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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0457.v1

Timoshenko Beam Theory Exact Solution For Bending, Second-Order Analysis, and Stability

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; Moment shear force curvature equation; Closed-form solutions; Stability; Second-order element stiffness matrix

Online: 17 November 2020 (14:55:23 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

An Overview of Imaging Lidar Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles

Santiago Royo, Maria Ballesta

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: lidar, ladar, time of flight, 3D imaging, point cloud, MEMS, scanners, photodetectors, lasers, autonomous vehicles, self-driving car

Online: 8 August 2019 (12:23:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0359.v1

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction & Loyalty in Online Food Delivery Service during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Developing Country: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Yogi Tri Prasetyo, Hans Tanto, Martinus Mariyanto, Christopher Hanjaya, Satria Fadil Persada, Bobby Ardiansyah Miraja, A.A.N. Perwira Redi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: food delivery; customer satisfaction; new normal; COVID-19; theory of planned behavior

Online: 17 February 2021 (09:56:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0383.v1

Future of Construction Industry: COVID-19 and Its Implications on Construction Projects and Risk Management – A Review

Kushal Adhikari, Lochana Poudyal

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; construction project; risk management; use of technology; recovery and resilience

Online: 14 April 2021 (14:12:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0312.v1

Failure Analysis in Lithium-Ion Battery Production with FMEA-Based Large-Scale Bayesian Network

Michael Kirchhof, Klaus Haas, Thomas Kornas, Sebastian Thiede, Mario Hirz, Christoph Herrmann

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Bayesian Network; Root Cause Analysis; Failure Mode and Effect Analysis; Lithium-Ion 15 Battery Cell; Failure Propagation; Multi-Stage Production; Manufacturing Process; Process Optimization; Scrap Rate

Online: 14 December 2020 (09:31:30 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0179.v1

Practical Implementation of Molecular Dynamics Code for Beginners Using Python

Sumith Yesudasan

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Python; Molecular Dynamics; Scientific Computing; Periodic Boundary Condition

Online: 8 December 2020 (06:47:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0147.v1

The Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in the Construction of Prestressed Concrete Buildings in Ghana

Muhammad Akbar, Kojo Kumah Darkwah, Azka Amin, Pan Huali, Ou Guoqiang, Muhammad Asghar

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Labour productivity; prestressed concrete floors; relative importance index (Smart-PLS. Ghana)

Online: 5 April 2021 (14:31:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0520.v1

Planning and Design Techniques of Tourism Complexes in the Process of the City's Master Planning

Abdol Aziz Shahraki

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Urban planning; land use policy; tourism planning; urban management; tourism complex; master planning

Online: 26 October 2020 (12:00:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0326.v1

Curve Path Detection in Autonomous Vehicle using Deep Learning

Balasriram Kodi, Manimozhi M

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous vehicles, lane detection, curve path detection, convolutional neural networks, deep learning

Online: 24 May 2018 (04:56:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0459.v1

Sensor and Sensor Fusion Technology in Autonomous Vehicles: A Review

De Jong Yeong, Gustavo Velasco-Hernandez, John Barry, Joseph Walsh

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous vehicles; self-driving cars; perception; camera; lidar; radar; sensor fusion; calibration; obstacle detection

Online: 22 February 2021 (11:31:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0423.v1

Assessment of Future Autonomous Vehicle Market Leadership in the US

José Diamantino de Almeida Dourado, Cleveland Maximino Jones, Herlander Costa Alegre da Gama Afonso, Lívia de Moraes Mariano Botelho

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous vehicles; SWOT analysis; 3D object detection; artificial intelligence; market dominance

Online: 21 January 2021 (14:50:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0131.v1

Iron Losses in Electromagnetic Devices: Nonlinear Adaptive MEC & Dynamic Hysteresis Model

Oualid Messal, Frédéric Dubas, Raouf Benlamine, Afef Kedous-Lebouc, Christian Chillet, Christophe Espanet

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Electromagnetic devices; Iron losses; LS model; Magnetic equivalent circuit; Models coupling

Online: 30 January 2017 (08:20:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0175.v1

Motion Sensor Application on Building Lighting Installation for Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Joint Crediting Mechanism

Indra Riyanto, Lestari Margatama, Hakim Hakim, Martini Martini, Dicky Edwin Hindarto

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: greenhouse gasses; carbon reduction; energy efficiency; motion sensor; automatic light switch

Online: 13 April 2018 (07:40:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0053.v1

A Novel Anti-Lock Braking System for Electric Vehicles

Chia-Hung Tu, Chun-Liang Lin, Meng-Yao Yang, En-Ping Chen

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: electrical vehicle; anti-lock braking system (ABS); regenerative brake; control

Online: 5 August 2016 (09:49:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0188.v1

A Review on Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Shivani Chauhan, Rachna Singh

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: power conversion efficiency (PCE); perovskite/silicon; 2T; 3T; 4T

Online: 10 May 2021 (13:12:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0506.v1

Darknet on OpenCL: A Multi-platform Tool for Object Detection and Classification

Piotr Sowa, Jacek Izydorczyk

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: neural network; object detection; object classification; Darknet; programming.

Online: 22 July 2020 (09:39:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0100.v1

Efficacy Evaluation of Skin Care Products Using PhabrOmeter

Ning Pan, Melissa Lum, Brian Tran

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Assessing efficacy of skin care products; PhabrOmeter; Artificial skin; Changes of skin attributes

Online: 10 January 2019 (14:02:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0181.v1

A Sustainable, Integrated Multi-Level Floating Farm Concept: Singapore Perspective

Rasim Asgarov, David MacLaren, Mohammed Abdul Hannan, Prateek Khandelwal

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Floating farming; sustainable farming; Integrated farming; Multilevel Floating Farm

Online: 4 November 2020 (09:56:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0518.v1

An Experimental Characterization for Injection Quantity of a High-Pressure Fuel Injector in GDI Engines

Wen-Chang Tsai

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: dsPIC30F4011 microchip; injector driving circuit; fuel injection curves; GDI engines

Online: 30 August 2018 (06:02:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0124.v1

Evapotranspiration Estimation with UAVs in Agriculture: A Review

Haoyu Niu, Tiebiao Zhao, Dong Wang, YangQuan Chen

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Clumped canopy; evapotranspiration; Unmanned aerial vehicles; METRIC; remote sensing

Online: 8 July 2019 (14:39:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0158.v1

Variational Mode Decomposition Denoising Combined with the Euclidean Distance for Diesel Engine Vibration Signal

Gang Ren, Jide Jia, Xiangyu Jia, Jiajia Han

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: variational mode decomposition; Euclidean Distance; diesel engine; vibration signal; denoising algorithm

Online: 29 September 2017 (14:53:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0029.v1

An Optimized Energy Management Strategy for Preheating Vehicle-Mounted Li-Ion Batteries at Subzero Temperatures

Tao Zhu, Haitao Min, Yuanbin Yu, Zhongmin Zhao, Tao Xu, Yang Chen, Xinyong Li

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: electric vehicle; battery heat generation; battery degradation; vehicle operation cost; preheating target temperature; heating system

Online: 6 December 2016 (07:46:46 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

BIM to AR Matching Technology of Building Maintenance Platform Using 5G-Based AR

JungHyun Kim, JungYoon Kim

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: 5G; AR/VR; BIM; Building maintenance; matching

Online: 24 May 2021 (07:35:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0457.v3

Timoshenko Beam Theory: Exact Solution for First-Order Analysis, Second-Order Analysis, and Stability Using a Moment-Shear Force-Curvature Relationship

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; moment shear force curvature relationship; closed-form solutions; non-uniform heating; stability; second-order element stiffness matrix; elastic Winkler foundation

Online: 15 July 2021 (10:30:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0034.v1

Peach Flower Monitoring Using Aerial Multispectral Imaging

Ryan Horton, Esteban Cano, Duke Bulanon, Esmaeil Fallahi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: blossoms; digital image processing; machine vision; peaches; unmanned aerial system

Online: 7 November 2016 (05:18:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0140.v1

Effect of Helix Angle on the Performance of Helical Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Unnikrishnan Divakaran, Ajith Ramesh, Akram Mohammad, Ratna Kishore Velamati

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Vertical Axis Wind Turbine; Wind Energy; Helical Blade; CFD

Online: 7 December 2020 (12:00:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0103.v1

Ride Comfort Optimization of In-Wheel-Motor Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Vibration Absorber

Mingchun Liu, Feihong Gu, Yuanzhi Zhang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: in-wheel-motor electric vehicle; ride comfort; improved particle swarm optimization; linear quadratic regulator; fuzzy PID control

Online: 21 September 2017 (12:59:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0040.v1

Comparison of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Performance Using Image Processing

Esteban Cano, Ryan Horton, Chase Liljegren, Duke M. Bulanon

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: agriculture; digital image processing; machine vision; precision agriculture; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Online: 12 October 2016 (10:28:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0555.v1

Review Dry and Non-Contact EEG Electrodes for 2010-2021 Years

Ildar Rakhmatulin, Yajian Gan

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: dry EEG; dry EEG electrode; dry electrode; electroencephalography; non-contact electrode EEG

Online: 23 March 2021 (08:56:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0482.v1

Design and Simulation of Adaptive PID Controller Based on Fuzzy Q-Learning Algorithm for a BLDC Motor

Reza Rouhi Ardeshiri, Nabi Nabiyev, Shahab S. Band, Amir Mosavi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Q-learning; Fuzzy logic; Adaptive controller; BLDC motor

Online: 19 November 2020 (10:09:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0260.v1

Current Status, Scenario, and Prospective of Renewable Energy in Algeria: A Review

Younes Zahraoui, M. Reyasudin Basir Khan, Ibrahim Al Hamrouni, Saad Mekhilef, Mahrous Ahmed

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Algeria; Africa; Renewable Energy; Solar; PENREE

Online: 9 March 2021 (10:50:33 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0023.v1

Low-cost Air Purifier Prototype using a Ventilating Fan and Pump against COVID-19 and Haze Pollution

Arnon Jumlongkul

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: air filtration; air purifier; COVID-19; haze; HEPA filter; particulate matter

Online: 1 April 2021 (13:43:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0194.v1

Performance Evaluation of Drainage System in Shire Endaslasse Town, Northern Ethiopia

Hadush Gebreyohannes, Ahmed Degu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: urban drainage; SWMM5.1; land use; hydraulic performance; Shire Endaslasse

Online: 9 October 2020 (10:26:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0009.v1

Prediction of Vehicle Crashworthiness Parameters Using Piecewise Lumped Parameters and Finite Element Models

Bernard B. Munyazikwiye, Dmitry Vysochinskiy, Mikhail Khadyko, Kjell G. Robbersmyr

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: piecewise lumped parameters; finite element analysis; dynamic crush; acceleration severity index

Online: 3 September 2018 (04:57:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0556.v1

Super-Resolution of Sentinel-2 Images at 10m Resolution without Reference Images

Yunhe Li, Bo Li

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: super-resolution; generative adversarial network; Sentinel-2

Online: 21 April 2021 (08:25:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0501.v1

An Exact Solution to the Free Vibration Analysis of a Uniform Timoshenko Beam Using an Analytical Approach

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; rotary inertia; bending shear curvature natural frequency relationship; spring mass system vibration; closed-form solutions; first-order dynamic stiffness matrix; second-order vibration analysis

Online: 25 January 2021 (14:09:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0252.v1

Timoshenko Beam Theory:First-Order Analysis, Second-Order Analysis, Stability, and Vibration Analysis Using the Finite Difference Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Timoshenko beam; finite difference method; additional points; element stiffness matrix; tapered beam; second-order analysis; vibration analysis; direct time integration method

Online: 11 May 2021 (15:39:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0059.v1

Lightweight Design Solutions in the Automotive Field: Environmental Modelling Based on Fuel Reduction Value Applied to Diesel Turbocharged Vehicles

Massimo Delogu, Francesco Del Pero, Marco Pierini

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: automotive, fuel consumption; Fuel Reduction Value (FRV); Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); light-weighting; vehicle system dynamics

Online: 10 November 2016 (16:45:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0024.v1

A Historical Review of Slope Based SCS Method and its Effect on CN and Runoff Potential Globally

Tauseef Ahmad Ansari, Yashwant B Katpatal, C Rishma

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Slope based SCS Curve Number; Antecedent Moisture Condition; Land Use; Runoff potential; Urban watersheds

Online: 15 October 2020 (15:14:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0025.v1

Establishment of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Equations and Curves Used to Design an Appropriate and Sustainable Hydraulic Structure for Controlling Flood in Nyabugogo Catchment-Rwanda

Nizeyimana Jean Claude, Shanshan Lin, Ndayisenga Fabrice, Gratien Twagirayezu, Junaid Khan, Phyoe Marnn, Ahmed Ali Ahmed Al-Masnay Yousef, Usman Kaku Dawuda, Musaed Abdullah Al-Shaibah Bazel, Ahmed Al-aizari Hussein, Olivier Irumva

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Adequate drainage structures; Rainfall IDF Curve relationship; predicted peak rate of runoff (Qlogy); Gumbel’s Extreme Value Distribution Method.

Online: 1 June 2021 (11:14:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0562.v1

Evaluation and Testing Platform for Automotive LiDAR Sensors

Tiago Gomes, Ricardo Roriz, Luís Cunha, Andreas Ganal, Narciso Soares, Teresa Araújo, João Monteiro

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous driving; LiDAR; perception systems; evaluation and testing

Online: 30 November 2021 (11:44:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0281.v1

Trajectory Optimization in Robotic Applications, Survey of Recent Developments

Eyad Almasri, Mustafa Kemal Uyguroğlu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Robotics; Optimization; Optimal Control (OC); Trajectory planning; Dynamic Transcription methods

Online: 13 May 2021 (10:59:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0139.v2

Multi-Objective Optimization of a Spring Diaphragm Clutch on an Automobile Based on the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II)

Junchao Zhou, Chun Wang, Junjun Zhu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: clutch; diaphragm spring; multi-objective; optimization; NSGA-II

Online: 29 November 2016 (05:02:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0404.v1

A Low-Cost Air Flow Sensor/Transducer for Medical Applications: Design and Experimental Characterization

Jesús Calderón, Carlos Rincón, Bray Agreda, Sebastián Calero, Manuel Bornas, Juan José Jiménez de Cisneros

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: air flow medical sensor; emergency air flow sensor; low-cost air flow sensor; COVID-19

Online: 20 January 2021 (16:14:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0077.v1

Effect of Fuel Injection Strategy on the Carbonaceous Structure Formation and Nanoparticle Emission in a DISI Engine Fuelled with Butanol

Simona Silvia Merola, Adrian Irimescu, Silvana Di Iorio, Bianca Maria Vaglieco

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: spark ignition engine; direct injection; gasoline; butanol; optical investigations; nanoparticle emissions

Online: 9 May 2017 (04:47:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0471.v1

Impact of Battery Energy Storage System and its Converter Characteristics on Voltage Sags

Nhlanhla Mbuli, Sebu Lichaba, Ronald Xezile, Jan-Harm Pretorius

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Battery energy storage system (BESS); method of fault positions; renewable energy; transient stability; voltage sags

Online: 23 October 2020 (08:49:46 CEST)

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Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Internet of Things and Farm Management Information System for Precision Agriculture: A Proof of Concept Circuit, Simulation and Web App

Emmanuel Adetiba, Chiebuka Favour Olumba, Ayodele H. Ifijeh, Etinosa Noma-Osaghae, Joy N. Adetiba, James Ameh, Oluwatosin A. Matthews

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: FMIS; Internet of Things; Precision Agriculture; PoC; UML

Online: 17 March 2021 (19:45:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0023.v1

Development of Laser Scanner for Full Cross-Sectional Deformation Monitoring of Underground Gateroads

Qianlong Yang, Zhenyu Zhang, Xiaoqian Liu, Shuqi Ma

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: laser sensor; deformation monitoring; underground gateroad

Online: 5 June 2017 (05:18:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0303.v1

Advanced Materials and Technologies for Compressor Blades of Small Turbofan Engines

Dmytro Pavlenko, Yaroslav Dvirnyk, Radoslaw Przysowa

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: turbofan; unmanned aerial vehicles; cruise missile; aerial target; axial compressor; blade; titanium alloy; aluminium alloy; titanium aluminide; safety factor

Online: 10 November 2020 (11:20:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0337.v1

Challenges of Fast Charging for Electric Vehicles and the Role of Red Phosphorus as Anode Material: Review

Hong Zhao, Li Wang, Zonghai Chen, Xiangming He

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: fast-charging; electric vehicles; infrastructure; electrode materials; Li-ion batteries

Online: 30 September 2019 (03:29:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0613.v1

Comparative Study of Thermal Comfort Indices: A Melbourne CBD Case Study

Anne WM Ng, Nitin Muttil, Fatma Balany, Bruke Zegeye

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Green Infrastructure (GI); Human Thermal Comfort (HTC); ENVI-met; microclimate; modelling

Online: 24 November 2020 (10:58:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0710.v1

Estimation of Oxygen Cylinder Availability and Classification of Its Types, Suitability Using Machine Learning and Data Analysis

Anurag Sinha

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: covid-19, machine learning, oxygen cylinder.

Online: 27 April 2021 (12:29:28 CEST)

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This is break direction on oxygen sources and conveyance methodologies for COVID-19 treatment. It has been adjusted from WHO and UNICEF's specialized details and direction for oxygen treatment gadgets, which is important for the WHO clinical gadget specialized arrangement, 1 and depends on current information on the circumstance in China and different nations where cases have been distinguished. This direction is proposed for wellbeing office chairmen, clinical leaders, acquisition officials, arranging officials, biomedical architects, foundation engineers and strategy producers. It portrays how to: measure oxygen interest, to distinguish oxygen sources that are accessible, and select suitable flood sources to best react to COVID-19 patients' requirements, particularly in low-and-center pay nations. WHO will refresh these suggestions as new data opens up. Coronavirus pandemic spurred fake interest for oxygen gas chambers for clinical use - both at emergency clinics and inquisitively, for home use by patients. A few patients and surprisingly sound people investigate the conceivable outcomes and likely benefits of utilizing oxygen from chambers for private utilization. Be that as it may, this isn't continuously protected, and sufficient safety measures are to be taken, bombing which there can be fatalities. This paper investigates the significance of keeping up satisfactory degrees of oxygen levels appropriate for human utilization. It advises the clinical use and the advantages and disadvantages of putting away oxygen chambers at home. The investigation likewise addresses lawful and administrative perspectives. The investigation's discoveries can help people settle on an educated choice on the protected use regarding oxygen gas. Further, it cautions on the expanded significance of guidelines and limiting access and use. This paper aims at designing an oxygen level monitoring technique in an oxygen cylinder. The amount of oxygen present inside the oxygen cylinder is very vital information when such cylinder is in use for supply of oxygen to a critical patient. The amount of oxygen present inside the cylinder is measured by the pressure at the outlet nozzle. The pressure is measured using a high precision MEMS Pressure Sensor. The output of the MEMS pressure sensor is voltage of the order milli. An amplifier is used to amplify this milli volt signal. A microcontroller is used in cascade to process the signal and display the pressure of oxygen cylinder.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0113.v1

Limitations and Constraints of Eddy-Current Loss Models for IPM Motors with Fractional-Slot Concentrated Windings

Hui Zhang, Oskar Wallmark

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: automotive applications; concentrated windings; eddy current losses; fractional-slot windings; interior permanent-magnet motors

Online: 16 March 2017 (09:02:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0119.v1

Position Control of a Solenoid Based Linearly Movable Armature System using Robust Control Technique

Mustefa Jibril

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: solenoid; robust control theory; H infinity mixed-sensitivity; Mixed H 2 /H∞

Online: 9 June 2020 (06:24:15 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Causal Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Supply Chains: A Systematic Review

Brenda Cardoso, Luiza Cunha, Adriana Leiras, Paulo Gonçalves, Hugo Yoshizaki, Irineu de Brito Junior, Adriana Leiras, Frederico Pedroso

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: COVID-19; Food Supply Chain; Epidemic; Pandemic, Disruptions

Online: 9 July 2021 (09:37:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0198.v1

Analysis and Application of a Novel Layered Bidirectional Equalizer for Series Connected Battery Strings

Shubiao Wang, Longyun Kang, Wenbiao Li, Xiangwei Guo, Zefeng Wang, Ming Liu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: series connected battery string; layered bidirectional equalizer; power inductor; dynamic adjustment of equalization path

Online: 27 March 2017 (10:41:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0175.v1

Emission Characteristics for a HCCI Diesel Engine with EGR Using Split Injection Methodology

Changhee Lee, Jaewoo Jung, Kihyung Lee

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: HCCI (Homogeneous Charged Compression Ignition); EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation); multiple injections; compression ratio; intake pressure

Online: 29 October 2017 (12:34:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0287.v1

Design and Experiments of Voltage Sensor Based on Electric Field Coupling Principle and Differential Input Structure

Tonghao Zhou, Zhe Zhuang, Xiu Zhou, Xutao Wu, Xiuguang Li, Qing Xiong, Shengchang Ji

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: electric field coupling; differential input structure; non-contact voltage measurement; multi-layer ceramic capacitor; transient response

Online: 13 October 2020 (15:41:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0173.v1

Device for Measuring and Maintaining the Water’s Level in a Tank

Ionut Craiu, Nicolae Fidel, Mihail-Florin Stan, Ramona Chirescu, Florian Ion

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: capacitive level sensor; water level monitoring; maintaining constant water level

Online: 15 April 2019 (12:57:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0128.v3

A Platform with Multiple Head-Mounted Displays for Advanced Training in Modern Driving Schools

Kareem Abdelgawad, Jürgen Gausemeier, Jörg Stöcklein, Michael Grafe, Jan Berssenbrügge, Roman Dumitrescu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: driver assistance systems; autonomous and cooperative driving; driving schools; driving simulators; multiple head-mounted displays; shared virtual environments

Online: 16 October 2017 (13:27:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0361.v1

An Outline of the Basic Theory of Accident Science based on the Safety Science Methodology in Risk Process

Tongyuan Luo, Chao Wu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Accident; Accident connotation; Accident science; New definition of safety; Conceptual model of accident science; Discipline basic construction

Online: 19 October 2020 (09:25:37 CEST)

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In order to establish a new discipline specializing in accident science from the perspective of safety science. Under the guidance of the current research theories and methods of safety science, combined with the research paradigm of humanities and social medicine, this paper puts forward new viewpoints, new theories and new models about accident research. First of all, through literature retrieval, this paper analyzes the relevant research results of accidents at home and abroad, and expounds the existing problems and the basic trend of accident science research. Secondly, it puts forward eight kinds of attribute relations of the accident, and makes clear the characteristics and connotation of the accident. In the study of accident types, a hierarchical classification model based on accident cognition is created for the first time. It also points out the logical relevance of five levels of accident science research and the realistic relevance of three levels. At the same time, according to the thought of science of science, this paper puts forward a new definition of safety under the thinking of accident science and other basic concepts related to safety science, and explains the connotation. In addition, it creates and constructs the basic concept of accident science, establishes the conceptual model of accident science, and points out the “3-4-5” model of accident science research and its connotation. Thirdly, draw lessons from the interdisciplinary paradigm to study the relevant theoretical basis and discipline classification relationship of accident science, and construct the tree of accident science. Finally, the research contents of three main aspects of accident science are summarized. The results show that the research results in this paper not only play a fundamental role in the basic construction of accident science, but also further enrich and perfect the discipline system of safety science, which has a certain theoretical significance.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0029.v1

Entropy Generation Analysis at Mixed MHD Convection in a Square Lid-Driven Cavity Filled With Darcy–Brinkman- Forcheheimer Porous Medium

Rahma Bouabda, Mounir Bouabid, Mourad Magherbi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Mixed MHD convection; porous media; Lid-Driven Cavity; Entropy generation; numerical CVFEM method

Online: 10 October 2016 (09:56:36 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Comparative Analysis of Software Defect PredictionTechniques

Mehreen Sirshar, Hira Mir, Khadija Amir, Laraib Zainab

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: software defect prediction; machine learning approach; integrated approach; Deep Forest

Online: 6 December 2019 (04:25:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0005.v2

An Application-Oriented Design Method for Networked Driving Simulation

Kareem Abdelgawad, Jürgen Gausemeier, Ansgar Trächtler, Sandra Gausemeier, Roman Dumitrescu, Jan Berssenbrügge, Jörg Stöcklein, Michael Grafe

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous and cooperative vehicle systems; connected driving simulators; systems engineering; system of systems; system-level design; application-oriented development

Online: 12 September 2017 (15:32:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0109.v1

Mobility as a Service: A Review on Recent Development and Future Envision

Haoning Xi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Mobility as a Service (MaaS); future envision

Online: 6 January 2021 (11:07:04 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Business Intelligence and Its Big Evolution

Andres Velosa, Gustavo Pabon

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Business Intelligence; Data warehouse; Data Marts; Architecture; Data; Information; cloud; Data Mining; evolution; technologic companies; tools; software

Online: 24 March 2021 (13:06:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0537.v1

Educating Tomorrow’s Workforce for the Fourth Industrial Revolution – The Necessary Breakthrough in Mindset and Culture of the Engineering Profession

Michael Max Bühler, Konrad Nübel, Thorsten Jelinek

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: engineering education; Forth Industrial Revolution; 4IR; skills gap; future of work; e-learning; didactics

Online: 23 July 2021 (10:50:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0481.v1

Experimental Investigation of the Use of Waste Mineral Oils as a Fuel with Organic-based Mn Additive

Bulent Özdalyan, Recep Ç. Orman

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: waste mineral oil; Mn additive; engine performance; emission

Online: 31 May 2018 (13:27:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0078.v1

Exploring the Potential of Camber Control to Improve Vehicles’ Energy Efficiency during Cornering

Peikun Sun, Annika Stensson Trigell, Lars Drugge, Jenny Jerrelind, Mats Jonasson

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Energy saving, cornering, camber, Magic Formula

Online: 9 February 2018 (15:31:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0653.v1

Attention-based YOLOv4 Algorithm in Non-destructive Radiographic Testing for Civic Aviation Maintenance

Zhi-Hao Chen, Jyh-Ching Juang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: CNN, YOLOv4, NDT, Object Detection

Online: 26 April 2021 (10:55:00 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Towards Security-by-design in Automotive Development Process

Seungyeon Jeong, Sooyoung Kang, Seungjoo Kim

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Automotive development; Secure SDLC; Evidence-based standard; ISO/SAE 21434; UNECE cybersecurity regulation

Online: 9 December 2020 (10:59:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0093.v1

A New Visual Attention Model Designed for SAR Images Based on Texture Saliency

Wei Xiong, Yongli Xu, Yafei Lv, Libo Yao

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: SAR image; Visual attention model; Texture Saliency; Feature map; Focus of attention

Online: 13 October 2017 (17:08:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0023.v1

Commonly Used External TAM Variables in Virtual Reality, E-Learning and Agriculture Applications: A Literature Review Using QFD as Organizing Framework

Ivonne Angelica Castiblanco Jimenez, Laura Cepeda Garcia, Maria Grazia Violante, Enrico Vezzetti

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: TAM; e-learning; agriculture; virtual reality; QFD; technology acceptance

Online: 1 October 2020 (15:56:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0599.v1

Mechanical Characterization of Two Blends PP+PA6+EPDM. Part 2. Results of Tensile Tests

George Ghiocel Ojoc, Larisa Chiper Titire, Ana Maria Musteață, Mihail Boțan, George Catalin Cristea, Lorena Deleanu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: polyamide 6, polypropylene, blend, EPDM, mechanical characteristic, energy at break

Online: 22 April 2021 (09:26:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0036.v1

Investments in Braskem Green Polymers: Extraordinary Profits or Decarbonization of the Environment?

Eliana Leal Ferreira Hellvig, Thais H. S Flores-Sahagun

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: carbon credits; green polyethylenes; Braskem; I’m green; BRKM5; patents

Online: 1 December 2020 (15:28:11 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0364.v1

Automated Tracking Systems for the Assessment of Farmed Poultry

Suresh Neethirajan

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Poultry behaviour; target tracking; deep learning; precision livestock farming; poultry production systems.

Online: 16 May 2021 (22:43:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0359.v2

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction & Loyalty in Online Food Delivery Service during COVID-19 Pandemic: Its Relation with Open Innovation

Yogi Tri Prasetyo, Hans Tanto, Martinus Mariyanto, Christopher Hanjaya, Michael Nayat Young, Satria Fadil Persada, Bobby Ardiansyah Miraja, A.A.N. Perwira Redi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: food delivery; customer satisfaction; new normal; COVID-19; theory of planned behavior

Online: 19 February 2021 (10:01:10 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0454.v1

A Comprehensive Review of the Influence of Electric Field on Flame Characteristics

Yin Ma, Tong Li, Jun Yan, Xiaorong Wang, Ji Gao, Zuoyu Sun

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Review; Electric Field; Ionic wind; Electric assisted combustion; Soot emission

Online: 22 October 2020 (09:54:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0216.v1

Diagnosis of Composite Materials in Aircraft Applications–Brief Survey of Recent Literature

Muflih Alhammad, Luca Zanotti Fragonara, Nicolas P Avdelidis

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Failure Diagnosis; Aircraft Applications; Composite Materials; Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques

Online: 5 November 2020 (14:53:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0325.v1

Digital Potentiometers and Digital-to-Analog Converters in Tasks for Tuning Of Active RC-Filters

Nikolay Butyrlagin, Alexey Titov, Dmitriy Kleimenkin, Ilja Pakhomov

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: active RC-filter; digital tuning elements; digital potentiometer; digital-to-analog converter, low-pass filter; band-pass filter; inverting amplifier; voltage regulator

Online: 12 April 2021 (21:22:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0016.v1

Advanced LabVIEW Applications Aimed for the Acquisition, Processing and Classification of the Electroencephalographic Signals Used in a Brain-Computer Interface System

Oana Andreea Rușanu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: brain-computer interface; EEG signal; artificial neural networks, LabVIEW application; features extraction; eye-blinks detection; EEG headset

Online: 1 June 2021 (10:04:49 CEST)

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Preprint DATASET | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0047.v1

Dataset for Eye-Tracking Tasks

Ildar Rakhmatulin

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: eye tracking dataset; gaze tracking dataset; iris tracking dataset; CNN for eye-tracking; neural networks for eye-tracking

Online: 2 December 2020 (08:00:46 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Low-Cost Magnetic Levitation System for Education

Gisela Pujol-Vazquez, Alessandro N. Vargas, Saleh Mobayen, Leonardo Acho

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Magnetic levitating system; Low-cost device; Semi-active control; Education for engineering

Online: 13 April 2021 (13:57:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0455.v1

Implementation of TQM and the Integration of BIM in the Construction Management Sector in Saudi Arabia Validated with Hybridized Emerging Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO)

Mohammad Abazid, Hüseyin Gökçekuş, Tahir Celik

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Total Quality Management; construction projects; Saudi Arabia; Harris-hawks optimization; support vector regression

Online: 17 March 2021 (17:01:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0298.v1

Developing a Digital Twin and Digital Thread Framework for an ‘Industry 4.0’ Shipyard

Toh Yen Pang, Juan D. Pelaez Restrepo, Ben Cheng, Alim Yasin, Hailey Lim, Miro Miletic

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Digital Twin; digital thread; framework; shipyard; industry 4.0

Online: 12 December 2020 (11:53:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0720.v1

Microneedle Arrays for Sampling and Sensing Dermal Interstitial Fluid

Navid Kashaninejad, Ahmed Munaz, Hajar Moghadas, Sharda Yadav, Muhammad Umer, Nam-Trung Nguyen

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: microneedle; microneedle array, interstitial fluid; bio sensing, wearable system; ISF sampling

Online: 30 March 2021 (09:55:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0388.v2

Review on the Integration of Microelectronics for E-Textile

Abdella Ahmmed Simegnaw, Benny Malengier, Gideon K. Rotich, Melkie Getnet Tadesse, Lieva Van Langenhove

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Microelectronics; E-textile; Smart textile; Interconnection; textile-adapted

Online: 21 July 2021 (15:57:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0345.v1

INTERDIGITATED ELECTRODE FOR ELECTRICAL CHACARCTERIZATION OF COMMERCIAL PSEUDO-BINARY BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLENDS

Inocêncio Santos Neto, Christian Carvalho, Gilberto Filho, Cássio Andrade, Allan Barros, João Fonseca Neto, Vicente Paucar, Luciana Alencar, Fernando Silva, Francisco Sinfrônio

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: interdigitated electrodes; pseudo binary biodiesel-diesel blends; impedance.

Online: 12 March 2021 (16:23:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0255.v1

Real-time Vehicle Roll Angle Estimation based on IoT low-cost devices and Neural Networks

Javier Garcia-Guzman, Lisardo Prieto González, Jonatan Pajares Redondo, Mat Max Montalvo Martinez, María Jesús López Boada

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Real-time estimation; IoT; Artificial Neural Network; Vehicle dynamics; Roll angle; low cost devices; Rasbperry Pi 3 Model B, Intel Edison, FANN.

Online: 19 April 2018 (16:29:07 CEST)

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Given the high number of vehicle-crash victims, it has been established as a priority to reduce this figure in the transportation sector. For this reason, many of the recent researches are focused on including control systems in existing vehicles, to improve their stability, comfort and handling. These systems need to know in every moment the behavior of the vehicle (state variables), among others, when the different maneuvers are performed, to actuate by means of the systems in the vehicle (brakes, steering, suspension) and, in this way, to achieve a good behavior. The main problem arises from the lack of ability to directly capture several required dynamic vehicle variables, such as roll angle, from low-cost sensors. Previous studies demonstrate that low-cost sensors can provide data in real-time with the required precision and reliability. Even more, other research works indicate that neural networks are efficient mechanisms to estimate roll angle. Nevertheless, it is necessary to assess that the fusion of data coming from low-cost devices and estimations provided by neural networks can fulfill the reliability and appropriateness requirements for using these technologies to improve overall safety in production vehicles. Because of the increasing of computing power, the reduction of consumption and electric devices size, along with the high variety of communication technologies and networking protocols using Internet have yield to Internet of Things (IoT) development. In order to address this issue, this study has two main goals: 1) Determine the appropriateness and performance of neural networks embedded in low-cost sensors kits to estimate roll angle required to evaluate rollover risk situations. 2) Compare the low-cost control unit devices (Intel Edison and Raspberry Pi 3 Model B), to provide the roll angle estimation with this artificial neural network-based approach. To fulfil these objectives an experimental environment has been set up composed of a van with two set of low-cost kits, one including a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (BNO055 - 37€) and GPS (Mtk3339 - 53€) and the other having an Intel Edison System on Chip linked to a SparkFun 9 Degrees of Freedom module. This experimental environment will be tested in different maneuvers for comparison purposes. Neural networks embedded in low-cost sensor kits provide roll angle estimations very approximated to real values. Even more, Intel Edison and Raspberry Pi 3 Model B have enough computing capabilities to successfully run roll angle estimation based on neural networks to determine rollover risks situation fulfilling real-time operation restrictions stated for this problem.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0045.v1

Improved Wells Turbine Using a Concave Sectional Profile

Reza Valizadeh, Madjid Abbaspour, Mohammad Taeibi Rahni, Mohsen Saffari Pour, Christopher Hulme-Smith

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: wells turbine; oscillating water column; wave energy converter; computational fluid dynamics

Online: 2 October 2020 (14:03:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0483.v1

Monitoring Biomaterials with Light: Review of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing Using two Dimensional Materials

Parsa Yari, Homa Farmani, Ali Farmani, Amir Mosavi

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Optical Biosensor; Plasmonics; Plasmonics sensors; SPR biosensor

Online: 25 January 2021 (11:02:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0099.v1

Comparative Study of Structural Reliability Assessment Methods for Fixed Offshore Structures

E. Mat Soom, M.K. Abu Husain, N.I. Mohd Zaki, N.A. Mukhlas, S.Z.A. Syed Ahmad, N.U. Azman, Gholamhossein Najafian

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: offshore structures; reliability-based design assessment; global ultimate strength assessment; reserve strength ratio; probability of failure

Online: 3 August 2021 (16:19:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0629.v1

Designing an Intuitive Driving Experience in a Digital World

Siav-Kuong KUOCH, Christopher Nowakowski, Katharina Hottelart, Patrice Reilhac, Pierre Escrieut

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: user experience, UX, user interface, user interaction, automotive cockpit design, intuitive driving, driving automation, digitalization, personalization, Valeo Mobius, Valeo MyMobius.

Online: 31 July 2018 (16:18:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0308.v1

Control of Hydraulic Pulse System Based on the PLC and State Machine Programming

Juraj PANCIK, Pavel MAXERA

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: PLC programming, hydraulic pulse system, state machine programming,

Online: 17 September 2018 (12:19:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0217.v1

Analysis of Heat Absorption and Collection Based on Solid Structures Collector

Yan Liu, Wenbin Liu, Qing Gao, Yong Huang, Peizhuo Li, Yongzhen Wang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: solar collection; solid structure; heat absorption analysis; collection heat analysis; reflection spectrum

Online: 8 June 2021 (12:06:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0280.v1

Two-Parameter CFAR Ship Detection Algorithm Based on Rayleigh Distribution in SAR Images

Ruochen Wu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: SAR; Ship detecion; CFAR; Mathematical morphology

Online: 16 December 2021 (15:57:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0342.v1

Energy Scenarios towards Achieving SDG7 and the Interlinkages with Other Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Review

Fatma S. Hafez, Da’u Abba Umar, Y.H. Taufiq Yap, Saad Mekhilef

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Energy; Sustainable Development Goal 7; Sustainable Development Goals; Paris Agreement; 2030 agenda.

Online: 13 April 2021 (10:50:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0049.v1

Metallic Powder Flowability: A Comparison Between Testing Methods and The Effect of Particle Size Distribution

Marchetti Lorenzo, Hulme Christopher

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Flowability; Powder rheometer; Powder characterization

Online: 1 February 2021 (15:08:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0559.v2

Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory: First-Order Analysis, Second-Order Analysis, Stability, and Vibration Analysis Using the Finite Difference Method

Valentin Fogang

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Euler Bernoulli beam; finite difference method; additional points; element stiffness matrix; tapered beam; first-order analysis; second-order analysis; vibration analysis; direct time integration method

Online: 29 March 2021 (17:13:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0460.v1

Autonomous Vision-Based Primary Distribution Systems Porcelain Insulators Inspection Using UAVs

Ehab Ur Rahman, Yihong Zhang, Sohail Ahmad, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Sayed Jobaer

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Primary distribution systems; Transfer learning; YoloV4; Porcelain Insulator detection; UAVs; BRISQUE; LIME; LapSRN; YoloV5

Online: 18 December 2020 (11:54:42 CET)

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The primary distribution systems are comprised of power lines delivering power to utility feeders from substations. The inspection and maintenance of damaged and broken power system insulators are of paramount importance for continuous power supply and public safety. hence, to identify any faults and defects in advance a periodic inspection of power line insulators and other components be ensured beforehand. To automate the process and reduce operational cost and risk Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being extensively utilized. As they present a safer and efficient way to examine the power system insulators and their components without closing the power distribution system ensuring continuous supply to the end-users. To achieve these objectives in this work a novel dataset is designed by capturing real images using UAVs and manually generated images collected to overcome the data insufficiency problem. Deep Laplacian pyramids based super-resolution network is implemented to reconstruct high-resolution training images. To improve the visibility of low light images a low light image enhancement technique is used for the robust exposure correction of the training images. Using computer vision-based object detection techniques to identify faults and classify them according to classes they belong. A different fine-tuning strategy is implemented for fine-tuning the object detection model to increase detection accuracy for the specific faulty insulators. To improve the faults detection several flight path strategies are proposed for efficient inspection. Such strategies overcome the shuttering effect of insulators along with providing a less complex, time, and energy-efficient approach for capturing video stream of the power system components. Performance of different object detection models is presented for selecting the suitable one for fine-tuning on the specific faulty insulator dataset. Our proposed approach gives a less complex and more efficient flight strategy along with better results. For defect detection, our proposed method achieved an F1-score of 0.81 and 0.77 on two different datasets. Our approach is based on real aerial inspection of in-service porcelain insulators by extensive evaluation of several video sequences showing robust faults recognition and diagnostic capabilities. Our approach is demonstrated on data acquired by a drone in Swat Pakistan.