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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0129.v1

Degradation of chemical warfare agent nitrogen mustard using ferrate(VI)

Miroslav Labaška, Miroslav Gál, Tomáš Mackuľak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Chemical warfare agent; decontamination; nitrogen mustard; ferrate(VI)

Online: 2 June 2023 (04:31:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1949.v1

Methamphetamine Induces RIPK3 over Expression and Triggers of Akt-1/GSK3 Signaling Pathway in Amygdala in Postmortem User

Zahra Azimzadeh, Samareh Omidvari, Somayeh Niknazar, Saeed Vafaei-Nezhad, Navid Ahmady Roozbahany, Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar, Foozhan Tahmasebinia, Gholam-Reza Mahmoudiasl, Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh, Shahram Darabi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Methamphetamine; BDNF; CREB; Akt-1; GSK3; Amygdala

Online: 29 May 2023 (02:51:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1245.v1

Flow Cytometry of Oxygen and Oxygen-Related Cellular Stress

Beatriz Jávega, Guadalupe Herrera, Alicia Martínez-Romero, José-Enrique O’Connor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Fluorescence; Image Cytometry; Cytomics; Reactive Oxygen Species; Antioxidants; Oxydative Stress; In Vitro Toxicology

Online: 30 April 2023 (03:08:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1222.v1

Phenylalanine Residues in the Active Site of CYP2E1 Participate in Determining the Binding Orientation and Metabolism-Dependent Genotoxicity of Aromatic Compounds

Keqi Hu, Hongwei Tu, Jiayi Xie, Zongying Yang, Zihuan Li, Yijing Chen, Yungang Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: aromatic compounds; CYP2E1; phenylalanine; molecular simulation; random forest

Online: 29 April 2023 (07:32:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0800.v1

Investigating the Contribution of Major Drug-Metabolising Enzymes to Possum-Specific Fertility Control

Ravneel R. Chand, Mhairi Nimick, Belinda Cridge, Rhonda J. Rosengren

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Brushtail possum; Trichosurus vulpecula; fertility control; and drug-metabolising enzymes (CYP3A and UGT2B)

Online: 23 April 2023 (13:11:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0753.v1

Interaction of Heavy Metal Lead with Gut Microbiota: Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Yousef Tizabi, Samia Bennani, Nacer El Kouhen, Bruk Getachew, Michael Aschner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Lead Toxicity; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Microbiota; Gut-Brain Axis; Probiotics.

Online: 23 April 2023 (03:49:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0674.v1

Hexavalent Chromium Induces Infertility in Rats by Elevating Oxidative Stress, DNA Double-Strand Breaks, Microtubule Disruption, and Aberrant Segregation of Chromosomes in the Metaphase-II Oocytes

Liga Wuri, Robert C Burghardt, Joe A Arosh, Charles R Long, Sakhila K. Banu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: oocyte; oxidative stress; DNA double strand break, hexavalent chromium, RAD51, microtubule, polar body extrusion

Online: 21 April 2023 (05:42:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0254.v1

Discovery of New 2-Phenylamino-3-Acyl-1,4-Naphthoquinones as Inhibitors of Cancer Cells Proliferation. Searching for Intra-cellular Targets Playing a Role in Cancer Cells Survival

Julio Benites, Jaime Adolfo Valderrama, Álvaro Contreras, Cinthya Enríquez, Ricardo Pino-Rios, Osvaldo Yáñez, Pedro Buc Calderon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: cancer cells; quinones; mTOR; antiproliferative activity; molecular descriptors; molecular docking

Online: 12 April 2023 (07:57:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0353.v1

Surface Treatment of Biochar: Methods, Surface Analysis and Potential Applications. A Comprehensive Review

Marlena Gęca, Ahmed M. Khalil, Arvind K. Bhakta, Youssef Snoussi, Piotr Nowicki, Małgorzata Wiśniewska, Mohamed M. Chehimi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: biomass conversion; thermochemical treatment; surface chemical modification; coupling agents; biochar implementation

Online: 20 March 2023 (08:31:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0445.v1

The Cultivation Modality and Barrier Maturity Modulate the Toxicity of Industrial Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Nasal, Buccal, Bronchial, and Alveolar Mucosa Cell-Derived Barrier Models

Helene Stuetz, Eva Ingeborg Reihs, Winfried Neuhaus, Maren Pflueger, Harald Hundsberger, Peter Ertl, Christian Resch, Gerald Bauer, Günter Povoden, Mario Rothbauer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: human mucosa models; nanotoxicology; titanium dioxide; zinc oxide; barrier health; barrier integrity

Online: 25 January 2023 (04:19:16 CET)

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As common industrial by-products, airborne engineered nanomaterials are considered important environmental toxicants to monitor due to their potential health risks to humans and animals. The main uptake routes of airborne nanoparticles are nasal and/or oral inhalation, which are known to enable the transfer of nanomaterials into the blood stream resulting in rapid distribution in the body. Consequently, mucosal barriers present in nose, buccal and lung have been identified and intensively studied as the key tissue barrier to nanoparticle translocation. Despite decades of research, surprisingly little is known about the differences among various mucosa tissue types to tolerate nanoparticle exposures. One limitation in comparing nanotoxicological data sets can be linked to a lack of harmonization and standardization of cell-based assays, where a) different cultivation conditions such as air-liquid interface or submerged cultures, b) varying barrier maturity and c) diverse media substitutes have been used. The current comparative nanotoxicological study therefore aims at analyzing the toxic effects of nanomaterials on four human mucosa barrier models including nasal (RPMI2650), buccal (TR146), alveolar (A549), and bronchial (Calu-3) mucosal cell lines to better understand the modulating effects of tissue maturity, cultivation conditions and tissue type using standard Transwell cultivations at liquid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces. Overall, cell size, confluency, tight junction localization, and cell viability as well as barrier formation using 50% and 100% confluency was monitored using trans-epithelial-electrical resistance (TEER) measurements and Presto Blue assays of immature (e.g. 5 days) and mature (e.g. 22 days) cultures in the presence and absence of corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone. Results of our study show that cellular responses to increasing nanoparticle exposures are highly cell type specific, where bronchial mucosal cell barriers models cultivated under ALI conditions showed less tolerance to acute ZnO nanoparticle exposures. Additionally, stronger toxicities are found using early mucosa barriers compared to later barrier models being maturated under air-liquid cultivation conditions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0206.v1

Human-based New Approach Methodologies in Developmental Toxicity Testing: A Step Ahead from the State-of-the-art with a Feto-placental Organ-on-a-chip Platform

Michaela Luconi, Miguel Angel Sogorb, Udo R. Markert, Emilio Benfenati, Tobias May, Susanne Wolbank, Alessandra Roncaglioni, Astrid Schmidt, Marco Straccia, Sabrina Tait

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: new approach methodologies (NAMs); adverse outcome pathways (AOPs); endocrine disruptors; animal replacement; OECD TG 414

Online: 11 November 2022 (02:00:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0256.v1

Lead Exposure in Infancy and Subsequent Childhood Growth

Shukrullah Ahmadi, Jérémie Botton, Roméo Zoumenou, Pierre Ayotte, Nadine Fievet, Achille Massougbodji, Maroufou Jules Alao, Michel Cot, Philippe Glorennec, Florence Bodeau-Livinec

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Heavy metals; lead exposure; growth outcomes; cohort study

Online: 15 August 2022 (11:22:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0190.v2

Fusarium Culmorum Produces NX-2 Toxin Simultaneously With Deoxynivalenol and 3-Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol or Nivalenol (Submitted to Toxins)

Simon Schiwek, Mohammad Alhussein, Charlotte Rodemann, Tuvshinjargal Budragchaa, Lukas Beule, Andreas von Tiedemann, Petr Karlovsky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: NX-2; NX toxins; Fusarium culmorum; 3-actyl-deoxynivalenol; nivalenol; trichothecenes; chemotype

Online: 20 June 2022 (04:41:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0243.v1

High Pyrethroid Resistance to Deltamethrin and DDT in Major Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.l. from South-Western Nigeria is Probably Driven by Metabolic Resistance Mechanisms

Adedapo O. Adeogun, Ahmed Omotayo, Ayodele Babalola, Tosin Joseph, Oluwakemi Adesalu, Romoke Jimoh, Tolulope Oyeniyi, Samson Awolola, Olusola Ladokun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Insecticide resistance; Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles coluzzii; Cytochrome P450; Gluthathi-one-S-Transferases

Online: 17 June 2022 (03:31:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0190.v1

Fusarium Culmorum Produces NX-2 Toxin Simultaneously With Deoxynivalenol and 3-Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol or Nivalenol (For Submission to Toxins)

Simon Schiwek, Mohammad Alhussein, Charlotte Rodemann, Tuvshinjargal Budragchaa, Lukas Beule, Andreas von Tiedemann, Petr Karlovsky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: NX-2; NX toxins; Fusarium culmorum; 3-actyl-deoxynivalenol; nivalenol; trichothecenes; chemotype

Online: 14 June 2022 (03:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0149.v1

Cytotoxicity of Diphenyltin(IV) Diisopropyl Dithiocarbamate Compound on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells, CCL-119 (CCRF-CEM)

Normah Awang, Nurul Farahana Kamaludin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate; childhood leukemia; antileukemia activity; anticancer potential; inhibitory effects

Online: 11 May 2022 (08:27:20 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0022.v1

Outpatient High-Dose-Rate Mold Brachytherapy for Lower Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A First Report

Ami Takeshita, Hiroaki Shimamoto, Yuka Uchimoto, Tomomi Tsujimoto, Tetsuo Miyamoto, Sven Kreiborg, Sanjay M Mallya, Michio Oda, Takero Hirata, Kazuhiko Ogawa, Hiroya Shiomi, Shumei Murakami

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: gingival cancer; mold brachytherapy; radiation therapy; outpatient

Online: 1 March 2022 (12:44:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0122.v1

Latitudinal Variation in the Toxicity and Sexual Compatibility of Alexandrium catenella Strains From Southern Chile

Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas, Patricio Díaz, Pilar Riobó, Araceli E. Rossignoli, Francisco Rodríguez, Patricia Loures, Ángela M. Baldrich, Daniel Varela, Alondra Sandoval, Rosa I. Figueroa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Dinoflagellate; Saxitoxins; Mating systems; Resting cysts; PSP outbreak; Chilean Patagonia

Online: 5 November 2021 (12:57:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0488.v1

Cell Culture Systems for Assessing Toxicity and Chemotherapeutic Potential of Phytochemical Antioxidants

Peace C. Asuzu, Nicholas Trompeter, Samuel A. Besong, Carlton R. Cooper, Alberta N.A. Aryee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Reactive oxygen species; Medicinal plants; Cancer cell lines; Cytotoxicity

Online: 29 September 2021 (11:11:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0028.v1

Effects of Glyphosate and Their Metabolite AMPA on Aquatic Organisms

Nikola Tresnakova, Alzbeta Stara, Josef Velisek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: toxicity; effect; fish; invertebrate; mussels

Online: 1 September 2021 (15:52:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0589.v1

Protective Effects of Xylopia aethiopica Fruit Ethanol Extract on Cadmium-Induced Inflammation and Dyslipidemia in Male Albino Rats

Peter Folorunsho Ayodele, Dorcas Ibukun Akinloye, Adio Jaimiu Akamo, David Adejare Agboola, Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Medicinal plant; spices; condiment; anti-dyslipidemic effect; Cd toxicity

Online: 26 July 2021 (15:30:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0475.v1

The Duckweed, Lemna minor Modulates Heavy Metal-induced Oxidative Stress in Nile Tilapia

Fagr Kh. Abdel-Gawad, Wagdy K.B. Khalil, Samah M. Bassem, Vikas Kumar, Costantino Parisi, Sara Inglese, Tarek A. Temraz, Hossam F. Nassar, Giulia Guerriero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus; liver; duckweed; Lemna minor; Cu; Zn; Glutathione Peroxidase; GPx; Glutathione-S-Transferase; GST; Superoxide dismutase; SOD; Catalase; CAT; remediation assessment

Online: 20 September 2020 (14:41:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0167.v1

Toxic Effects of Organophosphates Pesticides. A Review

Ayobami Adesiyan, Ayomikun Kade, Kafayat Oladimeji, Kehinde Sowunmi, Gurpreet Kaur

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: Organophosphate Pesticides, Pesticide Toxicology, Human Health, Environment

Online: 6 August 2020 (12:22:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0325.v1

Towards Exploring Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Geobacillus: A Screen for Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System Families in A Thermophilic Genus

Rawana N. Alkhalili, Joel Wallenius, Björn Canbäck

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: AbrB-ParE; c-di-AMP; Geobacillus kaustophilus; Geobacillus thermodenitrificans; Geobacillus thermoleovorans; Geobacillus sp. ZGt-1; GNAT-HTH; (p)ppGpp; MNT-HEPN; XRE-COG2856

Online: 29 October 2019 (09:51:30 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Roles of Detoxification Systems in Response to Mercury in Chromera velia

Abdoallah Sharaf, Roberto De Michele, Ayush Sharma, Safieh Fakhari, Miroslav Obornik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: chromerids; transcriptome; heavy metal; antioxidant enzymes; xenobiotics; phylogenies

Online: 21 September 2019 (09:46:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0188.v1

Epigenetic Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Human Health

Robert Gregory Poston, Ramendra Nath Saha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: polybrominated diphenyl ethers; PBDE; neurodevelopment; epigenetics; DNA methylation; chromatin remodeling; environmental toxins; toxicity

Online: 16 July 2019 (07:25:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0308.v1

Cytotoxicity of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles against Lung Cancer Cell Line (A549): An Application Oriented Perspective

Babita Jha, Kamal Prasad, Anal K. Jha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: gold nanoparticles; green chemistry; Piper betle; Lung cancer cell line (A549); nanomedicine

Online: 25 December 2018 (14:05:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0117.v1

Increasing Cellular Radioresistance by Simultaneous CRISPR/dCas9-Driven Overexpression of XPC and HR23B Genes

Ilya Velegzhaninov, Yana Pylina, Anna Rybak, Dmitry Shadrin, Elena Belykh, Dmitry Klokov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: radioresistance; DNA-damage recognition; CRISPRa; multiplex overexpression

Online: 11 December 2018 (09:27:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0142.v1

Simultaneous Occurrence of Bioactive Compounds (Melatonin, Protocatechuic Acid and Hydroxytyrosol) Increases Their Neuroprotective Effects Against Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Proteotoxicity

Marta Gallardo-Fernández, Ruth Hornedo-Ortega, Ana B Cerezo, Ana M Troncoso, Mª Carmen Garcia-Parrilla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: melatonin, protocatechuic acid, hydroxytyrosol, α-synuclein, toxicity, amyloid aggregation, neurodegeneration, Parkinson´s disease, olive oil, wine

Online: 6 November 2018 (13:09:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0148.v1

Cyanobacterial Toxins of the Laurentian Great Lakes, their Toxicological Effects, and Numerical Limits in Drinking Water

Todd R. Miller, Lucas J. Beversdorf, Chelsea A. Weirich, Sarah L. Bartlett

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: microcystin; saxitoxin; cylindrospermopsin; anatoxin-a; anatoxin-a(S); cyanobacteria; organic anion transporting polypeptide; phosphatase inhibitor; acetylcholinesterase; neurotoxicity; water quality; eutrophication; drinking water

Online: 20 March 2017 (06:17:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0076.v1

Mercury Levels in Human Hair and Farmed Fish near Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin, Peru

Aubrey L. Langeland, Rebecca D. Hardin, Richard L. Neitzel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: mercury; exposure assessment; human health; artisanal and small-scale gold mining

Online: 14 March 2017 (08:40:59 CET)

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Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has been an important source of income for communities in the Madre de Dios River Basin in Peru for hundreds of years. However, in recent decades, the scale of ASGM activities in the region has increased dramatically, and exposures to a variety of occupational and environmental hazards related to ASGM, including mercury, are becoming more widespread. The aims of our study were to: (1) examine patterns in the total hair mercury level of human participants in several communities in the region and compare these results to the 2.2 µg/g total hair mercury level equivalent to the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA)’s Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI); and (2), to measure the mercury levels of paco (Piaractus brachypomus) fish raised in local aquaculture ponds, in order to compare these levels to the EPA Fish Tissue Residue Criterion of 0.3 µg Hg/g fish (wet weight). We collected hair samples from 80 participants in four communities (one control and three where ASGM activities occurred) in the region, and collected 111 samples from fish raised in 24 local aquaculture farms. We then analyzed the samples for total mercury. Total mercury levels in hair were statistically significantly higher in the mining communities than in the control community, and increased with increasing distance away from the Madre de Dios headwaters (as the crow flies), did not differ by sex, and frequently exceeded the reference level. Regression analyses indicated that higher hair mercury levels were associated with residence in ASGM communities. The analysis of paco fish samples found no samples that exceeded the EPA tissue residue criterion. Collectively, these results align with other recent studies showing that ASGM activities are associated with elevated human mercury exposure. The fish farmed through the relatively new process of aquaculture in ASGM areas appeared to have little potential to contribute to human mercury exposure. More research is needed on human health risks associated with ASGM to discern occupational, residential, and nutritional exposure, especially through tracking temporal changes in mercury levels as fish ponds age, and assessing levels in different farmed fish species. Additionally, research is needed to definitively determine that elevated mercury levels in humans and fish result from the elemental mercury from mining, rather than from a different source, such as the mercury released from soil erosion during deforestation events from mining or other activities.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0101.v1

Toxicity and Biodegradability of Solvents: A Comparative Analysis

Asghar Sadeghi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Toxicology Keywords: toxicity; biodegradability; industrial solvents; ionic liquids; freshwater organisms

Online: 19 December 2016 (11:18:39 CET)

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Biology and Life Sciences