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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0508.v1

Finite Element Modeling of A phenomenological Constitutive Model for Super-elastic Shape Memory Alloy and its Application for Preload Process Analysis of Bolted Joint

Xiangjun Jiang, Jin Huang, Yongkun Wang, Fengqun Pan, Baotong Li, Peng Hao

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: SMAs; Super-elasticity; FE implementation; Phase transformation ratcheting; Preload process analysis of bolt

Online: 26 July 2018 (09:45:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0414.v1

Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 2-Hydroxyamides Using a Diphenylacetyl Component as an Acyl Source and a Chiral Acyl-Transfer Catalyst

Takatsugu Murata, Tatsuya Kawanishi, Akihiro Sekiguchi, Keisuke Ono, Kenya Nakata, Isamu Shiina

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Organic Chemistry Keywords: kinetic resolution; 2-hydroxyamide; organocatalysis; Weinreb amide; esterification; carboxylic anhydride

Online: 23 July 2018 (11:16:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0383.v1

On the Very High-Resolution Radar Image Statistics of the Exponential Correlated Rough Surface: Experimental and Numerical Studies

Ming Jin, Kun-Shan Chen, Dengfeng Xie

Subject: Physical Sciences, Applied Physics Keywords: SAR speckle; rough surface scattering; exponential correlation; very high resolution

Online: 20 July 2018 (12:52:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0258.v2

A Multi-Resolution Approach for Audio Classification

Sergey Voronin, Alexander Grushin

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Information Systems Keywords: audio classification; multi-resolution analysis; LSTM; auto-ml

Online: 19 July 2018 (05:53:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0216.v1

Developing Green Super Rice Varieties with High Nutrient Use Efficiency by Phenotypic Selection Under Varied Nutrient Conditions

Zilhas Jewel, Jauhar Ali, Yunlong Pang, Mahender Anumalla, Bart Acero, Jose Hernandez, Jianlong Xu, Zhikang Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: nutrient use efficiency; grain yield; nitrogen, phosphorus; potassium; green super rice; BC breeding

Online: 12 July 2018 (11:05:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0209.v1

UAV Remote Sensing for Biodiversity Monitoring: Are Forest Canopy Gaps Good Covariates?

Martin B. Bagaram, Diego Giuliarelli, Gherardo Chirici, Francesca Giannetti, Anna Barbati

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Unmanned Aerial systems (UAS); , RGB high resolution imagery; forest canopy gaps; understorey; vertical species diversity; microhabitat-bearing trees; contrast split segmentation; drone

Online: 12 July 2018 (05:36:22 CEST)

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Forest canopy gaps are important for the ecosystem dynamics. Depending on tree species, small canopy openings might be also associated to intra-crown porosity and to space between crowns. Yet, little is known on the relationships between the fine-scaled pattern of canopy openings and biodiversity features. This research explored the possibility of i)- mapping forest canopy gaps from a very high resolution orthomosaic (10 cm), processed from a versatile imaging platform such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), ii)- to derive patch metrics that can be tested as covariates of variables of interest for forest biodiversity monitoring. This is attempted in a test area of 240 ha covered by temperate deciduous forest types in Central Italy and containing 50 forest inventory plots of about 530 m². Correlation and linear regression techniques were used to explore relationships between patch metrics and understorey (density, development and species diversity) or forest habitat biodiversity variables (density of micro-habitat bearing trees, vertical species profile, tree species diversity). The results revealed that small openings in the canopy cover (75% smaller than 7 m²) can be faithfully extracted from UAV RGB imagery, using the red band and contrast split segmentation. Highest correlations were observed in the mixed forest (beech and turkey oak), while beech forest had the poorest ones and turkey oak forest displayed intermediate results. Moderate to strong linear relationships were found between gap metrics and understorey variables in mixed forest type, with adjusted R² from linear regression ranging from 0.52 to 0.87. Equally good results, in the same forest types, were observed for forest habitat biodiversity variables (0.52<adjusted R²<0.79) with highest values found for density of trees with microhabitats and vertical species profile. In conclusion, this research highlights that UAV remote sensing can potentially provide covariate surfaces of variables of interest for forest biodiversity monitoring, conventionally collected in forest inventory plots. By integrating the two sources of data, these variables can be mapped over small forest areas with satisfactory levels of accuracy, at a much higher spatial resolution than would be possible by field-based forest inventory solely.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0120.v1

A Data Driven Approach to SAR Data Focusing

Cataldo Guaragnella, Tiziana D'Orazio

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: SAR system; efficient focusing of SAR data; Inverse problem; radar theory; remote sensing; SAR data focusing; phase shifts; satellite trajectory; spatial resolution; synthetic aperture radar; Geometry; Satellites; Ancillary Data; Singular Value Decomposition; Blind deconvolution; Signal Processing; Parameter estimation; Algorithm; Imaging; Phase estimation; Phase compensation; Computational modeling; Image resolution; Synthetic Aperture

Online: 6 July 2018 (15:29:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0423.v1

Multi-Scale Computational Simulation of Amorphous Silicates. Structural, Dielectric and Vibrational Spectroscopic Properties

José Ángel Martínez-González, Javier Navarro-Ruiz, Albert Rimola

Subject: Physical Sciences, Atomic And Molecular Physics Keywords: DFT; periodic simulations; amorphous minerals; physico-chemical properties; super-cell

Online: 26 June 2018 (13:10:49 CEST)

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Silicates are among the most abundant and important inorganic materials, not only in the Earth’s crust but also in the interstellar medium in the form of micro-/nano-particles or embedded in the matrices of comets, meteorites and other asteroidal bodies. Although the crystalline phases of silicates are indeed present in Nature, amorphous forms are also highly abundant. Here we report a theoretical investigation of the structural, dielectric and vibrational properties of the amorphous bulk for forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄) as a silicate test case by a combined approach of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for structure evolution, and periodic quantum mechanical DFT calculations for electronic structure analysis. Using classical MD based on an empirical partial charge rigid ionic model within a melt-quenching scheme at different temperatures performed with the GULP 4.0 code amorphous bulk structures for Mg₂SiO₄ were generated using as initial guess the crystalline phase. This has been done for bulks with three different unit cell sizes adopting a super-cell approach; i.e., 1×1×2, 2×1×2 and 2×2×2. The radial distribution functions indicated a good degree of amorphisation of the structures. Periodic B3LYP-geometry optimizations performed with the CRYSTAL14 code on the generated amorphous systems were used to analyze their structure, to calculate their high frequency dielectric constants (ε_∞), and to simulate the IR, Raman and reflectance spectra, which were compared with the experimental and theoretical crystalline Mg₂SiO₄. The most significant changes of the physico-chemical properties of the amorphous systems compared to the crystalline ones are presented and discussed (e.g., larger deviations in the bond distances and angles, broadening of the IR bands, etc.), which are consistent with their disordered nature. It is also shown that by increasing the unit cell size the bulk structures present larger degree of amorphisation.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0308.v1

Irradiance Variability Quantification and Small-Scale Averaging in Space and Time: A Short Review

Gerald M. Lohmann

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: irradiance variability, high-resolution measurements, increment statistics

Online: 19 June 2018 (17:10:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0257.v1

An Improved Method for Impervious Surface Mapping Incorporating Lidar Data and High-Resolution Imagery at Different Acquisition Times

Hui Luo, Le Wang, Chen Wu, Lei Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: impervious surface mapping; multi-temporal data; change detection; high-resolution imagery; LiDAR; object-based post-classification fusion

Online: 15 June 2018 (14:32:50 CEST)

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Impervious surface mapping with high-resolution remote sensing imagery has attracted increasing interest as it can provide detailed information for urban structure and distribution. Previous studies have suggested that the combination of LiDAR data and high-resolution imagery for impervious surface mapping performs better than using only high-resolution imagery. However, due to the high cost of the acquisition of LiDAR data, it is difficult to obtain the multi-sensor remote sensing data acquired at the same acquisition time for impervious surface mapping. Consequently, real landscape changes between multi-sensor remote sensing data at different acquisition times would lead to the error of misclassification in impervious surface mapping. This issue has mostly been neglected in previous works. Furthermore, the observation differences generated from multi-sensor data, including the problems of misregistration, missing data in LiDAR data, and shadow in high-resolution images would also challenge the final mapping result in the fusion of LiDAR data and high-resolution images. In order to conquer these problems, we propose an improved impervious surface mapping method incorporating both LiDAR data and high-resolution imagery at different acquisition times in consideration of real landscape changes and observation differences. In the proposed method, a multi-sensor change detection by supervised multivariate alteration detection is employed to obtain changed areas and misregistration areas. The no-data areas in the LiDAR data and the shadow areas in the high-resolution imagery are extracted by independent classification yielded by its corresponding single sensor data. Finally, an object-based post-classification fusion is proposed to take advantage of independent classification results with single-sensor data and the joint classification result with stacked multi-sensor data. Experiments covering the study site in Buffalo, NY, USA demonstrate that our method can accurately detect landscape changes and obviously improve the performance of impervious surface mapping.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0300.v1

Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods

Robert A. Lazenby, Ryan J. White

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: SEPM; SECM; SICM; biosensors; high-resolution imaging; ion channels; microelectrode arrays

Online: 23 April 2018 (17:30:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0273.v1

Resolution Enhancement in Phase Microscopy: a Review

Juanjuan Zheng, Vicente Micó, Peng Gao

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: Quantitative phase microscopy; Digital holographic microscopy; lensless microscopy; resolution enhancement; space-bandwidth product

Online: 30 March 2018 (14:09:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0169.v1

Comparing Methods of Rocky Desertification Monitoring at the Sub-pixel Scale in a Highly Heterogeneous Karst Region

Xiangkun Qi, Chunhua Zhang, Kelin Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: rocky desertification; MESMA; high spatial resolution; landscape heterogeneity; topographic effects

Online: 27 February 2018 (03:22:59 CET)

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Karst rocky desertification (KRD) is a process where strong anthropogenic disturbances and exposure of carbonate bedrock occurs in fragile karst ecosystems. The fractional cover of rocky outcrops is a key indicator and mechanistic driver of KRD and can be accurately assessed using remote sensing technology. Nevertheless, rugged karst terrain relief can cause shadow effects on satellite imagery and combine with high heterogeneity of karst landscapes to prevent fractional cover retrievals. In this study, we explored the feasibility of applying multispectral high spatial resolution ALOS imagery for fractional cover extraction of rocky outcrops. We selected the dimidiate pixel model (DPM), which has been applied in previous studies, and spectral mixture analysis (SMA; including simple endmember spectral mixture analysis (SESMA) and multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA)) to explore the feasibility of using remote images for KRD monitoring and improve accuracy for estimating fractions. Results from MESMA achieved high overall accuracy (76.4%) in monitoring percentage of rocky outcrop fraction in the study area. SESMA appears to underestimate percentage of rocky outcrop likely because the development of KRD was driven by complex factors (soil erosion, dissolution and anthropogenic disturbances). This results in spectral reflectance of rocky outcrop being variable in different settings. Predicted exposed bedrock coverage using SESMA and MESMA was similar in sun-lit and shaded areas although predictions from SESMA were smaller than reference data. DPM underestimated the fractional cover of rocky outcrops on south-facing slopes and overestimated it in shaded areas. Furthermore, SESMA and MESMA effectively reduced topographic effects. We conclude that it is better to extract percentage of rocky outcrop using MESMA in the karst region of southwestern China. Remote sensing is emerging as a feasible method to extract surface condition information in heterogeneous and rugged landscapes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0019.v1

A Model of Extracting Building from High Resolution Remote Sensing Image Based on Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks

Xiaoxia Yang , Chengming Zhang, Shuai Gao, Fan Yu, Dejuan Song, Qingdi Wei, Yan Chen, Shouyi Wang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: high resolution remote sensing image; convolutional neural networks; full convolution networks; Bayesian convolutional neural networks; building extraction; conditional probability density function

Online: 3 January 2018 (04:46:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0135.v1

Flood Mitigation Techniques—A New Perspective for the Case Study of Adayar Watershed

Vidyapriya V., Ramalingam M.

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: urban flood; river flood; hydrodynamic model; high resolution dem; flood mitigation measures

Online: 19 December 2017 (10:14:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0154.v1

Disturbance Elimination for Partial Discharge Detection in Spacer of Gas-Insulated Switchgears

Guoming Wang, Gyung-Suk Kil, Hong-Keun Ji , Jong-Hyuk Lee

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: partial discharge; gas-insulated switchgears; spacer; capacitive component; wavelet transform; multi-resolution analysis

Online: 24 October 2017 (04:47:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0152.v1

An Evaluation of the CHIMERE Chemistry Transport Model to Simulate Dust Outbreaks across the North Hemisphere in March 2014

Bertrand Bessagnet, Laurent Menut, Augustin Colette, Florian Couvidat, Mo Dan, Sylvain Mailler, Laurent Létinois, Véronique Pont, Laurence Rouïl

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Dust; High resolution; Particulate matter; Modeling; Air quality; Hemispheric transport

Online: 24 October 2017 (04:27:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0059.v1

Average Generalized Ambiguity Function Analysis for Passive Bistatic SAR Systems Using PSK Modulating Signal

Zhiping Yin, Lei Zhang, Jinbao Xie, Jun Yang, Guangsheng Deng, Zhaoxian Zeng

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: average generalized ambiguity function; passive bistatic SAR; PSK modulating signal; spatial resolution

Online: 10 October 2017 (07:56:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0098.v2

A Conversion Method to Determine Regional Vegetation Cover Factor from Standard Plots based on Large Sample Theory and TM Images: A Case Study in the Eastern Farming-pasture Ecotone of Northern China

Degen Lin, Yuan Gao, Yaoyao Wu, Peijun Shi, Huiming Yang, Jing’ai Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: farming-pasture ecotone; TM image; remote sensing; vegetation cover factor; scale conversion; land use; high resolution image

Online: 21 September 2017 (16:33:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0092.v1

Principal Mismatch Patterns across a Simplified Highly Renewable European Electricity Network

Mads Raunbak, Timo Zeyer, Kun Zhu, Martin Greiner

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: renewable energy networks; principal component analysis; large-scale integration of renewables; wind power; solar power; super grid; energy system design

Online: 20 September 2017 (04:44:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0061.v1

Learning Dual Multi-Scale Manifold Ranking for Semantic Segmentation of High-Resolution Images

Mi Zhang, Xiangyun Hu, Like Zhao, Ye Lv, Min Luo, Shiyan Pang

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: semantic segmentation; deep convolutional neural networks; manifold ranking; single stream optimization; high resolution image

Online: 11 April 2017 (10:27:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0001.v1

A Theoretical Study and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Sensor Based on the Low-Finesse Fabry-Perot Interferometer: Frequency-Division Multiplexing

José Trinidad Guillen Bonilla, Alex Guillén-Bonilla, Rodríguez-Betancourtt Veronica M., Héctor Guillen Bonilla, Antonio Casillas Zamora

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Quasi-distributed sensor; Low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer; Sensor simulation; Frequency-domain multiplexing and resolution vs. signal-to-noise ratio

Online: 3 April 2017 (15:56:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0179.v1

A Novel Range Compression Algorithm for The~Resolution Enhancement in GNSS-SAR

Yu Zheng, Yang Yang, Wu Chen

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: GNSS-SAR; global navigation satellite system; synthetic aperture radar; range compression; range resolution

Online: 23 March 2017 (09:20:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0134.v1

Automatic Object-Oriented, Spectral-Spatial Feature Extraction Driven by Tobler’s First Law of Geography for Very High Resolution Aerial Imagery Classification

Zhiyong Lv, Penglin Zhang, Jón Atli Benediktsson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: spatial-spectral feature; very high spatial resolution image; classification; Tobler’s First Law of Geography

Online: 17 March 2017 (05:06:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0055.v1

Numerical Simulation of Hypervelocity Impact FEM-SPH Algorithm Based on Large Deformation of Material

Aimin Yang, Jinze Li, Hengheng Qu, Yuhang Pan, Yanhong Kang, Yuzhu Zhang

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Analysis Keywords: finite element method; smoothed particle method; fem-sph algorithm; large deformation; super high speed collision

Online: 14 October 2016 (11:05:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0096.v2

Quantum Cosmology vs. Observational Cosmology (A Simple, Curious and Advanced Approach)

U. V. S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: big bang; planck scale Hubble parameter; quantum cosmology; Mach’s principle; holographic principle; observational cosmology; super luminal expansion speed; super luminal rotation speed; dark energy; cosmic rotational kinetic energy; cosmic microwave back

Online: 8 October 2016 (10:26:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0134.v1

The Suitability of the Satellite Metrological Inputs Source on the Hydrological Model in a Small Urban Catchment

Song Song, Youpeng Xu, Jiali Wang, Jinkang Du, Jianxin Zhang, Qiang Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: spatial resolution; interpolation method; CREST model; Qinhuai catchment

Online: 13 August 2016 (04:28:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0120.v1

Large Scale Screening of Southern African Plant Extracts for the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Microtitre-Plate Method

Abdulrahman M. Elbagory, Christopher N. Cupido, Mervin Meyer, Ahmed Hussein

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Other Keywords: green nanotechnology; gold nanoparticles; biosynthesis; high resolution transmission electron microscopy; Cape flora

Online: 11 August 2016 (09:53:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0051.v1

Search for QPOs in the Light Curve of the Blazar OJ287: Preliminary Results from 2015/16 Observing Campaign

S. Zola, M. Valtonen, G. Bhatta, A. Goyal, B. Debski, A. Baran, J. Krzesinski, M. Siwak, S. Ciprini, A. Gopakumar, H. Jermak, K. Nilsson, D. Reichart, K. Matsumoto, K. Sadakane, K. Gazeas, M. Kidger, V. Piirola, F. Alicavus, K.S. Baliyan, A. Berdyugin, D. Boyd, M. Campas Torrent, F. Campos, J. Carrillo Gomez, D.B. Caton, V. Chavushyan, J. Dalessio, D. Dimitrov, M. Drozdz, A. Erdem, A. Escartin Perez, V. Fallah Ramazani, A.V. Filippenko, F. Garcia, F. Gomez Pinilla, M. Gopinathan, J.B. Haislip, J. Harmanen, G. Hurst, K.M. Ivarsen, M. Jelinek, A. Joshi, M. Kagitani, N. Kaur, N. Karaman, W.C. Keel, A.P. LaCluyze, B.C. Lee, E. Lindfors, J. Lozano De Haro, J.P. Moore, R. Naves Nogues, A.W. Neely, R.H. Nelson, W. Ogloza, S. Okano, J.C. Pandey, M. Perri, P. Pihajoki, G. Poyner, J. Provencal, T. Pursimo, A. Raj, R. Reinthal, S. Sadegi, T. Sakanoi, J.-L. Salto Gonzales, T. Schweyer, F.C. Soldan Alfaro, E. Sonbas, I. Steele, J.T. Stocke, J. Strobl, L.O. Takalo, T. Tomov, L. Tremosa Espasa, J.R. Valdes, J. Valero Perez, F. Verrecchia, J.R. Webb, M. Yoneda, M. Zejmo, W. Zheng, J. Telting, J. Saario, T. Reynolds, A. Kvammen, E. Gafton, R. Karjalainen, P. Blay

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: individual (OJ 287); super massive black holes

Online: 18 July 2016 (10:46:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0038.v1

Exploring The Magnetic Field Configuration Close To The Central Engines Using GMVA

Bindu Rani, Thomas Krichbaum, J. Hodgson, Shoko Koyama, Anton J. Zensus, Alan Marscher, Svetlana Jorstad, Lars Fuhramnn

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: active galaxies; BL Lacertae object: BL Lac; jets; GMVA: high-resolution VLBI; magnetic field; polarization

Online: 15 July 2016 (10:06:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0023.v1

Observing---and Imaging---Active Galactic Nuclei with the Event Horizon Telescope

Vincent Fish, Kazunori Akiyama, Katherine Bouman, Andrew Chael, Michael Johnson, Sheperd Doeleman, Lindy Blackburn, John Wardle, William Freeman

Subject: Physical Sciences, Astronomy And Astrophysics Keywords: galaxies: jets---Galaxy: center---techniques: high angular resolution---techniques: image processing---techniques: interferometric

Online: 12 July 2016 (09:41:39 CEST)

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