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Article
Engineering
Energy and Fuel Technology

Jing Qin

,

Haoran Ma

,

Xing Huang

,

Haotian Yang

Abstract: To address the difficulty of simultaneously achieving effective heat dissipation and adequate humidification in open cathode air cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under medium and high power operation, this study proposes a hydrothermal management strategy based on coordinated ultrasonic atomization humidification and fan speed regulation. A three dimensional single cell multiphysics model is developed and validated using a 300 W experimental platform. The effects of atomization frequency and water temperature on stack performance and internal hydrothermal distribution are systematically investigated. Results show that ultrasonic atomization provides inlet precooling, latent heat absorption, and active region humidification, thereby improving hydrothermal uniformity within the stack. Under the optimal condition of 100 kHz and 55 °C, the peak stack power increases by 21.0% to 319.00 W, while voltage consistency and surface temperature uniformity are also improved. Analysis based on the Stokes number and Dalton’s law of partial pressures indicates that the optimum results from a balance between suppressing droplet agglomeration and inertial deposition, and limiting oxygen dilution caused by excessive water vapor. The proposed strategy provides a compact and practical approach for improving the stability, uniformity, and efficiency of air cooled PEMFCs.

Article
Social Sciences
Other

Abel Lennin Cisneros Camacho

,

Miguel Angel Cancharí-Preciado

Abstract: The fishing processing industry in Chimbote, Peru, reflects structural vulnerabilities common in extractive sectors of the Global South, including labour informality, weak occupational safety, and limited Internal Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR). These conditions hinder progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8). While prior studies link ICSR to positive employee outcomes, the mechanisms through which its effects translate across organisational levels remain theoretically underdeveloped, par-ticularly in high-informality contexts. A quantitative, explanatory, cross-sectional design was employed using data from 384 workers in fishing processing firms. Data were col-lected through a 26-item Likert-scale instrument. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to test a sequential mediation model, where ICSR in-fluences organisational-level labour management through individual and group-level processes. Reliability and validity were confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability, AVE, Fornell–Larcker, and HTMT. Structural relationships were assessed via bootstrapping (5,000 subsamples), and predictive relevance was evaluated using Q² and PLS Predict. The measurement model showed adequate reliability and validity. The direct effect of ICSR on organisational-level labour management was non-significant (β = 0.029, p = 0.567). However, all mediated paths were significant: ICSR → Individual (β = 0.608), Individual → Group (β = 0.526), and Group → Organisational (β = 0.396), all p < 0.001. Sequential mediation was confirmed (β_indirect = 0.127; 95% CI [0.090, 0.164]). Model fit (SRMR = 0.045) and predictive relevance (Q² = 0.150–0.361) were satisfactory. ICSR does not directly influence organisational outcomes; instead, its impact operates through a bottom-up multilevel mechanism, reinforcing individual, group, and organ-isational dynamics. These findings contribute to sustainable labour governance and multilevel organisational theory.

Article
Computer Science and Mathematics
Robotics

Jiawei Li

,

Jiarui Yang

,

Peidong Liu

,

Shu-Tao Xia

,

Liang Lin

Abstract: World models aim to enable agents to perceive states, predict future outcomes, and reason for decision-making by simulating real-world environments, and are widely regarded as a crucial pathway toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). Video, as one of the most accessible and intuitively representative media of dynamic environments, naturally contains rich implicit representations of the physical world. Consequently, learning world models from videos has become a prominent research direction. However, a significant gap remains between video data and the real physical world: videos capture only superficial visual phenomena and lack explicit representations of three-dimensional structure, physical properties, and causal mechanisms. This limitation severely constrains the physical consistency and practical applicability of world models. Motivated by this, the present work provides a prospective study of recent research in this domain, encompassing: (1) key challenges arising from the video–physical world gap and representative solutions; (2) three major construction paradigms of physical world models; (3) a thorough summary of existing evaluation benchmarks; and (4) future research directions and discussions. It is noteworthy that this study is the first to systematically examine video-driven world model research from the perspective of physical world. In contrast to prior study that primarily focus on generative modeling or provide broad overviews, this work emphasizes world models with tangible physical grounding, explicitly excluding generative tasks such as video synthesis or 3D/4D modeling that diverge conceptually from the goal of modeling the physical world. Adopting a problem-oriented perspective, this study aims to provide subsequent researchers with a systematic framework and decision-making guidance for understanding existing work, designing innovative methods, and facilitating the deployment of world models in real-world applications.

Review
Chemistry and Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Renato Sonchini Gonçalves

,

Emmanoel Vilaça Costa

Abstract: The development of biocompatible functional nanostructures has emerged as a key driver in advancing nanomedicine, environmental remediation, and sustainable energy technologies. However, conventional synthesis methods often rely on toxic reagents, hazardous solvents, and energy-intensive processes, raising significant concerns regarding environmental impact and biological safety. In this context, green synthesis has gained increasing attention as a sustainable alternative, utilizing biological systems, renewable resources, and environmentally benign solvents to produce functional nanomaterials. This mini-review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the green synthesis of organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanostructures, highlighting their physicochemical properties and functional performance. Particular emphasis is placed on their applications in nanomedicine, including drug delivery, bioimaging, antimicrobial and anticancer therapies, and theranostic platforms. Additionally, their roles in environmental applications, such as pollutant degradation and water treatment, and in energy-related systems, including catalysis, solar energy conversion, and energy storage, are critically discussed. Despite significant progress, key challenges remain, including limited mechanistic understanding, reproducibility issues, scalability constraints, and uncertainties related to long-term toxicity and environmental impact. Addressing these limitations will be essential for the safe and large-scale implementation of green nanotechnology. Overall, the integration of green chemistry principles with advanced nanomaterial design offers a promising pathway toward the development of multifunctional, sustainable, and high-performance nanostructures capable of addressing global health, environmental, and energy challenges.

Review
Medicine and Pharmacology
Medicine and Pharmacology

Nidha Shapoo

,

Abdul Rehman

,

Fernando Quesada

,

Joseph Mattana

,

Shobhana Chaudhari

,

Noella Boma

Abstract: Polypharmacy presents a major challenge when caring for older adults and increasingly causes preventable health problems in both inpatient and outpatient settings. While it is often defined as taking five or more medications, it is more accurately seen as a clinical condition where medication burden surpasses physiological capacity, is unnecessary, or is incongruent with patient-centered goals. Age-related changes in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, along with multiple chronic conditions, fragmented care, and frequent transfers between healthcare environments, create a perfect storm for medication-related adverse effects. Falls, syncope, confusion, fatigue, low blood pressure, slow heart rate, or functional decline can be mistaken for evidence of underlying illness rather than side effects of medication. Medication reconciliation can therefore serve as a powerful diagnostic, therapeutic, and safety measure to avoid the harmful effects of polypharmacy. This review offers a practical, detailed, step-by-step approach to managing polypharmacy for internists, with a particular focus on medication reconciliation in older adults.

Article
Computer Science and Mathematics
Computer Networks and Communications

Krišjānis Petručeņa

,

Sergejs Kozlovičs

,

Juris Vīksna

,

Elīna Kalniņa

,

Reinis Isaks

,

Edgars Celms

,

Lelde Lāce

,

Edgars Rencis

Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks require relaying when distant key management entities share no direct quantum link. Most relay strategies, however, rely on centralized control or globally maintained routing state. This paper asks whether useful security and efficiency can still be obtained with topology-oblivious stochastic forwarding. It studies the security-overhead trade-off in a model in which fragmented key material is relayed via random-walk variants and reconstructed under privacy amplification. Under a restricted model with at most one compromised relay, the analysis asks whether strictly local forwarding can retain useful information-theoretic security. Evaluation on the GÉANT topology, representing a European academic backbone network, shows clear differences between random-walk variants. The proposed highest-score-neighbor local path-diversification heuristic reduces the risk that relayed key material passes through a compromised node. The evaluation also shows that a preliminary loop-erasure step significantly shortens sampled routes and improves throughput in the model. These findings position topology-oblivious stochastic forwarding as a decentralized alternative to global-state maintenance or centralized orchestration in QKD networks.

Article
Biology and Life Sciences
Virology

Xinghua Zheng

,

Yeonji Kim

,

Sun A Choi

,

Su Jin Lee

,

Seung Pyo Shin

,

Se Young Lee

,

Wonjun Kim

,

Seong Cheol Moon

,

Yongwoo Shin

,

Do Soon Kim

+6 authors

Abstract: Background/Objectives: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal disease of domestic pigs and wild suids that continues to cause substantial economic losses worldwide. Despite recent progress in live-attenuated ASF vaccine development, evidence supporting durable protection under repeated exposure conditions representative of endemic settings remains limited. Here, we assessed the long-term safety and protective efficacy of a live-attenuated ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔLVR vaccine using a repeated-challenge experimental design intended to model re-exposure in ASF-endemic regions. Methods: Vaccinated pigs were subjected to homologous virulent ASF virus challenges at multiple intervals, including repeated challenges (three sequential inoculations) and single challenges administered at 8 and 12 weeks post-vaccination. Results: Across all challenge regimens, vaccinated animals survived and remained clinically healthy, including those receiving three challenges, supporting sustained protection under repeated exposure pressure. Animals challenged at 8 or 12 weeks post-vaccination likewise exhibited complete survival, indicating maintained efficacy through at least 12 weeks. No vaccine-associated adverse clinical outcomes were detected over the study period, and post-challenge viral shedding was minimal. Conclusions: Overall, these data demonstrate that the candidate live-attenuated ASF vaccine provides excellent protective efficacy and confers sustained protection against homologous ASF virus infection. This result is expected to be equally applicable under repeated exposure conditions in regions with unstable ASF biosecurity, making it a sufficiently promising model experiment for field application in ASF epidemic areas.

Article
Environmental and Earth Sciences
Pollution

Siny Ndoye

,

Khalifa A. Ndoye

,

Ibrahima Camara

,

Lala Kounta

,

Malick Wade

,

Issa Sakho

,

Mamadou G. Cissé

,

Amadou T. Gaye

Abstract: Recent offshore hydrocarbon discoveries along the Senegalese–Mauritanian margin increase the need to quantify oil-spill risk under the highly dynamic circulation of the southern Canary Current upwelling system. We investigate seasonal pollutant dispersion along the Senegalese Grande Côte using Lagrangian particle-tracking experiments forced by CROCO ocean model outputs. The analysis focuses on the role of wind-driven circulation, Ekman transport, and upwelling variability in controlling cross-shore and alongshore transport pathways. Results show a strong seasonal contrast. During the cold season (January–May), intensified northerly winds drive coastal upwelling and offshore Ekman transport, enhancing surface divergence and promoting the export of particles away from the coast. This regime limits nearshore accumulation but favors broader offshore dispersion over the continental shelf. In contrast, during the warm season (June–September), weakened upwelling-favorable winds and the establishment of anticyclonic circulation north of the Cape induce onshore transport and coastal retention. Particle-release experiments reveal enhanced trapping and accumulation along the Grande Côte during this period. The Kayar region and the Cape Verde Peninsula exhibit relatively higher exposure during the cold season, whereas the inner shelf along the Grande Côte becomes particularly vulnerable during the warm season. These findings demonstrate that seasonal wind forcing and associated Ekman dynamics exert first-order control on oil-spill pathways. Incorporating this variability into contingency planning is essential, as the inner continental shelf of the Senegalese Grande Côte is a dynamically sensitive, high-risk zone under the warm-season circulation regime.

Article
Public Health and Healthcare
Public, Environmental and Occupational Health

Damir Pavliček

,

Marija Sedak

,

Nina Bilandžić

,

Ivana Varenina

,

Ivana Tlak Gajger

,

Anton Gradišek

,

Mariša Ratajec

,

Maja Đokić

Abstract: The rapid translocation of pesticide and metal residues in the environment poses a health risk to honeybees and provides a potential route for consumer exposure to these pollutants through the consumption of honeybee products. Given the high global consumption of honey, especially by immunocompromised individuals, children, and the elderly, quality control highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and risk assessment. In total, 38 comb honey and 22 extracted honey samples were collected in northern Croatia in June 2023 and analysed for 197 pesticides (using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS) and 17 trace metal(loid)s (using ICP-MS) to assess contamination levels. Comb honey generally contained higher concentrations of active substances than extracted honey, with the highest detection frequencies of fipronil-sulfone, trifloxystrobin, and coumaphos in comb honey, and DMF and DMPF in honey. Glyphosate was the only pesticide to exceed the EU MRL of 0.05 mg/kg in three honey samples. Elemental analysis quantified the levels of most target metals, with Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn being the most abundant, while Ag, As, and Se were the only ones not detected in this study. None of the samples showed Pb content above the regulatory limit for honey established in the EU (0.1 mg/kg).

Concept Paper
Engineering
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Ramona Kühlechner

Abstract: Optimising production layouts in manufacturing plants is a time-consuming and often manual process that typically only considers individual performance indicators. This paper presents an end-to-end pipeline that uses variational autoencoders to generate and optimise layouts. The method simultaneously considers multiple KPIs such as throughput time, energy consumption, space utilisation, machine density and material flow complexity. Different scenarios like standard, bottleneck, energy focus are supported. Results show that the proposed method generates valid layouts that outperform existing layouts in terms of efficiency, energy consumption and material flow. The pipeline enables fast, reproducible layout generation and can be directly integrated into production control systems to achieve measurable technical improvements.

Article
Biology and Life Sciences
Aquatic Science

Yi Tian

,

Junwei Chen

,

Yudi Zhao

,

Jiawei Zhong

,

Haotian Xue

,

Xin Wei

,

Qiang Gao

Abstract: Abstract Low-salinity stress poses a critical constraint on the commercial aquaculture and survival of the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). This study investigated the regulatory network involving lncRNA011760, miR-novel-91, and their target gene NIPA2 in response to salinity fluctuations. Using integrated in vivo and in vitro functional assays, we demonstrate that lncRNA011760 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-novel-91, thereby alleviating the post-transcriptional repression of NIPA2. Based on these molecular dynamics, we propose a novel inhibition-adaptation-survival three-stage model. Initially (0–3h), acute NIPA2 upregulation enhances Mg²⁺ transport efficiency to mitigate osmotic shock. During the mid-stage (3–24 h), miR-novel-91-mediated NIPA2 suppression creates a transient biosynthetic window, facilitating a shift from passive tolerance to active metabolic adaptation. Ultimately (24–48 h), lncRNA-driven NIPA2 restoration sustains Mg²⁺ homeostasis, allowing the organism to enter a low-metabolism survival mode. These stage-specific shifts reflect the inherent physiological strategies of sea cucumbers as osmoconformers. Our findings elucidate the complex epigenetic orchestration of osmotic stress tolerance and highlight the lncRNA011760/miR-novel-91/NIPA2 axis as a promising molecular target for the marker-assisted breeding of salt-tolerant strains.

Article
Medicine and Pharmacology
Tropical Medicine

Roberto Alfonso Accinelli Tanaka

,

Cesar Eduardo Malca Polo

,

Kevin Jesus Salas Espinoza

,

Wilbert Jorgam Ramos Mamani

Abstract: Objective: The objective was to determine whether individuals who received doxycycline had a shorter hospitalization time. Methods: A retrospective, observational, and comparative study was conducted with 64 patients diagnosed with dengue. One group received standard symptomatic treatment, while the other also received doxycycline (initial dose of 200 mg, followed by 100 mg every 12 hours until discharge). Clinical and laboratory variables were compared. Results: Compared to patients who received only the standard treatment, patients treated with doxycycline had a shorter hospitalization time (26.30 ± 13.72 vs 93.18 ± 25.29 h, p<0.0001), hours of fever (13.79 ± 16.18 vs 127.08 ± 51.22, p<0.0001), headache (16.30 ± 19.27 vs 94.59 ± 26.11, p<0.0001), and myalgia (23.94 ± 10.90 vs 120.24 ± 25.20, p<0.0001). Furthermore, the doxycycline group exhibited a higher platelet recovery rate (0.54 ± 0.49 vs 0.23 ± 0.29, p=0.003) than the other group. No adverse effects were reported. Despite limitations (sample size and lack of randomization), the findings suggest that doxycycline would be a promising and useful therapeutic alternative in the management of dengue. Conclusion: The use of doxycycline in dengue treatment was associated with a reduction in hospitalization time, duration of symptoms, and a higher platelet recovery rate.

Article
Biology and Life Sciences
Plant Sciences

Xiao-juan Liu

,

Wei Li

,

Xue-Gang Sun

Abstract: In this study a new species of Pedicularis, P. dieshanensis, is described. It is endemic to Die Mountains, China, grows on the alpine meadow at the edge of the fir forest at elevations of 3150-3500 m. This species is characterized by the presence of 3-4 whorled cauline leaves, pinnatifid leave margin, purple corolla, galea with a conical beak, slightly tilted to the left, and hairless filaments. The new species morphologically resembles P. cheilanthifolia and P. anas, but it differs from P. cheilanthifolia by having pinnatifid leave margin, shorter galea, longer beak and hairless filaments, and it differs from P. anas by having pinnatifid leave margin, stable flower color and longer beak. In this paper, a detailed description of the new species includes data on its habitat, ecology, phenology, conservation status, a distribution map, detailed illustration, field photographs, and a comparison with closely related species is provided.

Article
Computer Science and Mathematics
Security Systems

Tahera Begum Abdul

,

K. Venkata Ramana

Abstract: TLS 1.3 zero-round-trip-time (0-RTT) resumption reduces reconnection latency by allowing clients to transmit early application data using pre-shared keys (PSK) derived from previously established session tickets. This mechanism is pivotal for latency-sensitive web services, API gateways, and IoT applications. However, the cryptographic foundations of current session tickets—symmetric keys derived from classical X25519 key exchange—are fundamentally vulnerable to Harvest-Now-Decrypt-Later (HNDL) quantum attacks: an adversary capturing session ticket exchanges today can retroactively decrypt PSKs and all 0-RTT early data once a cryptographically relevant quantum computer (CRQC) becomes available. This paper introduces HQRT (Hybrid Quantum-Resistant Resumption for TLS 1.3), a protocol-level framework that embeds a hybrid X25519 + ML-KEM-768 key encapsulation into the TLS 1.3 NewSessionTicket lifecycle, producing quantum-safe session tickets without additional handshake round trips. HQRT defines a Hybrid Resumption Master Secret (HRMS) derived from both classical and post-quantum shared secrets and integrates it into the TLS 1.3 key schedule as a drop-in extension of the Resumption Master Secret. We provide: (i) a formal security model for quantum-safe 0-RTT resumption with game-based HNDL-resistance proofs; (ii) an extended replay protection analysis under quantum adversaries; (iii) a proof-of-concept implementation on OpenSSL 3.x with the OQS provider; and (iv) comprehensive benchmarks across server, desktop, and IoT platforms demonstrating only 4–9% latency overhead and 6.5% throughput reduction relative to classical 0-RTT, versus the 81–89% overhead of full post-quantum handshakes. A cumulative cost-benefit analysis over multi-session workloads demonstrates 34–97% amortised overhead reduction compared to per-reconnection PQC handshakes, with latency distributions exhibiting sub-millisecond tail divergence from classical baselines. HQRT provides a practical, incrementally deployable pathway for quantum-safe TLS resumption compatible with existing certificate infrastructure.

Article
Computer Science and Mathematics
Probability and Statistics

Aris Spanos

Abstract: The Two-Envelope Problem (TEP) is revisited to argue that the standard evaluation of expected returns relies on spurious probabilities arising from a misuse of formal probability theory. The source of the problem is the ex post framing of two identical envelopes, X and Y, one containing twice as much money as the other, after one envelope, say X, has been selected and its content X=x observed. The value x is then used to define Y in terms of the values y=x/2 and y=2x, each assigned probability .5, with an analogous derivation when Y is selected. This renders X and Y ill-defined random variables because the relevant probabilistic framing must instead be based on the original experimental setup, prior to any selection or observation, where the envelope contents are unknown, say $θ and $2θ. Framing the original setup using axiomatic probability, the dependence between X and Y is accounted for when x=θ, y=2θ, and when x=2θ, y=θ. The ensuing joint distribution of X and Y determines that the expected returns imply indifference between keeping the chosen envelope and switching, explaining away the ‘paradox’ as a misapplication of probability theory.

Article
Physical Sciences
Particle and Field Physics

Mohamed Sacha

Abstract: We formulate and test a minimal finite Hankel closure for the dip–bump structure in elasticproton-proton scattering. The scope of the claim is deliberately precise. We do not present amicroscopic derivation from QCD and we do not claim universal exclusion of the full hadronicphenomenology. Rather, we establish a conditional theorem, confront its surrogate realizationwith public data, and state explicit near-term tests. First, assuming positivity, radiality, finitemoments, a Born-dominant forward-plus-first-dip window, self-similar scaling, and minimal finiteHankel closure with one simple node, we prove that the unique lowest-complexity sector is the firstLaguerre deformation, which yields a polynomial-times-Gaussian amplitude. Second, we derivestructural relations for the forward slope, dip scale, forward curvature, and the drift observable Oexcl = ∆[B0|t|dip], and we prove non-reducibility against the one-scale geometric class for whichthe corresponding invariants are energy independent. Third, we test the closure on two levels ofpublic-data benchmark. In the restricted internal comparison on 83 differential-cross-section pointsat 2.76 and 13 TeV under a common weighted log-space score and shared cross-energy flow, thetwo-scale copy-time surrogate yields χ2log = 461.19, AIC = 487.19, and BIC = 518.64, compared with(60493.49,60507.49,60524.43) and (59942.77,59964.77,59991.38) for two one-scale baselines. We thenperform a stronger covariance-aware benchmark in log space, using per-dataset block covariances builtfrom the published statistical errors together with fully correlated systematic blocks, and comparethe copy-time surrogate to the internal one-scale baseline, a canonical Regge-pole-plus-Odderonamplitude, a canonical complex Regge-eikonal baseline, and the fixed Kohara–Ferreira–Kodamaparametrization. In that stronger test the covariance-aware copy-time fit remains the best modelin the benchmark set, with χ2cov log = 1687.73, compared with 5440.69 for the strongest externalbaseline. At fixed 13 TeV, however, the split-sector one-scale surrogate remains competitive inthe dedicated local fit, showing that the main empirical leverage of the closure is intrinsicallymulti-energy rather than a consequence of the 13 TeV line shape alone. We also report a hold-outvalidation at 8 TeV, an explicit continuation to 13.6 and 14 TeV, and a narrow-window robustnessscan showing that the forecast sign pattern is stable under moderate perturbations of the real-sectorcontinuation. Within the explicit axiomatic, statistical, and benchmark choices adopted here, theclosure is therefore mathematically constrained, experimentally discriminating, and favored over theimplemented internal and external baselines.

Article
Physical Sciences
Quantum Science and Technology

Stefano Longhi

Abstract: The Mpemba effect refers to the counterintuitive situation in which a system initially farther from equilibrium can relax faster than one that starts closer to it. In quantum systems, the effect is enriched by the presence of coherent dynamics, dissipation, and metastable manifolds associated with long-lived Liouvillian modes. Here we demonstrate a giant Mpemba effect in open quantum systems, where relaxation can be either hyper-accelerated or dramatically slowed depending on the initial state. We focus on weakly-coupled particle-conserving bosonic networks, each of which independently relaxes rapidly to a unique stationary state. When a weak coherent interaction is introduced, the composite system typically develops slow metastable modes and a hierarchy of relaxation timescales. We show that by tailoring the interaction Hamiltonian, these slow modes can be effectively suppressed for a broad class of initial states satisfying a minimal global requirement, enabling ultrafast relaxation even when the system starts far from equilibrium. Conversely, other initial states -- sometimes arbitrarily close to the stationary state -- may remain trapped in the metastable manifold and decay anomalously slowly. This mechanism provides a general route to engineer giant Mpemba effects, offering new possibilities for controlling dissipative dynamics, accelerating state preparation, and manipulating relaxation processes in complex quantum devices.

Article
Computer Science and Mathematics
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Ganiyu A. Saheed

,

Muhammed Abdulkabir

,

Onanusi A. Babajide

Abstract: In this project, we study the optimization methods impacts on deep learning tasks, where we particularly focus on adaptive learning rate optimizers (e.g., AdaGrad, RMSProp, and Adam) and describe them, stating their strengths, weaknesses, and scenarios where they excel or underperform. We employ an experimental approach to analyze their performance, generalization, computational efficiency, and hyperparameter sensitivity. The study compares the performance of adaptive optimizers against a traditional method (SGD) and a non-tuning machine learning model (LDA). Our empirical results show that Adam performs best both on the train and test set in terms of accuracy, speed, generalization, and computational efficiency.

Article
Computer Science and Mathematics
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Dejan Gojić

,

Vladica Ristić

,

Vladimir Tomašević

Abstract: Effective management of infectious healthcare waste at the Military Medical Academy (VMA) depends on reliable forecasting in order to ensure adequate treatment capacity (e.g., sterilization facilities), optimize logistics, maintain regulatory compliance, and minimize environmental impact. However, conventional statistical approaches often struggle to capture the complex and heterogeneous patterns of waste generation ob-served across clinical departments with different medical specializations. The aim of this study is to develop and comparatively evaluate six models for predict-ing annual infectious waste generation across 24 clinical departments of the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, Serbia. The analysis is based on an 11-year real-world panel dataset (2011–2021), which is further used to produce forecasts for the period 2022–2031. The modeling framework includes both traditional statistical methods (OLS, Ridge, and Lasso regression) and machine learning techniques (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and multilayer perceptron). Model performance is assessed using k-fold cross-validation and standard evaluation metrics (RMSE, MAE, and R²). The results indicate that machine learning models, particularly Gradient Boosting and Random Forest, achieve better predictive performance compared to traditional approaches. In addition, the analysis of feature importance provides insight into key factors influencing waste generation, which may support more informed planning and resource allocation within hospital systems. Although the findings are based on data from a single hospital complex, they offer a useful empirical basis for understanding and forecasting infectious healthcare waste in large, multi-department healthcare institutions.

Article
Physical Sciences
Theoretical Physics

Mohamed Sacha

Abstract: We present a full operational formulation of Quantum Information Copy Time cosmology in which the infrared scale entering the dark sector is defined by the largest distance over which a fundamental information unit can be copied within one Hubble time. Evaluating the Cohen–Kaplan–Nelson collapse bound at that copy horizon yields a falsifiable effective dark sector with 0 < cQ ≤ 1. The homogeneous source is formulated through a Hermitian reduced-state quadrature, placing the dependence on [α] squarely within standard open-system quantum mechanics. In a local monitored Markovian universality class we recover diffusive copy transport and the familiar late-time branch with leading source ρQ ∝ H, and we identify the precise open-system structure that promotes this baseline branch into a quantum-limited saturation regime. Rather than introducing a pole-like regulator or an additive constant latency, we promote the late-time response ratio Ξ = cQ2/D to a two-component response consisting of an asymptotic saturation floor and a switched transport contribution. This yields a background source of the form ρQ = ρsat + νHS (z;zt,∆z), where the activation function is motivated by the same logistic open-system kinetics that controls the copy-sector transition. We further derive the four effective background parameters analytically within the QICT effective theory: the transport amplitude follows from the copy horizon plus the CKN bound, the transition redshift from quantum-speed-limit onset, the transition width from logistic open-system relaxation, and the matter fraction from flatness plus late-time equality. We further derive a Green–Kubo interpretation of the asymptotic transport plateau and present an explicit de Sitter/KMS locking scenario for D. The manuscript includes validated late-time geometric diagnostics, Pantheon+SH0ES covariance-ready supernova handling, effective perturbative stability conditions, semi-analytic growth and matter-power forecasts, and a concrete precision-cosmology implementation path through CLASS/CAMB and CMB/lensing/LSS likelihoods.

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