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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0092.v1

Asessing the Accuracy of Google Trends for Predicting Presidential Elections: The Case of Chile 2006-2021

Francisco Vergara-Perucich

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: elections; time series; forecasting; Chile; ARIMA

Online: 6 September 2022 (12:40:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0147.v1

A Critical Analysis of Decentralizing the Portuguese Public Healthcare Provision Services

Alexandre Morais Nunes, Diogo Cunha Ferreira

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Decentralization; National Health Service; Regional Health Administration; Primary Health Care; Portugal

Online: 11 July 2022 (03:46:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0265.v1

Socioeconomic-Related Inequalities in COVID-19 Vulnerability in South Africa

Muna Shifa, David Gordon, Murray Leibbrandt, Mary Zhang

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: COVID-19 prevention; vulnerability index; inequality; concentration index; South Africa

Online: 20 June 2022 (09:56:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0092.v1

Mapping Sustainability across the World. Signs, Challenges and Opportunities for Democratic Countries

Bogdan Ștefanachi, Silviu Petru Grecu, Horia Costin Chiriac

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: SDGs; Democratic Index; democratic institutions; partnership; accountability; participatory democracy; economic growth

Online: 11 April 2022 (10:37:51 CEST)

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This article aims to create the nexus between sustainable development and the quality of the political regime. The current social and political context is characterized by a series of crises generated by COVID-19 pandemic, economic imbalances and regional conflicts. In this context, sustainable development is affected by the economic dynamics and the “democratic recession”. The study aims to respond to the following research questions: “how could influence the quality of the democracy the dynamics of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 17)?” and “what are the premises for sustainable development in the new political context, characterized by democratic recession?” The purpose of the study is to underline the fact that democratic regimes are inclined to create both participative and deliberative frames for achieving the SDGs in accordance with UN 2030 Agenda. The research methodology used in this study is based on descriptive and inferential statistics. The research data are collected from secondary sources in the years between 2015 and 2021, from 193 countries covering all the geographical areas. The empirical results suggest two models of development: the Asian model of sustainable development characterized by economic growth and the Western democratic model based on democratic institutions, fair justice and mechanisms for preserving peace. We noticed that the key-variables for explaining the dynamics of sustainability in correlation with democratic index are represented by the functioning of the governments and the political participation. Through civic engagement and political ac-countability, democracy could be seen as a pre-requisite for achieving an optimal level of the SDGs. All these empirical results could prove valuable for the scholars interested in the relation between democracy and sustainability and for the political decision makers involved in shaping strategies for social, economic and environmental development.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0051.v1

BWC Assurance: Increasing Certainty in BWC Compliance

Matthew Shearer, Christina Potter, Rachel Vahey, Nancy Connell, Gigi Gronvall

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention; Biological Weapons Convention; BWC; biological weapons; verification; nonproliferation; nonproliferation policy; arms control; disarmament; weapons of mass destruction; WMD; biology

Online: 7 April 2022 (03:51:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0079.v1

The Importance of a Natural Social Contract and Co-Evolutionary Governance for Sustainability Transitions

Patrick Huntjens, René Kemp

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Natural Social Contract; Co-evolutionary governance; Transformative governance; Institutional change; Policy mixes; Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation; Transformative Social Innovation; Social Innovation; Sustainability Transition; Societal Transition

Online: 7 February 2022 (11:43:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0344.v1

The Phases of Transformation to Sustainability (T2S) - Structuring the Complexity of Transformations and Sustainability through the Negotiation Perspective

Ariel Macaspac Hernandez

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Transformation; sustainability; negotiation; German Energiewende; complexity; decisions; phases of processes; cooperation

Online: 24 January 2022 (11:12:28 CET)

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Conventional academic debate on sustainability and transformation has begun to be disputed by researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders from the private sector. The complexity of linking sustainability with transformation necessitates the development of new ways of understanding and explaining actors, processes, issues, structures, and outcomes related to transformation to sustainability (T2S). A persistent problem in understanding and managing the T2S is the implied notion of a monolithic transformation to achieve sustainability. This notion underestimates the diversity of actors as well as the historical contexts of transformations. At the same time, achieving T2S is highly dependent on technical solutions as well as policies that can stir needed behavioural change, whereas these technical solutions and policies are not always socially acceptable or politically implementable. Therefore, achieving T2S also calls for evaluating normative foundations of policies and actions needed to advance T2S. This article argues that T2S is composed of different phases, each of which having a different set of actors, resources and audience. This article explains how collective decision can be achieved through multiple levels and types of negotiations that occur in an orchestrated manner. To understand this, this article introduces a theoretical model as an analytical framework to structure how T2S unfolds. This model uses insights from negotiation studies to focus on the actors’ perspectives on T2S. It proposes the division of the transformation process into phases – entry point, learning, sequencing, disrupting and fortifying. Using the Germany’s energy transition (Energiewende), each of these phases is analysed to determine the “quality” of cooperation that can help fulfil the tasks required to master the so-called “cognitive games” of T2S (ripeness game, power game, bargaining game, policy game, scaling game). Moreover, insights are presented to explain how the designated milestone can be achieved that indicates the advancing to the next phase and eventually entrench the transformation process. The lessons and findings resulting from the analysis of the phases of T2S suggest that there is also the need to revisit underlying assumptions on negotiations, sustainability and transformation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0523.v1

Stability in Open Society from Social Fröhlich Condensation

Andrei Khrennikov

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Social Fröhlich condensate; Societal stability; Order preserving; Quantum-like modeling; High social temperature; Information field; Information reservoir; Bose-Einstein statistics; Planck formula; Information overload; Indistinguishability

Online: 30 September 2021 (15:12:19 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0213.v1

Climate Dialog, Climate Action: Can Democracy Do the Job?

Fred Young Phillips, LaVonne Reimer, Rebecca Turner

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: climate; democracy; religion; evangelism; environment

Online: 13 September 2021 (13:38:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0375.v1

Dual Cellular-Path (MIHP) Healthy Urbanism － Justifying, Peacebuilding Surveillance at Borderlands / Kinmen

Li-Yen Hsu

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: availability; cipher coding; clogged water; honeycomb tori; maintainability; mutually independent Hamiltonian paths (MIHP); interference; privacy; reliability; wicked problems

Online: 18 August 2021 (11:22:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0008.v2

The Green Deal, National Energy and Climate Plans in Europe: Member States’ Compliance and Strategies

Georgios Maris, Floros Flouros

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: European Union; Energy; Environment; Compliance; Green Deal; NECP; Strategy

Online: 16 July 2021 (16:39:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0008.v1

The Green Deal, National Energy and Climate Plans in Europe: Member States’ Compliance and Strategies

Georgios Maris, Floros Flouros

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: European Union; Energy; Environment; Compliance; Green Deal; NECP; Strategy

Online: 1 July 2021 (10:53:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0104.v1

The environmental impact of SARS-CoV-2: an assessment of the health risks of air pollution during the pandemic

Serafin Corral, Jesús Hernández Hernández, José Luis Rivero Ceballos

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Environmental impact; atmospheric pollution; lifestyle changes; health effects; SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Online: 6 May 2021 (15:16:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0556.v1

The U.S.–Lithuanian Defense Cooperation and Arms Acquisition from the U.S.

Donatas Palavenis

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: National Security Strategy; Defense Policy; Arms Sales; Defense Cooperation Security Agency; Foreign Military Sales

Online: 23 March 2021 (09:11:17 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0458.v1

Wargaming Future National Security Threats Posed by Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases

Deon Canyon

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: strategy; national security; competitive gaming; wargaming; military; defense force; arboviruses; crisis management

Online: 18 March 2021 (07:20:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0427.v1

Swiss Defence Industry in the Global Arms Trade – Successes and Challenges

Donatas Palavenis

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Switzerland; defence industry; defence policy; the Federal Office for Defence Procurement; RUAG; arms export

Online: 16 March 2021 (14:15:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0250.v1

A Cross-National Comparative Policy Analysis of the Blockchain Technology Between the USA and China

Chu-Chi Kuo, Joseph Z. Shyu

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Blockchain; Decentralization; Innovation Policy; National Innovation Systems; Policy Tools; Legal and Regulatory

Online: 9 March 2021 (09:50:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0284.v1

A Study of Strengthening the DNA Business as well as Priorities of Policies in the Case of South Korea

Yonghee Kim, Jeongho Kwak

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Data; Network; Artificial Intelligence; Interpretive Structural Modeling; Brainstorming; Analytic Network Process

Online: 11 February 2021 (13:11:30 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Entrepreneurial Strategies to Reduce Rural-Urban Climate-induced Vulnerabilities: Assessing Adaptation and Innovation Measures in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Jason Miklian, Kristian Hoelscher

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Climate change; rural-urban migration; innovation; Bangladesh; adaptation strategies; politicization of technology; Dhaka; urban climate solutions; informal settlements

Online: 29 October 2020 (09:14:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0547.v1

The Pink Tank in the Room: The Role of Religious Considerations in the discussion of Women’s Combat service – The Case of the Israel Defense Forces

Elisheva Rosman

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: military; IDF; female soldiers; religion and the military; religious considerations; religious women’s conscription

Online: 25 August 2020 (11:26:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0131.v1

The Tempests of Time, Rights, Race and Justice: Mandela and MLK Jr. as Transformational Leaders or Beneficiaries of Extraordinary Circumstances?

Stephen Magu

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Pan-Africanism; African Diaspora; human rights; liberation; transformational leadership; civil rights; colonialism; Martin Luther King Jr.; Nelson Mandela

Online: 5 August 2020 (10:48:12 CEST)

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The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela were two of the world's most iconic civil (political) (human) rights advocates and leaders of all time. Both advocated for, and to varying degrees, applied elements of peaceful protests to the achievement of their goals. Both spent time in jail, often concurrently, but eventually forced their respective countries to extend the same rights that white populations had denied Africans and African Americans. For the US, civil rights, voting rights, right to education, housing and housing loans suggested that equality had been achieved, capped in South Africa by the election of Nelson Mandela as the first majority-rule president, and in the US, by Barack Obama’s election to the presidency. Yet the historical over-policing, police mistreatment and more generally, the judicial system’s inordinate ‘targeting’ of African Americans, with egregious cases running from Emmett Till to Rodney King to Walter Scott to Breonna Taylor to George Floyd to Rayshard Brooks and thousands of others shows the danger of such magical thinking. The now-persistent global wave pursuing human rights, civil rights and the right to be treated equally, primarily driven by the loosely-organized Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, has become the leading voice in pursuit of equality. Riots such as those in LA, protests in Ferguson and everywhere in summer 2020 has ushered new civil rights campaign. In the US and elsewhere, it has morphed to include historical issues such as monuments to colonialism, the US civil war, slavery and slave owners and traders, institutions, companies and people whose wealth and existence has links to slavery. Instructively, the protests persisted even as COVID-19, the hundred-year plague, continues to ravage the world. Lost in the moment is the absence of central leadership and leaders such as MLK or Mandela. Their charisma and effectiveness has been lacking for 50 years. This paper evaluates whether this has led to inconsistent civil and human rights pursuit for equality, or whether perchance, Mandela and MLK were extraordinary, once-in-a-lifetime transformative leaders uniquely selected by history for their time.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0500.v1

International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOS) and Their Impact on The Democratization of Developing Countries: The Case of Nigeria

Saied Sulaiman

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: INGOs; democratization; funding; developing-countries; better-living

Online: 22 July 2020 (05:49:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0213.v1

Voluntary Sustainability Certification and State Regulations: Paths to Promote the Conservation of Ecosystem Services? Experiences in Indonesia

Intan Kurniati Ningsih, Verina Ingram, Sini Savilaakso

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: ecosystem services; voluntary sustainability certification; state regulation; plural governance arrangements; Indonesia

Online: 16 February 2020 (04:57:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0151.v1

Factors Influencing Citizen Satisfaction in Getting Public Service (Case Study: The Service User of the Investment and One Stop Service Agency of Tanah Bumbu Regency in 2018)

Muhammad Iqbal, Indriani Mahbubah

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: citizen satisfaction; public service; one-stop service; one-stop service agency

Online: 13 November 2019 (15:53:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0157.v2

A Plot for Sustainability – The Sustainable Development Goals as A Narrative

David O. Obura

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals; sustainability; ecosystem-based approach; blue economy; coral reef; coastal systems; landscape; seascape

Online: 6 November 2019 (08:49:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0157.v1

A Plot for Sustainability – The Sustainable Development Goals as A Narrative

David O. Obura

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals; sustainability; ecosystem-based approach; blue economy; coral reef; coastal systems; landscape; seascape

Online: 14 October 2019 (10:35:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0273.v1

Sustainable International Relations. Pope Francis’ Encyclical Laudato si’ and the Planetary Implications of the “Integral Ecology”

Pasquale Ferrara

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: climate change and international relations; religion and the environment; Anthropocene; planetary justice; sustainability

Online: 27 June 2019 (04:53:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0327.v2

Results-Based Forest Conservation Funding: Amazon Fund 10 Years Later, Lessons from the World's Largest REDD+ Program

Juliano Correa, Richard Van der Hoff, Raoni Rajão

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: REDD+; amazon fund; results-based funding; benefit distribution; resource allocation; climate change funding; effectiveness.; forest conservation funding

Online: 13 February 2019 (09:59:35 CET)

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Results-Based Funding (RBF) for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has become an important instrument for channeling financial resources to forest conservation activities. At the same time, much literature on conservation funding is ambiguous about the effectiveness of existing RBF schemes. Many effectiveness evaluations follow a simplified version of the principal-agent model, although in practice the relation between aid providers and funding recipients is much more complex. As a consequence, intermediary steps of conservation funding are often not accounted for effectiveness studies. This research paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of conservation funding by analyzing the allocation of financial resources for one of the largest RBF schemes for REDD+ in the world: the Brazilian Amazon Fund. As part of this analysis, this study has built a dataset of information on Amazon Fund projects at unprecedented detail in order to accurately reconstruct the allocation of financial resources across different stakeholders (i.e. governments, NGOs, research institutions), geographies and activities. The results show that stakeholders seem to hold preferences with respect to the type of activities that they support, thereby suggesting that project owners exert much influence on how deforestation reduction is to be attained. There are evidences that governmental organizations lack financial additionality of their projects, which renders the growing share of funding to this type of stakeholder particularly worrisome. By contrast, the geographical distribution of financial resources seemed to follow a more focused rationale as financial support tends to concentrate in areas where deforestation threats are highest. Overall, the allocation of the financial resources from the Amazon Fund reflects an arbitrary support of different projects that adopt very diverging theories of change that are not primarily concerned with attaining further deforestation reductions. As projects owners exert influence on funding effectiveness to some extent, the Amazon Fund may either seek to regulate the allocation of financial resources more actively or adopt funding effectiveness evaluations that account for this influence more comprehensively.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0061.v1

Body-Worn Camera Activations: Demographic, Attitudinal, and Job Function Predictors

Ian Adams, Sharon Mastracci, Scott Mourtgos

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: body-worn cameras; police; activation; attitudes; principled agents

Online: 8 January 2019 (11:03:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0327.v1

Results-Based Conservation Aid: Amazon Fund 10 Years Later, Lessons from the World's Largest REDD+ Program

Juliano Correa, Richard van der Hoff, Raoni Rajão

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: REDD+; Amazon fund; results-based aid; benefit distribution; resource allocation; aid effectiveness; conservation aid

Online: 28 December 2018 (04:00:22 CET)

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Results-Based Aid (RBA) for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has become an important instrument for channeling financial resources to forest conservation activities. At the same time, much literature on conservation aid is ambiguous about the effectiveness of existing RBA schemes. Many effectiveness evaluations follow a principal-agent model, although in practice the relation between aid providers and aid recipients is much more complex. As a consequence, intermediary steps of conservation aid are often not accounted for in aid effectiveness studies. This research paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of conservation aid by analyzing the allocation of financial resources for one of the largest RBA schemes for REDD+ in the world: the Brazilian Amazon Fund. As part of this analysis, this study has built a dataset of information on Amazon Fund projects at unprecedented detail in order to accurately reconstruct the allocation of financial resources across different stakeholders, geographies and activities. The results show that stakeholders seem to hold preferences with respect to the type of activities that they support, thereby suggesting that project owners exert much influence on how deforestation reduction is to be attained. There are evidences that governmental organizations lack financial additionality of their projects, which renders stakeholder influence on conservation aid effectiveness particularly worrisome. By contrast, the geographical distribution of financial resources seemed to follow a more focused rationale as financial support tends to concentrate in areas where deforestation threats are highest. Overall, the allocation of the financial resources from the Amazon Fund reflects an arbitrary support of different projects that adopt very diverging theories of change that are not primarily concerned with attaining further deforestation reductions. As projects owners exert influence on aid effectiveness to some extent, the Amazon Fund may either seek to regulate the allocation of financial resources more actively or adopt aid effectiveness evaluations that account for this influence more comprehensively.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0255.v1

The Role of Social Networks on Socialization and Political Participation of Political science Students of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch (2007- 2017)

Garineh Keshishyan Siraki

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Political Socialization, Political Participation, Social Networking, Political Science Students, Islamic Azad University

Online: 20 December 2018 (13:19:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0254.v1

Socioeconomic Consequences of Somalis’ Immigration on Security of South Africa

Garineh Keshishyan Siraki

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Socioeconomic consequences, Immigration, Security, Somalis, South Africa

Online: 20 December 2018 (13:15:32 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0724.v2

Explaining and Measuring Social-Ecological Pathways: The Case of Global Changes and Water Security

Thomas Bolognesi, Andrea K. Gerlak, Gregory Giuliani

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Social-Ecological System; Water security; Governance; Institution; Learning; Data-Cube

Online: 22 November 2018 (14:47:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0365.v3

Potential European Emissions Trajectories within the Global Carbon Budget

Ilaria Perissi, Falsini Sara, Ugo Bardi, Davide Natalini, Michael Green, Aled Jones, Jordi Solé

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: carbon budget, greenhouse gases, decarbonization, climate change

Online: 16 November 2018 (14:23:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0393.v1

Is There a Need to Conduct Water Rights Transactions in the Water-Rich Areas of China? A Case Study of the Taihu Basin

Fengping Wu, Min Zhu, Shang Luo, Junyuan Shen, Xia Xu, Fang Li

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: water-rich area; water rights transaction; trading need; Taihu Basin

Online: 16 November 2018 (09:24:58 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0724.v1

Explaining and Measuring Social-Ecological Pathways: The Case of Global Changes and Water Security

Thomas Bolognesi, Andrea K. Gerlak, Gregory Giuliani

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Social-Ecological System; Water security; Governance; Institution; Learning; Data-Cube

Online: 30 October 2018 (10:04:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0580.v1

Global IWRM Ideas and Local Context: Studying Narratives in Rural Cambodia

Ching Leong, Farhad Mukhtarov

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: dam, local communities, lived experiences, environmental narratives, Cambodia

Online: 24 October 2018 (14:20:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0427.v1

Upscaling Urban Recycled Water Schemes: an Analysis of the Presence of Required Governance Conditions in the City of Sabadell (Spain)

Josep Pinyol Alberich, Farhad Mukhtarov, Carel Dieperink, Peter Driessen, Annelies Broekman

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Water recycle; upscaling; water governance; water availability; climate change adaptation

Online: 18 October 2018 (16:34:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0365.v1

European Carbon Budget for Greenhouse Gasses Emissions: Filling the Trajectory Gap

Ilaria Perissi, Sara Falsini, Ugo Bardi, Davide Natalini, Michael Green, Aled Jones, Jordi Solé

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: carbon budget, greenhouse gases, decarbonization, climate change

Online: 16 October 2018 (14:50:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0295.v1

The Public-Private-Partnership and Rural Development in Taiwan

Kun-Jung Liao, Shih-Kai Lin

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: public-private partnership; rural community development; Taiwanese farmer associations; farmer cooperative organizations

Online: 15 October 2018 (10:22:16 CEST)

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This paper discusses a significant public-private partnership (PPP) formed by the government and Taiwanese Farmer Associations. Particularly, it will investigate a pattern of the PPP that has successfully promoted rural development and agricultural modernization in Taiwan since 1950s. Taiwanese Farmer Associations (hereafter TFAs), similar to agricultural cooperatives in South Korea and Japan, have played a policy agent in fostering rural development in this island state since 1950s. TFA’s performance inherently came from Japanese Cooperatives before World War II. The Performances of those farmer organizations are combinations of economic, social, and educational synergies. The rural development experiences in Taiwan demonstrate that success of rural modernization is carried out by a special public-private partnership (PPP). First, this paper discusses formation and development of farmer cooperative organizations in East Asian societies and compare the similarities and differences of practice of those organizations and their relations to the governments among Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan. Secondly, this paper examines collaborative mold and process in which both the government and Taiwan Farmer Associations have been extensively involved. A specific cooperative apparatus between the government and TFA functioning and operating as a perfect PPP has been formed under administrative guidance of the state. Thirdly, this paper looks at input and various supports in financial and policy perspective by the public sector. Fourthly, the paper discusses legal framework, administrative apparatus, and governance pattern for TFA. Fifthly, the paper discuses that a specific PPP successfully involving in rural modernization in Taiwan is significantly derived from the state’ guidance that properly regulates a collaboration between the government and TFA. So-call East Asian model of PPP in agricultural modernization and rural community development may become a valuable experience for most of developing countries.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0024.v1

Solving the AI Race: Addressing the potential pitfalls of competition towards Artificial General Intelligence

Thomas Schmidt

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Artificial General Intelligence; superintelligence; decisive strategic advantage; human goals; AI race; strategic stability; nuclear weapons; regulation

Online: 2 October 2018 (13:50:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0247.v1

Why Is a Boycott of the Elections a Bad Idea?

Madjid Eshaghi Gordji, Gholamreza Askari, Hamed Abdi

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: game theory; matching pennies game; opposition parties; election boycott

Online: 14 August 2018 (06:03:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0607.v1

Mapping Stakeholders and Policies in Response to Deliberate Biological Events

Rebecca Katz, Ellie Graeden, Keishi Abe, Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, Matthew Boyce, Stephanie Eaneff

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: deliberate biological events; stakeholder mapping; preparedness and response

Online: 31 July 2018 (06:14:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0468.v1

Deparmental Auction State Officers’ Public Service of Makassar City

Lukman Hakim

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Service; officers; departmental auction

Online: 28 June 2018 (12:28:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0181.v1

Assessing the Capacity to Govern Flood Risk in Cities and the Role of Contextual Factors

Steven Koop, Fabian Monteiro Gomes, Laura Schoot, Carel Dieperink, Peter Driessen, Kees Van Leeuwen

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: water governance; governance capacity; comparative studies; urban flooding; contextual factors

Online: 12 June 2018 (10:11:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0120.v1

Savage Thought and Totalitarianism

Rainer E. Zimmermann

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: discourse; communication; media; anthropology; political philosophy

Online: 10 April 2018 (08:50:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0132.v1

Towards a New Paradigm in Water Management: Cochabamba’s Water Agenda from an Ethical Approach

Francesc Bellaubi, Rocío Bustamante

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: water management; water paradigm; water governability; water conflicts; Cochabamba

Online: 19 December 2017 (07:22:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0185.v1

Low-Carbon Transport Policy in ASEAN Countries: A Comparative Analysis

Stefan Bakker, Kathleen Dematera Contreras, Monica Kappiantari, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Danielle Guillen, Gessarin Gunthawong, Mark Zuidgeest, Duncan Liefferink, Martin van Maarseveen

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: transport policy; ASEAN countries; low-carbon transport; comparative analysis; climate change mitigation

Online: 25 May 2017 (08:30:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0038.v1

Epistemic Regards on Food as a Commons: Plurality of Schools, Genealogy of Meanings, Confusing Vocabularies

José Luis Vivero-Pol

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: food; commons; epistemologies of food; commons epistemologies; food narratives; food values; public good theory; academic schools; paradigms

Online: 7 April 2017 (04:13:41 CEST)

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Commons and food are experiencing a revival in recent years and yet the links between both are almost absent in academic and political discourses. Commons are often portrayed as historical and yet innovative governing mechanisms that can challenge the State-Market hegemony. On the other side, food is both a relevant agent of change and a major driver of planetary destruction, being thus cause and solution to multiple crises that affect humankind. Departing from the commodification of food as one root cause of the broken global food system, this text firstly situates and discusses the different schools of thought (or epistemologies) that have addressed the private/public, commodity/commons nature of goods in general, and then explores how those schools have considered food in particular. To do so, the author has defined five epistemologies, four academic (economic, legal, historical and political) and one non-academic (grassroots activists). The analysis highlights how those epistemologies have yielded incommensurable understandings and conflicting vocabularies, hence creating confusion in the socio-political realm and even rejection around the idea of food being considered as a commons. The economic epistemic regard has reigned over the others by applying an approach to commons, public and private goods that is theoretical, reductionist and ontological instead of phenomenological, therefore preventing or obscuring other scholarly or practical understanding of commons. When applied to food, the iron law of economics dictated that food, a private good based on rivalry and excludability, shall be better allocated through market mechanisms with absolute proprietary rights and valued as a pure commodity. This reductionist view collides with the plurality of meanings of food in different societies, civilisations and historical periods, as other schools of thought indicate. The author uses diverse epistemic tools to re-construct food as a commons, based on its essentiality to human beings and societies and the customary and contemporary praxis to produce, consume and govern food collectively through non-market mechanisms for more than 2000 centuries. As commoning has instituting power to create different political and legal frameworks, if food is valued differently the entire architecture of the global food system would change, as the grassroots activist school claims. Re-commoning food defies the legal and political scaffoldings that sustain the hegemony of market and state decision-makers over eaters and food producers and informs sustainable forms of food production (agro-ecology), new collective practices of governance (food democracies) and alternative policies to regain control over the food system (food sovereignty). Food as a commons is an agent of change with transformative power, no matter what economists say.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0004.v1

Factors of Change: The influence of policy environment factors on climate change mitigation strategies in the transport sector

Oliver Lah

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: Sustainable transport, policy implementation, governance, institutions

Online: 3 April 2017 (16:35:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0056.v1

Resources and Rules of the Game: Participation of Civil Society in REDD+ and FLEGT-VPA Processes in Lao PDR

Irmeli Mustalahti, Mathias Cramm, Sabaheta Ramcilovik-Suominen, Yitagesu Tekle

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: REDD+; FLEGT VPA; civil society organisations; participation; resources; rules of the game; Policy Arrangement Approach; Lao PDR

Online: 15 February 2017 (15:27:21 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0072.v1

Muslim Woman Seeking Work: An English Case Study with a Dutch Comparison, of Discrimination and Achievement

Christopher Bagley, Mahmoud Abubaker

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: racial discrimination; employment; United Kingdom; The Netherlands; black and ethnic minorities; women; Islam; alienation

Online: 14 December 2016 (07:54:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0235.v1

American’s Energy Future: An Analysis of the Proposed Energy Policy Plans in Presidential Election

Ming-Hsun Cheng, Minliang Yang, Yu Wang

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: president election; renewable energy; energy future; public opinion; polarization

Online: 31 August 2016 (08:34:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0083.v1

Low Carbon Urban Transitioning in Shenzhen: A Multi-Level Environmental Governance Perspective

Zhanglan Wu, Jie Tang, Dong Wang

Subject: Social Sciences, Political Science Keywords: urban sustainability; environmental governance; energy policy

Online: 27 July 2016 (05:56:56 CEST)

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