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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0391.v1

The Determination of Snow Albedo from Satellite Measurements Using Fast Atmospheric Correction Technique

Alexander Kokhanovsky, Jason E. Box, Baptiste Vandecrux, Kenneth Mankoff, Maxim Lamare, Alexander Smirnov, Michael Kern

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: snow characteristics; optical remote sensing; snow albedo; PROMICE; Sentinel 3; OLCI; atmospheric correction; Arctic aerosol

Online: 30 November 2019 (11:23:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0888.v1

Triggering of an Epidemic Outbreak by Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Bio-Aerosols. Application to a Hypothetical Case for COVID-19

Bertrand R. Rowe, J. Brian A. Mitchell, André Canosa, Roland Draxler

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: airborne viruses; epidemic triggering; SARS-CoV2; infectious aerosol transport; long-distance atmospheric transport; epidemic risk assessment

Online: 12 May 2023 (05:11:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0172.v1

Atmospheric CO₂: A Finite Reservoir Model Reproduces ¹⁴C / ¹³C over Two Centuries and Indicates the Fossil-Fuel Anthropogenic Contribution

Stephen Taylor

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CO2 residence-time; CO2 lifetime; carbon cycle; CO2 atmospheric flux; anthropogenic emissions; global warming; climate change

Online: 12 May 2022 (14:24:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0107.v1

On the Redox-Activity and Health-Effects of Atmospheric Primary and Secondary Aerosol: Phenomenology

Francesca Costabile, Stefano Decesari, Roberta Vecchi, Franco Lucarelli, Gabriele Curci, Dario Massabò, Matteo Rinaldi, Maurizio Gualtieri, Emanuela Corsini, Elena Menegola, Silvia Canepari, Lorenzo Massimi, Stefania Argentini, Maurizio Busetto, Gianluca Di Iulio, Luca Di Liberto, Marco Paglione, Igor Petenko, Mara Russo, Angela Marinoni, Gianpietro Casasanta, Sara Valentini, Vera Bernardoni, Federica Crova, Gianluigi Valli, Alice Corina Forello, Fabio Giardi, Silvia Nava, Giulia Pazzi, Paolo Prati, Virginia Vernocchi, Teresa La Torretta, Ettore Petralia, Milena Stracquadanio, Gabriele Zanini, Gloria Melzi, Emma Nozza, Martina Iulini, Donatella Caruso, Lucia Cioffi, Gabriele Imperato, Flavio Giavarini, Maria Battistoni, Francesca Di Renzo, Maria Agostina Frezzini, Cinzia Perrino, Maria Cristina Facchini

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmospheric aerosol; chemical composition; secondary aerosol; source apportionment; ultrafine particles; oxidative potential; exposure; toxicology; forecasting; micrometeorology

Online: 12 April 2022 (09:54:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0185.v1

The Expected Dynamics for the Extreme Wind and Wave Conditions at the Mouths of the Danube River in Connection with the Navigation Hazards

Alina Beatrice Răileanu, Liliana Rusu, Andra Luciana Marcu, Eugen Rusu

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: Sulina channel; Danube mouths; Black Sea; navigation hazards; historical data; climate scenarios; atmospheric models; wave model simulations

Online: 4 March 2024 (15:53:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0432.v1

Multidecadal Trend Analysis of Armenian Mountainous Grassland and Its Relationship to Climate Change Using Multisensor NDVI Time-Series

Vahagn Muradyan, Shushanik Asmaryan, Grigor Ayvazyan, Fabio Dell’Acqua

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: NDVI; climatic factors; mountain grassland; time-lag effects; trends; Landsat; MODIS; BRDF; topographic and atmospheric corrections; Armenia

Online: 25 August 2022 (10:07:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0183.v2

Structural Origin of Magnetotransport Properties in APCVD Deposited Single and Bi-Layer Tin Oxide Thin Films

Krunoslav Juraić, Matija Čulo, Željko Rapljenović, Jasper Rikkert Plaisier, Zdravko Siketić, Luka Pavić, Mario Bohač, Aden Hodzic, Davor Gracin

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Surfaces, Coatings And Films Keywords: tin oxide; thin films; atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition transport properties; magnetoresistance; impedance spectroscopy; charge carrier mobility

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:55:21 CEST)

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Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) with high electrical conductivity and at the same time high transparency in the visible spectrum are an important class of materials widely used in many devices requiring a transparent contact such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells and display screens. Since the improvement of electrical conductivity usually leads to degradation of optical transparency, a fine-tuning sample preparation process and a better understanding of the correlation between structural and transport properties is necessary for optimizing the properties of TCO for use in such devices. Here we report a structural and magnetotransport study of tin oxide (SnO₂), a well-known and commonly used TCO, prepared by a simple and relatively cheap Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition (APCVD) method in the form of thin films deposited on soda-lime glass substrates. The thin films were deposited at two different temperatures (which were previously found to be close to optimum for our setup), 590 °C and 610 °C, and with (doped) or without (undoped) the addition of fluorine dopants. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) revealed the presence of inhomogeneity in the samples, on a bigger scale in form of grains (80–200 nm), and on a smaller scale in form of crystallites (10–25 nm). Charge carrier density and mobility extracted from DC resistivity and Hall effect measurements were in the ranges 1–3 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³ and 10–20 cm²/Vs, which are typical values for SnO₂ films, and show a negligible temperature dependence from room temperature down to -269 °C. Such behaviour is ascribed to grain boundary scattering, with the interior of the grains degenerately doped (i.e., the Fermi level is situated well above the conduction band minimum) and with negligible electrostatic barriers at the grain boundaries (due to high dopant concentration). The observed difference for factor 2 in mobility among the thin-film SnO₂ samples most likely arises due to the difference in the preferred orientation of crystallites (texture coefficient).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0080.v1

MISR-GOES 3D Winds: Implications for Future LEO-GEO and LEO-LEO Winds

James Carr, Dong Wu, Michael Kelly, Jie Gong

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: 3D-Winds, atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs), MISR, GOES-R, planetary boundary layer (PBL), stereo imaging, parallax, CubeSats

Online: 4 October 2018 (14:53:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1937.v1

Extreme Bad Weather, Large Atmospheric Electric Field Fluctuations and Anomalous Changes in the High Voltage Electric Power Network in Thrace, North-East Greece, during the Solar Activity and the Magnetic Superstorm of March 2012

Goergios Anagnostopoulos, Anastasios Karkanis, Athanasios Kampatagis, Panagiotis K. Marhavilas, Sofia-Anna Menesidou, Dimitrios Efthymiadis, Stefanos Keskinis, Dimitar Ouzounov, Nick Hatzigeorgiu, Michael Danikas

Subject: Physical Sciences, Other Keywords: Remote Sensing; Space Weather; Exterme Events; Solar-Terrestrial relationsnsip; Weather prediction; Atmospheric Electric Field; Geomagneticallt induced lectric currents

Online: 26 December 2023 (06:12:57 CET)

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In a recent paper, we extended previous studies on solar-terrestrial relationships by investigating the origin of the March 2012 heatwave in northeast USA. In the present study we check the possible relationship of solar activity with the early March 2012 bad weather in northeast Thrace, Greece. To this end, we examined data from various remote sensing instrumentation monitoring the Sun (SDO satellite), the Interplanetary Space (ACE satellite), the Earth’s magnetosphere (Earth based measurements, NOAA-19 satellite), the top of the clouds (TERRA and AQUA satellites) and the near ground atmosphere. Our comparative data analysis suggests that: (i) the winter-like weather (rainfall, fast winds, decreased temperature) in Thrace started on 6 March 2012, on the same day as the heatwave starting in USA, (ii) during the March 2012 winter-like event in Thrace (6-15 March), the ACE satellite recorded enhanced fluxes of solar energetic particles (SEPs), while SOHO and PAMELA recorded solar protons at very high energies (> 500 MeV), (iii) Thrace experienced particularly intense cyclonic circulation, during periods of magnetic storms on 8 - 10 and 12-13 March, which occurred after the arrival at ACE of two interplanetary shock waves, on March 8 and March 11, respectively, (iv) at the beginning of the two above mentioned periods large atmospheric electric fields were recorded, with values ranging between ~-2000V/m - ~1800V/m on 8 March, (v) the winter-like 8-10 March 2012 weather occurred after the detection of the main SEP event related with a coronal mass ejection released in the interplanetary space as a result of intense solar flare activity observed by SDO on 7 March 2012, (vi) the 8-10 March weather was related with a deep drop of ~630C in the cloud top temperature measured by MODIS/TERRA, which favors strong precipitation. Finally, we analyzed data from the electric power network in Thrace (~410N) and we found, for the first time sudden voltage changes of ~3.5kV in the electric grid in Greece, during the decay phase of the March 2012 superstorm. We discuss the winter-like March 2012 event in Thrace in terms of solar cosmic ray influence on the low troposphere mediated by positive NAO. Finally, we infer that the novel finding of the geomagnetic effects on the electric power grid in Thrace may open a new window into space weather applications research.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0042.v1

Electric State of the Surface Atmosphere in the Mountain-Steppe Landscapes of the Southern Siberia according to Meas-urement Data in the Khakass-Tyva Expedition in 2022

Konstntin Pustovalov, Petr Nagorskiy, Mariya Oglezneva, Artysh Sat, Sergei Smirnov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmospheric electricity; Global Electric Circuit; Carnegie curve; air ions; fair-weather condition; main meteorological quantities; Siberia; mountain landscapes

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:35:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0126.v1

Assessment Methodology for Calculating Environmental Indicators in the Production of Metal Parts based on the Wire and Arc Manufacturing Method (WAAM)

Brunna Mothé Mattos, João da Cruz Payão Filho, Claudinei de Souza Guimarães

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Sustainable Science And Technology Keywords: environmental indicators; wire and arc additive manufacturing; life cycle assessment; atmospheric emission; carbon footprint; energy demand; sustainable development

Online: 2 November 2023 (06:11:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0629.v1

Multiscale Hydro-Meteorological Factors Variations and Its Links to Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Systems in the Source Region of Yangtze River

Jian Tang, Hui-Qun Cao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: hydro-meteorological factors; large-scale atmospheric circulation systems; South Asia monsoon; streamflows; source region of the Yangtze River

Online: 26 October 2018 (11:52:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0178.v1

Bias Correction of Chinese Fengyun-3C Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder Measurements in Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters

Qiurui He, Zhenzhan Wang, Jieying He

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: FY-3C/MWHTS; linear regression correction; neural networks correction; one-dimensional variational algorithm; atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles

Online: 19 August 2016 (09:22:31 CEST)

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The Microwave Humidity and Temperature sounder (MWHTS) on board the Fengyun (FY)-3C satellite measure the outgoing radiance form the Earth surface and atmospheric constituents. MWHTS makes measurements in the isolated oxygen absorption line near 118 GHz and the vicinity of strong water vapor line around 183 GHz, can provide fine vertical distribution structure of both atmospheric humidity and temperature. However, in order to obtain the accurate soundings of humidity and temperature by the physical retrieval method, bias between the observed radiance and those simulated by radiative transfer model from the background or first guess profiles must be correct. In this study, two bias correction methods are developed through the correlation analysis between MWHTS measurements and air mass identified by the first guess profiles of the physical inversion, one is the linear regression correction (LRC) and the other is neural networks correction (NNC), representing the linear and nonlinear nature between MWHTS measurements and air mass, respectively. Both correction methods have been applied to MWHTS observed brightness temperatures over the geographic area (180° W-180° E, 60° S-60° N). The corrected results are evaluated by the probability density function of the difference between corrected observations and simulated values and the root mean square error (RMSE) with respect to simulated observations. The numerical results show that the NNC method perform better, especially in MWHTS channels 1 and 7-9 whose peak weight function heights are close to the surface. In order to assess the effects of bias correction methods proposed in this study on the retrieval accuracy, a one-dimensional variational system was built and applied to the MWHTS uncorrected and corrected brightness temperatures to estimated atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, The retrieval results show that the NNC has better performance which is to be expected. An indication of the stability and robustness of NNC method is given which suggests that the NNC method has promising application perspectives in the physical retrieval.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1764.v2

Urban Heat and Cool Island and Local Climate Zones in Balneário Camboriú, Brazil: Magnitudes in a Winter Period

Aline Nunes da Silva, Cassio Arthur Wollmann, Amanda Comassetto Iensse, Ismael Luiz Hoppe, Otavio de Freitas Baumhardt, Luana Writzl, Iago Turba Costa, João Paulo Assis Gobo, Emerson Galvani, Andreas Matzarakis

Subject: Geography, Environmental And Earth Sciences Keywords: urban heat island; urban cool island; local climate zones; winter period; magnitude; atmospheric circulation; Balneá; rio Camboriú; ; verticalization; coastal cities

Online: 22 April 2024 (10:18:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1254.v1

Operation of the Worldwide Lightning Location Network over Spain

Enrique A. Navarro, Enrique Navarro-Modesto, Jaume Segura-Garcia, Jesus Lopez-Ballester, Jorge A. Portí

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Lightning; Geolocation; WWLLN; Global Lightning Geolocation; Detection Efficiency; Terrestrial Monitoring Sensors; Atmospheric Electricity; Detection Efficiency of WWLLN in Iberia

Online: 30 April 2023 (04:10:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0273.v1

Performance Analysis of Optical Spatial Modulation in Atmospheric Turbulence Channel

Hammed G. Olanrewaju, John Thompson, Wasiu O. Popoola

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: optical communications; optical spatial modulation; free-space optical communication; multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems; pulse position modulation; atmospheric turbulence

Online: 12 November 2018 (09:26:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0149.v1

Multispectral Pansharpening with Radiative Transfer-Based Detail-Injection Modeling for Preserving Changes in Vegetation Cover

Andrea Garzelli, Bruno Aiazzi, Luciano Alparone, Simone Lolli , Gemine Vivone

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Atmospheric path-radiance; change analysis; detail injection modeling; haze; data fusion; normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI); pan-sharpening; radiative transfer; vegetation.

Online: 9 May 2018 (15:11:25 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0078.v1

Fundamentals of Climatology for Engineers

Shiblu Sarker

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Climate and Weather; Climate Model; Heat Transport; Radiation Balance; Atmospheric circulation; sea surface temperature; Planetary boundary layer; El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

Online: 6 June 2022 (09:38:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0535.v1

Source Contributions to Ozone Formation in the New South Wales Greater Metropolitan Region, Australia

Hiep Nguyen Duc, Lisa T.-C. Chang, Toan Trieu, David Salter, Yvonne Scorgie

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: ozone; greater metropolitan region of Sydney; source contribution; source attribution; air quality model; Cubic Conformal Atmospheric Model (CCAM); Chemical Transport Model (CTM)

Online: 27 September 2018 (06:17:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1275.v1

A Lightning Warning Method Using Atmospheric Electric Field Based on EEWT-ASG and Morpho

Xiang Li, Ling Yang, Qiyuan Yin, Zhipeng Yang, Fangcong Zhou

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Signal Processing Keywords: Atmospheric electric field (AEF); lightning risk warning; enhanced empirical Wavelet transform-Adaptive Savitzky Golay filter (EEWT-ASG); one-dimensional morphology; Wavelet transform (WT)

Online: 30 April 2023 (23:56:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0098.v1

Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic and Natural Sources on PM10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland

Tomasz Mach, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Karolina Bralewska, Grzegorz Majewski, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Jutyna Rybak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: atmospheric aerosol; municipal and traffic emissions; natural sources; enrichment factor; coal and gasoline combustion; 24-h concentrations; diurnal variability; PX-375; XRF analysis

Online: 5 April 2021 (11:17:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0629.v2

GEO-GEO Stereo-Tracking of Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) from the Geostationary Ring

James L. Carr, Dong L. Wu, Jaime Daniels, Mariel D. Friberg, Wayne Bresky, Houria Madani

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: 3D-winds; atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs); GOES-R; ABI; Himawari; AHI; planetary boundary layer (PBL); stereo imaging; parallax; Image Navigation and Registration (INR)

Online: 3 November 2020 (14:46:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0052.v1

Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Weather-Induced Seasonal Virulence from Atmospheric Air Enthalpy

Angelo Spena, Leonardo Palombi, Massimo Corcione, Alessandro Quintino, Mariachiara Carestia, Vincenzo Andrea Spena

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: weather-related SARS-CoV-2 virulence; specific enthalpy of atmospheric moist air; temperature and humidity effects on COVID-19 outbreak; correlating equation; COVID-19 spread prediction risk scale

Online: 5 October 2020 (08:10:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0248.v1

Satellite Multi/Hyper Spectral HR Sensors for mapping the Posidonia oceanica in South Mediterranean Islands

Flavio Borfecchia, Carla Micheli, Luigi De Cecco, Gianmaria Sannino, Maria Vittoria Struglia, Alcide Giorgio Di Sarra, Carlo Gomez, Giuliana Mattiazzo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Posidonia oceanica (PO); LAI & density; PO health & Pergent model; sea truth sampling; Earth Observation; HR satellite multispectral/hyperspectral sensors; atmospheric correction; coastal monitoring; mapping shallow waters habitat seabed; Calibration/validation & training/test; Classification & regression Machine Learning; Model Performance & thematic Accuracy; Sentinel 2 MSI multispectral & PRISMA hyperspectral; ISWEC(Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter)

Online: 18 October 2021 (14:41:35 CEST)

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