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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0441.v1

IgG4 Antibodies Induced by mRNA Vaccines Generate Immune Tolerance to SARS-CoV-2’spike Protein by Suppressing the Immune System

Vladimir N. Uversky, Elrashdy M. Redwan, William Makis, Alberto Rubio-Casillas

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: IgG4 antibodies; mRNA vaccines; immuno-tolerance; auto-immunity; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19.

Online: 27 March 2023 (03:56:26 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0373.v1

Plasma Galectin-4 Levels are Increased after Stroke in Mice and Humans

Joao Vieira, Amra Jujic, Hana Matuskova, Peter M. Nilsson, Ulf Lindblad, Michael Hecht Olsen, João M.N. Duarte, Anja Meissner, Martin Magnusson

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: ischemia; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; obesity; galectins

Online: 21 March 2023 (07:56:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0307.v1

Predictors of eHealth Literacy Among Turkish Adolesents: Perspectives From Preventive Health Practices And Health Promotion Activities

Gulay Yilmazel

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Adolescents; eHealth; health promotion; healthy lifestyle; preventive health

Online: 16 March 2023 (11:34:57 CET)

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Objective: This study aimed to determine impact of eHealth literacy on health promotion activities and preventive health practice among adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2022 with 706 adolescents in Çorum, Turkey. A face to face questionnaire form including socio demographic characteristics, preventive health practices, eHealth Literacy scale and Adolescent Health Promotion Scale were used. The data of the research were analyzed with the SPSS 22.0 program. Percentage, mean, Pearson Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in the analyzes. The p<0.05 value was considered statistically significant in the evaluations. Results: In the study, 55.8% were female and the mean age of the whole group was 16.09±2.63 years. The mean score of eHealth Literacy scale was 29.40±6.29. The mean of the total scores obtained from the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale was 137.97±21.87. Among the adolescents 96.0% didn’t use alcohol and 81% didn’t smoke. The rate of annual weight measure was 68.8%. Measurements of annual blood pressure, annual blood iron, annual cholesterol, annual dental examination and regular exercise rate were below 50%. There was a significant positive correlation between eHealth literacy and the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to predict eHealth literacy using the variables of Adolescent Health Promotion and preventive health practices. eHealth literacy was positively and significantly predicts health promotion behaviors (β= 0.27, t (695)= 7.54, p<0.001). eHealth literacy increased annual weight measurement by more than 0.13 (β=0.13), the annual blood iron measurement by more than 0.16 (β=0.16), annual dental examination by more than 0.11 (β=0.11). Conclusions: Adolescents ehealth literacy was high and effected via health promotion activities and preventive health practices. Developing eHealth litracy interventions will be important for environments with a high concentration of adolescents (schools, courses). Also, primary health care services should be entegrated with school environment.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0123.v2

Deciphering Pain in Vulnerable People with Chronic Conditions

Charlotte Faurie, Demi Cheng, Claire Duflos, Liset E.M. Elstgeest, Rosanna Ferreira, Hein Raat, Verushka Valsecchi, Alberto Pilotto, Graham Baker, Marta María Pisano-Gónzalez, Yves-Marie Pers

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: chronic pain; patient education; vulnerable populations; low income; quality of life

Online: 14 March 2023 (01:42:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0234.v1

The Effects of Antiperspirant Aluminum Chlorohydrate on the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis

Ayse Aras, Suna Sibel Rizvanoglu, Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Basar Karaca, Mujde Eryilmaz

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: aluminum chlorohydrate; antibiotic resistance; minimum inhibitory concentration; quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR; Staphylococcus epidermidis

Online: 13 March 2023 (14:04:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0123.v1

Deciphering Pain in Vulnerable People with Chronic Conditions

Charlotte Faurie, Demi Cheng, Claire Duflos, Liset E.M. Elstgeest, Rosanna Ferreira, Hein Raat, Verushka Valsecchi, Alberto Pilotto, Graham Baker, Marta María Pisano-Gónzalez, Yves-Marie Pers

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: chronic pain; patient education; vulnerable populations; low income; quality of life

Online: 7 March 2023 (03:06:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0119.v1

Renal Denervation Helps Preserve the Ejection Fraction by Pre-Serving Endocardial-Endothelial Function During Heart Failure

Sathnur Pushpakumar, Mahavir Singh, Yuting Zheng, Oluwaseun E. Akinterinwa, Sri Prakash L. Mokshagundam, Utpal Sen, Dinesh K. Kalra, Suresh C. Tyagi

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Antioxidant molecules; Cardiac health; Mechanism of heart failure; Cardiac activity

Online: 7 March 2023 (02:19:50 CET)

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Although renal denervation (RDN) protects against hypertension, hypertrophy, and heart failure (HF), it is not clear whether RDN preserves ejection fraction (EF) during heart failure (HFpEF). To test this hypothesis, we simulated chronic congestive cardiopulmonary heart failure (CHF) by creating aorta-vena cava fistula (AVF) in C57BL/6J wild type (WT) mice. There are four ways to create experimental CHF: (1) myocardial infarction (MI) which is basically ligating coronary by instrumenting and injuring the heart; (2) trans-aortic constriction (TAC), although it mimics systematic hypertension but TAC again constricts aorta on top of the heart and exposes the heart; (3) acquired CHF such as by dietary factors, diabetes/salt diets etc. but it is multifactorial, and finally (4) AVF, which is the only one wherein AVF is created ~1cm below the kidney where the aorta and vena cava share the common middle-wall. By creating fistula, the red blood enters vena cava without an injury to the heart. This model mimics CHF such as during aging where with age the preload keeps increasing than the aging heart can pump out due to the weakened cardiac myocytes. This also involves the right ventricle to lung to left ventricle flow, thus creating congestion. The heart in AVF goes to transition from preserved to reduced EF (i.e., HFpEF to HFrEF). In fact, there are more models of volume overload, such as the pacing-induced and mitral valve regurgitation but these are also injurious models. Our lab is one of the original labs in creating and studying the AVF phenotype. The RDN was created by treating the cleaned bilateral renal artery. After 6 weeks, blood, heart, and renal samples were analyzed for exosome, cardiac regeneration markers and renal cortex proteinases. Cardiac function was analyzed by echocardiogram (ECHO). Fibrosis was analyzed with trichrome staining. The results suggested that there was robust increase in exosomes’ level in AVF blood, suggesting compensatory systemic response during AVF-CHF. During AVF there was no change in cardiac eNOS, Wnt1 and β-catenin, however; during RDN there was robust increase in eNOS, Wnt1 and β-catenin compared to the sham group. As expected in HFpEF there was perivascular fibrosis, hypertrophy and pEF. Interestingly, increased levels of eNOS suggested that despite fibrosis, the NO generation was higher that most likely contributed to pEF during HF. The RDN intervention revealed an increase in renal cortical caspase 8 and a decrease in caspase 9. Since caspase 8 is protective and caspase 9 is apoptotic, we suggest that RDN protects against renal stresses, and apoptosis. Our findings also suggest that RDN is cardioprotective during HFpEF via the preservation of eNOS and accompanied endocardial-endothelial function.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0097.v1

Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines Against the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2

Kritika Srinivasan Rajsri, Meena Singh, Mana Rao

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Bivalent COVID-19 vaccine; COVID-19 vaccination booster; COVID-19; Omicron; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 6 March 2023 (07:00:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0009.v1

Integrating AI/ML Models for Patient Stratification Leveraging Omics Dataset and Clinical Biomarkers from COVID-19 Patients: A Promising Approach to Personalized Medicine

Babatunde Bello, Yogesh Naren Bundey, Roshan Bhave, Maksim Khotimchenko, Szczepan W. Baran, Kaushik Chakravarty, Jyotika Varshney

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; artificial intelligence; omics; patient stratification; risk management

Online: 1 March 2023 (03:37:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0508.v1

Development and Validation of DAFNE: A Web Based Tool for Determining Airway Treatment Options for OSA and Nasal Breathing Disorders

Karen Parker Davidson, William E Harrell, Jr.

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: nasal function; validation; software; nasal resistance; rhinomanometry; acoustic rhinometry; peak nasal inspiratory flow meter; practice patterns; objective measurement outcomes; parameters

Online: 28 February 2023 (06:32:27 CET)

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Abstract: Background: The diagnosis of nasal airway disorders relies on questionnaires, subjective data, and objective data. Interpretation of objective data obtained from measurement technology is not well understood by providers and researchers who use the equipment to test nasal airway function, justifying the need to cre-ate a new clinical tool. The Davidson Airway Function & Nasal Evaluation (DAFNE) Scoring System is a web-based scoring system that allows healthcare providers (MDs, PAs, PTs, APRNs, DMDs, DDSs, SLPs, and DCs) and researchers who treat nasal obstruction and breathing disorders to make more accurate diagnostic decisions, select the appropriate treatment for individualized patient care, monitor treatment progression and outcomes, and show how to approach a collaborative care model with other healthcare professionals. The current technologies, such as 4-phase rhinomanometry, use a simple approach that relies on a measurement tracing intersecting a color-coded y-axis on a four-quadrant graph with diagnostic numeric data output de-scribing nasal airflow and resistance. This is a good source of biofeedback demonstrating abnormal nasal breathing patterns but lacks interpretation guidelines to describe the severity of disease. The more sophisti-cated proprietary DAFNE approach uses multiple parameters which include airflow restriction, speed, vol-ume, and patient characteristics to identify patients’ disease progression much more accurately. Additionally, it explains how to segregate patients into appropriate treatment options which minimizes risks and compli-cations associated with sleep and breathing disorders while improving patient outcomes. Methods: Electronic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE Cochrane Library, and Scopus of publications between 1988-2022 were necessary to identify studies which determined the ranges of nasal function measurement parameters among three airway measurement technologies used in writing the DAFNE Score algorithm. The performance of DAFNE was evaluated compared to the research data and patient demographics used in previous studies. Results: By using primary outcome measurements from the literature, we were able to create a reliable, re-peatable, and validated tool to facilitate patient identification, treatment stratification, and collaboration for sleep and nasal breathing dysfunction. Subsequently, we found DAFNE could be used to identify the appro-priateness of a sleep study. Conclusions: DAFNE Scoring System has demonstrated the ability to detect high risk patients in the pediatric and adult populations susceptible of sleep apnea and breathing dysfunction needing a sleep study and treatment to improve nasal airway function and sleep. DAFNE Scoring System should be used as an adjunct tool in routine clinical practice and research to further understand the technol-ogy data output, identify patients at risk, stratify treatment options, progress, and stabilization after treatment, and how to collaborate with other healthcare providers to improve patient outcomes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0469.v1

Evaluation of the Haematological Patterns from up to 985 Days of Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vanessa Costa Alves Galúcio, Daniel Carvalho de Menezes, Patrícia Danielle Lima de Lima, Vera Regina da Cunha Menezes Palácios, Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos, Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma, Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Long COVID; Laboratory Markers; Haematological Tests

Online: 27 February 2023 (09:53:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0461.v1

The Case For Including Neuroprotective Factors in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Questionnaires

Robert Reed

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Prion Disease; Creutzfeldt-Jakob; Diet; Dementia

Online: 27 February 2023 (08:42:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0415.v1

Heart Rate Estimation by Video-Based Reflec-tance Photoplethysmography

Ozzy King

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: reflectance PPG; reflectance photoplethysmography; heart rate estimation; video

Online: 24 February 2023 (02:52:59 CET)

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Non-invasive heart rate (HR) monitoring is important in clinical settings as it plays a critical role in diagnosing a range of health conditions and assessing well-being. Presently, the gold standards for HR measurement are all based on sensors which require skin contact. Apart from inconvenience, contact sensors have proven problematic in certain scenarios – they cannot be used when mechanical isolation of the patient is imperative (burn victims, patients with shaky hands and feet), cause skin damage to premature babies in the ICU and increase the risk of spreading infections. Non-contact HR monitoring using a camera has been recently shown to be a viable alternative. It is now possible to record cardiac-synchronous blood volume variations from facial videos of human subjects under ambient lighting. These variations produce corresponding changes in skin reflectance which can be extracted as a raw reflectance photoplethysmography (rPPG) signal and processed to reveal HR. In this project, an algorithmic framework for webcam-based HR detection was successfully implemented in MATLAB. The investigation was based on 100 self-captured videos (dark-skinned subject) and 48 videos (from 12 subjects, all but one fair-skinned) obtained from COHFACE – an online database of facial videos and corresponding physiological signals. While the performance metrics (mean error, SNR) of the rPPG signals obtained from the self-captured videos were poor (best case mean error of 22%), they were good enough to demonstrate the success of the implementation. The poor results were primarily imputed to skin tone as rPPG SNR is known to be particularly low for dark tones. The results of the COHFACE videos were far superior, with mean error ranging from 3% to 15% (among 8 different rPPG signals) and 0% to 9% under ambient and dedicated lighting, respectively. This investigation sets the foundation for future research directed at optimizing rPPG performance metrics for dark-skinned subjects.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0414.v1

All-Cause Mortality According to COVID-19 Vaccination Status: an analysis of the UK Office for National Statistics Public Data

Alberto Donzelli, Giovanni Malatesta, Giovanni Di Palmo, Marco Cosentino, Marco Alessandria

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccinations; all-cause mortality; relative risk

Online: 24 February 2023 (02:03:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0392.v1

Side Preference for Wrist Fractures Caused by Falls from a Standing Height in Old Age

Ariel Zohar, David Maman, Eyal Behrbalk

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Distal radius fracture; fall; elderly; older adults

Online: 23 February 2023 (01:57:10 CET)

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Introduction: Fractures in older individuals are often caused by falls, with approximately 90% of hip fractures resulting from falls. The risk of falling increases with age, and while a significant portion of individuals over 65 fall at least once per year, only a small percentage of these falls result in hip fractures. Factors that influence the likelihood of a fracture occurring include the intensity of the fall and the quality of the bone, with lower bone mineral content increasing the risk of fracture. Older women, particularly those in their 70s, are significantly more prone to hip fractures and any type of fracture. Efforts to reduce the likelihood of falls or mitigate the associated trauma are more complex than treating osteoporosis, due in part to a lack of understanding of the causes and contributing factors of falls in older age.Methods: This study analyzed data from patients admitted to Carmel medical center with upper or lower limb fractures between 2017 and 2019 to determine the side of wrist fractures and compare it to patient age in order to examine whether there was a difference in the distribution of sides in distal radius fractures based on age and test the hypothesis that falls are more likely to occur on the left side due to the assumption that dominant hand gross motor skills are better preserved. The study received approval from the Institutional Helsinki Committee and used statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Potential sources of bias include limited availability of reliable data for many patients and the risk of errors in fracture registration or diagnosis, although the small sample size is expected to minimize these biases.Results: In this analysis of patient data from 2019 to 2017, a binomial test found that the probability of breaking the left wrist is significantly greater than the probability of breaking the right wrist (p < 0.05), while a t-test found no difference in the distribution of fractures between the right and left wrists of the distal radius based on age (p = 0.2774). Discussion: The findings of the study are consistent with previous research, and indicate that there is no change in side preference for fractures with age. Conclusion: The probability of breaking the left wrist is approximately 1.5 times greater than the probability of breaking the right wrist.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0356.v1

The Utility of ChatGPT as an Example of Large Language Models in Healthcare Education, Research and Practice: Systematic Review on the Future Perspectives and Potential Limitations

Malik Sallam

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: machine learning; digital health; artificial intelligence; healthcare; ethics

Online: 21 February 2023 (08:58:06 CET)

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An artificial intelligence (AI)-based conversational large language model (LLM) was launched in November 2022 namely, “ChatGPT”. Despite the wide array of potential applications of LLMs in healthcare education, research and practice, several valid concerns were raised. The current systematic review aimed to investigate the possible utility of ChatGPT and to highlight its limitations in healthcare education, research and practice. Using the PRIMSA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted to retrieve English records in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar under the term “ChatGPT”. Eligibility criteria included the published research or preprints of any type that discussed ChatGPT in the context of healthcare education, research and practice. A total of 280 records were identified, and following full screening, a total of 60 records were eligible for inclusion. Benefits/applications of ChatGPT were cited in 51/60 (85.0%) records with the most common being the utility in scientific writing followed by benefits in healthcare research (efficient analysis of massive datasets, code generation and rapid concise literature reviews besides utility in drug discovery and development). Benefits in healthcare practice included cost saving, documentation, personalized medicine and improved health literacy. Concerns/possible risks of ChatGPT use were expressed in 58/60 (96.7%) records with the most common being the ethical issues including the risk of bias, plagiarism, copyright issues, transparency issues, legal issues, lack of originality, incorrect responses, limited knowledge, and inaccurate citations. Despite the promising applications of ChatGPT which can result in paradigm shifts in healthcare education, research and practice, the embrace of this application should be done with extreme caution. Specific applications of ChatGPT in health education include the promising utility in personalized learning tools and shift towards more focus on critical thinking and problem-based learning. In healthcare practice, ChatGPT can be valuable for streamlining the workflow and refining personalized medicine. Saving time for the focus on experimental design and enhancing research equity and versatility are the benefits in scientific research. Regarding authorship in scientific articles, as it currently stands, ChatGPT does not qualify to be listed as an author unless the ICJME/COPE guidelines are revised and amended. An initiative involving all stakeholders involved in healthcare education, research and practice is urgently needed to set a code of ethics and conduct on the responsible practices involving ChatGPT among other LLMs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0350.v1

Is there a Link between the 2021 COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Europe and 2022 Excess All-Cause Mortality?

Jarle Aarstad, Olav Andreas Kvitastein

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; vaccination; all-cause mortality; excess mortality; causal inferences; ecological fallacy; individualistic fallacy

Online: 21 February 2023 (03:49:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0342.v1

First Clinical Comparison of STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA and the QIAreachTM QuantiFERON-TB for Tuberculosis Infection in Tertiary Public Hospital in South America

Gustavo Saint-Pierre, Daniel Conei, Patricia Cantillana, Mariella Raijmakers, Andrea Vera, Daniela Gutierrez, Cristopher Kennedy, Paulina Peralta, Paulina Ramonda

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Latent Tuberculoses; Latent Tuberculosis Infections; Koch's Disease; Interferon-gamma Release Assay; Tuberculin Tests; Rapid Diagnostic Test

Online: 20 February 2023 (13:37:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0320.v1

A Novel Noninvasive Technology for Real-Time Assessment of Critical Blood Values: A Pilot Clinical Study

Rüdiger H. Ettrich, Joshua Caballero, Sultan Ahmed, Traci Hurlston, Jayesh Parmar, Subrata Deb

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: non-invasive; point-of-care testing; blood values; Radial arterial blood; blood gas; transcutaneous; algorithm

Online: 20 February 2023 (06:07:08 CET)

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There are several point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for measuring critical laboratory values, but real-time utility can be cumbersome considering need for blood draws, multiple cartridges, and potential for delays in obtaining results. Digital Blood Corporation (DBC) developed an algorithm for non-invasive, real-time measurement of multiple values. The objective of this study was to compare the values obtained using a POCT device with the DBC’s non-invasive methodology and to evaluate the robustness of the algorithm. After Institutional Review Board approval, a pilot and feasibility study was conducted in healthy ambulatory individuals aged 18-64 years. Radial arterial blood was collected for the POCT comparator analysis using the Abbott i-STAT® device. The four parameters directly measured for DBC’s algorithm included temperature, hemoglobin, and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide (pO2 and pCO2, respectively). Using these values, the algorithm calculated sodium, potassium, chloride, ionized calcium (iCa), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), pH, bicarbonate, and oxygen saturation (SO2). Bland-Altman difference plot were calculated for analyzing the agreement between the Abbott i-STAT® device and DBC’s non-invasive methodology. For a second set of data, pO2 and pCO2 values collected using the Abbott i-STAT® device were used as input for DBC’s algorithm to test robustness of the algorithm. Data from 37 participants (mean age: 42.4 + 13 years; range: 18-64 years) were included in the primary analysis. Mean difference was less than 5% for sodium, chloride, pH, SO2, and bicarbonate; 6-10% for hemoglobin, TCO2 and pCO2; and greater than 10% for iCA, potassium, and pO2. The greatest variation between POCT and DBC’s approach was observed for pO2. Algorithm values that depend upon pO2 precision obtained from the TINA TCM4 radiometer are expected to show greatest deviation. Replacing transcutaneous pO2 and pCO2 values from the TINA TCM4 instrument with Abbott i-STAT values demonstrates the robustness of DBC’s algorithm and its ability to predict blood values comparable to the POC device in healthy patients. This pilot study serves as a proof of concept to trigger future study and further development of the DBC’s non-invasive device in critical care settings and test the usability of the device via quantitative and qualitative measures with different healthcare providers (e.g., pharmacists, nurses, paramedics). The broader clinical significance especially among critically ill adults and children remains to be determined.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0294.v1

Particle Exposure Hazards of Visiting Outdoor Smoking Areas for Patients with Asthma or COPD Even in EU Countries with Comprehensive Smokefree Laws

Sheila Keogan, Tamara Alonso, Salome Sunday, Olena Tigova, Esteve Fernández, Maria José López, Silvano Gallus, Sean Semple, Anna Tzortzi, Roberto Boffi, Giuseppe Gorini, Angel Lopez-Nicholas, Joan Hanafin, Cornel Radu-Loghin, Joan B Soriano, Luke Clancy

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Smokefree laws; COPD; asthma; particle exposure; sensors; outside areas

Online: 17 February 2023 (03:26:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0532.v2

Myrtus communis Leaves: Source of Bioactives, Traditional Use and their Biological Properties

Mushtaq Mir

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: natural products; plant extracts; Myrtus communis; medicinal plants; antimicrobial; antioxidants; antiviral; biofilm inhibition

Online: 7 February 2023 (03:33:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0112.v1

The Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) on the Systemic Inflammatory Markers (IL-6 and IL-8) in β-Thalassemia Patients with Gingivitis

Ayesha Hanif, Moazzam Ali Shahid, Komal Khan, Asim Qidwai

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Thalassemia major; periodontal diseases; interleukins; gingivitis

Online: 7 February 2023 (02:51:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0007.v1

Safety and Efficacy of Autologous Stem Cell Treatment for Facetogenic Chronic Back Pain

Ralf Dirk Rothoerl, Junee Tomelden, Eckhard Udo Alt

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Facet joint syndrome; adipose tissue-derived regenerative cells

Online: 1 February 2023 (04:40:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0532.v1

Myrtus Communis Leaves; Source of Bioactives, Traditional Use and Their Biological Properties

Mushtaq Mir

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Natural products; Plant extracts; Myrtus Communis; Medicinal plants; Antimicrobial; Antioxidants; Antiviral; Biofilm inhibition

Online: 30 January 2023 (02:26:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0518.v1

‘Langya’ Virus, A Zoonotic Henipavirus Recently Emerged in China, Public Health Concerns, and Counteracting Prevention and Control Measures- An Update

Ranjit Sah, Jaffer Shah, Priyanka Rao, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Aroop Mohanty, Mohd Iqbal Yatoo, Deepak Chandran, Nahed A El Sh, Praveen SV, Talha Bin Emran, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Kuldeep Dhama

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Langya virus; henipavirus; animal spillover; zoonosis; public health concerns; prevention and control measures

Online: 28 January 2023 (04:53:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0508.v1

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abdoulaye Diawara, Djibril Mamadou Coulibaly, Drissa Kone, Mama A. Traore, Dicko S. Bazi, Oumar Kassogue, Djeneba Sylla, Fatoumata Gniné Fofana, Oudou Diabaté, Mamadou Sangaré, Ibrahim Antoine Nieantao, Kaly Keїta, Mamadou Diarra, Jian Li, Cheickna Cisse, Talib Yusuf Abbas, Crystal Zheng, Segun Fatumo, Kassim Traore, Mamadou Wele, Mahamadou Diakité, Seydou O. Doumbia, Jeffrey G. Shaffer

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: cholesterol; cross-sectional study; dyslipidemia; lipids; Mali; type 2 diabetes

Online: 28 January 2023 (01:29:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0493.v1

Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment (Ipt) and the Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women in Iganga District, Uganda for Financial Year 2019/2020

Prossy Nakito, David Muwanguzi, Daniel Lukooya, Gloria Tumukunde

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Plasmodium; malaria; Intermittent Preventive Treatment; Prevalence and Public health facilities

Online: 27 January 2023 (06:40:54 CET)

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Introduction: Uganda has got the highest prevalence rate of malaria among the risk groups compared to other parts of the world. In addition, Uganda bears a particularly large burden from the disease which is limited by a lack of reliable data, but it is clear that the prevalence of malaria infection, incidence of disease, and mortality among pregnant women all remain very high. According to the Iganga DHIS2 Jan-May report, a higher number of pregnant women received Intermittent Preventive Treatment one (IPT1) and the numbers dropped for IPT2 and IPT3. The district is also referral point of the greater Busoga region and has got several challenges towards malaria control. The study aimed at assessing the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment and the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Iganga district so as to generate evidence for scaling up appropriate interventions for IPT uptake among pregnant women. Methods: The research was a retrospective study using secondary data to assess the uptake of IPT and prevalence of malaria for financial year 2019/2020 in nine Public Health Centre IIIs and one Public Health Centre IV. In this study IPT was defined as the administration of a curative dose of an effective antimalarial drug to all pregnant women without testing for presence of malaria parasite and at least three doses as recommended. Secondary data from HMIS was obtained and analyzed to assess the uptake of IPT services and the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was determined using proportions. Results: The study found that of 6,672 women who received the first dose of IPT-SP, 1671 (25%) of the women received less than 2 doses of IPT and 46% of pregnant women received more than 2 doses of IPT. The study showed that a total of 3,435 pregnant women tested positive for malaria which brings the prevalence to 50%, and being highest among pregnant women aged 20-24 years at 50%. Conclusions: The study showed that the uptake of IPT was relatively low among lower age groups with a relatively high prevalence of malaria among the same age group. This calls for all stakeholders (DHO, MOH, Iganga District, NGOs e.t.c) urgent attention thus to ensure mass sensitization about malaria and IPT importance with IEC and ITN distribution, early diagnosis and treatment, giving incentives to ANC attending mothers, control of the vector.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0491.v1

Therapeutic Potential of Alternanthera Brasiliana and Fridericia Platyphylla Plants on Bone Healing in Rats

Camila Silva de Morais Pinheiro, Vicente pinheiro Neto, Joice Cortez de Sá Sousa, José Ribamar Da Silva Júnior, Cláudia Quintino da Rocha Oliveira, Ellen Caroline da Silva Penha, Thalisson Kaynan Reis Silva, Ícaro Rodrigo Dutra Cunha, Antônio Carlos Romão Borges, Fábio Henrique Evangelista De Andrade, Marilene Oliveira da Rocha Borges

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Bone healing; bone fracture; herbal medicine; osteogenesis; bone alkaline phosphatase

Online: 27 January 2023 (06:31:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0470.v1

Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in the Pathophysiology and Management of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

Ram B Singh, Ghizal Fatima, Jan Fedacko, Villiam Mojto, Zuzana Sumbalová, Alex Tarnava, Oleg Pokotilo, Eugeny I Nazarov, Kyu-Jae Lee, Kristina. Ferenczyova, Jana Vlkovlkova, Barbora Kalocayova, Barbora Kalocayova, Jan Slezak, Cheol-Su Kim

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Antioxidant; free radical stress; endothelial dysfunction; dyslipidemia; diet

Online: 26 January 2023 (08:20:52 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0469.v1

Fremanezumab and Non-High-Dose Galcanezumab for Comorbid Cluster Headache in Patients With Migraine: 3 Cases

Kenta Kashiwagi, Masahito Katsuki, Shin Kawamura, Senju Tachikawa, Atsuko Ono, Akihito Koh

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies; cluster headache; migraine; real-world; galcanezumab; fremanezumab; comorbidity

Online: 26 January 2023 (04:24:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0433.v1

Risk Factors for Mortality of Adult Patients With COVID-19: A Two-Year Cohort Study in a Private Tertiary Care Center in Mexico

Carlos Axel López Pérez, Francisco Javier Santa Cruz Pavlovich, Juan Eduardo Montiel Cortés, Adriana Nuñez Muratalla, Ruth Bibani Morán González, Ricardo Villanueva Gaona, Xochitl Franco Mojica, Denisse Gabriela Moreno Sandoval, Joselyn Anacaren González Bañuelos, Alan Ulises López Pérez, Marily Flores González, Cristina Grijalva Ruiz, Edna Daniela Valdez Mendoza, Luis Renee González Lucano, Martín López Zendejas

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; Cohort; Mortality; Mexico

Online: 24 January 2023 (13:21:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0426.v1

Contribution of Live Video to Physicians’ Remote Assessment of Suspected COVID19 Patients in an Emergency Medical Communication Centre: A Retrospective Study and Web-Based Survey

Robert Larribau, Beth Healey, Victor Nathan Chappuis, Dominique Boussard, Florent Guiche, Tara Herren, Birgit Andrea Gartner, Laurent Suppan

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Dispatch; Emergency Medical Dispatch; Emergency Medical Communication Centre; Video Live; COVID19; Emergency Call; Video triage; Public Safety Answering Point; Telemedecine; Emergency Medical Services; Remote assessment; Triage

Online: 24 January 2023 (08:20:00 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0365.v1

The Role of Natural Factors that Optimize Redox Status in Combating Type 2 Diabetes

Dawn S. Tuell, Evan A. Los, George A. Ford, William L. Stone

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: antioxidants; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; type 2 diabetes; pediatrics; redox; glycemic control; exercise; vitamin E; glutathione

Online: 19 January 2023 (15:10:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0341.v1

Towards Predicting Length of Stay and Identification of Cohort Risk Factors Using Self-Attention Based Transformers and Association Mining: Covid-19 as Phenotype

Fakhare Alam, Obieda Ananbeh, Khalid Mahmood Malik, Abdulrahman Al Odayani, Ibrahim Bin Hussain, Naoufel Kaabia, Amal Al Aidaroos

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Deep Learning; COVID-19; Clinical Informatics; Machine Learning; Transformer; Association Mining

Online: 19 January 2023 (02:00:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0333.v1

Do Anti-Biofilm Antibiotics Have A Place in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis?

Eric M Senneville, Benoit Gachet, Nicolas Blondiaux, Olivier Robineau

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: diabetic foot osteomyelitis; biofilm; antimicrobial resistance; adverse effects; rifampicin; fluoro-quinolones

Online: 18 January 2023 (10:00:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0324.v1

An Assessment of the Level of Compliance to Guidelines for Prevention of Covid-19 in Public Places in Iganga District, Uganda

Prossy Nakito, David Muwanguzi, Daniel Lukooya, Gloria Tumukunde

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19 SOPs; Level of Compliance

Online: 18 January 2023 (07:54:44 CET)

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Introduction: Since its emergence COVID-19 has become a global health threat. In Uganda, a number of COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) have been put in place by the Ministry of Health Uganda, to mitigate the outbreak of the deadly COVID-19 pandemic among the population. Despite the putting in place COVID-19 SOPs, the deadly COVID-19 pandemic is still ravaging the population of Iganga District. This study investigated the level of compliance to guidelines for prevention of COVID-19 in public places in Iganga District so as to guide decision makers in making recommendations towards the entire public in order to prevent community acquisition and spread of COVID-19. Methodology: To deliver answers to the research objectives, the study adopted a cross-sectional survey design to guide the study process. Quantitative method of data collection using observational checklist were adopted for this study. The same data abstraction form helped to collect data from 3 public places which included: 3 markets, 5 public transport stations and 8 financial banks. Compliance was measured were the YES scored 1 and NO scored 0 and the ten indicators measured included: temperature screening, wearing of face masks, hand washing or sanitizing, physical distancing of at least 2 meters, information display on COVID-19, regular cleaning of public service places, cleaning of communal places, adequate ventilation, adequate waste management facilities and cleanliness of the work area. Overall a 4 point Likert scale used was: 0-2 poor, 3-5 fair, 6-8 good, 9-10 excellent were each indicator was equally important. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 spread sheet packages to generate tables and bar graphs. Results: Out of 5 public transportation stations studied, 80% were observed to be poorly compliant to covid-19 SOPs. On the other hand, out of 8 Financial Banks included in this study, 75% were observed to have excellent compliance levels to COVID-19 SOPs. Meanwhile, out of 3 Market places studied, 66.7% were observed to be poorly compliant to covid-19 SOPs. Conclusion; The results of the study revealed that; public places in Iganga district generally have low level of compliance to COVID-19 SOPs in terms of temperature screening, wearing of face masks, hand washing or sanitizing, social distancing of at least 2 meters and information display on COVID-19 Dos and Don’ts. Our findings suggest that there is a need to mobilize the population in Iganga district to comply with COVID-19 SOPs in terms of temperature screening, wearing of face masks, hand washing or sanitizing, social distancing of at least 2 meters and information display on COVID-19 Dos and Don’ts.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0293.v1

Sociobehavioral, Biological and Health Characteristics of Riverside People in the Xingu Region, Pará, Brazil

Dalberto Lucianelli-Junior, Adenilson Leão Pereira, Ozélia Sousa Santos, Maria do Carmo Faria Paes, Yuji Magalhães Ikuta, Rodrigo Silveira, Fernanda Nogueira Valentin

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: education level; eating behavior; healthy lifestyle habits; non-communicable chronic diseases; machine learning

Online: 17 January 2023 (01:52:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0229.v1

A Prospective Cohort Study of Psoriatic Arthritis Prevalence in A Serbian Patients with Psoriasis

Elvis Mahmutović, Emir Biševac, Ardea Milidrag, Zoran Bajin, Ksenija Bošković, Zana Dolićanin

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: psoriasis; psoriatic arthropathy; psoriasis and association

Online: 13 January 2023 (01:52:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0198.v1

Urate-Lowering Therapy Use Among US Adults with Gout and the Relationship Between Gout Treatment Status and Associated Comorbidities

Marcos Ortiz-Uriarte, Jeanlouis Betancourt-Gaztambide, Alexandra Perez Rivera, Youssef Malak Roman

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: gout; urate-lowering therapy; serum uric acid; pharmacoepidemiologic study; comorbidities

Online: 11 January 2023 (10:37:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0086.v1

Determination of Treatment Efficacy of Lung Cancer using Diffusion-Weighted Whole Body Imaging with Background Suppression（DWIBS）Quantification Software (BD Score)

Yasuhiro Yamamoto, Tetsuya Numa, Kaori Matsuda, Yoshio Okazaki, Seiichirou Watanabe, Shin Kimoto, Takao Hiraki, Taro Takahara

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: diffusion-weighted whole body imaging with background suppression（DWIBS）; magnetic res-onance imaging (MRI); lung cancer; response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST); ap-parent diffusion coefficient (ADC); BD Score

Online: 5 January 2023 (01:43:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0072.v1

Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Perception towards the Vaccination among Female University Students in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Fatema Mehejabin, Md. Sahidur Rahman, Meherun Neesa Naznin Alam, Nazmul Alam

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: cervical cancer; human papilloma virus; KAP study; questionnaire survey; knowledge and perception; cancer screening test; vaccination

Online: 4 January 2023 (07:45:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0003.v1

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward Hepatitis B Infection among Healthcare Students; A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan.

Nader Alaridah, Rayan M. Joudeh, Haneen Al-Abdallat, Raba’a F. Jarrar, Layan Ismail, Mohammad Jum’ah, Zaina S Alnajjar, Eman Alzyoud, Zaina Battah, Aya Battah, Manar Alshami, Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice; Jordan

Online: 3 January 2023 (04:33:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0278.v2

Modification of Sympathetic and Hypothalamic Responses to Prevent Complications of COVID-19 “Dam and Wall Concept”

Sanjiv K. Hyoju

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: stress response system; sympathetic activity; HPA(Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal) axis; SARS-CoV-2; catecholamine; corticosteroids; clonidine; dexamethasone

Online: 30 December 2022 (02:43:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0562.v1

Are Saudi Healthcare Workers (HCW) Willing to Receive the Monkeypox Virus Vaccine?

Abdullah M. Alarifi, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Ranjit Sah

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Monkeypox vaccine; vaccine willingness; healthcare workers

Online: 29 December 2022 (14:35:18 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0541.v1

Spiral Steroid (SS) Phosphodiesters: Role in Pregnancy

Fred Chasalow

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Ionotropin; Kaleotropin; Galotropin; Pre-eclampsia; Spiral Steroids; Necrotizing Enterocolitis; Cardiotonic glycosides; lactone; digoxin-like materials; DLM

Online: 28 December 2022 (12:24:39 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0525.v1

Survival of Inpatients under 5 Years Old with Bronchiolitis by Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Oliver Mendoza-Cano, Xóchitl Trujillo, Miguel Huerta, Mónica Ríos-Silva, José Guzmán-Esquivel, Verónica Benites-Godínez, Jaime Alberto Bricio-Barrios, Eder Fernando Ríos-Bracamontes, Agustín Lugo-Radillo, Efrén Murillo-Zamora

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Child; Bronchiolitis; Survival.

Online: 28 December 2022 (02:37:39 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0493.v1

An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 Variants from Alpha to Omicron: Epidemiology, Treatment Plans and Preventive Strategies for Future Pandemic

Siddharthan Selvaraj, Somasundaram Prasadh, Ling Shing Wong, Sinouvassane Djearamane, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Shivkanya Fuloria, Mahendran Sekar, Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani, Saminathan Kayarohanam, Vinodhkumar Ramalingam, Suganya Mahadeva Rao, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: SARS CoV-2; Variants; Epidemiology; Treatment Plans; Preventive Strategies

Online: 26 December 2022 (15:48:43 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0469.v1

Vaccination and Younger Age Are Associated with Recurrent Laboratory-Confirmed Symptomatic SARS-Cov-2 Infections

Mónica Ríos-Silva, Xóchitl Trujillo, Miguel Huerta, José Guzmán-Esquivel, Verónica Benites-Godínez, Agustín Lugo-Radillo, Jaime Alberto Bricio-Barrios, Eder Fernando Ríos-Bracamontes, Vannya Marisol Ortega-Macías, Valeria Ruiz-Montes de Oca, Oliver Mendoza-Cano, Efrén Murillo-Zamora

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Reinfection

Online: 26 December 2022 (03:53:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0440.v1

Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship in a District Hospital in the Ashanti Region of Ghana Using a Health Partnership Model

Obed Kwabena Offe Amponsah, Aaron J. Courtenay, Ahmed Abuelhana, Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng, Douglas Anning Opoku, Lawrence Kobbina Blay, Nana Akua Abruquah, Annabella Bensusan Osafo, Charlotte Boachie Danquah, Phyllis Tawiah, Mercy Naa Aduele Opare-Addo, Alex Owusu-Ofori, Kwame Ohene Buabeng

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Antimicrobial stewardship; Point prevalence survey; Antimicrobial resistance; Ghana; CwPAMS; Antibiotic use; THET

Online: 23 December 2022 (03:53:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0410.v1

Association of Heart Rate Variability with Pulmonary Function Impairment and Symptomatology Post-COVID-19 Hospitalization

Estelle A.M.C. Adang, Maud T. A. Strous, Joop van den Bergh, Debbie Gach, Vivian E.M. Van Kampen, Roel E.P. van Zeeland, Dennis G. Barten, Frits H. M van Osch

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Heart rate variability; COVID-19; post-COVID-19 condition; long COVID; autonomic dysfunction; vagal nerve activity; symptomatology; lung function

Online: 22 December 2022 (03:13:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0381.v1

Review of Research on Mortality from Melioidosis in Malaysia

Kamaruddin Mardhiah, Nadiah Wan-Arfah, Nyi Nyi Naing, Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan, Huan-Keat Chan

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Epidemiology; melioidosis; infectious disease; mortality; risk factors; transmission

Online: 21 December 2022 (03:42:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0348.v1

Antimicrobial Treatment of Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilms

Felipe Francisco Tuon, Paula Hansen Suss, Joao Paulo Telles, Leticia Ramos Dantas, Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: antibiotic; biofilm; infections; Staphylococcus aureus; therapeutic antibiofilm

Online: 20 December 2022 (03:24:37 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0327.v1

Painless Compartment Syndrome

Arsen Shpigelman, David Maman, Fadi Khalil Hanna, Jeries Hakim, Dimitri Vodovozov, Benjamin Bernfeld

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: compartment syndrome; painless; myopathy; fasciotomy; subtrochanteric fracture

Online: 19 December 2022 (07:24:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0296.v1

Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

Yulia A Makarova, Varvara A Ryabkova, Vladimir V Salukhov, Boris V Sagun, Aleksandr E Korovin, Leonid P Churilov

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: atherosclerosis; COVID-19; inflammation; cardiovascular system; cytokines; endothelium; lipoproteins; renin-angiotensin system; atheroma; autoimmunity; vasa vasorum.

Online: 16 December 2022 (06:32:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0287.v1

Protective Effect of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) against Kidney Diseases

Luis L. Ayusso, Ana Paula Girol, Emmanuel A. Burdmann

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: green tea; EGCG; oxidative stress; acute kidney injury; chronic kidney disease; kidney stones; diabetic nephropathy

Online: 15 December 2022 (15:48:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0224.v1

Autoantibody Correlation Signatures in Fibromyalgia and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Association with Symptom Severity

Varvara A Ryabkova, Natalia Y Gavrilova, Alina A Poletaeva, Aleksandr I Pukhalenko, Irina A Koshkina, Leonid P Churilov, Yehuda Shoenfeld

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: fibromyalgia; myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome; autoantibodies; autoimmunity

Online: 13 December 2022 (02:47:48 CET)

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(1) Background: Recent studies provide some evidence for the contribution of antibody-mediated autoimmune mechanisms to the nature of fibromyalgia (FM) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Much attention was paid to the autoantibodies (AAb) targeting G protein-coupled receptors as natural components of the immune system. However, natural AAb network is much more extensive, and has not been previously investigated in these disorders; (2) Methods: The enzyme immunoassays ELI-Viscero-Test and ELI-Neuro-Test were used to determine changes in serum content of a 33 natural AAb to neural, organ-specific and non-tissue-specific autoantigens a) in 11 FM patients with comorbid ME/CFS; b) in 11 ME/CFS patients without FM; c) in 11 healthy controls. Individual autoantibody profiles and their correlation with some clinical symptoms were analyzed. (3) Results: both patients with ME/CFS and ME/CFS+FM were characterized by more frequent and pronounced deviations in the immunoreactivity to GABA-receptors than healthy controls. Although the level of other natural AAb did not differ between study groups, AAb correlation signatures were changing in patients compared to healthy controls. Both in patients and healthy controls the level of natural AAb to various neural and tissue-specific antigens correlated with the severity of fatigue, bodily pain, depression, anxiety, physical and mental-health related quality of life. Notably, that widely different correlation patterns were observed between study groups. (4) Conclusions: Findings from this pilot study provide some evidence that the homeostasis of autoimmune relationships, which are possibly a physiological part of our immune system, may break down in FM and ME/CFS. The correlation of disease-induced perturbations in individual AAb profiles with some clinical symptoms may arise from the immune system's ability to reflect qualitative and quantitative changes in antigenic composition of the body.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0152.v1

Eugenio Martelli, Matilde Zamboni, Giovanni Sotgiu, Laura Saderi, Massimo Federici, Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi, Mariangela Valentina Puci, Allegra Rosa Martelli, Teresa Messina, Paolo Frigatti, Maria Pia Borrelli, Carlo Ruotolo, Ilaria Ficarelli, Paolo Rubino, Francesco Pezzo, Luciano Carbonari, Andrea Angelini, Edoardo Galeazzi, Luca Calia Di Pinto, Franco Michelino Fiore, Armado Palmieri, Giorgio Ventoruzzo, Giulia Mazzitelli, Franco Ragni, Antonio Bozzani, Enzo Forliti, Claudio Castagno, Pietro Volpe, Mafalda Massara, Diego Moniaci, Elisa Pagliasso, Tania Peretti, Mauro Ferrari, Nicola Troisi, Pietro Modugno, Maurizio Maiorano, Umberto Marcello Bracale, Marco Panagrosso, Mario Monaco, Giovanni Giordano, Giuseppe Natalicchio, Antonella Biello, Giovanni Maria Celoria, Alessio Amico, Mauro Di Bartolo, Massimiliano Martelli, Roberta Munaó, Davide Razzano, Giovanni Colacchio, Francesco Bussetti, Gaetano Lanza, Antonio Cardini, Bartolomeo Di Benedetto, Mario De Laurentis, Maurizio Taurino, Pasqualino Sirignano, Pierluigi Cappiello, Andrea Esposito, Santi Trimarchi, Silvia Romagnoli, Andrea Padricelli, Giorgio Giudice, Adolfo Crinisio, Giovanni Di Nardo, Giuseppe Battaglia, Rosario Tringale, Salvatore De Vivo, Rita Compagna, Valerio Stefano Tolva, Ilenia D'Alessio, Ruggiero Curci, Simona Giovannetti, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Giusi Basile, Dalmazio Frigerio, Gian Franco Veraldi, Luca Mezzetto, Arnaldo Ippoliti, Fabio Massimo Oddi, Alberto Maria Settembrini

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: chronic limb-threatening ischemia; outcome; sex; age; limb salvage

Online: 8 December 2022 (09:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0061.v1

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality in Severe COVID 19 Cases

Srivatsa R, Supriya P S, Samaga L N

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Covid-19; Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR); severe covid pneumonia

Online: 5 December 2022 (06:26:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0030.v1

Controls of Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure and Hemorrhagic/Hypovolemic Shock

Amaresh K. Ranjan, Anil Gulati

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Disorder; Hypertension; Hypotension; Hypoxia; Baroreflex; Hemorrhagic Shock; Hypovolemic Shock; Vasopressure; Resuscitation; Centhaquine (Lyfaquin); Sympathetic System; Parasympathetic System; Adrenoreceptors

Online: 2 December 2022 (02:00:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0057.v2

A New Set-up of Vanishing Antibodies: A Biennial Follow-up of Five Different Clients’ Humoral Responses Against Sars-Cov-2 After Systemic Vaccination in an Oncology Hospital in Poland

Piotr Kosiorek, Samuel Stróż, Anna Hryniewicz, Robert Milewski, Klaudia Bartoszewicz, Anna Stasiak-Barmuta

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; BNT162b2; vaccination; S-RBD; SARS-CoV-2; seroconversion

Online: 1 December 2022 (10:22:30 CET)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0497.v1

Avoidable Intensive Care Resource Use of Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients: Interpretation and Policy Implications

Ari Joffe, Chris Milburn

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; intensive care unit; resource use; vaccination

Online: 28 November 2022 (06:38:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0496.v1

Factors Associated with Treatment Outcomes among Patients Living with HIV and Hypertension Comorbidity in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Monwabisi Faleni, Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda, Ncane Ziphelele, Guillermo Alfredo Pulido Estrada, Teke Apalata, Sibusiso Cyprian Cyprian Nomatshila

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: hypertension, comorbidity, HIV, antiretroviral treatment, treatment outcomes

Online: 28 November 2022 (06:04:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0487.v1

Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions towards COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Cross-sectional Survey in Pakistan

Asima Bibi, Sameen Abbas, Saima Mushtaq, Atika Mansoor, Ivan R. Green, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Yusra Habib Khan, Amjad Khan

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; Vaccine; Knowledge; Attitude; perception; Survey; Questionnaire

Online: 28 November 2022 (02:48:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0480.v1

Global COVID-19 Pandemic Outcomes: Dissecting a Failed Strategy

James A Thorp, Margery M. Thorp, Elise M. Thorp, Ajovi Scott-Emuakpor, K.E. Thorp

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19 death rates; COVID-19 vaccines; hydroxychloroquine; ivermectin; rates of COVID-19 testing; containment measures; social distancing; travel restriction,

Online: 25 November 2022 (10:16:41 CET)

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Objectives to assess COVID-19 mortality rates per country population. To determine what if any independent country-specific variables from 9 different databases were correlated. Design population based retrospective cohort study. Setting analysis of global COVID-19 treatment and containment strategies using data from 9 worldwide websites. Participants 108 countries worldwide. Interventions none. Main Outcome Measures were COVID-19 death rates per country population analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The main outcome parameters were to determine if there are any correlations between the percentage of countrywide COVID-19 deaths/population by the countries’ percent vaccinated. Secondary outcome measures include the effect of other independent variables on COVID-19 death rates per country population including: health expenditures per capita, annual income per capita, COVID-19 tests per 1000 people, stringency index (a measure of each countries containment strategies), hydroxychloroquine score (a measure of each countries use), ivermectin score (a measure of each countries use), hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and specific countries and geographic locations. Results COVID-19 vaccination rates ranged from 0-99% in 108 countries. Univariate analysis demonstrates the following independent variables to correlate with COVID-19 deaths/population (correlation coefficient, p value): countrywide COVID-19 vaccination rates (+0.2936, p=0.002); healthcare costs per capita (+0.3212, p=0.0007), income per capita (+0.3051, p=0.0013), COVID-19 tests per 1000 population (+0.6981 p=0.0307); stringency index (+0.3098, p=0.0011); hydroxychloroquine index (-0.1337, p=0.0678); and ivermectin index (-0.1383, p=0.1535). Conclusions Increasing rates of COVID-19 vaccination are associated with increase COVID-19 death rates per country population (p=0.002). Other variables associated include healthcare costs per capita (+0.3212, p=0.0007), income per capita (+0.3051, p=0.0013), COVID-19 tests per 1000 population (+0.6981 p=0.0307); and stringency index (+0.3098, p=0.0011).

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0448.v1

COVID-19 Pathology Sheds New Light on Balance between Neutrophil Proteases and Their Inhibitors

Marko Radic, Vasuki Vindiya Silva

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT); neutrophil elastase (NE); NETosis, PAD4, ARDS, COPD; neutrophils; COVID-19; TMPRSS2.

Online: 24 November 2022 (02:50:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0417.v1

Relation between Cytokines Expression and Pulmonary Dysfunction among a Cohort of COVID-19 Patients

Salma A. El Kazafy, Yasser Fouad, Azza F. Said, Hebatallah H. Assal, Amr E. Ahmed, Osama M. Ahmed

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: cytokines; pulmonary; COVID-19; CORADS; moderate; severe

Online: 22 November 2022 (09:56:04 CET)

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Aim: In individuals with COVID-19, the study assessed the relationship between cytokine expression and pulmonary dysfunction. These correlations may help to suggest strategies for prevention and therapies of coronavirus disease outbreak. Patients and methods: 50 healthy participants and 100 COVID-19 patients participated in this study. COVID-19 participants were subdivided into moderate and severe groups based on the severity of their symptoms. In both patients and controls, measurements of white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 were estimated. All the patients performed chest CT and CO-RADS score was assessed. Results: All patients had increased WBCs count and CRP, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 levels than healthy controls. While WBCs, CRP, and cytokines like IL-1β and IL-6 showed significantly higher levels in the severe group as compared to moderate patients, IL-4, IL-35, and IL-18 showed comparable levels in both disease groups. Furthermore, CO-RADS score was positively connected with WBCs, CRP, and cytokine levels (IL-35, IL-18, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-1β) in both groups, and lymphocyte levels in all patient groups considerably decreased as compared to the controls. CO-RADS score, also demonstrated a positive correlation with lymphocytes in the moderate COVID-19 patients, whereas in the severe patients, it demonstrated a negative correlation with lymphocytes. Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 patients, compared to individuals with moderate illness and healthy controls, patients had lower lymphocyte counts and increased CRP with greater WBCs counts. In contrast to moderate COVID-19 patients, severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6, but IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35 between both illness categories at close levels. CO-RADS 5 was the most frequent category in both moderate and severe cases. Patients with a typical CO-RADS involvement had a higher CRP and white blood cell count with a lower lymphocyte count than the others. Cytokine levels were considered a surrogate markers of severe lung affection in COVID 19 patients.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0336.v1

Combining Influenza and COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Strategy to Improve Vaccination Uptake Necessary for Managing the Health Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nikolaos Tzenios, Mary Tazanios, Mohamad Chahine

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19 Booster; Influenza and COVID-19; Vaccination Strategy; Combining Vaccination

Online: 17 November 2022 (10:31:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0285.v1

Inter-rater Variability in the Evaluation of Lung Ultrasound on Videos Acquired from COVID-19 Patients

Joaquin L. Herraiz, Clara Freijo, Jorge Camacho, Mario Muñoz, Ricardo González, Rafael Alonso-Roca, Jorge Álvarez-Troncoso, Luis Matías Beltrán-Romero, Máximo Bernabeu-Wittel, Rafael Blancas, Antonio Calvo-Cebrián, Ricardo Campo-Linares, Jaldún Chehayeb-Morán, Jose Chorda-Ribelles, Samuel García-Rubio, Gonzalo García-de-Casasola, Adriana Gil-Rodrigo, César Henríquez-Camacho, Alba Hernandez-Píriz, Carlos Hernandez-Quiles, Rafael Llamas-Fuentes, Davide Luordo, Raquel Marín-Baselga, María Cristina Martínez-Díaz, María Mateos-González, Manuel Mendez-Bailon, Francisco Miralles-Aguiar, Ramón Nogue, Marta Nogué, Borja Ortiz de Urbina-Antia, Alberto Ángel Oviedo-García, José M. Porcel, Santiago Rodriguez, Diego Aníbal Rodríguez-Serrano, Talía Sainz, Ignacio Manuel Sánchez-Barrancos, Marta Torres-Arrese, Juan Torres-Macho, Ángela Trueba-Vicente, Tomas Villen-Villegas, Juan José Zafra-Sánchez, Yale Tung-Chen

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; interobserver agreement; interrater reliability; lung ultrasound; point-of-care ultrasound; reliability; severe acute respiratory syndrome; ultrasound

Online: 15 November 2022 (09:57:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0273.v1

Pantothenate and L-carnitine Supplementation Corrects Pathological Alterations in Cellular Models of KAT6A Syndrome

Manuel Munuera-Cabeza, Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba, Juan M. Suárez-Rivero, Suleva Povea-Cabello, Irene Villalón-García, Marta Talaverón-Rey, Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo, Diana Reche-López, Paula Cilleros-Holgado, Rocío Piñero-Pérez, José A. Sánchez-Alcázar

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: intellectual disability; KAT6A syndrome; Lysine acetyltransferase 6 A; pantothenate; L-carnitine; histone acetylation

Online: 15 November 2022 (04:14:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0236.v1

Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Eosinophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (ELR) as Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Exacerbation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Qian-Qian Liao, Yan-Ju Mo, Ke-Wei Zhu, Feng Gao, Bin Huang, Peng Chen, Feng-Tian Jing, Xuan Jiang, Hong-Zhen Xu, Yan-Feng Tang, Li-Wei Chu, Hai-Ling Huang, Wen-Li Wang, Fang-Ning Wei, Dan-Dan Huang, Bin-Jing Zhao, Jia Chen, Hao Zhang

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD); platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR); neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR); baso-phil-to-lymphocyte ratio (BLR); eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR); in-hospital mortality; nom-ogram; decision curve analysis (DCA); clinical impact curve (CIC)

Online: 14 November 2022 (04:42:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0167.v1

Impact of Japan’s State of Emergency on Trends in Diabetes Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective and Descriptive Study

Akira Minoura, Kouzou Murakami, Masaaki Matoba, Yoshinori Ito, Yumi Kamijo, Akatsuki Kokaze

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; diabetes care; infection control; Japanese; state of emergency

Online: 9 November 2022 (02:18:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0087.v1

Freedom of Choice to Vaccinate and Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Italy

Mawulorm K. I. Denu, Alberto Montrond, Rachael Piltch-Loeb, Marco Bonetti, Veronica Toffolutti, Marcia A. Testa, Elena Savoia

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine hesitancy; vaccine freedom

Online: 4 November 2022 (04:12:38 CET)

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Despite the availability of effective vaccines that lower mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19, many countries including Italy adopted strict vaccination policies and mandates to increase the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Such mandates have sparked debates on the freedom to choose whether or not to get vaccinated. In this study, we examined the people’s belief in vaccine choice as a predictor of willingness to get vaccinated among a sample of unvaccinated individuals in Italy. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Italy in May 2021. The survey collected data on respondents’ demographics and region of residence, socioeconomic factors, belief in the freedom to choose to be vaccinated or not, risk perception of contracting and transmitting the disease, previous vaccine refusal, opinion on adequacy of government measures to address the pandemic, experience in requesting and being denied government aid during the pandemic, and intent to accept COVID-19 vaccination. The analysis employed binary logistic regression models using a hierarchical model building approach to assess the association between intent to accept vaccination and belief in the freedom to choose to vaccinate, while adjusting for other variables of interest. 984 unvaccinated individuals were included in the study. Respondents who agreed that people should be free to decide whether or not to vaccinate with no restrictions on their personal life had 85% lower odds of vaccine acceptance (OR=0.15 ;95% CI,0.09,0.23) after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors and their risk perception of contracting and transmitting COVID-19. Belief in the freedom to choose whether or not to accept vaccinations was a major predictor of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among a sample of unvaccinated individuals in Italy in May 2021. This understanding of how individuals prioritize personal freedoms and the perceived benefits and risks of vaccines, when making health care decisions can inform the development of public health outreach, educational programs and messaging.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0079.v1

Common Prognostic Biomarkers and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Mashael Abujabal, Mohamed A Shalaby, Layla Abdullah, Amr S Albanna, Mohamed Elzoghby, Sidharth Kumar Sethi, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Fadi Aljamaan, Khalid Alhasan, Jameela A. Kari

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Biomarkers; COVID-19; Common Prognostic Biomarkers

Online: 3 November 2022 (12:08:08 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0033.v1

Long COVID Classification: Findings from a Clustering Analysis in the Predi-COVID Cohort Study

Aurélie Fischer, Nolwenn Badier, Lu Zhang, Abir Elbeji, Paul Wilmes, Pauline Oustric, Charles Benoy, Markus Ollert, Guy Fagherazzi

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Clustering; COVID-19; Long COVID; disease severity

Online: 2 November 2022 (01:02:16 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0032.v1

Nano-Theranostics Approaches and Mitochondrial Targeted Drug Delivery: Alzheimer ’s Disease Therapeutic Interventions

Leena Chacko, Sagnik Nag, Saikat Dewanjee, Subhrojyoti Ghosh, Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu, Oishi Mitra, Anuvab Dey, Tiyasa Bhuniya, Hari Prasad Reddy Paluru, P. Hemachandra Reddy, Ramesh Kandimalla

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Quantum Dot Nanoparticles; PINK1; Theranostic; mitochondria; drug delivery

Online: 1 November 2022 (14:29:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0022.v1

Cruz S. Sebastião, João Samulengo, Joana Pauxão, António Mateus, Zinga David, Jocelyne Neto De Vasconcelos, Joana Morais

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Tuberculosis; HIV; coinfection; Risk factors; Luanda; Angola

Online: 1 November 2022 (07:13:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0460.v1

HIV Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Agricultural Workers: A Precarious and Vulnerable Workforce in South Africa

Nosimilo Mlangeni, Sophia Kisting, Jonathan Ramodike, Molebogeng Malotle, Yandisa Sikweyiya, Nikki Stuart-Thompson, Norman Sebe, Christine Du Preez, Muzimkhulu Zungu

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Occupation, vulnerable workers, Informal Economy, Occupational Health and Safety challenges, Health and Safety, low wage earners

Online: 31 October 2022 (01:41:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0446.v1

Point-of-Care Testing, Spatial Care Paths, and Enhanced Standards of Care – Preparing Island Communities for Global Warming and Rising Oceans

Gerald Kost, Anna Fuzery, Louie Caratao, Samantha Tinsay, Amanullah Zadran, Adrian Ybanez

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); island communities; point-of-care testing; spatial care paths

Online: 28 October 2022 (09:30:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0264.v1

Secretory Leucoprotease Inhibitor (SLPI) Promotes Survival during Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection by Suppression of Inflammation Rather than Microbial Killing

Megan Osbourn, Aoife M. Rogers, Alice V. Dubois, Donna M. Small, Fiachra Humphries, Nezira Delagic, Paul N. Moynagh, Sinead Weldon, Clifford C. Taggart, Rebecca J. Ingram

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Secretory leucoprotease inhibitor; SLPI; inflammation; infection; Pseudomonas

Online: 19 October 2022 (03:59:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0241.v1

ViralVar: A Web Tool for Multilevel Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes

Arghavan Alisoltani, Lukasz Jaroszewski, Adam Godzik, Arash Iranzadeh, Lacy Marie Simons, Taylor Joseph Dean, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Judd Franklin Hultquist, Egon Anderson Ozer

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: evolution; mutation; genomic surveillance; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; ViralVar; webtool

Online: 17 October 2022 (12:59:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0198.v1

Mechanisms and Outcomes of Metabolic Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes

Mansor Fazliana, Zubaidah Nor Hanipah

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: diabetes; bariatric surgery; metabolic surgery; hormones; adipokines; microRNA; metabolomic

Online: 14 October 2022 (03:12:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0177.v1

A South African Epidemiological Study of Fatal Drownings: 2016 – 2021

Jill Fortuin, Innocent Karangwa, Nongcebo Mahlalela, Cleeve Robertson

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: drowning; epidemiology; low-and-middle-income; South Africa

Online: 12 October 2022 (10:35:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0135.v1

Logical Analysis of Response of Health Officials’ Worldwide, to Cost-Effective Early Remedies for COVID19

Sunil J. Wimalawansa, Athula K Polonowita

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D; 1,25(OH)2D; immunity; pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; logic; cost–benefit; ivermectin; randomized-controlled trial; RCT; epidemiological studies; vitamin D

Online: 11 October 2022 (03:43:10 CEST)

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With the advent of COVID19, the attitude of health authorities around the world, led mainly by the West, demanded a level of proof as evidence for cheap, non-patented remedies while promoting expensive, patented, and untested remedies by using emergency use authorization and special provisions afforded to the status of a pandemic emergency. Western science has neither a tested nor a valid historical basis of a logical system that informs to authenticate scientific practices. Here we use a logical heuristic derived from ancient Buddhist logic, which is consistent with the conduct of modern science. We applied the heuristic to show that enough evidence was available for using cost-effective early therapies such as vitamin D supplementation as a public health measure during the first half of 2020. Strong supporting evidence has since accumulated. Apart from political and financial decisions incompatible with science and other conflicts of interest, a critical barrier to evaluating and approving early therapies appears to be the fallacy that the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the superior proof method in medical hypotheses, including those for nutrients. Logically, no reason exists why properly designed retrospective, ecological, and naturalistic studies with adequate sample sizes and applied appropriate statistical methods would not be as valid as RCTs, especially when elucidating a causative factor instead of treatment. That assertion is particularly true for nutrient deficiencies, interventions, and other cost-effective therapies. Leading health authorities’ failure or refusal to consider other study types (because of either poor logic or vested interest) probably contributed to the spread of misinformation, symptomatic disease, complications, and deaths from COVID19. Partial immunity derived from vaccines and the later development of more contagious variants—and thus a sense of acceptance that SARS-CoV-2 had progressed from a pandemic to an endemic—shows the hollowness of the initial promotions and mandates of vaccines as a cure. Adequate knowledge was available in 2020 to advise that SARS-CoV-2 will continue to mutate, with variants emerging a few times per year, making the vaccine less effective. Emerging evidence confirms that natural immunity better protects against new variants than vaccination against the spike protein. Had vitamin D been adopted as part of the public health measure through a broader supplementation program in 2020 or even today (through sun exposure or as a prophylactic or adjunct therapy early on), the viral spread and symptomatic disease may have been suppressed, with minimal lockdowns and quarantine, and economic harm. The pandemic could have been halted with a significantly reduced need for hospitalization, complications, and deaths, potentially saving millions of lives.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0119.v1

Can a Two-Dose Influenza Vaccine Regimen Better Protect Older Adults? An Agent-Based Modeling Study

Katherine V. Williams, Mary G. Krauland, Lee H. Harrison, John V. Williams, Mark S. Roberts, Richard K. Zimmerman

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: influenza; vaccine; adult; vaccine effectiveness; elderly; older adults

Online: 10 October 2022 (10:14:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0057.v1

A New Set-up of Vanishing Antibodies: A Biennial Follow-up of Three Different Clients’ Humoral Responses Against Sars-Cov-2 After Systemic Vaccination in an Oncology Hospital in Poland

Piotr Kosiorek, Samuel Stróż, Anna Hryniewicz, Robert Milewski, Klaudia Bartoszewicz, Anna Stasiak-Barmuta

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; BNT162b2; vaccination; S-RBD; SARS-CoV-2; seroconversion

Online: 6 October 2022 (08:42:11 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0181.v2

The mint versus Covid hypothesis

Chris Buck

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; Covid19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; coronavirus; Lamiaceae, perilla; sage; tea; caffeic acid

Online: 5 October 2022 (09:48:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0180.v2

Redox Homeostasis and Nitro-Oxidative Stress in Obesity-Linked Inflammation

Guillaume Treiber, Hanen Samouda, Estelle Nobécourt, Serge P. Bottari

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: oxidative stress; nitrative stress; reactive oxygen species; reactive nitrogen species; nitric oxide inflammation; obesity; peroxynitrite; adipose tissue

Online: 30 September 2022 (11:10:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0475.v1

A Retrospective, Observational Study of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection Events Post-implementation of a Novel Urinary Catheter System with Active Drain Line Clearance and Automated Intra-abdominal Pressure Monitoring

Patrick Brockway, David M. Hill, Vanessa Moll, Kelly Stanton, Manu L.N.G. Malbrain, Sai R. Velamuri

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: catheter-associated infection; CAUTI; urinary tract infection; healthcare-associated infection; active drain line clearance; burns; intra-abdominal pressure; measurement

Online: 30 September 2022 (04:13:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0424.v1

Inhibitory Effects of Vaginal Lactobacilli on Candida albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation, Biofilm Development, and Epithelial Cell Adhesion

Tomonori Takano, Hayami Kudo, Shuhei Eguchi, Asami Matsumoto, Kentaro Oka, Yukitaka Yamasaki, Motomichi Takahashi, Takuro Koshikawa, Hiromu Takemura, Yuka Yamagishi, Hiroshige Mikamo, Hiroyuki Kunishima

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Candida albicans; Lactobacillus species; biofilm; probiotics

Online: 27 September 2022 (12:34:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0383.v1

Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization Among U.S. Adults

Stuart F. Quan, Matthew Weaver, Mark Czeisler, Laura Barger, Lauren Booker, Mark Howard, Melinda Jackson, Rashon Lane, Christine McDonald, Anna Ridgers, Rebecca Robbins, Prerna Varma, Shantha Rajaratnam, Charles Czeisler

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Obstructive Sleep Apnea; COVID-19; Hospitalization; Infection; Epidemiology

Online: 26 September 2022 (08:02:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0343.v1

The Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Chronic Lymphatic Filariasis in Indonesia: A 18-Year Registry-Based Analysis

Dewi Nur Aisyah, Zisis Kozlakidis, Haniena Diva, Siti Tarmizi, Lita Sianipar, Eksi Wijayanti, Ajie Avicena, Wiku Bakti Bawono Adisasmito

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Lymphatic Filariasis; Indonesia; National Surveillance; Registry; BELKAGA

Online: 22 September 2022 (10:41:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0299.v1

Blood Groups (ABO/Rh) And Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile among Patients with Leprosy in Angola

Euclides Nenga Manuel Sacomboio, Tomásia Oliveira Muhongo, Adelino Tchilanda Tchivango, Edson Kuatelela Cassinela, Silvana da Rocha Silveira, Mauricio Da Costa, Carlos Alberto Pinto de Sousa, Cruz Sebastião Sebastião, Eduardo Ekundi Valentim

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: leprosy; ABO/Rh blood group; Clinical; Angola

Online: 20 September 2022 (09:28:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0232.v1

Adherence to Prescribing Indicators at a District Hospital in Ghana: Do We Match WHO Standards?

Obed Kwabena Offe Amponsah, Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Divya Nair, Karlos Muradyan, George Kwesi Hedidor, Appiah-Korang Labi, Mercy Naa Aduele Opare-Addo, Emmanuel Sarkodie, Kwame Ohene Buabeng

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Drug use review; Outpatients; Ghana; SORT IT; Quality indicators; Electronic Medical Records; Operational research; Rational use of medicines

Online: 15 September 2022 (13:39:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0200.v1

A Systematic Review and Quality Evaluation of Studies on Long-Term Sequelae of COVID-19

Jorge Vásconez González, Juan S. Izquiero-Condoy, Raul Fernandez-Naranjo, Esteban Ortiz-Prado

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: sequelae; COVID-19; SARS-COV-2; long-COVID; systematic review

Online: 14 September 2022 (08:50:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0195.v1

Divergent Effects of Glycemic Control and Bariatric Surgery on Circulating Concentrations of TMAO in Newly Diagnosed T2D Patients and Morbidly Obese

Marina Canyelles, Antonio Pérez, Alexandra Junza, Inka Miñambres, Oscar Yanes, Helena Sardà, Noemí Rotllan, Josep Julve, Sònia Benitez, José Luis Sánchez-Quesada, Mireia Tondo, Joan Carles Escolà-Gil, Francisco Blanco-Vaca

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: γ-butyrobetaine; glycemic control; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; obesity; trimethylamine N-oxide; type 2 diabetes

Online: 14 September 2022 (08:08:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0408.v2

Physician’s Hesitancy in Treating COVID-19 Patients and Its Associated Occupational Risk Factors in Indonesia: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey

Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko, Aria Kekalih, Ari Fahrial Syam, Evy Yunihastuti, Herikurniawan Herikurniawan, Mikhael Yosia

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: hesitancy; covid-19; post-covid; medical doctors; indonesia

Online: 13 September 2022 (05:13:14 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0139.v1

BCG Vaccine – The Road Not Taken

Coad Dow, Laith Kidess

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG); tuberculosis; Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM); nonspecific effects; Trained Immunity; Type 1 Diabetes; Multiple Sclerosis; Parkinson’s Disease; Alzheimer’s disease; Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP); molecular mimicry; Global Burden of Disease

Online: 12 September 2022 (09:36:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0134.v1

Validation of a Novel User Interface and Calculation Method for Determining Nasal Resistance and Patency

Karen Parker Davidson, William E Harrell, Jr.

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: nasal function; validation; software; nasal resistance; rhinomanometry; acoustic rhinometry; peak nasal inspiratory flow meter; practice patterns; objective measurement outcomes; parameters

Online: 9 September 2022 (09:41:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0114.v1

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Blood Transfusion among Healthcare Providers in Qatar

Danial Hassan, Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Mohamed Yassin

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: Blood Transfusion; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice; Healthcare Providers

Online: 8 September 2022 (03:02:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0101.v1

T-cell Response and Antibody Production by Booster COVID-19 Vaccination in Japanese Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Treated with Hemodialysis

Ayumi Yoshifuji, Masataro Toda, Munekazu Ryuzaki, Emi Oyama, Kan Kikuchi, Toru Kawai, Ken Sakai, Masayoshi Koinuma, Kazuhiko Katayama, Yuki Uehara, Norio Ohmagari, Yoshihiko Kanno, Hirofumi Kon, Junko Tanaka, Toshio Shinoda, Yaoko Takano, Kazuhiko Hora, Yasushi Nakazawa, Naoki Hasegawa, Norio Hanafusa, Fumihiko Hinoshita, Keita Morikane, Shu Wakino, Hidetomo Nakamoto, Yoshiaki Takemoto

Subject: Medicine & Pharmacology, General Medical Research Keywords: COVID-19; hemodialysis; vaccination; cellular immunity; humoral immunity; adverse reactions

Online: 7 September 2022 (05:14:06 CEST)

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