Van Brussel, Alice G. Russo, Maura Carrai, Shi-jia Le, Patricia A. Pesavento, Edward C. Holmes, Vito Martella, Peter White, Julia A. Beatty, Mang Shi, Vanessa R. Barrs

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Caliciviridae; Vesivirus; Nitazoxanide; 2’-C-methylcytidine; NITD-008; cats

Online: 16 August 2021 (13:50:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0195.v1

Nanopore Assay Reveals Cell-type-dependent Gene Expression of Indiana Vesiculovirus and Differential Host Cell Response

Balázs Kakuk, András Attila Kiss, Gábor Torma, Zsolt Csabai, István Prazsák, Máté Mizik, Klára Megyeri, Dóra Tombácz, Zsolt Boldogkői

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: vesicular stomatitis virus; IVV, transcriptome; nanopore sequencing; long-read sequencing

Online: 9 August 2021 (12:44:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0143.v1

AMDV Vaccine: Challenges and Perspectives

Nathan M. Markarian, Levon Abrahamyan

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: AMDV; Aleutian disease; mink parvovirus; Aleutian mink disease virus; vaccine

Online: 5 August 2021 (11:13:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0565.v1

Targeting Tat-TAR RNA Interaction for HIV-1 Inhibition

Awadh Alanazi, Andrey Ivanov, Namita Kumari, Xionghao Lin, Songping Wang, Dmytro Kovalskyy, Sergei Nekhai

Subject: Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: HIV-1 transcription; HIV-1 Tat; TAR RNA; small molecule inhibitors

Online: 23 June 2021 (11:04:21 CEST)

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