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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0130.v1

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Academic Performance of Veterinary Medical Students

Mohamed Mahdy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Academic performance; COVID-19; veterinary; online learning

Online: 11 June 2020 (09:55:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0067.v1

Review on Usage of Vancomycin in Livestock and Humans: Maintaining its Efficacy, Prevention of Resistance and Alternative Therapy

P. N. K. WIJESEKARA, W. W. Kumbukgolla, Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera, D. S. Rawat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: vancomycin; broad view; veterinary use at a glance; rational use; alternatives

Online: 12 November 2016 (11:09:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0066.v1

Evaluation of Antibody Titre of Dogs Vaccinated against Canine Distemper in Jos, Plateau State

Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: antibody titre; vaccination; dog; canine distemper virus; Jos

Online: 20 September 2016 (10:14:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0090.v1

Intestinal Organoids—Current and Future Applications

Andre M. C. Meneses, Kerstin Schneeberger, Hedwig S. Kruitwagen, Louis C. Penning, Frank G. van Steenbeek, Iwan Burgener, Bart Spee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: intestinal organoids; dog; practical applications

Online: 9 August 2016 (11:38:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0144.v1

Anomalies of the Portal Venous System in Dogs and Cats as Seen on Multidetector-Row CT: An Overview and Systematization Proposal

Giovanna Bertolini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: portal system; portal vein; portosystemic shunt; portal hypertension; computed tomography

Online: 15 January 2019 (08:46:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0084.v1

Treatment, Palliative Care or Euthanasia? Comparing End of Life Issues in Human and Veterinary Medicine

Ruth E. Eyre-Pugh, James W. Yeates

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: euthanasia; veterinary ethics; medical ethics; end-of-life; assisted suicide; palliative care; assisted dying

Online: 25 August 2017 (04:32:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0082.v1

A Review of Relevant Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs: Present and Future Directions

Jonathan Mochel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: RAAS; Canine Congestive Heart Failure; Therapeutics

Online: 6 March 2019 (13:33:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0262.v1

The Endocannabinoid System of Animals

Robert Silver

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: endocannabinoid system; anandamide; 2-AG; cannabis; cannabinoid receptor 1; cannabinoid receptor 2; PPARSa, b; Ht1a; TRPV1; GPR55; cannabidiol; CBD; THC; CBG; CBC; tetrahydrocannabinol

Online: 26 June 2019 (07:28:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0175.v1

Synergistic Effects of Trimethoprim with Flos Lonicerae on Antibacterial Activity and Dose-Effect Relationship in Vitro

Yizhe Cui, Qiuju Wang, Xin Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Synergistic effect; Flos Lonicerae; Trimethoprim

Online: 19 August 2016 (09:22:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0186.v1

Combined Laser Blood Illumination by Red (635 nm) and UV (365-405 nm) Light in the Treatment of Small Domestic Animals with Allergic Dermatitis

Tatiana L. Yatskevich, Olga N. Semenova, Sergey V. Moskvin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: veterinary; allergic dermatitis; low level laser therapy

Online: 24 March 2017 (10:32:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0084.v2

Treatment, Palliative Care or Euthanasia? Comparing End of Life Issues in Human and Veterinary Medicine

Ruth E. Eyre-Pugh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: euthanasia; veterinary ethics; medical ethics; end-of-life; assisted suicide; palliative care; assisted dying

Online: 7 December 2017 (05:20:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0094.v1

Treatment, Palliative Care or Euthanasia? Comparing End of Life Issues in Veterinary and Human

Ruth E. Eyre-Pugh, James W. Yeates

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: euthanasia; veterinary ethics; medical ethics; end-of-life; assisted suicide; palliative care; assisted dying; moral stress

Online: 27 August 2017 (11:31:12 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Determinants of Bovine Mastitis and Impact of the disease in Ethiopia

Behailu Assefa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Determinants; Impact; Mammary gland; Mastitis; Pathogens

Online: 21 August 2020 (11:07:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0063.v1

Evaluation of Mesenchymal Cells (MSC) and Dapsone for the Treatment of Dermonecrotic Wounds Caused by Loxosceles laeta Venom in Rabbits

Guilherme Martins, Maira Oliveira, Ana Flávia Botelho, Conrado Gamba, Clara Duarte, Adriane Bicalho, Geovanni Cassali, Alfredo Goes, Carlos Chavez-Olortegui, Benito Soto-Blanco, Marilia Melo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: spider venom; wound repair; loxoscelism.

Online: 8 January 2018 (10:49:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0003.v1

Chronic Wasting Disease: Evolution of Diagnostic Testing for a Naturally Occurring Prion Disease

Nicholas J. Haley, Juergen A. Richt

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: prion, cervids, PMCA, RT-QuIC, diagnosis

Online: 3 July 2017 (17:34:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0151.v1

Student Learning Experiences and Outcomes in The Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine Shelter Medicine Program

Jacob M. Shivley, Cooper W. Brookshire, Philip A. Bushby, Kimberly A. Woodruff

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: shelter medicine; animal sheltering; shelter surgery; veterinary medical education; veterinary student training; population medicine; biosecurity

Online: 24 October 2017 (03:47:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0079.v1

Animal Models of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review

Prabudh Goel, Vishesh Jain, Anjan Kumar Dhua, Devendra Kumar Yadav, Ajay Verma, Aparajita Mitra, Tripti Khanna, Sandeep Agarwala, Minu Bajpai

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: animal models; experimental models; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; rhesus macaque; monkey; hamster; ferrets; transgenic mice

Online: 5 July 2020 (15:07:53 CEST)

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Background: The use of animal models for biomedical research provides us with a convenient and feasible route to establish causal relationships by recapitulating the temporal sequence of events in a controlled environment with a potential to manipulate the variables at multiple levels including genetic, protein, physiological or environmental. Objectives: The current review was conducted to gain insights into various animal models for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Material and Methods: A literature review (PUBMED, PUBMED Central, PMC, Google Scholar, Google search engine) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines performed in early April 2020 revealed 9 articles of interest. Search terms included covid 19, covid-19, novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models, experimental models, laboratory models & covid 19 animal models. Two independent reviewers extracted the data; the third reviewer was involved in case of discrepancy. Results: SARS-CoV-2 shares an identical receptor binding domain with the SARS-CoV virus and has a superior binding affinity to the host ACE2. Based on this, the role of rhesus macaques, golden Syrian hamsters, transgenic hACE2 mice and ferrets as animal models have been studied. All four animals are susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with variable clinical presentation but universal recovery. The respiratory tract is primarily involved in all four models. Involvement of intestines was also seen in at least one study in each animal. Transfer to naïve animals in close contact has been documented in case of hamsters and ferrets. Seroconversion was documented in all although the role of convalescent sera was tested in hamsters only, with positive results though. Air-borne transmission was documented in ferrets and the possibility of feco-oral transmission was suggested for hamsters. The possibilities of recurrence and re-infection were ruled out by experiments upon the rhesus macaques. The fulfilment of Koch’s postulates has been highlighted. Discussion: The various studies available on animal models have been able to establish models of infection and transmission that recapitulate different aspects of disease in humans. However, the response between different animals and the same animal in different experiments is not completely coherent. Some of them do not manifest the disease clinically while others behave differently at molecular and immunological levels. Moreover, the physiology of these animals is not identical to human beings and the findings may not be extrapolated to human beings in an ‘as-is’ manner. Conclusions: The review acknowledges the achievements made by these experiments in a short span of time and highlighted the urgent need for a deeper dive in search of a quintessential animal model which can be studied for efficacy and safety of newer drugs and vaccines before a make-shift from the petri-dish to the human body can be contemplated.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0094.v2

Treatment, Palliative Care or Euthanasia? Comparing End of Life Issues in Veterinary and Human Medicine

Ruth E. Eyre-Pugh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: euthanasia; veterinary ethics; medical ethics; end-of-life; assisted suicide; palliative care; assisted dying; moral stress

Online: 1 December 2017 (16:58:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0130.v2

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Academic Performance of Veterinary Medical Students

Mohamed Mahdy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: academic performance; COVID-19; veterinary; online learning

Online: 21 August 2020 (02:25:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0461.v1

Biosecurity: Bioexclusion And Biocontainment Measures As Effective Poultry Health Management Strategy

Behailu Assefa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Biocontainment; Bioexclusion; Biosecurity; Health-management; Poultry

Online: 31 January 2022 (13:19:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0192.v1

An Overview of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Animal Infection

Mohamed Mahdy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: animal; COVID-19; intermediate host; SARS-COV-2

Online: 12 April 2020 (14:14:25 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0117.v1

Outbreak of Mortality Associated with Acipenser Iridovirus European (AcIV-E) Detection in Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser Baerii) Farmed in Sweden

Charlotte Axén, Niccolò Vendramin, Anna Toffan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Siberian sturgeon; CNS signs; Acipenser iridovirus European; viral nervous necrosis; Acipenser herpesvirus; gas bubble disease; Polymerase chain reaction

Online: 6 September 2018 (14:16:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0134.v1

Epidemiology of Livestock and Poultry Diseases in Jhenaidah district of Bangladesh

Abu Sayeed, Brishty Islam, Nurun Nahar, Md Saiful Bari, Shaharin Sultana, Shamsul Arfin, Prodip Kumar Haldar, Ariful Islam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Proportionate prevalence; spatial distribution; antibiotics; supportive therapy; Jhenaidah

Online: 5 August 2020 (15:37:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0342.v1

Apoptosis and Necrosis on T47D Cells Induced by Shiga-Like Toxin from Local Isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7

I Wayan Suardana, Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih, Dyah Ayu Widiasih

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: apoptosis; breast cancer; E. coli O157:H7; necrosis; Shiga-like toxin

Online: 26 April 2018 (10:41:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0562.v1

In vitro 3D Model of Female Reproductive Tract: An Overview and Future Aspect

Arnaud Martino Capuzzo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: female reproductive tract; organoid; co-culture; crosstalk; blastocyst

Online: 31 August 2021 (11:19:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0029.v1

Fungi in Veterinary Medicine: Alternaria, Dermatophytes and Malassezia Pay the Bill!

Luís Martins

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Allergy; Alternaria; Aspergillus; dermatophytes; fungal allergens; immunocompetence; indoor/outdoor allergens; Malassezia.

Online: 2 February 2022 (11:30:49 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0122.v1

Gastrointestinal Manifestation of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an Immunocompromised Dog

Elizabeth M. Lennon, Alfonso Oceguera, Eli Braun, Stephen D. Cole, Nolan V. Chalifoux, Jillian Whelan, Nuala Meyer, Kimberly Slensky, Andreanne Cleroux, Susan R. Weiss, Una O'Doherty, Shelley C. Rankin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; canine; gastrointestinal; infection; virus

Online: 5 April 2021 (12:23:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0504.v1

The Dimensions of Pet-Owner Loyalty and the Relationship with Communication, Trust, Commitment and Perceived Value

Bryan Brown

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, attitudinal loyalty, behavioral loyalty, relationship between satisfaction and loyalty, communication, trust, commitment, perceived value, value co-creation, veterinarian, veterinary medicine, pet-owner

Online: 26 September 2018 (09:27:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0500.v1

Anatomical Differences in the Abdominal Wall Between Species with Implications for the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block

Jevan Cevik, David J Hunter-Smith, Warren Matthew Rozen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Abdominal wall; Transversus abdominis plane block; Comparative anatomy; Animal models

Online: 26 November 2021 (10:47:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0192.v2

An Overview of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Animal Infection

Mohamed Mahdy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: animal; COVID-19; intermediate host; SARS-COV-2

Online: 16 May 2020 (18:06:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0156.v1

Field Implementation of a Monthly Multi-Modal Prophylactic Strategy (Dinotefuran-Permethrin-Pyriproxyfen and Milbemycine Oxime-Praziquantel) Against Canine Vector-Borne Diseases in Corsica

Younes Laidoudi, Hacène Medkour, Djamel Tahir, Handy Dahmana, Jean-Lou Marié, Marie Varloud, Oleg Mediannikov, Bernard Davoust

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: canine vector-borne diseases; mosquito-borne diseases; dirofilariosis; ehrlichiosis; leishmaniosis; dogs; multi-modal prophylaxis; Corsica

Online: 8 July 2020 (12:03:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0408.v1

Stopping Feline Coronavirus Shedding Prevented Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Diane D. Addie, Flora Bellini, Johanna Covell-Ritchie, Ben Crowe, Sheryl Curran, Mark Fosbery, Stuart Hills, Eric Johnson, Carrie Johnson, Steven Lloyd, Os Jarrett

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: feline coronavirus; feline infectious peritonitis; FIP prevention; GS-441524; chronic enteritis; inflammatory bowel disease; IBD; antiviral; diarrhea; itraconazole.

Online: 23 January 2023 (09:43:21 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Emerging Public Health Challenges of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Different Ecological Niches in Egypt: Food, Humans, Animals and Environment

Kamelia M. Osman, Anthony D. Kappell, Edward M. Fox, Ahmed Orabi, Ahmed Samir

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: l. monocytogenes; humans; animals; food; antimicrobial and virulence genes; bioinformatic analysis; prfA phylogenetic analysis

Online: 17 November 2019 (09:48:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0187.v1

Possibility of Gene Rearrangement between Porcine Rotavirus H and Porcine Rotavirus C in Nonstructural Protein 3

Tohru Suzuki, Daisuke Inoue

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Porcine rotavirus H; Porcine rotavirus C; Full genome; Classification; Genotype; Non-structural protein 3; Gene rearrangement

Online: 9 August 2018 (11:38:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0168.v1

Microbiome Responses to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Cats with Chronic Digestive Issues

Connie Rojas, Zhandra Entrolezo, Jessica K. Jarett, Guillaume Jospin, Dawn Kingsbury, Alex Martin, Jonathan A. Eisen, Holly H Ganz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: fecal microbiota transplant; domestic cat; chronic enteropathies

Online: 10 January 2023 (02:15:25 CET)

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There is growing interest in the application of fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) in small animal medicine, but there are few published studies that have tested their effectiveness in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Here we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine fecal microbiome changes in 68 domestic cats with chronic digestive issues that underwent FMT treatment using lyophilized stool that was delivered in oral capsules. Fecal samples were collected from FMT recipients before and two weeks after treatment, as well as from their stool donors, and healthy animals. We found that according to their owners, 77% of cats were reported to show improvement in their clinical signs (termed ‘Responders’), and 23% were reported to exhibit no change or a worsening of their clinical signs (termed ‘Non-Responders’). Variation in the fecal microbiomes of FMT recipients most strongly correlated with host clinical signs, diet, and IBD diagnosis. The relative abundances of Collinsella, Negativibacillus, Parabacteroides, and Peptoclostridium changed differentially in FMT recipients. Overall, on average 13% of the bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were shared between stool donors and FMT recipients (excluding ASVs already present in FMT recipients prior to treatment). The most commonly shared ASVs were classified as Prevotella 9, Peptoclostridium, Bacteroides, Collinsella and unclassified Lachnospiraceae. Lastly, FMT recipients that had recently taken antibiotics exhibited increases in microbiome similarity to an age-matched healthy reference set compared to other cats. Cats that had diarrhea or diarrhea with vomiting became more similar to healthy cats than did cats exhibiting other clinical signs. Overall, our results suggest that oral capsule FMT treatment was effective in this group of cats and microbiome responses may be modulated by the FMT recipient’s initial presenting clinical signs, prior IBD diagnosis, recent antibiotic use, and their diet.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0322.v1

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Ceftiofur Sodium Using Nonlinear Mixed-Effects in Healthy Beagle Dogs

Jianzhong Wang, Benjamin Schneider, Jiao Xue, Pan Sun, Jicheng Qiu, Jonathan Mochel, Xingyuan Cao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: ceftiofur sodium; pharmacokinetics; NLME; beagle dogs

Online: 28 July 2019 (17:09:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0397.v1

Group A Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Orphaned Leopardus Tigrinus and Leopardus Pardalis (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) in the Eastern Amazon

Áurea M. Gabriel, Washington L.A. Pereira, Klena S. Silva, Lorena Souza, Akim F.S. Nobre, Joana D’Arc Mascarenhas, Alexandre da C. Linhares

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: group A rotavirus gastroenteritis; emerging zoonotic viral diseases; leopardus tigrinus and leopardus pardalis; endangered neotropical rain forest felids; rehabilitation of injured or orphaned native wild cats

Online: 19 August 2020 (08:06:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0402.v1

Patterns and Risk Factors of Antibiotic Use in Poultry Farming and the Farmers: A Cross Sectional One-health Study in Pakistan

Um e Habiba, Amjad Khan, Elia John Mmbaga, Muhammad Asaduzzaman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; One Health; poultry; poultry farmers; antibiotic use; Pakistan

Online: 26 July 2022 (10:33:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0323.v1

Novel Mutations Evading Avian Immunity around the Receptor Binding Site of the Clade 2.3.2.1c Hemagglutinin Gene Reduce Viral Thermostability and Mammalian Pathogenicity

Se-Hee An, Chung-Young Lee, Seung-Min Hong, Chang-Seon Song, Jae-Hong Kim, Hyuk-Joon Kwon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: clade 2.3.2.1c h5n1 virus; immunity evasion; ha trimer stability; thermostability; mammalian pathogenicity

Online: 29 September 2019 (05:21:52 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0309.v1

Granulomatous Pneumonia in a Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) Caused by a Member of Mycobacterium Chelonae/Abscessus Group

Marco Gobbi, Sara Corneli, Nicoletta D'Avino, Elisabetta Manuali, Antonella Di Paolo, Carla Sebastiani, Marcella Ciullo, Michele Tentellini, Maria Lodovica Pacciarini, Martina Sebastianelli, Silvia Pavone, Piera Mazzone

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus; crocodile; mycobacteriosis; Non-tuberculous mycobacteria

Online: 14 September 2020 (00:12:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0173.v1

Comparison of overground and resting endoscopy in the diagnosis of the simple and complex dynamic upper respiratory tract abnormalities in racehorses

Cihan KUMAS, Mehmet MADEN, Orhan PINAR

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Fade abruptly, abnormal respiratory noise, dynamic overground endoscopy, upper respiratory tract, horse.

Online: 7 June 2021 (12:41:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0529.v1

S1 Subunit of Spike Protein from a Current Highly Virulent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus is an Important Determinant of Virulence in Piglets

Tohru Suzuki, Yutaka Terada, Luis Enjuanes, Seiichi Ohashi, Wataru Kamitani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: orcine epidemic diarrhea virus; coronavirus; spike protein; virulence; gnotobiotic piglets; reverse genetics

Online: 30 August 2018 (14:35:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0293.v1

Dynamic Changes on Progesterone Concentration in Cow’s Milk Determined by Inline Milk Analysis System Herd Navigator

Ramunas Antanaitis, Dovilė Malašauskienė, Mindaugas Televičius, Vida Juozaitiene, Henrikas Žilinskas, Walter Baumgartner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: precision dairy farming; milk progesterone; production; reproduction; automatic milking system

Online: 14 July 2020 (05:48:53 CEST)

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The aim of the instant study was to evaluate relative inline progesterone dynamic changes according to parity and status of reproduction and to estimate the relationship with productivity in dairy cows by inline milk analysis system (IMAS) Herd Navigator. According to a progesterone assay, cows were divided into three periods: postpartum, after insemination, and pregnancy. In the first stage of the postpartum period (0-29 days), the progesterone level in milk was monitored every 6 days. The second stage of the postpartum period (30-65 days) lasted until cows were inseminated. In the third period (0-45 days) after cows were inseminated, progesterone scores were distributed according to whether or not cows became pregnant. The stability of progesterone dynamics was monitored in the last study period (45-90 days). For milk progesterone detection, the fully automated real-time progesterone analyzer Herd Navigator (Lattec I/S. Hillerød. Denmark) was used in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). The highest progesterone concentration in multiparous cows ranged from 1.08% (11-17 days postpartum) to 34.89% higher than that in cows of the first parity. The lowest progesterone concentrations in the milk of all cows were estimated during the first 5 postpartum days and between 18 and 23 days after calving. Peak milk progesterone concentrations were evaluated in the first stage of the experiment on days 24-29 after calving. In the 30-65-day period after calving, the level of milk progesterone was 2.02-2.08 times higher than that in the 24-29-day postpartum period. After insemination, the level of progesterone in milk increased by 10.77-22.54% compared with the level from cows on days 30-65 after calving. A higher (12.88%) concentration of progesterone in milk was evaluated in multiparous cows compared with that from cows of the first parity. In pregnant cows, milk progesterone within 0-45 days after insemination was 23.88% (in multiparous cows) and 32.54% (in primiparous cows) higher than that in non-pregnant cows. On days 31–35 after insemination, pregnant cows had higher milk progesterone levels, which can predict pregnancy success. According to our study results, we can suggest that an inline progesterone concentration determined by inline milk analysis system Herd Navigator and changes in its dynamics correlate with different reproductive statuses and milk yield of cows. Pregnant cows 11–15 days after insemination have higher milk progesterone levels, what positively, associated with a successful pregnancy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0263.v1

Comparative Immunogenicity Evaluation of Two Commonly Used Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccines in Broiler Chickens in Ethiopia

Likelesh Legese, Berhane Wakjira, Tsedale Teshome, Dereje Nigussie Woldemichael, Hika Waktole, Fikru Regassa, Takele Beyene Tufa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Antibody titer; Broiler chicken; IBD vaccines; Immunogenicity evaluation

Online: 19 October 2021 (08:51:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0567.v1

Common Barriers, Attitudes and Practices of Veterinary Practitioners Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Bangladesh

Md. Sahidur Rahman, Nazifa Rafa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial stewardship; barriers; perception; survey; veterinary practitioners

Online: 24 September 2020 (04:41:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0462.v1

Plant-based Bone Grafting: The Future of Bone Healing

Camila Silva de Morais Pinheiro, Alcina Vieira De Carvalho Neta, Vicente Ferrer Pinheiro Neto, Claudia Quintino da Rocha Oliveira, Rachel Melo Ribeiro, Antônio Carlos Romão Borges, Marilene Oliveira da Rocha Borges

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Bone healing; , bone fracture; bone graft; herbal medicine; osteogenesis; plants

Online: 26 January 2023 (02:58:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0317.v1

Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4 (BoHV-4) Vector Delivering Nucleocapsid Protein of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Induces Comparable Protective Immunity against Lethal Challenge in IFNAR^-/- Mice Model

Touraj Aligholipour Farzani, Katalin Földes, Alireza Hanifehnezhad, Burcu Yener Ilce, Seval Bilge Dagalp, Neda Amirzadeh Khiabani, Koray Ergünay, Feray Alkan, Taner Karaoglu, Hurrem Bodur, Aykut Ozkul

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; nucleocapsid; Bovine herpesvirus type 4; IFNAR-/- mice; lethal dose

Online: 31 January 2019 (05:26:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0096.v1

An Inline Reticulorumen pH as Biomarker of Cow’s Reproduction and Health Status

Ramūnas Antanaitis, Vida Juozaitiene, Dovilė Malašauskienė, Mindaugas Televičius

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: ph sensors; reticulorumen; blood gas; automatic milking system; real-time monitoring; precision livestock farming

Online: 10 January 2020 (10:08:05 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

A Generalizable One Health Framework for the Control of Zoonotic Diseases

Ria Ghai, Ryan Wallace, James Kile, Trevor Shoemaker, Antonio Vieira, Maria Negron, Sean Shadomy, Julie Sinclair, Grace Goryoka, Stephanie Salyer, Casey Barton Behravesh

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: One Health; zoonotic disease; zoonotic disease control; anthrax; brucellosis; rabies; rift valley fever; zoonotic influenza

Online: 24 September 2021 (14:19:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0068.v1

Mitigation of Airborne PRRSV Transmission with UV Light Treatment: Proof-of-concept

Peiyang Li, Jacek A. Koziel, Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Jianqiang Zhang, Ting-Yu Cheng, Wannarat Yim-Im, William S. Jenks, Myeongseong Lee, Baitong Chen, Steven J. Hoff

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: air purification; animal production; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; livestock health,; livestock biosecurity; swine diseases; ultraviolet light

Online: 2 March 2021 (10:08:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0195.v1

Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021

Soufien Sghaier, Corinne Sailleau, Maurilia Marcacci, Sarah Thabet, Valentina Curini, Thameur Ben Hassine, Liana Teodori, Ottavio Portanti, Salah Hammami, Lucija Jurisic, Massimo Spedicato, Lydie Postic, Ines Gazani, Raja Ben Osman, Stephan Zientara, Emmanuel Breard, Paolo Calistri, Juergen A. Richt, Edward C. Holmes, Giovanni Savini, Francesca Di Giallonardo, Alessio Lorusso

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: EHDV; Tunisia; virus characterization; EHDV serotype 8; circulation

Online: 10 November 2022 (09:59:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0420.v1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Biodentine Versus MTA in Repair of Experimental Furcation Perforation

Mahmoud Badr, Ashraf Abu-Seida, Ahmed Hashem, Salma El Ashry

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Biodentine, MTA, new bone formation; Osteonectin, furcation perforation

Online: 26 May 2020 (05:34:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0111.v1

Salmonella Surveillance Systems in Swine and Humans in Spain: A Review

Marta Martínez-Avilés, Macarena Garrido-Estepa, Julio Álvarez, Ana de la Torre

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Zoonoses, food-borne, disease control, public health, domestic livestock, pigs, One health

Online: 11 January 2019 (10:59:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0062.v1

In Vitro Evaluation of Eudragit Matrices for Oral Delivery of BCG Vaccine to Animals

Imran Saleem, Allan Coombes, Mark Chambers

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: BCG; Eudragit, oral vaccine; tuberculosis; in vitro viability

Online: 5 April 2019 (11:59:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0308.v1

All Things Being Equal: Spatiotemporal Differences between Open and Women’s 16-Goal Polo

Russ Best, Regan Standing

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: horse; equine; Polo; GPS; horse welfare

Online: 29 August 2019 (08:37:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1227.v1

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Ruxandra Costea, Ioana Ene, Ruxandra Pavel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: sedation; anesthesia; pig; research models, protocols

Online: 19 September 2023 (08:26:35 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1911.v1

Treatment of Three Ferrets Diagnosed with Ferret Systemic Coronaviral Disease Using the Nucleoside Analogue GS-441524

Federica Scaletti, Julia Puffal, Amanda J. Neece

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: antiviral; coronavirus; ferrets; FSCD; FIP

Online: 28 September 2023 (03:19:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0157.v1

Cetacean Morbillivirus, a Journey from Land to Sea and viceversa

Giovanni Di Guardo, Sandro Mazzariol

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Cetacean Morbillivirus; Canine Distemper Virus; Rinderpest Virus; viral phylogeny; viral evolution; Host-pathogen interactions; cetaceans; aquatic mammals

Online: 16 January 2019 (08:38:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0076.v1

Impact Assessment of Free-Roaming Dog Population Management by CNVR in Greater Bangkok

Elly Hiby, Tuntikorn Rungpatana, Alicja Izydorczyk, Craig Rooney, Mike Harfoot, Robert Christley

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Dog; Canine; Catch, Neuter; Vaccinate and Return; CNVR; Dog population management; Rabies; Dog welfare; Impact assessment

Online: 3 March 2023 (14:12:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0209.v1

Review on Epidemiological Interface of Tuberculosis At Human Livestock Wildlife in Ethiopia

Henok Mulatu, Shaban Mohammed

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Bovine Tuberculosis; Human, Interface, Livestock, Wildlife,Ethiopia

Online: 11 November 2022 (02:39:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0620.v1

TeamMate: A Longitudinal Study of Health in Working Farm Dogs. III. Factors Affecting the Risk of Death, Euthanasia or Retirement from Work

Katja E. Isaksen, Lori Linney, Helen Williamson, Elizabeth J. Norman, Nick J. Cave, Naomi Cogger

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: risk factors; longevity, death; euthanasia; retirement; longitudinal; TeamMate; working dogs; herding dogs; working farm dogs

Online: 25 March 2021 (14:24:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0704.v1

Action of Carvacrol on Parascaris sp. and Antagonistic Effect on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Sasa M. Trailovic, Milan Rajkovic, Djordje S. Marjanovic, Cédric Neveu, Claude L. Charvet

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Parascaris; carvacrol; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; muscle contraction; electrophysiology; Xenopus oocytes; mode of action

Online: 27 April 2021 (10:54:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0493.v1

Long-term recovery of the fecal microbiome and metabolome of dogs with steroid-responsive enteropathy

Rachel Pilla, Blake Guard, Amanda B Blake, Mark Ackermann, Craig Webb, Steve Hill, Jonathan A Lidbury, Joerg M Steiner, Albert Jergens, Jan Suchodolski

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Chronic diarrhea, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, microbiota, dysbiosis

Online: 21 June 2021 (08:56:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0010.v2

Comparison of Infrared Thermal Imaging with Two Canine Pain Assessment Tools in Dogs Undergoing Treatment for Chronic Back Pain

Emily Freeman, Jennifer F. Johnson, John C. Godbold, Jr, Ronald J. Riegel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: infrared thermal imaging; infrared thermography; veterinary thermal imaging; pain assessment; osteoarthritis; canine back pain; canine brief pain inventory; photobiomodulation therapy; laser therapy

Online: 17 December 2021 (14:32:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0250.v1

Identification and Distribution of Human-Biting Ticks in Northwestern Spain

María Carmen Vieira Lista, Moncef Belhassen-García, María Belén Vicente Santiago, Javier Sánchez-Montejo, Carlos Pedroza Pérez, Lía Carolina Monsalve Arteaga, Zaida Herrador, Rufino del Álamo-Sanz, Agustin Benito, Julio David Soto López, Antonio Muro

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Tick bites; Ixodidae; epidemiology: emerging diseases; Spain

Online: 17 March 2022 (10:18:51 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0280.v1

Novel Morphological Alteration and Neural Pathway of NADPH Diaphorase Positivity in the Spinal Cord with Disc Herniation of Aged Dog: A Case Report

Yinhua Li, Yunge Jia, Wei Hou, Huibing Tan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: spinal disc herniation, dog, NADPH diaphorase, the aging-related NADPH diaphorase body, megaloneurite, homogeneous formazan globule, intermedial collateral pathway

Online: 19 February 2020 (11:47:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0077.v1

Cross-Sectional Study on the Knowledge About Pet Ownership, Zoonoses and Practices of Pet Owners in the North of Portugal

Beatriz Do Vale, Ana Patrícia Lopes, Maria Conceição Fontes, Mário Silvestre, Luís Cardoso, Ana Cláudia Coelho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Knowledge; One Health; Pet ownership; Pets; Portugal; Public Health; Zoonoses

Online: 3 November 2021 (09:21:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0344.v1

Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa

Fernando Juan Peña Vega, Cristian O'Flaherty, Jose M. Ortiz Rodríguez, Francisco E. Martín Cano, Gemma L. Gaitskell-Phillips, María C. Gil, Cristina Ortega Ferrusola

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: horses; spermatozoa; ROS; oxidative stress; redox regulation; equine

Online: 30 September 2019 (08:06:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0121.v1

Risk Perceptions of Antibiotic Usage and Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Poultry Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

Al-Mustapha A. Ibrahim, Victoria O. Adetunji, Annamari Heikinheimo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: antibiotic usage; antibiotic resistance; poultry; KAP; Kwara; Nigeria

Online: 9 June 2020 (09:45:51 CEST)

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There are overwhelming empirical evidences highlighting the contribution of indiscriminate antibiotic usage (ABU) in food animals to the overall burden of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in humans, thus making antibiotic use the main selective pressure driving antibiotic resistance. Social and behavioral perspective on antibiotic use and resistance in poultry is limited. Our study therefore aimed at obtaining information on antibiotic usage, awareness of ABR, and the attitude and perceptions towards prudent antibiotic usage and ABR. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted in 125 poultry farms in Kwara state in December 2019. Most farmers (69.6%, n=87/125) were aware of ABR and had satisfactory knowledge about ABR with a mean knowledge score of 3.16±1.47. The age, gender, level of education of farmers, and their flock size were significantly associated with a satisfactory knowledge of ABR (p<0.05). Tertiary education was significantly associated with ABR awareness (OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 0.0690, 0.654; p=0.007) and the ABR knowledge level (OR: 7.8269; 95% CI: 3.2693, 18.7381; p < 0.01). Higher flock size was significantly associated with a satisfactory knowledge of ABR (OR: 9.4551; 95%CI: 3.7928, 23.5707; p<0.01). Most of the poultry farmers (68%) had positive attitudes towards prudent antibiotic use with a mean score of 2.75±0.89. On the contrary, only 32.8% of poultry farmers had a good perception of ABR with a mean perception score of 4.95±1.12. The ABR knowledge level was significantly associated with the perceptions of farmers (p<0.05) but not their attitudes toward ABU and ABR (P=0.083). There was evidence of unprescribed use of antibiotics in poultry and a failure to observe antibiotic withdrawal periods. These constitute a risk of exposure to unacceptable levels of drug residues from poultry products and an increased risk of ABR. Improving education and communication on antibiotic stewardship programs are crucial to prevent the looming antibiotic apocalypse.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0107.v1

Molecular Characterization and Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii from Healthy Cattle in the Republic of Korea

Sunwoo Hwang, Hyung-Chul Cho, Seung-Uk Shin, Ha-Young Kim, Yu-Jin Parl, Dong-Hoon Jang, Eun-Mi Kim, Jong Wan Kim, Jinho Park, Kyoung-Seong Choi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Coxiella burnetii; dairy cattle; beef cattle; grazing; ELISA; IS1111

Online: 5 September 2020 (03:47:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0634.v1

Bovine Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) Outbreak Duration in Cattle Herds in Ireland: A Retrospective Observational Study

Andrew William Byrne, Damien Barrett, Philip Breslin, Jamie Madden, James O'Keeffe, Eoin Ryan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: bovine TB; risk factors; disease control; animal health policy; veterinary epidemiology; evidence-based policy

Online: 28 August 2020 (11:25:31 CEST)

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) outbreaks, caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection, are a costly animal health challenge. Understanding factors associated with the duration of outbreaks, known as breakdowns, could lead to better disease management policy development. We undertook a retrospective observational study (2012-2018) and employed Finite Mixture Models (FMM) to model the outcome parameter, and to investigate how factors were associated with duration for differing subpopulations identified. In addition to traditional risk factors (e.g. herd size, bTB history), we also explored farm geographic area, parcels/farm fragmentation, metrics of intensity via nitrogen loading, and whether herds were designated controlled beef finishing units (CBFU) as potential risk factors for increased duration. The final model fitted log-normal distributions, with two latent classes (k) which partitioned the population into a subpopulation around the central tendency of the distribution, and a second around the tails of the distribution. The latter subpopulation included longer breakdowns of policy interest. Increasing duration was positively associated with recent (<3 yrs) TB history and the number of reactors disclosed, (log) herd size, beef herd-type relative to other herd types, number of land parcels, area, and being designated a controlled finishing unit (“feedlot”), and having high annual inward cattle movements within the “tails” subpopulation. Breakdown length was negatively associated with year of commencement of breakdown (i.e. a decreasing trend) and non-significantly with the organic nitrogen produced on the farm (N kg/hectare), a measure of stocking density. The latter finding may be due to confounding effects with herd size and area. Most variables contributed only moderately to explaining variation in breakdown duration, that is, they had moderate size effects on duration. Herd-size and CBFU had greater effect sizes on the outcome. The findings contribute to evidence-based policy formation in Ireland.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0403.v1

Culture-Independent PCR Detection and Differentiation of Mycobacteria spp. in Antemortem Respiratory Samples from African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum, Diceros bicornis) in South Africa

Wynand J. Goosen, Charlene C. Clarke, Léanie Kleynhans, Tanya J. Kerr, Peter Buss, Michele A. Miller

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: African elephants; broncholoalveolar lavage; Hain CMdirect V1.0; ku PCR; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; non-tuberculous mycobacteria; rhinoceros; rpoB PCR; trunk wash; Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra

Online: 30 May 2022 (16:33:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0365.v1

Concern for Dirofilaria immitis and Macrocyclic Lactone Loss of Efficacy: Current Situation in the USA and Europe, and Future Scenarios

Anastasia Diakou, Roger K. Prichard

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Dirofilaria immitis; macrocyclic lactones; resistance; diagnosis; treatment; prevention

Online: 17 August 2021 (14:13:15 CEST)

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Dirofilaria immitis infection is one of the most severe parasitic diseases of dogs. Prevention is achieved by the administration of drugs containing macrocyclic lactones (MLs). These products are very safe and highly effective, targeting the third and fourth larval stages (L3, L4) of the parasite. Until 2011, claims of ineffectiveness of MLs, reported as “Lack of Efficacy” (LOE), were generally attributed to owners’ non-compliance, or other reason for inadequate preventative coverage. There was solid argumentation that a resistance problem is not likely to occur because of i) the great extent of refugia, ii) the complexity of resistance development to MLs, and iii) the possible big number of genes involved in resistance selection. Nevertheless, today it is unequivocally proven that ML resistant D. immitis strains exist, at least in the Lower Mississippi region, USA. Accordingly, tools have been developed, to evaluate and confirm the susceptibility status of D. immitis strains. A simple, in-clinic, microfilariae suppression test, 14-28 days after ML administration, and a “decision tree” (algorithm), including compliance and preventatives’ purchase history, and testing gaps, may be applied for assessing any resistant nature of the parasite. On the molecular level, specific SNPs may be used as markers of ML resistance, offering a basis for validation of clinically suspected resistant strains. In Europe, no LOE/resistance claims have been reported so far, and the existing conditions (stray dogs, rich wildlife, majority of owned dogs not on preventive MLs treatment) do not favor selection pressure on the parasites. Considering the genetic basis of resistance and the epizootiological characteristics of D. immitis, ML resistance neither establishes easily nor spreads quickly, a fact confirmed by the current known dispersion of the problem, which is limited. Nevertheless, ML resistance may propagate from an initial geographical point, via animal and vector mobility, to other regions, while it can also emerge as an independent evolutionary process in a new area. For these reasons and considering the current chemoprophylaxis recommendations and increasing use of ML endectoparasiticides as a potential selection pressure, it is important to remain vigilant for timely detection of any ML LOE/resistance, in all continents where D. immitis is enzootic.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0356.v1

Preliminary Experiment Using Sensors for Cow Health Monitoring After Surgical Treatment for the Left Displacement of the Abomasum

Ramūnas Antanaitis, Vida Juozaitiene, Mindaugas Televičius, Dovilė Malašauskienė, Matvydas Merkis, Eitvydas Merkis, Walter Baumgartner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: experimental sensor; dairy cows; abomasal displacement

Online: 16 July 2020 (13:17:00 CEST)

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The aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of two surgical techniques regarding the cow respiratory rates, heart rates, and rumination time using two sensors: an experimental device that was created by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of Kaunas University of Technology (Lithuania) and the “SCR” (SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) system. The cows were divided into two groups: PA1—cows treated by percutaneous abomasopexy (n = 10), and RSO2—cows treated by right side omentopexy (n = 8). For the control group (KH), according to the principle of analogues (number of lactations, breed, and days in milk), we selected clinically healthy cows (n = 9). After the surgical treatment for the abomasal displacement, the experimental device was applied for the recording of the heart and breathing rates; 12 hour tracking of the rumination time (RT) was implemented using the system ''SCR''; and the body temperature was measured. After 12 hours, the blood was taken for biochemical and morphological tests. The experimental device recorded 12 hours of the respiratory rate (RR) and heart beat rate (HBR) information. We determined the concentrations of the blood serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Phos), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe), as well as the activities of aspartarte aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). According to searches for relationships between the traditional blood biochemical and morphological parameters, and the parameters measured by the experimental device, the more efficient abomasal displacement surgical method was the right side omentopexy. With the sensors, we found, after right side omentopexy, a 5.19 beats/min lower (1.10-times) average value of the respiratory rate, 1.13-times higher level of the heart rate, a 0.15 oC higher temperature, and a 3.29-times lower rumination time compared to the clinical healthy cows. Further research with larger numbers of animals and longer experimental periods are needed prior to practical applications.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0424.v1

The Value of N-of-1 Data in Zoological Medicine: A Methodological Review

Charles O. Cummings, Jessica Eisenbarth, David D.R. Krucik

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: systematic review; meta-analysis; evidence synthesis; RCT; N-of-1 trial; single subject design

Online: 22 December 2022 (07:56:51 CET)

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N-of-1 data are unavoidable in zoological medicine. Accordingly, zoological medicine clinicians and investigators need research techniques that can make use of these data. This article reviews two methodologies for using both observational and experimental N-of-1 data: 1) systematic reviews and meta-analyses of case reports and 2) prospective N-of-1 trials. Systematic reviews of case reports and other observational evidence are formal, unbiased summaries of clinical characteristics of a particular disease-taxon combination. They offer advantages to narrative reviews by minimizing omission of relevant articles, thereby reducing the potential for mischaracterization of the literature. Meta-analyses are extensions of systematic reviews that quantitatively synthesize the data from the included articles. While valuable, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of case reports can have limited interpretations due to publication bias and confounding present in their source materials. In contrast to case reports, N-of-1 trials are prospective study designs that allow clinicians to make strong inferences about the effect of an intervention in a particular patient. They are double-blinded, single patient, multi-crossover studies that are of particular value in fields where it is difficult to recruit sufficient patients for conventional randomized control trials (RCTs), such as zoological medicine. Because they require multiple crossover periods, N-of-1 trials are ideal for evaluating short-acting interventions in patients with somewhat stable chronic diseases, such as osteoarthritis. More complex than conventional therapeutic trials, N-of-1 trials require prior consideration of how to achieve blinding, appropriate placebo controls, quantitative primary outcomes, analysis methods, and ethical approval. Aggregation of N-of-1 trials allows estimation of the average treatment effect across the population with fewer participants than a conventional RCT. While systematic reviews and meta-analyses of case reports can be used to synthesize the observational N-of-1 data already in existence, N-of-1 trials offer an exciting way to prospectively generate strong evidence that will be useful for evidence-based decision-making.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0183.v1

Evidence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bats and Its Planetary Health Impact for Surveillance of Zoonotic Spillover Events: A Scoping Review

Popy Devnath, Nabil Karah, Jay P Graham, Elizabeth Rose, Muhammad Asaduzzaman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR); Bats; Zoonotic spillover; Planetary health; One health

Online: 10 November 2022 (02:35:46 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Molecular Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii in Cattle, Water Buffaloes, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks in Luzon Island of the Philippines

Remil Galay, Melbourne Talactac, Bea Ambita, Dawn Chu, Lali dela Costa, Cinnamon Salangsang, Darwin Caracas, Florante Generoso, Jonathan Babelonia, Joeneil Vergano, Lena Berana, Kristina Sandalo, Billy Divina, Cherry Alvarez, Emman Mago, Masako Andoh, Tetsuya Tanaka

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Coxiella burnetii; Rickettsia; Q fever; rickettsiosis; tick-borne pathogens

Online: 31 March 2020 (09:54:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0617.v1

Remote Controlled Nociceptive Threshold Testing Systems in Large Animals

Polly Taylor

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: refinement; pain; nociceptive threshold; horse; cat; dog; sheep; camel

Online: 27 August 2020 (12:20:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0422.v1

Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli and Sequence Type 131 in Fecal Colonization in Dogs in Taiwan

Jenn-Wei Chen, Han Hsiang Huang, Szu-Min Chang, Joy Scaria, Yu-Lung Chiu, Chih-Ming Chen, Wen-Chien Ko, Jiun-Ling Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: dog; ST131; ESBL; fecal colonization; Escherichia coli

Online: 18 September 2020 (07:15:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0338.v1

Risk Factors for Persistence Infection of Non-typhoidal Salmonella in Poultry Farms, North-Central Nigeria

Abdullahi O. Sanni, Joshua Onyango, Abdulkadir Usman, Latifah O. Abdulkarim, Annelize Jonker, Folorunso O. Fasina

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Non-typhoidal Salmonella; poultry; risk factor; Nigeria; fowl typhoid; pullorum disease

Online: 22 July 2022 (13:12:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0101.v1

Evaluation of Tumor Grade and Proliferation Indices before and after Short-Course Anti-Inflammatory Prednisone Therapy in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors

Shawna Klahn, Nikolaos Dervisis, Kevin Lahmers, Marian Benitez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: mast cell tumor; dog; canine; proliferation indices; grade; prednisone; Ki67; AgNOR; mitotic count; mitotic index

Online: 9 May 2022 (05:22:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0090.v2

Optimal Methods of Documenting Analgesic Efficacy in Neonatal Piglets Undergoing Castration

Meredith Sheil, Adam Polkinghorne

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Piglet; castration; pain; behaviour; peri-operative; vocalisation; nociception; neonate; anaesthesia; analgesia.

Online: 11 August 2020 (10:10:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1725.v1

The Use of Bits in Equestrian Sports and Its Implications for Equine Welfare

Julia Schacht, Anna May, Heidrun Gehlen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: equestrian sport; welfare; bit use; equine behavior; behavioral effects; horse satisfaction; horses; bits

Online: 24 August 2023 (07:59:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0427.v1

Hepatotoxicity of Two Progoitrin-Derived Nitriles in New Zealand White Rabbits

Mark Grey Collett, Zoe Maree Matthews, Kathleen Henry Parton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: brassica-associated liver disease; BALD; progoitrin; 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene; 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3,4-epithiobutane; nitrile; toxicity; rabbits

Online: 18 September 2020 (10:07:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0414.v1

Influence of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Meal Dietary Inclusion on Growth Performance, Gut Histological Traits and Stress Parameters in Sparus Aurata

Ambra Rita Di Rosa, Letteria Caccamo, Lidia Pansera, Marianna Oteri, Biagina Chiofalo, Giulia Maricchiolo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: black soldier fly; fishmeal substitution; gut histology; animal performance; gilthead seabream

Online: 22 December 2022 (03:30:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0105.v1

Erythromycin and Melaleuca armillaris Essential Oil Combination against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dairy Cows

Daniel Buldain, Lihuel Gortari Castillo, Andrea Veronica Buchamer, Arnaldo Bandoni, Laura Marchetti, Nora Mestorino

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Melaleuca armillaris; essential oil; erythromycin; Staphylococcus aureus; synergism; mastitis

Online: 7 July 2022 (04:05:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0090.v1

IL-1R8 Downregulation and Concomitant TLR7 and TLR9 Up-Regulation Are Related to the Pathogenesis of Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Federica Riva, Joel Filipe, Antonella Fanelli, Laura Marconato, Alessia Inglesi, Eugenio Scanziani, Sabina Soldati, Luca Licenziato, Stefano Comazzi, Lucia Minoli, Luca Aresu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: dog; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; IL-1R8; TLR7; TLR9; qRT-PCR

Online: 11 April 2022 (09:15:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0010.v1

Comparison of Infrared Thermal Imaging with Two Canine Pain Assessment Tools in Dogs Undergoing Treatment for Chronic Back Pain

Emily Freeman, Jennifer F. Johnson, John C. Godbold, Jr, Ronald J. Riegel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: infrared thermal imaging; infrared thermography; veterinary thermal imaging; pain assessment; osteoarthritis; canine back pain; canine brief pain inventory; photobiomodulation therapy; laser therapy

Online: 1 December 2021 (11:25:21 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0582.v1

Equine Musculoskeletal Pathologies: Clinical Approaches and Therapeutical Perspectives – A Review

I.L. Reis, B. Lopes, P. Sousa, A.C. Sousa, Ana Rita Caseiro, C.M. Mendonça, J.M. Santos, LM Atayde, R.D. Alvites, Ana Colette Maurício

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Conservative therapies; equine; hemoderivatives; musculoskeletal; osteoarthritis; physiotherapy; regenerative therapies; sports medicine; stem cell; tendinitis

Online: 11 March 2024 (07:04:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0315.v1

Protocol of the Dual Burden of Animal and Human Zoonoses: A Systematic Review

Liz P. Noguera Z., Duriya Charypkhan, Simon Rüegg, Sonja Hartnack, Paul Torgerson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: protocol; review; zoonosis; zoonotic diseases; infectious diseases; burden of diseases; DALY; zDALY; monetary burden; animal losses

Online: 21 July 2022 (08:12:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1827.v1

Leveraging Data from Spontaneous Animal Disease Models to Streamline Pharmaceutical Research: A Tale of Two Species

Jonathan P Mochel, Karin Allenspach

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: One Health; Comparative Research; Reverse Translation

Online: 26 May 2023 (03:29:17 CEST)

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According to data from the U.S FDA, the likelihood of a new drug progressing from Phase I clinical trials to market approval is only 8% (DiMasi et al., 2016). Furthermore, a significant attrition rate of 35% occurs during Phase II studies due to the failure to demonstrate clinical efficacy (Arrowsmith, 2011). These statistics underscore the urgent need to reassess the current research and development (R&D) paradigm. To address this challenge, a promising approach called reverse translational pharmacology (RTP) has emerged, aiming to enhance the predictive value of preclinical models used in biomedical research by leveraging animal models that spontaneously develop analogous diseases to humans (Schneider et al., 2018). The rationale behind RTP is that knowledge gained from clinical trials in canines can subsequently inform and guide human clinical trials, leading to improved outcomes for both species. Additionally, this approach capitalizes on the opportunity to stimulate veterinary drug development by leveraging pharmacokinetic (PK), efficacy, and safety data obtained from human clinical studies (Schneider et al., 2018). The application of reverse translational pharmacology holds immense potential for expediting drug development and advancing medical knowledge. By employing animal models that naturally develop diseases akin to those found in humans, researchers can enhance the predictive capacity of preclinical models, thereby mitigating the high attrition rates encountered in later stages of clinical trials. Moreover, the exchange of knowledge and data between human and veterinary medicine engenders a synergistic relationship, fostering progress in both domains (Schneider et al., 2018). As this innovative approach gains momentum, fostering collaborations between basic and clinician scientists, pharmaceutical companies, and veterinary professionals becomes increasingly imperative. By sharing resources, expertise, and findings, we can pave the way for groundbreaking discoveries and the development of safe and efficacious treatments for diverse diseases. Embracing reverse translational pharmacology offers an avenue to redefine the R&D paradigm, bringing us closer to a future where a higher proportion of drugs successfully traverse the arduous path from the laboratory to market approval, ultimately benefiting patients across species. In this brief commentary, we highlight four examples of diseases where reverse translational modeling has been used to support pharmaceutical research, including some applications developed in our research laboratory (SMART Pharmacology) at the Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine. In doing so, this report also seeks to provide a brief overview of the heuristic value of computational approaches in comparative research. To further illustrate the value of these in silico approaches, we deliberately chose to employ some features of ChatGPT to produce the present summary (OpenAI. (2023). GPT-3.5 [ChatGPT]. Retrieved from https://openai.com).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0413.v1

Assessment of the Epidemic Potential of the Marek’s Disease Virus in the Russian Federation

Vasily Afonyushkin, Anna Kilp, Tatyana Kalinina, Tatyana Mironova, Natalya Ykovleva, Ludmila Ermakova, Nikolay Donchenko

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: zoonosis; Marek's disease; infections; vesicular enteritis; herpesvirus infection; breast cancer; COVID 19

Online: 23 January 2023 (11:55:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0770.v1

Therapeutic Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Veterinary Medicine

Lauretta Turin, Marina Michela Piccione, Fabio Crosa, Paola Dall'Ara, Joel Filipe, Laura Zarucco

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Clostridium botulinum; botulism; neurotoxin; BoNT; therapeutic; antibodies; horse; dog; cat; farm animals

Online: 12 June 2023 (05:23:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0283.v1

Identification and Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Virulence Genes Baba and Caga in Wolinella Isolates from the Oral Cavity of Dogs

Zahra Jahanshiri, Bahar Nayeri-fasaei, Shahram Jamshidi, Taghi Zahraei-Salehi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Wolinella; Virulence genes; Helicobacter pylori; genomic homology

Online: 20 September 2022 (02:06:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0090.v1

Optimal methods of documenting analgesic efficacy in neonatal piglets undergoing castration

Meredith Sheil, Adam Polkinghorne

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Piglet; castration; pain; behaviour; peri-operative; vocalisation; nociception; neonate; anaesthesia; analgesia.

Online: 4 August 2020 (11:13:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1270.v1

Effect of Meloxicam in a Protocol of Balanced Anaesthesia with Propofol and Sevoflurane on the α- δ- γ-Tocopherols in Response to Inflammatory Oxidative Stress Induced by Ovariectomy in Dogs

Giovanna Lucrezia Costa, Simona Di Pietro, Vincenzo Nava, Patrizia Licata, Nicola Maria Iannelli, Fabio Leonardi, Francesco Macrì, Diego Iannelli, Federica De Paoli, Daniele Macrì, Vincenzo Ferrantelli, Vito Angileri, Giuseppe Bruschetta, Claudia Interlandi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: Analgesia; Dog; Meloxicam; Oxidative stress; Ovariectomy; Surgery; Tocopherols

Online: 30 April 2023 (09:15:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0559.v1

Optimization of RT-QuIC Assay Duration for Screening Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer

Gokhan Yilmaz, Tamara Morrill, Cian Ward, Gordon Mitchell, Andrei Soutyrine, Hanhong Dan, Min Lin, Jiewen Guan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: RT-QuIC; Chronic Wasting Disease; Diagnostics; Optimization

Online: 7 September 2023 (15:45:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0006.v1

Transitional and/or Supernumerary Vertebra in Lumbosacrocaudal Region of the Spine – a Reality in All Domestic Mammals

Costică Toader Covașă

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: transitional vertebra; lumbosacral and sacrocaudal junctions; domestic mammals; comparing morphology

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:02:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1418.v1

Molecular Profile of Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets

Pedro Antônio Bronhara Pimentel, Antonio Giuliano, Paweł M. Bęczkowski, Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: angiosarcoma; dog; NRAS; PIK3CA; VEGF; CDKN2A; PTEN; TP53

Online: 19 May 2023 (09:43:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0339.v1

Level Weights for Modeling with Complex Survey Data

Charles Natuhamya

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: complex survey design; multilevel models; nonresponse; sampling probability; survey data; Uganda; weighting

Online: 20 March 2023 (03:41:30 CET)

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Medicine and Pharmacology