Abstract: The rapid growth of electromobility is increasing pressure on the adequacy of charging infrastructure deployed along major transport corridors. This study presents a simulation-based framework for assessing the operational performance of electric vehicle charging infrastructure along the S19 Rzeszów–Barwinek section, a 90 km corridor forming part of the TEN-T and Via Carpathia networks. The methodology combines microscopic traffic simulation in PTV Vissim with probabilistic charging-demand modeling for passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles, enabling the analysis of infrastructure utilization, queue formation, and unmet charging demand under realistic corridor conditions. Three electric vehicle penetration scenarios were examined: 10%, 25%, and 45% of the traffic stream. The results show that the charging system remains stable under the 10% scenario, begins to experience local overload and recurring congestion at 25%, and reaches structural insufficiency at 45%, where utilization exceeds 100% and unmet demand rises markedly. A key finding is that heavy-duty electric vehicles constitute the dominant operational bottleneck due to longer charging times, higher energy requirements, and the limited number of dedicated charging points. An additional expansion variant indicates that increasing the number of heavy-duty charging points can substantially improve system performance and restore a safer utilization range. The study demonstrates that minimum regulatory compliance should be treated as a baseline rather than a sufficient planning target and that dynamic, scenario-based simulation offers an effective decision-support tool for the adaptive development of corridor charging infrastructure.

Abstract: This paper examines the evolving role of central banks in supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy within the framework of sustainable development objectives. While central banks are not directly responsible for climate policy, climate-related physical and transition risks increasingly affect their core mandates, including price stability, financial stability, and the resilience of the banking system. The study highlights the growing relevance of integrating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into central banks’ analytical frameworks as a means of linking macroeconomic and financial dynamics with environ-mental and social transformations. Drawing on key institutional sources, including Eurostat’s SDG monitoring reports, NGFS Phase IV climate scenarios, and ECB and ESRB analyses, the paper explores how climate risks can be quantified and incorporated into monetary policy and financial stability assessments. It emphasizes the role of standardized climate scenarios and stress testing in evaluating both transition and physical risks, as well as the uneven distribution of these risks across sectors and regions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the ECB’s “Climate and nature 2024–2025” plan as a concrete step toward operationalizing climate considerations in monetary policy, supervision, and portfolio management. By combining SDG indicators with climate scenarios and stress test results, the research identifies potential synergies and trade-offs between sustainability objectives and central bank mandates. The findings contribute to a conceptual and empirical framework for assessing how central banks can support the green transition while maintaining macroeconomic and financial stability.

Abstract: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of clinical relevance, and plant-derived antifungal agents have attracted interest because of rising resistance to conventional drugs. This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of Mespilodaphne quixos (Lam.) Rohwer essential oil (EO) against C. albicans, modelled its concentration-dependent response using a one-factor response surface methodology (RSM) design, and investigated the interactions of its constituents with selected fungal targets by molecular docking. Freshly collected leaves were subjected to steam distillation, and the EO was characterised by GC/MS. Antifungal activity was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. A one-factor RSM design was applied to model inhibition halo diameter as a function of EO concentration. Besides, 22 identified compounds were docked against 14-α-demethylase, Δ(14)-sterol reductase, and exo-β-(1,3)-glucanase. The EO was mainly composed of (E)-cinnamaldehyde (47.2%), caryophyllene (10.8%), and α-humulene (5.37%). The EO reached an inhibitory capacity of 87.3% relative to ketoconazole. The quadratic model showed good predictive performance. Molecular docking revealed favourable affinities for several sesquiterpenes: α-copaene showed the best interaction profile against 14-α-demethylase and Δ(14)-sterol reductase, whereas α-guaiene and spathulenol performed best against exo-β-(1,3)-glucanase. These findings provide preliminary in vitro and in silico evidence supporting the antifungal activity of M. quixos EO.

Abstract: Historically, the study of oral fungal species was limited by the inability to cultivate most of them. However, advances in metagenomic techniques have enabled the direct identification of microbial genomes from human samples, markedly broadening our understanding of the oral mycobiome. This literature review aims to analyze the available scientific evidence on the composition and dynamics of the oral mycobiome, as well as its influence on the development of local pathological conditions. The oral mycobiome is highly diverse, with emphasis on genus Candida, followed by Malassezia, Aspergillus, Saccharomyces, Cladosporium, Trichosporon and Geotrichum. Candida albicans remains the most frequently identified species in both health and diseases state. However, individuals with oral candidiasis present a higher detection of Candida dubliniensis, Candida parapsilosis, Pichia kudriavzevii, Antrodiella micra and Cladosporium sphaerospermum. In dental caries, C. albicans and C. dubliniensis are associated with advanced lesions, whereas Malassezia and Rhodotorula may exert protective effects against cariogenic bacteria. In periodontitis, an increase in yeast-bacteria interactions is observed. Additionally, C. albicans has been implicated in oral carcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms. These findings highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the oral mycobiome to enable early detection of oral diseases and the development of therapeutic approaches.

Abstract: This study examines the dynamic relationship between deposits, credit and sales across Ecuador’s provinces over the period 2019-2025 using a Panel VAR model estimated by two-step GMM. Sales declared to the Internal Revenue Service are employed as a high-frequency administrative indicator of provincial economic activity. The results are consistent with a predominantly supply-leading structure, in which deposits and credit exhibit predictive capacity over provincial sales, with no robust evidence in the reverse direction. The speed of transmission differs between the two financial channels. De-posits affect sales with a one-period lag, whereas credit does so with two, suggesting that liquidity is channelled toward commercial activity more immediately than credit financing. During the pandemic period, an increase in deposits, a contraction in credit, and a decline in sales are observed. The study provides subnational evidence for a dol-larized Latin American economy and covers a recent period marked by an extraordinary shock. The findings indicate that the relevance of financial intermediation for territorial economic activity depends not only on the direction of the linkage but also on the dif-ferentiated speed of its components.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease characterised by chronic hypoglycemia, which results from the insulin secretion, insulin resistance or both. In recent times, evidence has proven the significant role of epigenetic modulations, particularly DNA methylation and histone modifications, in the progression and long-term persistence of diabetes. These modifications influence the gene expression associated with insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and β-cell function and inflammatory pathways, which result in the contribution of metabolic dysfunction. Plant-derived polyphenols like curcumin and rutin exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. Moreover, these compounds have remarkable potential to modulate the epigenetic mechanisms that ultimately lead to beneficial changes in gene expression. This review highlights the epigenetic mechanisms through which curcumin and rutin exert their therapeutic potential in diabetes mellitus, identifying the challenges in ongoing research and future scope in this field.

Abstract: Spintronic crossbar arrays are emerging as a powerful hardware platform for energy-efficient computing. Unlike conventional digital processors that shuttle data between memory and processing units, these arrays perform computation directly where data is stored, a concept known as in-memory computing. This report explains, from the ground up, what spintronic crossbars are, how they operate, and the different types currently available or under development. We cover both binary (single-level) and analog (multi-level) devices, their input/output characteristics, and the physical principles that make them uniquely suited for matrix operations. The figures illustrate the architecture, switching mechanisms, and the transition from binary to multi-level behavior. This foundation is essential for understanding advanced applications such as parallel photovoltaic MPPT and neuromorphic computing.

Abstract: Wearable smart inhalers represent a transformative approach to chronic respiratory management in advanced lung cancer, integrating sensor‑based monitoring, real‑time connectivity, and patient‑centric feedback loops. These devices track inhalation technique, dosing frequency, and timing, then transmit encrypted data to cloud‑based platforms for analysis by clinicians and AI‑driven algorithms. For advanced‑stage lung cancer patients, this enables continuous surveillance of bronchospasm, dyspnoea, and medication adherence outside the intensive care setting, thereby reducing uncontrolled exacerbations and unplanned hospitalizations. Smart inhalers also support tele‑follow‑ups and personalized adjustment of bronchodilator or palliative regimens based on individual patterns of use and symptom burden. When embedded within an end‑to‑end care pathway from intensive care discharge to home care these wearables facilitate seamless transitions, improve self‑management, and empower multidisciplinary teams with objective, longitudinal respiratory data. This article explores design principles, clinical integration, and emerging digital‑health frameworks that position wearable smart inhalers as a cornerstone of modern, technology‑driven chronic respiratory support in advanced lung cancer.

Abstract: Background: Work disability in fibromyalgia is only partially explained by symptom severity, suggesting a relevant contribution of cognitive–behavioral mechanisms. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether kinesiophobia is associated with fibromyalgia impact and work-related disability, and to assess whether pain catastrophizing mediates these relationships within a hierarchical biopsychosocial framework. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2,096 women with fibromyalgia recruited through a nationwide online survey. Participants completed validated instruments assessing fibromyalgia impact (FIQ), pain catastrophizing (PCS), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), central sensitization (CSI), and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale). Pain-related work disability was defined using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale–Revised (GCPS-R). Hierarchical logistic regression models identified factors independently associated with work disability. Mediation was tested using bootstrapped analyses (5,000 resamples). Results: Kinesiophobia demonstrated a robust independent association with work disability (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02–1.05) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, clinical pain phenotype, systemic burden, pain severity, psychocognitive load, and medication burden. Other relevant contributors included pain severity (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.70–2.27), psychocognitive burden (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.15–1.58), use of benzodiazepines (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.33–2.28), and opioid use (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.06–1.56). Mediation analysis indicated a significant indirect effect of kinesiophobia on work disability through pain catastrophizing (β = 0.131; 95% CI 0.078–0.188). Conclusion: Kinesiophobia is a proximal determinant of work disability in fibromyalgia, exerting direct and cognitively mediated effects through pain catastrophizing, reinforcing the fear-avoidance framework and the need for psychologically informed rehabilitation.

Abstract: Existing research on quality gain-loss functions predominantly focuses on single variables or separable quality characteristics, overlooking the correlations among multiple quality attributes and the complexity of spatiotemporal factors. This paper employs the Matérn kernel to construct spatiotemporal interaction terms, incorporates Kalman filtering and smoothing algorithms to enhance computational efficiency, and establishes joint gain-loss weights using the signal-to-noise ratio method. Consequently, a multivariate multidimensional quality gain-loss function model based on the Non-Separable Gaussian Process (NSGP) is developed. The NSGP model is applied to simulation cases and dam concrete production scenarios. Comparative optimization with machine learning methods such as Gaussian processes and linear regression validates the robustness of the NSGP model. Crucially, it eliminates the computational requirement for determining covariance separability, thereby reducing computational costs. This provides robust case support for quality management in hydraulic concrete construction.

Abstract: Accurate vessel speed prediction is essential for maritime traffic supervision, navigational safety, and intelligent coastal management. However, due to the nonlinear, time-varying, and context-dependent characteristics of vessel motion in nearshore waters, conventional single-model approaches often fail to provide sufficiently accurate forecasts. To address this issue, this study proposes a hybrid deep learning framework for AIS-based nearshore vessel speed prediction and risk warning, integrating a temporal convolutional network (TCN), an attention mechanism, and a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) into a unified architecture. In the proposed framework, TCN is used to extract local temporal patterns and multi-scale sequence features from historical AIS observations, the attention mechanism is introduced to adaptively emphasize informative representations, and BiLSTM is employed to model bidirectional contextual dependencies in vessel motion sequences. On this basis, a speed-risk warning process is constructed by combining the predicted speed with electronic-fence threshold constraints. Experiments conducted on real AIS data from coastal waters show that the proposed method outperforms several benchmark models in terms of mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively improve vessel speed prediction accuracy and provide practical support for proactive maritime supervision and nearshore safety management.

Abstract: We introduced a possible electric charge forming mechanism, which includes the quasi normal mode calculations for a Kerr black hole with area of and spin 2 and the states generation by the preon model. We think the electric charge may exist as energy in the 3+1 space time with no need for additional dimension. And we think there might possibly be a tiny Kerr black hole net in our universe, which is sparse for electric charges and will select out the energies corresponding to electric charges as the only possible propagating wave energies. This net may at least be another possible way to have electric charge quantization except confinement, especially when we have to treat it as quantized energy propagating in the 3+1 space time. We also showed that electric charge may be the source of a Berry curvature to curve the 3+1 space time to form the conventional electromagnetic field. Observation considerations have also been given. Future gravitational wave detections may offer opportunities to check the ideas proposed here.

Abstract: Abdominal radiographs remain a widely used first-line investigation for both acute and chronic abdominal conditions. In routine clinical practice, they often reveal findings unrelated to the patient’s presenting complaint. While many of these are benign or reflect normal anatomical variation, they can sometimes resemble significant disease and lead to unnecessary investigations, patient anxiety, and added healthcare costs. This review presents a practical approach to interpreting such incidental findings, using a simple classification based on their radiographic appearance. These include calcifications, gas patterns, soft tissue and organ-related findings, as well as foreign bodies and procedure-related materials. Common examples, such as phleboliths, costal cartilage calcifications, gallstones, and vascular calcifications, are discussed, along with important mimics, such as pseudopneumoperitoneum. Normal variants, including Riedel’s lobe, renal anomalies, and bowel malposition, are also described. Attention is given to recognising typical imaging appearances and avoiding common sources of error in interpretation. The continued importance of abdominal radiography in settings with limited access to advanced imaging is also acknowledged. Selected radiographic examples are included to support pattern recognition and day-to-day clinical application. A clear, structured approach allows incidental findings to be interpreted with greater confidence and guides appropriate clinical decisions. This reduces unnecessary imaging, limits patient anxiety, and supports more effective and focused patient care.

Abstract: Agapé is a light-touch relationship enhancement smartphone app. This study used data from a longitudinal study couples using the Agapé app to link change in an array of behavioral processes into mechanistic chains, thereby providing some of the first quantitative insights into how various relationship processes might be linked as they shape the course of relationships. A sample of 405 couples in long-term relationships (810 partners, 50% women, 75% white, together M=4.5yrs, 50% living together, 33% currently dissatisfied) completed assessments across their first month of using Agapé. Men and women significantly improved on 15 of the 16 relationship processes assessed. Network analyses highlighted increases on three processes (quality time spent together, perceived partner responsiveness, and gratitude toward partner) as the processes most proximally linked to increases in relationship quality. The network findings also uncovered a number of indirect mechanistic pathways to be explored in future studies (e.g., increases in couples talking about their relationships to increases in awareness within those relationships to increases in gratitude and quality time to increases in relationship quality). Thus, the results offer a tentative blueprint for the inner workings of relationship dynamics and guidance toward optimizing the benefits of Agapé.

Abstract: The construction sector faces a dual challenge: meeting growing global demand while achieving deep decarbonisation in line with the European Green Deal and the EU Bioeconomy Strategy. Bio-based construction materials offer significant potential to reconcile these objectives through carbon sequestration, reduced embodied emissions, improved indoor environmental quality, and compatibility with circular economy principles. However, their transition from niche applications to mainstream specification remains limited. This paper provides a comprehensive review of bio-based construction materials and examines the systemic barriers constraining their large-scale adoption. The analysis identifies four interrelated categories of constraints—structural, economic, technical, and enabling—and emphasises the conditional relationships between them, highlighting the implications for policy prioritisation and sequencing. The strategic urgency of this transition has been reinforced by the 2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis, which triggered severe disruptions to global petrochemical supply chains and exposed the structural vulnerability of European construction to fossil-derived material inputs, reframing bio-based alternatives as a supply security imperative alongside an environmental one. The findings show that the primary obstacles to adoption are not technological, but institutional and economic, particularly regulatory fragmentation, the absence of harmonised standards, supply chain limitations, and persistent market failures that disadvantage bio-based solutions.The paper concludes that scaling bio-based construction materials requires coordinated action across governance, market design, and industrial policy. Without addressing these systemic constraints, advances in material innovation and performance are unlikely to translate into widespread adoption.

Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer type in which therapeutic options are limited and the disease is characterized by a poor prognosis. In the development of pancreatic cancers, dysregulated calcium signaling plays a key role, due to the regulation of proliferation, survival, metabolic adaptation, and tumor–microenvironment interactions. Among the calcium channels, TRPV6 has emerged as a key regulator since this channel is highly selective for calcium and frequently overex-pressed in different types of cancers. The aim of this review is to summarize our cur-rent knowledge on the structure, regulation, and function of TRPV6, with emphasis on its cell type–specific roles within the pancreas. We describe the mechanisms by which TRPV6-mediated calcium influx activates oncogenic signaling pathways, such as NFAT, AKT/mTOR, and NF-κB, and how this channel plays a role in intra- and extra-cellular pH regulation. In addition, the clinical relevance and potential contribution of TRPV6 to therapy resistance are discussed. Finally, we review pharmacological strate-gies and future perspectives regarding TRPV6 in PDAC.

Abstract:

Background: There is a critical need for effective therapeutics for Alzheimer’s. Personalized, precision medicine approaches represent a potentially effective strategy, and proof-of-concept trials have provided supportive data. Objective: To determine whether a precision medicine approach to Alzheimer’s at the mild cognitive impairment or early dementia stage is effective in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: Seventy-three patients with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia were evaluated for biochemical, microbiological, genetic, epigenetic, and imaging parameters associated with cognitive decline, then assigned randomly to a precision medicine approach or standard of care treatment. Results: Statistically significant effects of the precision medicine approach were observed for overall neurocognitive functioning (d=1.12; 95% CI, 0.56-1.66; p<0.001), memory (d=0.94; 95% CI, 0.40-1.46; p<0.001), executive function (d=0.89; 95% CI, 0.35-1.43; p=0.001), processing speed (d=0.67; 95% CI, 0.14-1.19; p=0.012), self-reported cognitive symptom severity (d=-1.05; 95% CI, -1.60, -0.49, p<0.001), and partner-reported cognitive symptom severity (d=1.26; 95% CI, 0.70-1.81; p<0.001), with MoCA scores showing a trend to improvement (p=0.154). Furthermore, overall health was enhanced, with improvements in blood pressure, body mass index, glycemic index, lipid profiles, and methylation status. Treatment effect size on overall cognitive function exceeded previous trials, being 2-3 times larger than effects of lifestyle interventions and 4-7-times larger than those of anti-amyloid therapies. Conclusion: A personalized, precision medicine approach represents an effective treatment for patients with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage dementia. This treatment improves cognition and overall health rather than simply retarding decline, without significant negative side effects such as brain edema, microhemorrhage, or atrophy.

Abstract: This technical note discusses, at system level, a fully analog control architecture in which a programmable spintronic crossbar can generate rapid mismatch-handling signals and a maximum-power-control signal for a photovoltaic source operating under rapidly varying shading conditions. The note is intentionally technology-agnostic and focuses on architectural principles rather than on fabrication details, device-specific programming workflows, or implementation-specific optimization procedures. The main value of the approach is the possibility of forming protection and control signals in parallel, with very low decision latency in the fast path, while overall operating-point convergence remains governed by the source and converter dynamics. The discussion is framed as a pedagogical technical note associated with already filed patent applications. Its purpose is to explain the conceptual role of a spintronic crossbar in analog control, the relationship between crossbar decision latency and converter response time, and the practical distinction between system-level architectural advantage and device-level maturity.

Abstract: Soil salinity is a major abiotic stressor that inhibits plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with plants that can enhance their tolerance to such stresses. This study evaluated the efficacy of AMF in mitigating salt stress in three plant species. Sorghum bicolor, Sesbania sesban, and Cassia tora were cultivated under greenhouse conditions for five months. Plants were subjected to four salinity levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 dS m^-1) with or without AMF inoculation. Growth parameters (plant height, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, relative growth rate (RGR), and root-to-shoot ratio (RSR)) were measured. The percentage of root colonization by AMF structures (mycelium, vesicles, arbuscules) was also assessed. AMF colonization rates were highest at the lowest salinity level (2.5 dS m^-1) and declined significantly at 7.5 dS m^-1. Sesbania sesban showed the highest colonization rate (90%), followed by Sorghum bicolor and Cassia tora. Inoculation with AMF significantly improved all growth parameters under salt stress, particularly at 2.5 dS m^-1. Sorghum bicolor demonstrated the highest tolerance, with AMF-inoculated plants showing remarkable improvements in RGR and biomass even at 7.5 dS m^-1. AMF symbiosis significantly enhances salt stress tolerance in the studied species, with the effectiveness being species-dependent and inversely correlated with salinity levels. Sorghum bicolor exhibited the greatest potential for AMF-assisted cultivation in saline soils.

Abstract: Background: A significant percentage of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) fail to achieve remission with antidepressant monotherapy and frequently experience residual mood and cognitive symptoms that impair their functional recovery. Thus, an augmentation with vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant with reported cognitive benefits, might be a useful strategy for such patients. Methods: We conducted a 12-week naturalistic, prospective observational study in a Malaysian university hospital. 40 adults with MDD and inadequate response to at least eight weeks of antidepressant therapy received either adjunctive vortioxetine or optimization of their existing antidepressant as part of treatment-as-usual care. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), cognitive symptoms using the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-5 (PDQ-D5), and global improvement using the Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement (CGI-I) scale. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in MADRS and PDQ-D5 scores over 12 weeks (p < 0.001). Remission rates at Week 12 were high in both groups (93.8% adjunctive vortioxetine vs 86.7% control). While between-group differences were not statistically significant, patients receiving vortioxetine showed earlier improvement in several core depressive symptoms, including apparent sadness, suicidal ideation, and appetite disturbance. Greater clinician-rated global improvement was observed in the vortioxetine group at Week 12 (87.5% vs 40.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this outpatient clinical setting, adjunctive vortioxetine was associated with earlier improvement of core depressive symptoms and greater global clinical improvement compared with optimization of existing antidepressant therapy. Collectively, these findings suggest adjunctive vortioxetine as a clinically relevant option for patients with MDD who show an inadequate response to antidepressant monotherapy.