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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0028.v1

Determination of Knock-Down Time and Level of Toxicity of Panyawan (Tinospora rumphii L.) Leaf Extract against American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

Joseph Dave Pregoner, Li Deve Flores, Germae Sison, EJ Tampepe, Simon Peter Ombing, Andrian Dominguiano, Sophia Bangal, Angelika Casado, Regina Annabelle Villanueva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Panyawan (Tinospora rumphii); Knock-down time; Experimental; Davao City

Online: 3 May 2020 (07:27:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0306.v1

Compared Anatomy and Histology between Mus musculus Mice (Swiss) and Rattus norvegicus Rats (Wistar)

Giorgio Silva-Santana, Fábio Aguiar-Alves, Licínio Esmeraldo Silva, Maria Lúcia Barreto, Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro Silva, Alexia Gonçalves, Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi, Kátia Calvi Lenzi-Almeida

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: anatomy; histology; mice; Mus musculus; rat; Rattus norvegicus

Online: 27 July 2019 (01:19:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0127.v1

Sex Determining Mechanisms in Bivalves

Sophie Breton, Charlotte Capt, Davide Guerra, Donald Stewart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: sex determination; exual systems; bivalvia; mitochondria

Online: 30 June 2017 (07:28:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0116.v1

Potent Natural Inhibitors of Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase against Hyperglycemia in Vitro and in Vivo

Jirawat Riyaphan, Chien-Hung Jhong, May-Jwan Tsai, Der-Nan Lee, Max K. Leong, Ching-Feng Weng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: In vivo; Alpha-glucosidase; Alpha-amylase; hyperglycemia

Online: 16 March 2017 (09:35:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0743.v1

Efficacy of Non-Halofuginone-Based Strategies to Prevent or Treat Cryptosporidiosis in Bovine Calves: A Systematic Review

Julii Brainard, Charlotte C. Hammer, Kevin Tyler, Paul R. Hunter

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: chemoprophlaxis; calves; cryptosporidiosis; diarrhea; dairy

Online: 31 July 2020 (10:32:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0327.v1

Productive and Reproductive Performances of Indigenous Chicken under Different Rearing System

Peter Idowu, Maliviwe Mpayipheli, Voster Muchenje

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: productive, reproductive, breed, indigenous, traits, chicken

Online: 14 November 2018 (09:12:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0256.v1

Cell Types, Morphology and Evolution of Animal Excretory Organs

Carmen Andrikou, Ludwik Gąsiorowski, Andreas Hejnol

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: cell types; nephridia; excretion; ultrafiltration; development

Online: 21 June 2020 (10:47:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0498.v1

The Retinal Basis of Vertebrate Color Vision

Tom Baden, D. Osorio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: color vision; cone photoreceptors; opponency; retina

Online: 20 November 2018 (11:14:49 CET)

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Vertebrate color vision is evolutionarily ancient. Jawless fish evolved four main spectral types of cone photoreceptor, almost certainly complemented by retinal circuits to process chromatic opponent signals. Subsequent evolution of photoreceptors and visual pigments are now documented for many vertebrate lineages and species, giving insight into evolutionary variation and ecological adaptation of color vision. We look at organization of the photoreceptor mosaic and the functions different types of cone in teleost fish, primates, and birds and reptiles. By comparison less is known about the underlying neural processing. Here we outline the diversity of vertebrate color vision and summarize our understanding of how spectral information picked up by animal photoreceptor arrays is adapted to natural signals. We then turn to the question of how spectral information is processed in the retina. Here, the quite well known and comparatively ‘simple’ system of mammals such as mice and primates reveals some evolutionarily conserved features such as the mammalian Blue^ON system which compares short and long wavelength receptors signals. We then survey our current understanding of the more complex circuits of fish, amphibians, birds and reptiles. Together, these clades make up more than 90% of vertebrate species, yet we know disturbingly little about their neural circuits for colour vision beyond the photoreceptors. Here, long-standing work on goldfish, freshwater turtles and other species is being complemented by new insights gained from the experimentally amendable retina of zebrafish. From this body of work, one thing is clear: The retinal basis of colour vision in non-mammalian vertebrates is substantially richer compared to mammals: Diverse and complex spectral tunings are established at the level of the cone output via horizontal cell feedforward circuits. From here, zebrafish use cone-selective wiring in bipolar cells to set-up color opponent synaptic layers in the inner retina, which in turn lead a large diversity of color-opponent channels for transmission to the brain. However, while we are starting to build an understanding of the richness of spectral properties in some of these species’ retinal neurons, little is known about inner retinal connectivity and cell-type identify. To gain an understanding of their actual circuits, and thus to build a more generalised understanding of the vertebrate retinal basis of color vision, it will be paramount to expand ongoing efforts in deciphering the retinal circuits of non-mammalian models.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0126.v1

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in Pregnant Women of Different Ages in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Atta Ullah, Ali Muhammad Yousafzai, Gul Nabi Khan, Nasir Iqbal, Bashir Ahmad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: anemia; iron deficiency; pregnancy; serum ferritin; mean corpuscular volume (mcv); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); Northern Pakistan

Online: 27 January 2017 (03:46:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0022.v1

Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Wolf Spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae) after Cadmium Exposure

Chang-chun Li, Yong Wang, Guo-yuan Li, Yueli Yun, Yu-jun Dai, Jian Chen, Yu Peng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: P. pseudoannulata; Cadmium; Transcriptome; RT-qPCR

Online: 8 October 2016 (11:07:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0088.v1

Nutrition and Metabolism of Minerals in Fish

Santosh P Lall, Sadasivam J Kaushik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Minerals, Trace elements, Fish, Copper, Iron, Selenium, Manganese, Zinc, Calcium, Phosphous, Magnesium

Online: 3 August 2021 (14:57:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0095.v1

Yield and Milk Quality Parameters at Different Stages of Lactation from a Small Herd of Nguni, Boer and Non-Descript Goats Raised in an Extensive Production System

Emrobowansan M. Idamokoro, Voster Muchenje, Patrick J. Masika

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: indigenous goats; free range; milk production; milk composition

Online: 11 May 2017 (07:52:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0044.v1

Three Decades of Selecting Honey Bees that Survive Infestations by the Parasitic Mite Varroa destructor: Outcomes, Limitations and Strategy

Matthieu Guichard, Vincent Dietemann, Markus Neuditschko, Benjamin Dainat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Apis mellifera; host–parasite relationship; natural selection; resistance; selective breeding; Varroa destructor

Online: 3 March 2020 (11:53:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0178.v1

Pharmacokinetics of Salicylic Acid Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Sheep

Shashwati Mathurkar, Preet Singh, Kavitha Kongara, Paul Chambers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: NSAIDs; salicylic acid; sodium salicylate; HPLC; sheep; pharmacokinetics

Online: 12 June 2018 (09:35:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0150.v1

To Group or Not to Group? Good Practice for Housing Male Laboratory Mice

Sarah Kappel, Penny Hawkins, Michael T. Mendl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: refinement; mouse welfare; mouse husbandry; mouse aggression; male mice; social organisation; group housing; single housing; animal husbandry; animal welfare; animal management

Online: 24 October 2017 (03:29:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0035.v1

Histological and Immunohistochemical Effects of Neuroectodermal Cells Transplantation after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Saleh Al-Karim, Wafaa S. Ramadan, Ghada A. Abdel-Hamid, Fatma Al Qudsi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: neural; stem cells; compressed; spinal cord; injury; regeneration; rat

Online: 2 August 2018 (06:26:46 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0062.v1

Biochemical Compositions of Black Carpenter Ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus

Francis Olawale Abulude, Samuel Dare Fagbayide

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: biochemical composition; carpenter ants; potassium; phytate

Online: 13 March 2017 (08:38:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0025.v1

Proteomic Comparative Analysis of Pregnancy Serum Facilitating Hepatitis E Virus Replication in Hepatoma Cells

Yi Li, Yanhong Bi, Wenhai Yu, Chenchen Yang, Jue Wang, Feiyan Long, Yunlong Li, Fen Huang, Xiuguo Hua

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: hepatitis E virus; proteomic comparative analysis; pregnancy serum

Online: 6 March 2017 (04:59:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0277.v1

Current Perspective of Beta Thalassemia and Its Treatment Strategies

Shaukat Ali , Shumaila Mumtaz, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Tafail Akbar Mughal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: thalassemia; iron overload; chelation therapy; gene therapy; blood transfusion

Online: 25 July 2019 (01:20:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0144.v1

Neuroprotective Effect of Anthocyanin Extract from Lycium ruthenicum Murray in Aβ1–42-induced Rat Model of AD

Xueling Wu, Xiaoxiao Li, Shuang Liang, Yanxia Liu, Xueling Dai, Qiusheng Zheng, Yaxuan Sun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease (AD); amyloid-β1-42(Aβ1–42); Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LRA); neuroprotective effect

Online: 19 May 2017 (06:26:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0038.v1

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Ronan Lordan, Alexandros Tsoupras, Ioannis Zabetakis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: phospholipids; atherosclerosis; inflammation; anti-inflammatory; dairy; marine; meat; egg; nutrition

Online: 6 November 2017 (10:30:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0173.v1

Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Calmodulin from Echinococcus granulosus

Ning Wang, Xiu-Qin Zhong, Xing-Ju Song, Xiao-Bin Gu, Wei-Ming Lai, Yue Xie, Xue-Rong Peng, Guang-You Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus; Calmodulin; Ca2+-binding protein; Immunohistochemical localization; Quantitative RT-PCR

Online: 24 May 2017 (08:07:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0015.v1

Occurrence of Soil Transmitted Helminth Among Pupils of Community Primary Schools in Nkpor and Mgbodohia, Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

LeBari Barine Gboeloh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: prevalence; soil transmitted helminth; Nkpor; Mgbodohia

Online: 2 January 2018 (12:25:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0010.v1

Environmental Tipping Points for Sperm Motility, Fertilization, and Embryonic Development in the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish, Acanthaster cf. solaris

Ciemon Frank Caballes, Morgan S. Pratchett, Maia L. Raymundo, Jairo A. Rivera-Posada

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: fertilization; cleavage; gastrulation; sperm motility; temperature; salinity; pH; Acanthaster outbreaks

Online: 1 December 2016 (11:01:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0008.v1

Ethics of Biohybrid Robotic Jellyfish Modification and Invertebrate Research

Nicole Xu, Olga Lenczewska, Sarah Wieten, Carole Federico, John Dabiri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: ethics; jellyfish; biohybrid robot; modification; enhancement

Online: 1 October 2020 (09:10:35 CEST)

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The ethics of invertebrate research have largely been ignored compared to the consideration of higher order animals, but more recent focus has questioned this trend. Using biohybrid robotic jellyfish as a case study, we examine the ethical considerations of invertebrate work and provide recommendations for future guidelines. This paper starts with an overview of philosophical views of animal ethics, the current state of knowledge for invertebrate pain and nociception, and current ethical guidelines. Next, we delve into the case study and analogous precedents. Specifically, in prior studies, we developed biohybrid robotic jellyfish, which modified live moon jellyfish with microelectronic swim controllers for future applications in ocean monitoring. Although jellyfish possess no central nervous system, pain receptors, or nociceptors, we closely monitored their stress responses, using the precautionary and minimization principles in consideration of the 4Rs: reduction, replacement, refinement, and reproducibility. We also discuss ethical considerations related to our studies and suggest that public opinion of invertebrate research relies heavily on repugnance, including fears of ‘playing God’ or limiting the ‘free will’ of animals. These issues are also examined for prior bioethics cases, such as the RoboRoach, cyborg beetle, ‘microslavery’ of microbes, biohybrid robots incorporating tissues from sea slugs (which are known to possess nociceptors), and other tissue cutting experiments involving soft-bodied invertebrates. However, biohybrid robotic jellyfish pose further ethical questions of potential ecological consequences as ocean monitoring tools, such as the impact of electronic waste in the ocean. To conclude these evaluations, we recommend that publishers require brief ethical statements for invertebrate research, which can include the following: a scientific justification for the research, discussion of the 4Rs, and cost-benefit analysis. We also delineate the need for more research on pain and nociception in invertebrates, which can then be used to revise or validate current research standards. These actions provide a stronger basis for the ethical study of invertebrate species, with implications for individual, species-wide, and ecological impacts on animals, as well as for interdisciplinary studies in science, engineering, and philosophy.

Working Paper ARTICLE

GWAS and post-GWAS to Identification of Genes Associated with Sheep Tail Fat Deposition

Caiye Zhu, Xiaoyu Huang, Mingna Li, Shizhen Qin, Suli Fang, Youji Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS); post-GWAS; sheep; tail fat deposition

Online: 11 June 2019 (10:04:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0206.v1

Building Principles for Constructing a Mammalian Blastocyst Embryo

Peter L. Pfeffer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: lineage determination; patterning; blastomere polarization; compaction; cleavage stages; morula; gene regulatory networks

Online: 13 June 2018 (10:34:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0215.v1

The Biogenetic Law and the Gastraea Theory: From Ernst Haeckel´s Discoveries to Contemporary Views

Georgy S. Levit, Uwe Hoßfeld, Benjamin Naumann, Paul Lukas, Lennart Olsson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: ontogeny; phylogeny; heterochrony; Magosphaera planula

Online: 17 June 2020 (09:59:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0322.v1

Review of the Organismal Biology of Hill Stream Loaches

Jay Willis, Theresa Burt de Perera, Adrian L. R. Thomas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: loaches; suckers; sucker fish; rheophilic

Online: 27 November 2019 (03:33:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0481.v1

Comparative Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibodies in the Characterization of Nematocyst Proteins from Australian Irukandji and Chironex fleckeri Species

Griselda Ávila Soria, Lisa-Ann Gershwin, Kenneth D. Winkel, James N. Burnell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Irukandji syndrome; box jellyfish; CSL antivenom; nematocyst extracts; antigenicity; human sera; human antibodies

Online: 29 August 2018 (05:23:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0141.v1

Risk of Human-to-Wildlife Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Sophie Gryseels, Luc De Bruyn, Ralf Gyselings, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Fabian Leendertz, Herwig Leirs

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: mammals; wildlife; SARS-CoV-2; human-to-wildlife transmission; COVID-19

Online: 8 May 2020 (09:56:01 CEST)

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It has been a long time since the world has experienced a pandemic with such a rapid devastating impact as the current COVID-19 pandemic. The causative agent, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is further unusual in that it appears capable of infecting many different mammal species. As a significant proportion of people worldwide are infected with SARS-CoV-2 and may spread the infection unknowingly before symptoms occur or without any symptoms ever occurring, there is a non-negligible risk of humans spreading SARS-CoV-2 to wildlife, in particular mammals. Because of SARS-CoV-2’s evolutionary origins in bats and reports of humans transmitting the virus to pets and zoo animals, regulations for prevention of human-to-animal transmission have so far focused mostly on these animal groups. Here, we summarize recent studies and reports that show that a wide range of distantly related mammals are likely susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and that susceptibility or resistance to the virus is in general not predictable, or only to some extent, by phylogenetic proximity to known susceptible or resistant hosts. In the absence of solid evidence on the SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility/resistance for each of the >5,500 mammal species, we argue that sanitary precautions should be taken when interacting with any mammal species in the wild. Preventing human-to-wildlife SARS-CoV-2 transmission is important for protecting these (sometimes endangered) animals from disease, but also to avoid establishment of novel SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs in wild animals. The risk of repeated re-infection of humans from such a wildlife reservoir could severely hamper SARS-CoV-2 control efforts. For wildlife fieldworkers interacting directly or indirectly with mammals, we recommend sanitary precautions such as physical distancing, wearing face masks and gloves, and frequent decontamination, which are very similar to regulations currently imposed to prevent transmission among humans.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0009.v1

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) to Petroleum

Christopher Onyemaechi Ezike, Felix Okaliwe Echor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; petroleum; Clarias gariepinus

Online: 2 January 2018 (09:56:53 CET)

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One hundred and twenty (120) fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (mean weight: 0.96 ± 0.1g) were randomly exposed to 4 experimental treatments of petroleum, based on LC₅₀ values (6.4mg/L of crude oil, 8.7mg/L of petrol, 8.0mg/L of kerosene and 7.8mg/L of diesel oil) and replicated thrice, to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in exposed fish for 96 h. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in total (PAHs) between crude oil (97.1 ng/uL) and diesel (97.2 ng/uL) exposed fish and also between petrol (53.2 ng/uL) and kerosene (49.6 ng/uL) exposed fish, but there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in PAH levels of the crude oil/diesel exposed -groups of fish compared to petrol/kerosene exposed -groups of fish (97.1/97.2 and 53.2/49.6 ng/uL). Naphthalene correlated positively to benzo a anthracene (r=0.672, (P < 0.05), benzo b fluoranthene (r=0.681, P < 0.05) and chrysene (r=0.615, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to fluorene. Benzo a anthracene correlated positively to benzo a pyrene (r=0.578, P < 0.05), phenathrene (r=0.685, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to acenaphthene. Fluorene correlated positively to benzo a pyrene (r=0.695, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to chrysene. Chrysene correlated positively to dibenzo a,h, pyrene (r=0.658, P < 0.05) to phenathrene and benzo b fluoranthene (r=0.659, P< 0.05). Indeno 123 cd- pyrene and fluranthene however did not correlate to other PAHs except naphthanene, acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. The level of PAH in fish may translate to the toxicity effect since crude oil and diesel with lower LC₅₀(6.4 and 7.8 mg/L) deposited greater PAH than kerosene and petrol with higher LC₅₀(8.7 and 8.0 mg/L) in fingerlings of C. gariepinus. High risk to cancer disorders may occur in exposed fish to petroleum with high incidence of fluorene , anthracene, pyrene and benz a anthracene which correlated positively to benzo a pyrene which provide some basis for predicting impact of oil spills on fingerling population.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0084.v1

Beneficial Impact and Molecular Mechanism of Bacillus Coagulans on Piglets Intestine

Tao Wu, Yang Lv, Xueni Li, Lin Zhang, Yutao Shi, Linxiao Du, Dan Yi, Hongbo Chen, Shuangshuang Guo, Lei Wang, Di Zhao, Binying Ding, Yongqing Hou, Joshua Gong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Bacillus coagulans; intestinal function; gut microbiota; weaned piglet

Online: 4 May 2018 (05:31:44 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

The Retinal Basis of Vision in Chicken

Marvin Seifert, Tom Baden, Daniel Osorio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Retina; Bird vision; Colour vision

Online: 11 March 2020 (16:00:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0118.v1

Species Delimitation in Sea Anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria): From Traditional Taxonomy to Integrative Approaches

Carlos A. Spano, Cristian B. Canales-Aguirre, Selim S. Musleh, Vreni Häussermann, Daniel Gomez-Uchida

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Cnidaria; Hexacorallia; systematics; taxonomy; evolution

Online: 10 November 2019 (16:39:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0279.v1

In silico tool for predicting and designing Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Peptides

Vinod Kumar, Sumeet Patiyal, Anjali Dhall, Neelam Sharma, Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Blood-Brain Barrier, Penetrating Peptides, Machine learning techniques, Drug delivery, Therapeutic peptides

Online: 10 June 2021 (08:13:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0101.v1

The Utility of Grimace Scales for Practical Pain Assessment in Laboratory Animals

Daniel Mota-Rojas, Adriana Olmos-Hernández, Antonio Verduzco-Mendozab, Elein Hernández, Julio Martínez-Burnes, Alexandra Whittaker

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: facial expressions; pain; grimace scales; mice; rat; rabbit

Online: 4 September 2020 (11:18:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0410.v2

Twin Mammals and COVID-19: Life and Science of the Suspects

Naser A. Anjum

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; COVID-19; bat, pangolin

Online: 30 March 2020 (08:16:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0087.v1

Hypoglycemic Effects in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats of the Phenolic Extract Enriching Ellagic Acid, Kaempferol and Their Derivatives from Mongolian Oak Cups

Peipei Yin, Yu Wang, Lingguang Yang, Jinling Sui, Yujun Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Mongolian oak cups; ethanol crude extract (ECE); ellagic acid- and kaempferol-derivatives; alloxan-induced rats; type 1 diabetes; hypoglycemic effect

Online: 8 April 2018 (08:45:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0409.v1

The Ecological Niche of SARS-CoV-2-like Viruses in Bats, as Inferred from Phylogeographic Analyses of Rhinolophus Species

Alexandre Hassanin, Vuong Tan Tu, Manon Curaudeau, and Gabor Csorba

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: coronavirus; horseshoe bats; reservoir hosts; Indochina; China; herd immunity.

Online: 16 March 2021 (09:39:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0423.v1

mitoMaker: A Pipeline for Automatic Assembly and Annotation of Animal Mitochondria Using Raw NGS Data

Alex Schomaker-Bastos, Francisco Prosdocimi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial genome; genome assembly; genome annotation; next generation sequencing; animal genomics; partial genomics; bioinformatics

Online: 24 August 2018 (03:24:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0679.v1

Prevalence of Sub-clinical Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors at Cow Level in Dairy Farms in Southwestern Part of Bangladesh

Md. Abu Sayeed, Md. Ashikur Rahman, Md. Saiful Bari, Ariful Islam, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Ahasanul Hoque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Sub Clinical Mastitis; prevalence; Surf Field Mastitis Test; Jhenaidah

Online: 28 July 2020 (10:40:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0036.v1

Food Reward and Distance Influence the Foraging Pattern of Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama

Norasmah Basari, Sarah Najiah Ramli, Nur 'Aina Syakirah Mohd Khairi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: foraging activity; food exploitation; sugar nectar concentration; tropical species; meliponiculture; bee farming

Online: 3 July 2018 (11:08:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0009.v1

Applications of the FIV Model to Study HIV Pathogenesis

Craig Miller, Zaid Abdo, Aaron Ericsson, John Elder, Sue VandeWoude

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: feline immunodeficiency virus; FIV; human immunodeficiency virus; HIV; animal models, opportunistic disease, lentiviral pathogenesis; molecular biology

Online: 2 April 2018 (07:54:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0045.v1

Pathway analysis of genes identified through Post-GWAS to understand prostate cancer aetiology

Samaneh Farashi, Thomas Kryza, Jyotsna Batra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Prostate cancer, post-GWAS, functional variants, pathway analysis, upstream analysis, Oncomine

Online: 4 September 2019 (14:13:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0057.v2

Expression and Regulation Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig: Relevance to Xenotransplantation

Zongpei Song, David K. C. Cooper, Zhiming Cai, Lisha Mou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: microRNA; pig; biomarker; xenotransplantation

Online: 7 November 2017 (10:53:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0198.v1

Chromosome Painting in Neotropical Long and Short-Tailed Parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes): Phylogeny and Proposal for a Putative Ancestral Karyotype for Tribe Arini

Ivanete de Oliveira Furo, Rafael Kretschmer, Patricia C. M. O´Brien, Jorge Pereira, Analia del Valle Garnero, Ricardo José Gunski, Malcolm Ferguson-Smith, Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Parrots, Psittaciformes, Psittacidae, Chromosome painting, Phylogeny, Putative Ancestral Karyotype

Online: 9 August 2018 (20:51:32 CEST)

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Most Neotropical Psittacidae have a diploid number of 2n=70, and a dichotomy in chromosome patterns. Long-tailed species have biarmed macrochromosomes, while short - tailed ones have telo/acrocentric macrochromosomes. However, the use of chromosome painting with chicken and white hawk probes has demonstrated that karyotype evolution in Psittacidae includes a high number of inter/intrachromosomal rearrangements. Hence, to determine the phylogeny of Long and Short-Tailed species, and to propose a putative ancestral karyotype for this group, we constructed homology maps of Pyrrhura frontalis (PFR) and Amazona aestiva (AAE) and compared them to other previously analyzed long-tailed species. Chromosomes were analyzed by conventional staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome paints of G. gallus (GGA) and L. albicollis (LAL). Conventional staining showed a karyotype with 2n=70 in both species, with biarmed macrochromosomes in Pyrrhura frontalis and telo/acrocentric chromosomes in Amazona aestiva. Comparison of the results with the putative avian ancestral karyotype (PAK) showed fusions in P. frontalis of PAK1p/PAK4q (PFR1) and PAK6/PAK7 (PFR6) with a paracentric inversion in PFR6. However, in A. aestiva there was only the fusion between PAK6/7 (AAE7) with a paracentric inversion. Hybridizations with LAL probes confirmed these results. The results indicate that PFR retained a more basal karyotype than Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (AHY), Ara macao (AMA) and Ara chloropterus (ACH), because these three species show the fusion PAK8/PAK9 that is not seen in PFR. Hence, we suggest that the ancestral karyotype of species with biarmed chromosomes have the fusions PAK1p/PAK4 and PAK6/PAK7 and, additionally, a pericentric inversion of PAK6/PAK7, while the fusion PAK8/PAK9 would have appeared in the common ancestor of Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Ara macao and Ara chloropterus. However, the species A. aestiva shows a characteristic plesiomorphic trait, since PAK1p/PAK4q and PAK8/9 fusions are absent. Our results base on chromosome rearrangements suggest the classification following the criterium of tail length may no reflect the real phylogenetic history of Neotropical Psittacidae.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0132.v1

Comparative Health-Related Fatty Acid Profiles, Atherogenicity and Desaturase Indices of Marula Seed Cake Products from South Africa and Eswatini

Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla Mthiyane, Arno Hugo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: marula; seed (kernel) cake; fatty acids; fatty acid totals; fatty acid ratios; atherogenicity and desaturase indices

Online: 12 November 2019 (16:25:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0148.v1

Investigation of invitro Antioxidant and invivo Protective Effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Seed Methanol Extracts against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Acute Myelotoxicity, Hemotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Songul Cetik Yildiz, Cumali Keskin, Adnan Ayhanci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: cyclophosphamide; cytoprotective; hepatotoxicity; hematotoxicity; Hypericum triquetrifolium turra.; myelotoxicity; rat

Online: 19 March 2018 (08:53:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0032.v1

Systemic Expression of Galectin Genes in Periparturient Goats

kingsley Ekwemalor, Sarah Adjei-Fremah, Emmanuel Asiamah, Egbogoye Eluka-Okoludoh, Bertha Osei, Mulumebet Worku

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: galectins; goats; periparturient

Online: 3 April 2018 (06:03:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0082.v1

Next Generation of Spontaneously Diabetic Model of ZDSD Rats with Intact Leptin Signaling Develop Cardiac Dysfunction and Compromised Cardiac Reserve

Gao Sun, Guodong Zhang, Van Jackson, Jim Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: obesity, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, echocardiography, ultrasound

Online: 3 May 2018 (16:06:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0201.v1

Risk Factors of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Occurrence in Farms in Reunion, Madagascar and Mayotte Islands, 2016–2017

Noellie Gay, Alexandre Leclaire, Morgane Laval, Guillaume Miltgen, Mael Jego, Stéphane Ramin, Julien Jaubert, Olivier Belmonte, Eric Cardinale

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Indian ocean; livestock; Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae; risk factors; CTX-M; enzymes

Online: 22 January 2018 (12:02:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0253.v1

Chronic Unpredictable Environmental Stress Impair Biochemical and Physiological Homeostatsis: Role in Diabetes Mellitus

Alok Raghav, Jamal Ahmad, Imrana Naseem

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: diabetes mellitus; ROS; carbohydrate metabolism; antioxidants; chronic unpredictable environmental stress

Online: 14 September 2018 (05:20:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0109.v1

Effects of Altered Dietary Fiber on the Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Cecum of Chickens during Different Growth Periods

Baosheng Sun, Linyue Hou, Yu Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: dietary fiber; SCFA; growth period; chickens; gut microbiota; microbiotal diversity; age; cecum

Online: 9 February 2020 (16:24:29 CET)

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Increasing numbers of researchers are interested in the importance of dietary fiber for the gut microbiota, microbiotal metabolite SCFA, energy metabolism and gut health of the host. However, studies have demonstrated that long-term and longitudinal observation may be needed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber better, and few such works have been made in chickens. Therefore, we successively fed low-fiber, high--fiber and low-fiber diets to two breeds of chickens during different growth periods (1—8, 9—20 and 21—50 weeks), aiming to longitudinally observe the long-term effect of altered dietary fiber on the gut microbiota, SCFA and development of cecum of chickens with age. The results showed that the composition and function of the gut microbiota, SCFA and the development of the cecum were different during different periods, which was largly affected by dietary fiber. However, the causes of some effects were different during the different periods. For example, compared with that in low-fiber chickens at 8 weeks, dominant fiber-degradation bacteria such as Bacteroidetes, Alloprevotella and SCFA-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium increased due to a high-fiber diet at 20 weeks, while due to a high feed intake in 50 weeks. Moreover, the concentration of SCFA in 20 weeks was significantly higher than in 8 weeks and 50 weeks, but the causes of this difference were also distinct. It was proposed that a long-term observation was needed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber better on chickens. The metabolite pathways of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters encoded by Firmicutes were enriched in 8 weeks, while a two-component system and β–glucosidase encoded by Bacteroidetes were enriched in 20 and 50 weeks. The trend was the same in two breeds of chickens except for Alloprevotella. In addition, the total content of SCFA in the contents of cecum was also affected by the size of the cecum. Surprisingly, the length of the cecum shortened from 20—50 weeks, maybe due to reduced dietary fiber.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0473.v1

Squirrels and Tribes – A Cultural Analysis From Indian Eastern Himalayas

Hiranmoy Chetia, Murali Krishna Chatakonda, John L. Koprowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Cultural Use; Squirrel; gliding squirrel; tribes; Arunachal Pradesh

Online: 28 September 2021 (13:32:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0294.v1

Effects of Topical Anaesthetic and Buccal Meloxicam Treatments on Concurrent Castration and Dehorning of Beef Calves

Dominique Van der Saag, Peter White, Lachlan Ingram, Jaime Manning, Peter Windsor, Peter Thomson, Sabrina Lomax

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: behaviour; castration; cattle; dehorning; buccal meloxicam; pain; topical anaesthetic; weight gain

Online: 31 January 2018 (13:56:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0003.v1

The Controversial Roles of Resveratrol in Mammalian Reproduction

Rolando Pasquariello, Nicole Verdile, Tiziana A.L. Brevini, Fulvio Gandolfi, Cristiano Boiti, Massimo Zerani, Margherita Maranesi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: polyphenols; reproduction; phytoestrogens; ovary function; sirtuin; testis function; spermatozoa; cryopreservation; sperm quality; oocyte quality

Online: 1 September 2020 (09:55:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0387.v2

Using Fish Models for Assessing the Role of Sociality on the Microbiome: The Next Step for Translational Microbiome Research?

Marta C. Soares, Jo Cable, Monica Lima-Maximino, Caio Maximino, Raquel Xavier

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: behaviour/sociality; cleaner fish; gut-brain axis; poecilids; sticklebacks; zebrafish

Online: 18 February 2019 (15:43:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0009.v1

Effect of Tea Polyphenol on Serum Hormone, Serum Enzyme Activity and Antioxidant-Related Gene Expression in Chinese Yellow Chicken under Heat Stress

Minxuan Yang, Yinglin Lu, Qizhao Zhu, Peng Gao, Xiaolei Xie, Debing Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: tea polyphenol; serum hormone; enzyme activity; immune function, enzyme-related genes

Online: 1 August 2019 (05:18:08 CEST)

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of tea polyphenol （TP） on serum hormone, serum enzyme activity, antioxidant-related and immune-related gene expression of laying hens under heat stress. A total of 288 Chinese yellow chicken (186 days old) were randomly distributed among two treatments, each of which included 6 replicates of 24 hens. Dietary treatments were that the basal diet was supplemented with 200 mg / kg tea polyphenol. The study lasted for 7 weeks, including 1 week of adaptation and 6 weeks of the formal test. The content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total protein (TP) in serum significantly decreased by dietary supplementation with tea polyphenol. Dietary tea polyphenol supplementation improved serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content in treatments compared to the control. However, supplementation of tea polyphenol did not affect the activity of serum catalase (CAT). The results indicated that long-term feeding of tea polyphenols help to increase the amount of hormones (FSH, E2) associated with reproduction in laying hens and thus improve egg production. It also improved the immune function of laying hens in high temperature environments. Adding tea polyphenols to the diet can significantly increase the serum IgG, IgM content of the laying hens and can upregulate the IgA content. Dietary supplementation of tea polyphenols in the laying hens significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (SOD, CAT and GPX1) in the liver. Moreover, the addition of tea polyphenols significantly increased the expression of immune-related genes (Interferon-γ (INF-γ), Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and Interleukin 4 (IL-4)) in the spleen. It is concluded that addition of tea polyphenols has a positive effect on antioxidant activity and immune function of laying hens.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0092.v1

The Effect of Cotton Seed Cake, Lucerne Hay Supplementation on Intake of Maize Stover and Weight Gain by Male Sahiwal Bull

Khurshaid Anwar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: livestock; stover; lucerne; maize; bull; animals; dry matter; protein; cottonseed

Online: 11 May 2017 (05:04:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0455.v1

Flying-fox Heat Event Response Guidelines SEQ

Tania Bishop, Rachel Lyons

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Flying-fox, disaster management, heat events, heat stress, roost management, physiology, veterinary management.

Online: 24 September 2018 (12:28:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0061.v3

Online Relinquishments of Dogs and Cats in Australia

Susan J. Hazel, Caitlin J. Jenvey, Jonathan Tuke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: relinquishment; dog; cat; online; Australia

Online: 2 February 2018 (07:27:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0057.v1

A Comprehensive Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig

Xiliang Wang, David K.C. Cooper, Zhiming Cai, Lisha Mou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: microRNA; pig; biomarker; xenotransplantation

Online: 14 September 2017 (10:09:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0023.v1

The Effect of 200Gy ⁶⁰Co-γ Radiation on the Body Stress Responses Sensitivity and Reproductive Reaction of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

Xiaoxue Li, Lingyan Luo, Sengodan Karthi, Ke Zhang, Jianjun Luo, Qiongbo Hu, Qunfang Weng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: diamondback moth; 60Co-γ radiation; antioxidant; testis

Online: 2 April 2018 (11:14:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0227.v1

Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010-2017

David Needle, Robert Gibson, Nicholas Hollingshead, Inga Sidor, Nicholas Marra, Derek Rothenheber, Anil Thachil, Bryce Stanhope, Brian Stevens, Julie Ellis, Shelley Spanswick, Maureen Murray, Laura Goodman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: dermatophyte; porcupine; Erethizon, fungus; metagenomics; fungal genetics; molecular diagnostics

Online: 21 August 2019 (12:58:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0198.v1

Local Perceptions on Conservation of Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Réserve Naturelle Communautaire de Dindéfélo, Southeast of Senegal

Mónica Arias, Liliana Pacheco, Déborah Temple, Virginie Lippens, Manel Lopez-Bejar, Xavier Manteca

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: local perceptions; chimpanzees; conservation; natural resources; human-chimpanzees conflict; traditional beliefs

Online: 29 December 2017 (08:00:35 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0453.v1

The History of Domesticated Dogs in the Americas

V. Segura, Madeleine Geiger, Tesla A. Monson, D. Flores, Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Archaeology; Morphology; ancient DNA; feralisation; hybridization; breed; Salish dogs; xoloitzcuintle; Canis; skulls

Online: 20 August 2020 (09:52:56 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0184.v1

Virological Sampling of Inaccessible Wildlife with Drones

Jemma L. Geoghegan, Vanessa Pirotta, Erin Harvey, Alastair Smith, Jan P. Buchmann, Martin Ostrowski, John-Sebastian Eden, Robert Harcourt, Edward C. Holmes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: whale; virome; drone; mammalian host; virosphere

Online: 14 May 2018 (08:25:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0325.v1

Staphylococcus aureus Isolates From Bovine Mastitis in Eight Countries: Genotypes, Detection of Genes Encoding Different Toxins and Other Virulence Genes

Valentina Monistero, Hans Ulrich Graber, Claudia Pollera, Paola Cremonesi, Bianca Castiglioni, Enriqueta Bottini, Alejandro Ceballos-Marquez, Laura Lasso-Rojas, Volker Kroemker, Nicole Wente, Inge-Marie Petzer, Carlos Santisteban, Jeff Runyan, Marcos Veiga Santos, Bruna Gomes Alves, Renata Piccinini, Valerio Bronzo, Mohamed Salah Abbassi, Meriam Ben Said, Paolo Moroni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: mastitis; dairy cow; S. aureus; genotypes; virulence genes

Online: 25 April 2018 (08:04:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0165.v1

Greater Protection against Virulent Infectious Bronchitis Virus Challenge Conferred by Recombinant Baculovirus Co-expressing S1 and N Proteins

Yuan Yuan, Zhi-Peng Zhang, Yi-Ning He, Wen-Sheng Fan, Zhi-Hua Dong, Li-Hua Zhang, Xin-Kuan Sun, Li-Li Song, Tianchao Wei, Mei-Lan Mo, Ping Wei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: infectious bronchitis virus; protection; co-expressing; subunit vaccine; challenge

Online: 10 May 2018 (12:02:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0264.v1

A Review of the Fossil record of Gymnophiona (Tetrapoda; Lissamphibia) with Comments on Its Use to Calibrate Molecular Timetrees

Rodolfo Otávio Santos, Michel Laurin, Hussam Zaher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Amphibians; Caecilians; Fossils; Gymnophiona; Timetree calibration; Vertebrate Paleontology

Online: 21 June 2020 (11:28:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0264.v1

The History of Salpingoeca rosetta as a Model for Reconstructing Animal Origins

David Booth, Nicole King

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: choanoflagellates; multicellularity; animal origins; genome editing; electroporation

Online: 15 September 2021 (14:39:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0731.v1

The Effect of Drotaverine on Gastrointestinal Motility and Heart Rate Variability in Normal, Resting Horses

Alina Anton

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: antispasmodic; heart rate variability; intestinal function; parasympathetic activity

Online: 9 June 2023 (15:50:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0169.v1

“Out of the Can”: A Draft Genome Assembly, Liver Transcriptome and Nutrigenomics of the European Sardine, Sardina pilchardus

André M. Machado, Ole K. Tørresen, Naoki Kabeya, Alvarina Couto, Bent Petersen, Mónica Felício, Paula F. Campos, Elza Fonseca, Narcisa Bandarra, Mónica Lopes-Marques, Renato Ferraz, Raquel Ruivo, Miguel M. Fonseca, Sissel Jentoft, Óscar Monroig, Rute Da Fonseca, L. Filipe C. Castro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: European sardine; draft genome; teleosts; comparative genomics; long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Online: 10 September 2018 (12:37:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0594.v1

Diversity and life-cycle analysis of Pacific Ocean zooplankton by videomicroscopy and DNA barcoding: Crustacea

Peter Bryant, Timothy Arehart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Crustacea; Zooplankton; Plankton; Pacific Ocean; Larvae; DNA barcoding

Online: 24 July 2020 (14:25:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0192.v1

Microbial Patterns in Rumen Are Associated with Gain of Weight in Beef Cattle

Anderson Freitas, Diego David, Beatriz Takagaki, Luiz Fernando Wurdig Roesch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: bacteria; fungi; livestock; microbiome; next generation sequencing

Online: 14 February 2020 (10:32:54 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0465.v1

Predatory Ants: First Report on Direct Evidence of Predation by Dorylus orientalis Westwood, 1885 on Olive Ridley Eggs from India

Sumedha Korgaonkar, Anuja Vartak, Kuppusamy Sivakumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Red ants; Ex-situ; Conservation; Hatchery; Sea turtles; Lepidochelys olivacea

Online: 20 August 2020 (13:20:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0387.v1

Using Fish Models for Assessing the Role of Sociality on the Microbiome: The Next Step for Translational Microbiome Research?

Marta C. Soares, Jo Cable, Monica Lima-Maximino, Caio Maximino, Raquel Xavier

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: behaviour/sociality; cleaner fish; gut-brain axis; poecilids; sticklebacks; zebrafish

Online: 19 September 2018 (14:46:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0282.v1

Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an Aquatic Vector for Pseudomonas Species: Quorum Sensing Association with Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Virulence

Kamelia M. Osman, Állan da Silva Pires, Octávio Luiz Franco, Ahmed Orabi, Amr H.M. Ali, Mohamed Hamada, Feras A. Alzaben, Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini, Ayman Elbehiry

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Nile tilapia; pseudomonas; antibiotic resistance; biofilm formation; virulence genes

Online: 24 November 2019 (14:11:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0138.v1

A Review on Mitigating Fear and Aggression in Dogs and Cats in a Veterinary Setting

Stefanie Riemer, Carmen Heritier, Ines Windschnurer, Christine Arhant, Lydia Pratsch, Nadja Affenzeller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Stress; fear; anxiety; aggression; veterinary visit; low-stress handling; counterconditioning; behaviour modification; anxiolytic medication; psychoactive drugs; dogs; cats

Online: 7 December 2020 (11:33:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0158.v1

Analysis of Risk Factors for Agility Dogs Completing a Dog Walk Agility Exercise

Gemma Anthony, Scott Blake, Roberta Ferro de Godoy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: biomechanics; kinetics; kinematics; angulation; movement

Online: 16 September 2019 (04:08:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0244.v1

Investigating Personality in Polar Bears Using the Concept of Behavioral Instability

Anika Gottschalk, Anne Cathrine Linder, Henriette Lyhne, Marie Gade Langbak, Trine Hammer Jensen, cino pertoldi pertoldi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: asymmetry; ethogram; olfactory stimuli; stereotypy; Ursus maritimus; enrichment; captivity; asymmetric diversity

Online: 19 December 2019 (06:54:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0190.v1

Emerging Role of the Integrated Stress Response upon Viral Infection

Yongshu Wu, Xiaodong Qin, Meera Prajapati, Yijing Li, Zhidong Zhang, Yanmin Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: integrated stress response; eIF2α phosphorylation; unfolded protein response; viral replication; host

Online: 9 July 2020 (12:22:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0354.v1

Biofuel Produced from Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Cattle Manure in Coordination with Black Soldier Fly Larvae Decomposition

Choon Yong Wee, Jung-Jeng Su

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: biogas; black soldier fly; dairy cattle manure; digestate; solid-state anaerobic digestion

Online: 29 December 2018 (05:20:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0439.v1

Factors influencing Local Community Participation in Wildlife Conservation Projects in Northeast India

Sayan Banerjee, Ambika Aiyadurai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Participation; Wildlife; Community–Based Conservation; India; Interaction; Northeast India

Online: 19 July 2020 (20:42:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0234.v1

Mosquitoes as a Potential Vector for the Transmission of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus

John Gould, Jose Valdez, Michelle Stockwell, Simon Clulow, Michael Mahony

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Chytridiomycosis; Amphibian pathogen; Amphibian disease; Culex quinquefasciatus, vector-borne disease

Online: 26 March 2019 (10:01:02 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Effect of Substrate on Growth, Survival and Molting in Juvenile Red Claw, Cherax quadricarinatus

Siti Nor Fatihah, Harman Muhd-Farouk, Nurul Ily Izyan Raduan, Lim Leong-Seng, Mhd Ikhwanuddin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Cherax quadricarinatus; red claw; substrate; survival; growth; molting

Online: 7 September 2020 (09:53:47 CEST)

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The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different substrate on the survival, growth and total number of moulting in juvenile red claw, Cherax quadricarinatus for aquaculture purposes. In the present study, there is a problem in culturing juvenile stage of C. quadricarinatus especially for survival and growth. Thus, a substrate was used to improve the survival and growth of C. quadricarinatus especially for the intensive system due C. quadricarinatus need a large space to survive. C. quadricarinatus with initial body weight from 1.10 to 2.90 g, total length 2.82 to 4.36 cm were placed in tanks (80 L in volume capacity) with 55L in water and there are eight juveniles in each tank. Treatment tanks were introduced with coral as treatment 2 and pipe as treatment 3. While, tank without shelters was set as control (treatment 1). Black nets were installed on top of each for circumventing foreign objects enter the tank and protect from direct sunlight. Besides, C. quadricarinatus were acclimatized for seven days before started the experiment. The experiment was done in duplicate and conducted for 60 days and C. quadricarinatus were fed twice daily (morning and evening) based on 5% of body weight. From the total of two replications, C. quadricarinatus for treatment 2 (coral) were significantly in survival (81.25±8.84%), weight gain (347.36 ±6.04%), specific growth rate (2.50±0.02%), carapace length (32.93 ± 0.93 %) and total number of moulting (55.00±2.93%) compared to other treatments. Besides, the control treatment (treatment 1) has a lower percentage in survival (37.50±8.84%) weight gain (122.60±20.51%) specific growth rate (1.33±0.15%), carapace length (25.84±0.33 %) and total number of molting (29.00±0.71%). As a conclusion, usage of coral as the substrate in the rearing tank showed improvement in survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, carapace length and total number of molting in C. quadricarinatus. The coral can use in rearing tank for increase the growth and survival for a small scale and not for commercial. In addition, in the environmental aspect, the present study showed the benefit of replacing the use of PVC pipes with the natural structure of dead coral.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0594.v2

Diversity and Life-Cycle Analysis of Pacific Ocean Zooplankton by Videomicroscopy and Dna Barcoding: Crustacea

Peter J Bryant, Timothy Arehart

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Crustacea; Zooplankton; Plankton; Pacific Ocean; Larvae; DNA barcoding

Online: 16 April 2021 (11:23:51 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0459.v1

Colonial Life-history: A Major Evolutionary Transition, Involving Modularization of Multicellular Individuals and Heterochrony (Miniaturization and Adultation)

Stefania Gutierrez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: colonial life-history; major evolutionary transition (MET); cooperation; modularity; biological information; heterochrony; tunicate

Online: 20 August 2020 (13:05:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0395.v1

Economic Analysis of P.monodon Post Larvae by-catch in Indian Sundarbans: An Impasse between Livelihood and Conservation

Anjana Ekka, Arun Pandit, Sandhya K.M., Sajina A.M., Suman Kumari, D.K. Biswas, B.K. Das

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: economic analysis; conservation; P.monodon; by-catch; livelihood; seed collector; post larvae collector; coastal aquaculture; Indian Sundarbans

Online: 19 August 2020 (02:53:11 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0184.v2

Virological Sampling of Inaccessible Wildlife with Drones

Jemma L. Geoghegan, Vanessa Pirotta, Erin Harvey, Alastair Smith, Jan P. Buchmann, Martin Ostrowski, John-Sebastian Eden, Robert Harcourt, Edward C. Holmes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: whale; virome; drone; mammalian host; virosphere

Online: 30 May 2018 (07:37:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0122.v1

Supplementing D-Type and L-Type Methionine and Its Precursor Alters the Expression of mRNA, Proteins and Metabolites Involved in Milk Protein Synthesis and Energy Metabolism in Bovine Mammary Cells

S. W. Jeon, Jay Ronel Conejos, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, J. E. Lee, B. S. Lee, J. S. Park, J. O. Moon, J.S. Lee, Hong-Gu Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Methionine, milk protein synthesis, proteome, HMBi

Online: 11 December 2018 (09:45:41 CET)

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing different types of methionine (L and D-type) and its precursor (HMBi) on milk protein synthesis using immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T Cell); D-methionine (D-Met), L-methionine (L-met) and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid I (HMBi), an isopropyl ester of the hydroxy analogue precursor of methionine. The underlying mechanism of milk protein synthesis by adding D- and L-type amino acid as well as HMBi was elucidated through omics analysis to verify the metabolism pathway. Results showed that HMBi group showed the highest beta casein mRNA expression levels compared to D- and L-Met groups and highest medium protein although not different with the L-Met treatment. The observed upregulated (>2 protein expression vs. control) and downregulated (<0.5 protein expression vs. control) proteins in L-Met, D-Met and HMBi treated groups were: 39, 77; 46, 68; and 40, 78, respectively. Interestingly, based on protein pathway analysis, L-Met treated group stimulated the ATP synthesis, PI3 kinase and pyruvate metabolism. On the other hand, the D-Met group stimulated fructose-galactose metabolism, glycolysis pathway, PI3 kinase and pyruvate metabolism. And lastly HMBi-treated group stimulated pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis pathway. Metabolite analysis revealed that L-Met treated group resulted in the increase in 11 metabolites. On the other hand, D-Met treated group showed increase in 7 metabolites and decreased of uridine monophosphate (UMP). HMBi supplementation caused increases of 3 metabolites and decreased of UMP and N-acetyl-L-glutamate Addition of different isoforms of Met stimulated the production of intermediate metabolites for energy production. Addition of L-Met stimulated the production of energy metabolites such as pyruvate, malate, and fumarate, well-known as intermediates of Krebs cycle. On the other hand, HMBi supplementation resulted in increases of energy metabolite glucose 1-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate. Results showed that HMBi-treated group exhibited highest expression of β-casein mRNA expression by stimulating proteins and metabolites as well as protein and metabolic pathways involved in protein and energy synthesis. As a result, HMBi-treated group resulted in highest protein concentration but not significantly different with L-Met. Both the D- and L-isoforms has considerably the same medium protein concentration and β-casein mRNA expression higher than the control. So, D- and L-Met isoforms can be used alternatively without any significant change in protein synthesis efficiency in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0341.v1

Stable Laboratory Culture System for the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Joan Josep Soto-Àngel, Eva-Lena Nordmann, Daniela Sturm, Maria Sachkova, Kevin Pang, Pawel Burkhardt

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Ctenophora; breeding; comb jelly; cultivation; husbandry; protocol; sea walnut

Online: 25 February 2022 (15:26:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0324.v1

Convergent Evolution of Attachment Mechanisms in Aquatic Animals

Jérôme Delroisse, Victor Kang, Anaïd Gouveneaux, Romana Santos, Patrick Flammang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: metazoans; adhesive organs; suction organs; functional morphology; adhesive proteins

Online: 24 March 2022 (07:20:55 CET)

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To resist hydrodynamic forces, two main underwater attachment strategies have evolved multiple times in aquatic animals: glue-like “bioadhesive secretions” and pressure-driven “suction attachment”. In this review, we use a multi-level approach to highlight convergence in underwater attachment mechanisms across four different length-scales (organism, organ, microscopic and molecular). At the organism level, the ability to attach may serve a variety of functions, the most important being: (i) positional maintenance, (ii) locomotion, (iii) feeding, (iv) building, and (v) defense. Aquatic species that use bioadhesive secretions have been identified in 28 metazoan phyla out of the 34 currently described, while suction organs have a more restricted distribution and have been identified in five phyla. Although biological adhesives are highly diverse, it is possible to categorize them into four main types according to the time scale of operation: permanent, temporary, transitory, and instantaneous adhesion. At the organ level some common principles have evolved independently in different biological lineages: for example, animals with single-unit attachment organs can be distinguished from those with multi-unit organs. Fundamental design elements can also be recognized for both types of attachment mechanisms. Suction attachment systems comprise a circular or elliptical attachment disc, a sealing rim to prevent leakage and a mechanism to lower the internal pressure. Bioadhesive-producing organs, on the other hand, usually contain a glandular tissue associated with connective tissues or other types of load-bearing support structures and muscles that facilitate locomotion or mechanical detachment. At the microscopic level, similar designs and organizations appear once again to have emerged independently in different phylogenetic lineages. Independent of the taxon and type of adhesion, there are species in which the biosynthesis, packaging and release of adhesive secretions takes place at the level of a single type of secretory cell, whereas in others these secretions are produced by two or more secretory cell types. Duo-gland adhesive systems involved in temporary adhesion present an additional level of complexity as they also exhibit de-adhesive secretory cells. Yet, strikingly similar cellular organizations have been reported in highly disparate species. In the case of biological suction organs, regions of the organ that contact the substratum are highly textured with stiff microstructures. Although clearly non-homologous in different animals, these microstructures are thought to enhance friction on rough surfaces. At the molecular level, proteins are the main organic constituent of adhesive secretions in aquatic animals. We compared the global amino acid compositions of bioadhesives using principal component analysis to show that homologous adhesives from phylogenetically related species cluster together, and there is little overlap between taxonomic groups. However, several non-permanent adhesives are grouped together even though they belong to disparate phyla, indicating convergence in amino acid composition. We also investigated relatedness among individual adhesive proteins using a sequence similarity-based clustering analysis. While many proteins appear taxon-specific, some have clear sequence homologies based on shared protein domains between phylogenetically distant organisms. However, it is highly probable that these domains, which are also present in many non-adhesive proteins, were convergently acquired from ancestral proteins with unrelated general functions. We herein present morphological, structural, and molecular convergences between different attachment mechanisms in aquatic animals that likely arose in response to shared functional and selective pressures.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0130.v1

Urban Sloths: Public Knowledge, Opinions and Interactions

Kissia Ferreira Pereira, Robert John Young, Vanner Boere, Ita de Oliveira e Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: brown-throated sloth; human-animal interactions; questionnaire; urban wildlife; Bradypus variegatus

Online: 8 May 2018 (10:53:37 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0283.v1

Assessing the Risks of SARS-CoV-2 in Wildlife

Richard Delahay, Jose de la Fuente, Graham Smith, Khan Sharun, Emma Snary, Luis Flores Giron, Julius Nziza, Anthony Fooks, Sharon Brookes, Fabian Lean, Andrew Breed, Christian Gortazar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; wildlife; host-switching; reservoirs; risk assessment; surveillance

Online: 11 December 2020 (14:16:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0343.v1

Effect of Muntingia Calabura L. Stem Bark Extracts on Uric Acid Concentration and Renal Histopathology in Diabetic Rats

Safrida Safrida, Mustafa Sabri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: uric acid levels; aloxan; diabetic rat; Muntingia calabura L.

Online: 30 September 2019 (08:02:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0087.v1

DPP-4/GLP-1 Axis as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Stress-related Vascular Aging and Atherosclerosis

Ying Wan, Limei Piao, Yongshan Nan, Xian-Wu Cehng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Chronic stress; Vascular senescence; inflamamtion; atherosclerosis; dipeptidyl peptidase-4

Online: 9 January 2020 (13:05:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0200.v1

A Brief Overview: The Persistence and Pandemic of Virulent Newcastle Disease in Birds as Well as Role in Pakistan

Muqadas Baksh, Zafar Ali, Ghafran Ali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Newcastle disease; poultry; Pakistan; vaccine; economic affects

Online: 13 October 2021 (11:59:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0098.v1

1H-NMR metabolite profiles and discriminate analysis of two different kinds of freshwater fish soups before and after in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion

Hongying Du, Yan Xiang, Gaonan Zhang, Huili Liu, Xiaohua Wang, Shanbai Xiong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Freshwater fish; Soup; Metabolites; 1H-NMR; In vitro digestion;

Online: 5 September 2018 (13:00:17 CEST)

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Biology and Life Sciences