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Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

EUROPEAN ME NETWORK (EUROMENE) Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Service Provision and Care of People with ME/CFS in Europe

Luis Nacul, Fraçois Jérôme Authier, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Lorenzo Lorusso, Ingrid Helland, Jose Alegre Martin, Carmen Adella Sirbu, Anne Marit Mengshoel, Olli Polo, Uta Behrends, Henrik Nielsen, Patricia Grabowski, Slobodan Sekulic, Nuno Sepulveda., Fernando Esteves Lopez, Pawel Zalewski, Derek Pheby, Jesus Castro-Marrero, Giorgos K Sakkas, Jonas Bergquist, Enrica Capelli, Ivan Brandslund, John Cullinan, Angelika Krumina, Modra Murovska, Ruud Vermuelen, Eliana Lacerda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; diagnosis; Health services; clinical care

Online: 16 October 2020 (08:58:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2091.v1

Assessing Functional Capacity in ME/CFS: A Patient Informed Questionnaire

Kristian Sommerfelt, Trude Schei, Katharine A Seton, Simon R Carding

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: ME/CFS; chronic fatigue syndrome; functional capacity; post exertional malaise; questionnaire; survey

Online: 29 September 2023 (09:21:59 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0297.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Central Nervous System of a 1-Year-Old Infant Submitted to Complete Autopsy

Ismael Carlos Gomes, Karina Karmirian, Julia Oliveira, Carolina Pedrosa, Fernando Colonna Rosman, Leila Chimelli, Stevens Rehen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; CNS; infant; Choroid plexus

Online: 13 September 2020 (16:16:59 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0108.v1

Towards a Biological Definition of Parkinson’s Disease

Günter U. Höglinger, Charles H. Adler, Daniela Berg, Christine Klein, Tiago F. Outeiro, Werner Poewe, Ronald Postuma, Jon Stoessl, Anthony E. Lang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; genetics; α-synuclein; neurodegeneration; clinical manifestation; diagnosis

Online: 7 April 2023 (03:54:11 CEST)

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With the growing hope that disease-modifying treatments could target the molecular basis of neurodegenerative diseases even before the onset of symptoms, there is mounting pressure to define disease entities based on pathophysiology rather than on clinical syndromes. The Alzheimer’s disease research community has recently transitioned from diagnostic criteria based on an amnestic syndrome to a purely biomarker-based disease definition, relying on the demonstration of amyloid-beta pathology, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. In contrast, current diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease still rely on the presence of the well-described clinical syndrome of parkinsonism, with the addition of characteristic motor- and non-motor signs and symptoms. However, there is now unequivocal evidence that Parkinson’s disease starts years before the onset of parkinsonism. Furthermore, neuropathologically defined Lewy body disease is clinically heterogeneous, combining a range of motor, non-motor, dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic features. Finally, clinically defined Parkinson’s disease has diverse underlying etiologies most, but not all, associated with α-synuclein positive Lewy pathology. In light of recent scientific advances, we propose a biologically based definition for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, initially to be used for research purposes. The criteria use a three-component ‘G-S-N’ system. The first is documentation of defined gene variants (‘G’), which cause or strongly predispose to PD as the most upstream component. The second is α-synuclein pathology (‘S’), currently defined as pathological α-synuclein deposition in tissue or positive α-synuclein seeding assays. The third is evidence of underlying neurodegeneration (‘N’), currently defined by specific neuroimaging procedures. The associated clinical syndrome (‘C’) is defined by a single high-specificity feature or multiple lower-specificity features. Initiating this transition will enable the field to fuel both basic and clinical research and move closer to the precision medicine required to develop clinically meaningful disease-modifying therapies. We acknowledge current limitations, ethical implications, and the need for prospective validation of this approach.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0148.v1

Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Hydrodissection for Pain Management: An Updated Review of Anatomy and Techniques

King Hei Stanley Lam, Chen-Yu Hung, Yi-Pin Chiang, Kentaro Onishi, Thomas B. Clark, Dean K Reeves, Su Daniel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: nerve hydrodissection; pain management; ultrasonography; neuropathic pain

Online: 15 January 2020 (12:09:56 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0304.v1

Neurological Complications of Pandemic COVID-19: What Have We Got So Far?

Isabelle Pastor Bandeira, Marco Antônio Machado Schlindwein, Leticia Caroline Breis, Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron, Marcus Vinicius Magno Gonçalves

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Neurology; coronavirus

Online: 17 April 2020 (15:27:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0365.v1

Molecular Modelling and Docking Experiments Examining the Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Konstantinos Farsalinos, Elias Eliopoulos, Demetres Leonidas, Georgios Papadopoulos, Socrates Tzartos, Konstantinos Poulas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; smoking; nicotine; nicotinic cholinergic system; inflammation; acetylcholine receptors

Online: 23 May 2020 (10:06:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0018.v1

Effects of Excitatory Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Anterior Intraparietal Area in Chronic Stroke Patients

Ronaldo Luis da Silva, Angela Maria Costa de Souza, Francielly Ferreira Santos, Sueli Toshie Inoue, Johanne Higgins , Victor Frak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: anterior intraparietal area; stroke; rTMS; Fugl-Meyer Assessment; fast frequency TMS; motricity; sensibility; chronic patients

Online: 2 March 2018 (05:16:16 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0305.v1

Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Isabelle Pastor Bandeira, Caroline Figueiredo da Silva, Maria Eduarda Marchi Martin, Gustavo Figueiredo da Silva, Laura Fiuza Parolin, Luiz Henrique Melo, Marcus Vinicius Magno Goncalves

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: multiple sclerosis; tuberculosis; immunosuppressive therapy; Latent tuberculosis

Online: 17 April 2020 (15:34:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0024.v1

Identification of One BOCR Mutation and Five NF1 Mutations in Male Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia

Zhifan Zhou, Yong Zeng, Xinchun Wu, Fei Li, Xiaoyan Liu, Lu Zhou, Lihua Hou, Silong Sun, Lu Shen, Zhangyuan Lin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neurofibromatosis type 1; congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia; whole-exome sequencing; targeted sequencing; BCOR

Online: 7 September 2016 (11:19:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0503.v1

Central Nervous System Depressant Drugs: Updated Review

Abdullah Alkattan, Eman Alsalameen, Amr Ahmed

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: CNS; Drug receptors; GABA; Cannabinoid; Opioid; Serotonin; Dopamine

Online: 25 January 2021 (14:15:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0330.v1

Brainstem Dysfunction in SARS-COV2 Infection Can Be a Potential Cause of Respiratory Distress

Calixto Machado, Joel Victor Gutierrez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2); COVID-19; coronavirus; pandemic; respiratory distress; brainstem; respiratory center

Online: 19 April 2020 (05:37:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0453.v1

Neurological Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19: A Literature Review

Imran Ahmad, Farooq Azam Rathore

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neurology; clinical features; coronavirus; stroke; encephalitis; headache; delirium

Online: 25 April 2020 (02:36:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0138.v1

Review of Computational Methods on Brain Symmetric and Asymmetric Analysis from Neuroimaging Techniques

P. Kalavathi, K. Senthamilselvi, V. B. Surya Prasath

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: computational imaging; midsagittal plane; inter-hemispheric fissure; symmetry analysis; neuroimaging

Online: 28 November 2016 (02:03:34 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0106.v1

A Rare Case of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome Who Showed a Positive Evolution after Being Treated with Growth Hormone, High Doses of Melatonin and Neurorehabilitation

Jesús Devesa, Alba Alonso, Patricia Porto, Ana Quintana, María Carrillo, Pablo Devesa, Carlos Israel Puell

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Aicardi-Goutiéres syndrome; interferon 1; melatonin; growth hormone; neurorehabilitation

Online: 31 August 2017 (12:30:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0114.v1

A Possible Role of an Interaction of the Age at Common Childhood Infections and Selected Dietary Factors at Young Age, for the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Klaus Lauer, Annette Wahl, Marcel Geilenkeuser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: multiple sclerosis; epidemiology; diet; childhood infections; interaction

Online: 22 November 2016 (13:00:45 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0022.v1

Validation Study of Italian Version of Inventory for DéJà vu Experiences Assessment (I-IDEA): A Screening Tool to Detect DéJà vu Phenomenon in Italian Healthy Individuals

Laura Mumoli, Giovanni Tripepi, Umberto Aguglia, Antonio Augimeri, Rossella Baggetta, Francesca Bisulli, Antonella Bruni, Salvatore M. Cavalli, Alfredo D'Aniello, Ornella Daniele, Carlo Di Bonaventura, Giancarlo Di Gennaro, Jinane Fattouch, Edoardo Ferlazzo, Alessandra Ferrari, Annateresa Giallonardo, Sara Gasparini, Salvatore Nigro, Andrea Romigi, Vito Sofia, Paolo Tinuper, Maria Grazia Vaccaro, Leila Zummo, Aldo Quattrone, Antonio Gambardella, Angelo Labate

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Déjà Vu; Inventory for Déjà Vu Experiences Assessment (IDEA)

Online: 11 July 2017 (16:05:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0027.v1

iPad Use in Stroke Neuro-Rehabilitation

Khalid Ameer, Khalid Ali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: iPad; tablet computers; Stroke; neuro-rehabilitation

Online: 5 January 2017 (09:56:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0010.v1

Synergistic Effect of Coadministration of Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis Vaccines on Immune Responses to Meningitis in Mouse Model

Randa H. Ali, Nourtan F. Abdeltawab, Osama A. Hady, Magdy A. Amin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Haemophilus influenza; Neisseria meningitidis; meningitis; vaccine efficacy evaluation; immunization schedule.

Online: 2 January 2017 (18:14:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0054.v1

Identification of the Sixth Ig-like Domain of VCAM-1 as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer Cell Invasion

Mi Ra Kim, Ji Hye Jang, Chang Sik Park, Taek-Keun Kim, Youn-Jae Kim, Junho Chung, Hyunbo Shim, In Hyun Nam, Jung Min Han, Sukmook Lee

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: human antibody; invasion; lung cancer; therapeutic target; VCAM-1; VCAM-1-D6

Online: 15 February 2017 (10:45:16 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0105.v5

Implantable Systems for Continuous Liquorpheresis and CSF Replacement

Manuel Menendez Gonzalez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: csf; shunt; filtration; neurodegenerative; neuroimmunology; alzheimer; parkinson; guillain-barre; device; ventriculo-peritoneal shunt

Online: 30 January 2017 (14:22:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0095.v1

Melatonin as an Interventional Novel Candidate for the Individual with Autistic Fragile X Syndrome in Human

Jinyoung Won, Yunho Jin, Tae Ho Lee, Sang-Rae Lee, Kyu-Tae Chang, Yonggeun Hong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: autism spectrum disorders; fragile X syndrome (FXS); sleep disorder; melatonin

Online: 15 March 2017 (07:40:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0530.v1

Discovery of Simple Blood-Based Test to Predict Early Onset of Alzheimer’s Using Standard Clinical Mass Spectrometry Platforms

Simona Piccirella, Simone Cristoni, Christopher Fowler, James Doecke, Giulia Abate, Daniela Uberti

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; biomarker; prognosis; P53; mass spectrometry

Online: 26 January 2021 (10:01:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0138.v1

TGF-Beta 1 and the Spinal Cord-Specific Outcome of Multiple Sclerosis Active Plaques

Serge Nataf

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: multiple sclerosis; spinal cord; transforming growth factor beta 1; active plaques

Online: 20 December 2017 (07:04:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0133.v1

Growth Hormone (GH) and Rehabilitation Promoted Distal Innervation in a Child Affected from a Syndrome of Caudal Regression

Jesús Devesa, Alba Alonso, Natalia López, José García, Carlos Israel Puell, Tamara Pablos, Pablo Devesa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: GH; syndrome of caudal regression; sacral agenesis; physiotherapy; neurogenic bladder; flaccid paraplegia

Online: 27 November 2016 (04:35:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0034.v1

The Role of SNCA Rep1 Microsatellite in Parkinson’s Disease Progression

Lucia Corrado, Fabiola De Marchi, Sara Tunesi, Gaia Oggioni, Miryam Carecchio, Luca Magistrelli, Silvana Tesei, Giulio Riboldazzi, Alessio Di Fonzo, Clarissa Locci, Ilaria Trezzi, Roberta Zangaglia, Cristina Cereda, Sandra D'Alfonso, Corrado Magnani, Comi Giacomo Pietro, Giorgio Bono, Claudio Pacchetti, Roberto Cantello, Stefano Goldwurm, Cristoforo Comi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: dementia; hallucinations; genetics

Online: 6 June 2017 (08:39:30 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0744.v1

Recommendations for Epidemiological Research in ME/CFS from the EUROMENE Epidemiology Working Group

Kathleen Mudie, Fernando Estévez-López, Slobodan Sekulic, Andrejs Ivanovs, Nuno Sepulveda, Pawel Zalewski, Anne Marit Mengshoel, Jean-Dominique De Korwin, Natasa Hinic Capo, Jose Alegre-Martin, Jesus Castro-Marrero, Modra Murovska, Luis Nacul, Eliana Lacerda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), Data Collection Standardisation, Research Guidelines, Europe

Online: 30 September 2020 (12:24:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0014.v1

Principles of Dynamic Network Reconfiguration across Diverse Brain States

James M. Shine, Russell A. Poldrack

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: network; topology; integration; segregation; fMRI

Online: 10 July 2017 (05:48:41 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0300.v1

Rett Syndrome: Treatment with IGF-1, Melatonin, Blackcurrant Extracts, and Rehabilitation

Jesús Devesa, Olga Devesa, María Carrillo, Nerea Casteleiro, Ana Devesa, David Llorente, Cristina González

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: IGF-1; MT; Blackcurrant extracts; Oxidative stress; Mecp2; Speech therapy; Neurostimulation; cyclic glycine-proline; GPE.

Online: 22 May 2018 (11:25:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0452.v1

Virtual Reality Tremor Reduction in Parkinson's Disease

John Cornacchioli, Alec Galambos, Stamatina Rentouli, Robert Canciello, Roberta Marongiu, Daniel Cabrera, eMalick G. Njie

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neurodegeneration; Parkinson's disease; essential tremor; Deep Brain stimulation; Levodopa; Virtual Reality; Oculus Rift; Medical Virtual Reality; Tremor stabilization; Equalizers

Online: 29 February 2020 (03:56:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0591.v1

Neuromuscular Adverse Events Associated with Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibodies: Systematic Review

Annette Johansen, Søren Just Christensen, David Scheie, Joan L. S. Højgaard, Daniel Kondziella

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: adverse events; immune checkpoint inhibitor; myasthenia gravis; myopathy; neuropathy; nivolumab; pembrolizumab

Online: 29 September 2018 (11:28:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0067.v1

Transition from Pediatric Care to Adult Care in Headache Patients

Allyson Bazarsky , Shalonda K. Slater , Hope L. O’Brien

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Transition Medicine; Pediatric migraine; Pediatric; Migraine; Migraine in young adults

Online: 14 June 2017 (09:26:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0006.v1

Differential Methylation in APOE Genes (Chr19; exon four; from 44,909,188 to 44,909,373) and Increased Apolipoprotein E Plasmatic Levels in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment”

Oscar Mancera Páez, Kelly Estrada Orozco, Maria Fernanda Mahecha, Francy Cruz Sanabria, Kely Bonilla-Vargas, Nicolas Sandoval, Esneyder Guerrero, David Salcedo-Tacuma, Jesús Melgarejo, Edwin Vega, Jenny Ortega, Gustavo C. Roman, Rodrigo Pardo-Turriago, Humberto Arboleda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: APOE gene; Apolipoprotein E; DNA methylation; Mild cognitive impairment; Hispanics.

Online: 1 February 2019 (09:22:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0267.v1

Performance of a Non-Invasive Blood Test for a Conformational Variant of p53 to Predict Alzheimer’s Disease Within 6 Years of Clinical Diagnosis

Simona Piccirella, Daniela Uberti, Chengjie Xiong, Christopher Fowler, James Doecke, Anne Fagan, Giovanni Frisoni, Paul Kinnon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; AD; blood-based biomarker; p53; unfolded p53; U-p53

Online: 12 May 2021 (11:21:18 CEST)

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Background: Research continues to search for blood-based biomarkers sensitive to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology during the initial stages when symptoms of cognitive decline are not yet apparent. A blood-based biomarker candidate is metalloprotein p53, the conformation of which was previously found to be altered in peripheral cells from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, presenting as an unfolded p53 (U-p53) conformational variant. Methods: Plasma samples from the well-characterized Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle (AIBL) cohort were used to identify the clinically relevant AZ 284^® peptide, specifically present in samples from individuals with symptomatic AD. The AZ 284^® peptide, which is a marker of the U-p53 conformational variant (U-p53^AZ), was identified by immunoprecipitation (IP) with a novel U-p53 conformational variant-specific antibody followed by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and protein sequencing. Using IP-LC surface-activated chemical ionization (SACI) MS/MS analysis, the prognostic and diagnostic performance of U-p53^AZ were examined in the longitudinal AIBL cohort, including 252 plasma samples derived from 214 elderly individuals. For the prognostic analyses, U-p53^AZ levels were assessed at 36, 72, and 90 months after baseline assessment. Results: The prognostic performance of U-p53^AZto predict the progression to AD from preclinical or prodromal AD was high, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values close to or above 0.90. Furthermore, U-p53^AZ predicted the progression to AD more than 6 years prior to symptom onset with positive and negative predictive values of about 90%. Additionally, the estimated prognostic performance of U-p53^AZ was superior to other main risk factors (i.e., age, sex, and either alone or in combination with amyloid status. Furthermore, U-p53^AZ had high diagnostic performance to differentiate cognitively normal individuals from those with AD (AUC values >0.88). Conclusion: These findings support the use of U-p53^AZ as a prognostic blood-based biomarker accurately predicting the progression to AD dementia during the preclinical and prodromal stages at least 6 years before receiving the clinical diagnosis of AD dementia.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0103.v1

Cytokine Release Syndrome-Associated Encephalopathy in Patients with COVID-19

Peggy Perrin, Nicolas Collongues, Seyyid Baloglu, Dimitri Bedo, Xavier Bassand, Thomas Lavaux, Gabriela Gautier, Nicolas Keller, Stephane Kremer, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Bruno Moulin, Ilies Benotmane, Sophie Caillard

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: clinical medecine; physiopathology; COVID-19; neurological manifestations; kidney disease; cytokine; corticosteroids; intravenous immunoglobulins

Online: 7 June 2020 (15:50:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0275.v1

The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Relevance of the Canine Model: A Review

Yoko Ambrosini, Dana Borcherding, Anumantha Kanthasamy, Hyun Jung Kim, Albert Jergens, Karin Allenspach, Jonathan Mochel

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: canine enteroid/colonoids; gut-on-a-chip; translational medicine; Alzheimer’s disease; canine cognitive disfunction

Online: 28 January 2019 (10:30:57 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0153.v1

Successful Treatment With Minocycline and Saiko-Keishi-to for Covid-19-Associated CNS Lesion

Masashi Ohe, Shida Haruki, Junya Yamamoto, Masahide Seki, Ken Furuya

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; minocycline; saiko-keishi-to

Online: 8 November 2022 (10:28:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0111.v1

The Relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Melatonin during Fetal Development

Yunho Jin, Jeonghyun Choi, Jinyoung Won, Yonggeun Hong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; melatonin; fetal development; neuroprotection; circadian rhythm

Online: 17 December 2017 (08:41:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0332.v1

Efficacy of a Gluten-Free Diet in the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Luis Rodrigo, Nuria Álvarez, Enrique Fernández-Bustillo, Javier Salas-Puig, Marcos Huerta, Carlos Hernández-Lahoz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS); children and adults; motor and vocal/phonic tics; obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS); gluten-free diet; one-year adherence

Online: 26 April 2018 (06:26:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0050.v1

Nanotherapy for Early Dementia: Targeting Senile Endothelium

Joseph S. D'Arrigo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's-disease; dementia; drug targeting; nanoemulsion; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; scavenger receptors; sonoporation; transcranial ultrasound

Online: 13 September 2017 (05:44:29 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0105.v2

A CSF Shunt System for Liquorpheresis and CSF Replacement

Manuel Menéndez González

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: csf; shunt; filtration; neurodegenerative; neuroimmunology; alzheimer; parkinson; guillain-barre; device; ventriculo-peritoneal shunt

Online: 21 December 2016 (10:12:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0179.v1

Proteostasis in Huntington’s Disease: Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Rachel J. Harding, Yufeng Tong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Huntington’s disease; neurodegenerative diseases; autophagy; proteostasis; proteasomal degradation

Online: 19 January 2018 (04:25:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0166.v1

Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Injury, and C.N.S. Nanotherapy in Humans: Sonoporation Augmenting Drug Targeting

Joseph S. D'Arrigo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; drug targeting; nanoemulsion; neuroinflammation; neurotrauma; oxidative stress; scavenger receptors; SR-BI; transcranial sonoporation

Online: 30 September 2017 (05:21:37 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0098.v1

New Hope for Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD): A Narrative Review of Clinical Studies Conducted in the Symptomatic Treatments for Agitation and Psychosis Episodes in Alzheimer’s Disease/Dementia

Haider Saddam Qasim, Maree Donna Simpson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: BPSD; Alzheimer’s dementia; agitation; psychosis; SSRIs; antipsychotics; brexpiprazole; dextromethorphan

Online: 10 January 2022 (11:12:38 CET)

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Background: The psychomotor agitation of the BPSD is one of the common issues in aged care facilities, leading to the poor functional and medical consequences. Psychotropic interventions are the preferable choice of treatment. But which medication should be the prescribers first preference? This review aims to compare pharmacological interventions for psychomotor agitation, judging them according to their effectuality and justifiability profiles. This is to be achieved by retrieving information from RCTs and systematic reviews. Objectives: This review evaluates evidence from RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of BPSD patients who had taken agitation treatments. Assessing the efficacy of antidepressants and antipsychotic treatments when compared to each other for the purpose of improving agitation outcomes. Methods: This narrative review includes RCTs and retrospective studies that were comparing one or more active ingredient medications with another or with a placebo, along with sys-tematic reviews comparing antidepressants with antipsychotics such as quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone. Studies extracted by searching accessing databases, such as PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane with restrictions of date from 2000 to 2021 and English language. Quality of evidence: The quality of systematic reviews was judged against AMSTAR score, and RCTs were judged according to CONSORT checklist for RCT protocols. Conclusion: There are still few studies of serotonin targeting treatment of agitation in BPSD. The SSRIs such as citalopram were associated with a reduction in symptoms of agitation, and lower risk of adverse effects compared to antipsychotics. This review also illustrates brexpiprazole as a target of multimodal neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine; and dextromethorphan, OR dextromethorphan associated with bupropion or quinidine as a blockade of NMDA receptors. The outcome of this review suggests that further studies involving more dementia/Alzheimer’s participants should be conducted. Future studies are required also to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of SSRI, brexpiprazole, dextromethorphan treatments for agitation in BPSD.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0326.v1

Monoclonal Antibody as an Emerging Therapies for Ischemic Stroke

Demi Woods, Qian Jiang, Xiang-Ping Chu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: stroke; antibody therapy; monoclonal antibody; inflammation; acid-sensing ion channel; receptor; growth factors

Online: 28 May 2019 (10:05:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0134.v1

Same Brain, Different Look? – the Impact of Scanner, Sequence and Preprocessing on Diffusion Imaging Outcome Parameters

Ronja Thieleking, Rui Zhang, Maria Paerisch, Kerstin Wirkner, Alfred Anwander, Frauke Beyer, Arno Villringer, A. Veronica Witte

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; White Matter; Fractional anisotropy; Multi-centre; Reproducibility; Imaging artefacts; Ageing

Online: 6 July 2021 (11:29:06 CEST)

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Working Paper CASE REPORT

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Central Nervous System of a 1-Year-Old Infant Submitted to Complete Autopsy

Ismael Carlos Gomes, Karina Karmirian, Julia Oliveira, Carolina Pedrosa, Fernando Colonna Rosman, Leila Chimelli, Stevens Rehen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; CNS; infant; Choroid plexus

Online: 19 September 2020 (04:49:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0013.v1

Complexity-Entropy Maps as a Tool for the Characterization of the Clinical Electrophysiological Evolution of Patients Under Pharmacological Treatment with Psychotropic Drugs

Juan M. Diaz, Diego M. Mateos, Carina Boyallian

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: permutation entropy; permutation complexity; pharmacological treatment

Online: 4 August 2017 (11:06:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0014.v1

Using a Combination of Electroencephalographic and Acoustic Features to Accurately Predict Emotional Responses to Music

Devon Krish

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: EEG; music therapy; acoustic features; machine learning; emotional-response predictions

Online: 1 July 2021 (11:12:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0052.v1

SerThr-PhosphoProteome of Brain from Aged PINK1-KO+A53T-SNCA Mice Reveals pT1928-MAP1B and pS3781-ANK2 Deficits, as Hub between Autophagy and Synapse Changes

Georg Auburger, Suzana Gispert, Sylvia Torres-Odio, Marina Jendrach, Nadine Brehm, Júlia Canet-Pons, Jana Key, Nesli-Ece Sen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson's disease; brain phosphorylome; PINK1, alpha-synuclein; microtubular cytoskeleton; autophagy; synaptic signaling

Online: 7 June 2019 (03:21:19 CEST)

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Hereditary Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be triggered by an autosomal dominant overdose of alpha-Synuclein (SNCA) as stressor or the autosomal recessive deficiency of PINK1 Serine/Threonine-phosphorylation activity as stress-response. We demonstrated the combination of PINK1-knockout with overexpression of SNCAA53T in double mutant (DM) mice to exacerbate locomotor deficits and to reduce lifespan. To survey posttranslational modifications of proteins underlying the pathology, brain hemispheres of old DM mice underwent quantitative label-free global proteomic mass spectrometry, focused on Ser/Thr-phosphorylations. As exceptionally strong effect, we detected >300-fold reductions of phosphoThr1928 in MAP1B, a microtubule-associated protein, and a similar reduction of phosphoSer3781 in ANK2, an interactor of microtubules. MAP1B depletion is known to trigger perturbations of microtubular mitochondria trafficking, neurite extension and synaptic function, so it was noteworthy that relevantly decreased phosphorylation was detected also for other microtubule and microfilament factors, namely MAP2S1801, MARK1S394, MAP1AT1794, KIF1AS1537, 4.1NS541, 4.1GS86 and ADD2S528. While the MAP1B heavy chain supports regeneration and growth cones, its light-chain assists DAPK1-mediated autophagy. Interestingly, relevant phosphorylation decreases of DAPK2S299, VPS13DS2429 and VPS13CS2480 in the DM brain affected regulators of autophagy, which are implicated in PD. Overall, significant downregulations were enriched for PFAM C2 domains, other kinases, and synaptic transmission factors upon automated bioinformatics, while upregulations were not enriched for selective motifs or pathways. Validation experiments confirmed the change of LC3 processing as reflection of excessive autophagy in DM brain, and dependence of ANK2/MAP1B expression on PINK1 levels. Our new data provide independent confirmation in a mouse model with combined PARK1/PARK4/PARK6 pathology that MAP1B/ANK2 phosphorylation events are implicated in Parkinsonian neurodegeneration. These findings expand on previous observations in D. melanogaster that the MAP1B ortholog futsch in the presynapse is a primary target of the PARK8 protein LRRK2, and on a report that MAP1B is a component of the pathological Lewy body aggregates in PD patient brains. Similarly, ANK2 gene locus variants are associated with the risk of PD, ANK2 interacts with PINK1/Parkin-target proteins such as MIRO1 or ATP1A2, and ANK2-derived peptides are potent inhibitors of autophagy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0015.v1

Swallowing Speed as Potential Predictor of Aspiration in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Christina Pflug, Almut Niessen, Carsten Buhmann, Moritz Bihler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: dysphagia; FEES; Parkinson’s disease; swallowing speed; screening; water test

Online: 1 April 2019 (13:32:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0543.v1

Be the Change You Seek in Science

Michael Milham, Arno Klein

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Open Science, Data Sharing, Neuroimaging, Reproducibility, Transparency, Reform

Online: 27 September 2018 (11:50:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0080.v1

Implantation of Elongated Porous Silicon Neural Probe Array in Rat Cortex

Mohamad Hajj-Hassan, Rayan Fayad, Soumaya Berro, Vamsy P. Chodavarapu, Sam Musallam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: cognitive neural prosthetics; brain machine interfaces; porous silicon; microprobes

Online: 9 January 2018 (09:14:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0355.v1

Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A and Phthalates and Behavioral Problems in Children at Preschool Age: The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health

Machiko Minatoya, Sachiko Itoh, Keiko Yamazaki, Atsuko Araki, Chihiro Miyashita, Naomi Tamura, Jun Yamamoto, Yu Onoda, kazuki Ogasawara, Toru Matsumura, Reiko Kishi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: SDQ; bisphenol A; phthalates; prenatal exposure; birth cohort; behavioral problems

Online: 27 April 2018 (08:27:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0147.v1

Novel Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers for the Treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Imogen Tyer, Alison Hill

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: PSP; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; 4R-tau; four-repeat tau; MAPT; Microtubule-associated ligand; PET; Positron Emission Tomography

Online: 12 June 2020 (09:41:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0359.v1

Post-translational Modifications of the p53 Protein and the Impact in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Literature

James Clark, Simona Piccirella, Rakez Kayed, Giulia Abate, Daniela Uberti, Paul Kinnon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: p53; post-translational modifications; alzheimer's disease

Online: 21 September 2021 (12:01:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0265.v2

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Increases The Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Ultrastructural Remodeling of the Neurovascular Unit and Diabetic Gliopathy

Melvin Hayden

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Aging; Alzheimer’s disease; brain insulin resistance; db/db diabetic mouse model; diabetic cognopathy; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; mixed dementia; obesity; type 2 diabetes mellitus

Online: 9 September 2019 (06:12:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0026.v1

The Role of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Diagnostic Tool for Multiple Sclerosis

Shahid Bashir, Muhannad M. Alsharidah, Sarah S.Alseneidi, Afnan A. Alkharan, Ali Hamza

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: MS: Multiple sclerosis, TMS: transcranial magnetic stimulation, Evoked Potentials;

Online: 2 April 2018 (16:03:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0056.v1

Association between Cervical Spondylosis and Migraine: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

Wang-Sheng Lin, Tung-Fu Huang, Tien-Yow Chuang, Cheng-Li Lin, Chia-Hung Kao

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: cervical spondylosis; migraine; retrospective cohort study; population-based

Online: 7 February 2018 (06:40:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0631.v1

Opportunities and Challenges for Single-Unit Recordings from Enteric Neurons in Awake Animals

Bradley Barth, Hsin-I Huang, Gianna Hammer, Xiling Shen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: microelectrodes; in vivo electrophysiology; neural interfaces; enteric nervous system; conscious recording; electrode implantation

Online: 31 July 2018 (22:34:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0054.v1

Neuropsychiatric Borreliosis/Tick-Borne Disease: An Overview

Robert C Bransfield

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; tickborne diseases; persistent infection; treatment; assessment; depression; anxiety; sleep disorders; opioid addiction

Online: 5 June 2018 (08:33:20 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

A Complex Systems Perspective on Neuroimaging Studies of Behaviour and Its Disorders

Federico E. Turkheimer, Fernando E. Rosas, Ottavia Dipasquale, Daniel Martins, Erik D. Fagerholm, Paul Expert, Frantisek Vasa, Louis-David Lord, Robert Leech

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Complex systems; Emergence; Neuroimaging; Behaviour; Disorders

Online: 2 September 2020 (10:02:03 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0281.v1

A Molecular Framework for Autistic Experiences: Mitochondrial Allostatic Load as A Mediator between Autism and Psychopathology

Caitlyn Mahony, Colleen O' Ryan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: autism; autistic burnout; social camouflaging; early life stress; suicidality; psychopathology; mitochondrial allostatic load

Online: 21 May 2022 (10:53:46 CEST)

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Molecular research into Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) is undergoing an essential shift towards a biopsychosocial framework that is informed by autistic experiences. In this context, research aims are moving away from correcting external autistic behaviors and towards alleviating internal distress. ASC is associated with high rates of depression, suicidality and comorbid psychopathologies, but the underlying mechanisms that mediate this relationship are poorly understood. Here, we integrate emerging psychosocial characterizations of internal autistic experiences within a molecular framework to yield insight into the prevalence of psychopathology in ASC. We demonstrate that recent conceptualizations of social camouflaging and autistic burnout resonate closely with the accepted definitions for early life stress (ELS) and chronic adolescent stress (CAS). We propose that social camouflaging could be considered a distinct form of ELS that contributes to allostatic load, culminating in a pathophysiological state that is experienced as autistic burnout. Autistic burnout is thought to contribute to psychopathology via both psychosocial and neurophysiological mechanisms, but these remain largely unexplored by molecular researchers. Considering recent insights from converging bodies of work in molecular neuroscience, we discuss the substantial evidence implicating mitochondrial dysfunction in ASC to propose a novel role for mitochondrial allostatic load in the relationship between autism and psychopathology. An interplay between mitochondrial metabolism, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine signaling is increasingly implicated in stress-related psychopathologies and these molecular players are also associated with neurodevelopmental, neurophysiological and neurochemical aspects of ASC etiology. Together, this suggests an increased exposure to, and an underlying molecular susceptibility to, ELS that increases the risk of psychopathology in ASC. This article describes an integrative framework shaped by autistic experiences that highlights novel avenues for future research into molecular mechanisms that affect the quality of life and well-being of autistic individuals. Moreover, this framework emphasizes the need for increased access to diagnosis, accommodations, and resources to improve mental health outcomes in autism.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0296.v1

Peripheral Blood Biomarkers Coupled with the Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype are Strongly Associated with Semantic and Episodic Memory Impairments in Elderly Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia

Thitiporn Supasitthumrong, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul, Daruj Aniwattanapong , Sookjaroen Tangwongchai, Phenphichcha Chuchuen , Itthipol Tawankanjanachot , Thiti Snabboon, Solaphat Hemrungrojn , Andre F. Carvalho, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: episodic memory, apolipoprotein, dementia, biomarkers, anion gap, inflammation

Online: 29 January 2019 (16:52:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0002.v1

Oxygen and the Spark of Human Brain Evolution: a Complex Systems Account

Andrea Luppi, Fernando Rosas, Maryann Noonan, Pedro Mediano, Morten Kringelbach, Robin Carhart-Harris, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Anthony Vernon, Federico Turkheimer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Human brain evolution; complex systems theory

Online: 1 June 2022 (03:37:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0018.v2

Effects of Excitatory Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the P3 Point in Chronic Stroke Patients – Case Reports

Ronaldo Luis da Silva, Angela Maria Costa de Souza, Francielly Ferreira Santos, Sueli Toshie Inoue, Johanne Higgins , Victor Frak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: intraparietal sulcus; stroke; rTMS; Fugl-Meyer Assessment; fast frequency TMS; motricity; sensibility; chronic patients

Online: 17 April 2018 (08:35:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0059.v1

Olfactory Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain: A Multi-Dimensional Approach Supported by fMRI Insights

Mariaconsiglia Santantonio, Carmela Riso, Simona Gaudino, Alessio Simonetti, Giuseppe Varcasia, Francesco Schimperna, Bruno Sergi, Eugenio De Corso, Marco Rossi, Jacopo Galli, Marco De Spirito, Giuseppe Maulucci, Giulio Cesare Passali

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: olfactory rehabilitation; chronic pain; fMRI

Online: 1 March 2024 (18:18:17 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0293.v1

Potential Pathological Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis

Deepali Mathur, Soumyashree Rout, Bikash Kumar Mishra, Gerardo Lopez Rodas, Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu, Ramesh Kandimalla, Bonaventura Casanova

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Biomarkers; Multiple Sclerosis; diagnostic; disease activity; Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG) diseases

Online: 13 September 2020 (15:49:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0099.v1

Efficacy and Safety of Citalopram Compared to Atypical Antipsychotics on Agitation in patients with BPSD

Haider Qasim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: BPSD; antipsychotics; SSRIs; dementia; agitation

Online: 10 January 2022 (11:19:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0345.v1

Classification of Alzheimer's Disease with and without Imagery Using Gradient Boosted Machines and ResNet-50

Lawrence V. Fulton, Diane Dolezel, Jordan Harrop, Yan Yan, Christopher P. Fulton

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease; Extreme Gradient Boosting; Deep Residual Learning; conolutional neural networks; machine learning; dementia

Online: 31 July 2019 (04:33:43 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0133.v1

Fluid and Tissue Biomarkers of Lewy Body Dementia: Report of an LBDA Symposium

Gregory D. Scott, Moriah R. Arnold, Thomas G. Beach, Christopher H. Gibbons, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy, Russell M. Lebovitz, Afina W. Lemstra, Leslie M. Shaw, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Henrik Zetterberg, Angela S. Taylor, Todd C. Graham, Bradley F. Boeve, Stephen N. Gomperts, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Charbel E.-H. Moussa, Kathleen L. Poston, Liana S. Rosenthal, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Ryan R. Walsh, Miriam T. Weber, Melissa J. Armstrong, Jee A. Bang, Andrea C. Bozoki, Kimiko Domoto-Reilly, John E. Duda, Jori E. Fleisher, Douglas R. Galasko, James E. Galvin, Jennifer G. Goldman, Samantha K. Holden, Lawrence S. Honig, Daniel E. Huddleston, James B. Leverenz, Irene Litvan, Carol A. Manning, Karen S. Marder, Alexander Y. Pantelyat, Victoria S. Pelak, Douglas W. Scharre, Sharon J. Sha, Holly A. Shill, Mari Zoltan, Joseph F. Quinn, David J. Irwin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: cerebrospinal fluid; alpha-synuclein; skin biopsy; seeded aggregation assays; tau, amyloid; Lewy body dementia

Online: 7 September 2021 (16:26:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0165.v1

The Importance and Effectiveness of Carotid Endarterectomy in Ischaemic Stroke or TIA with Significant Carotid Stenosis

Muhammad Shohel Almamun, Mobashshereen Khan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leuco encephalopathy (CADASIL); Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA); Modified Rankin Scale (MRS); Computed Tomography(CT); Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); Diffusion weighted Imaging (DWI); Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room (ROSIER) scale; Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI); Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)

Online: 26 February 2018 (11:46:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0518.v1

Nucleic Acid Liquid Biopsies in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities

Tabea M. Soelter, Jordan H. Whitlock, Avery S. Williams, Andrew A. Hardigan, Brittany N. Lasseigne

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; biomarkers; liquid biopsy; cell-free RNAs; cell-free DNA

Online: 27 August 2021 (11:26:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0128.v1

A Deep Learning Model of Perception in Color-Letter Synesthesia

Joel R. Bock

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: synesthesia; deep learning network; color perception; generative adversarial network; cognitive modeling; character recognition; GPU computing

Online: 19 December 2017 (06:45:50 CET)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0146.v2

Growth Hormone (GH) Administration Increases the Metabolic Activity of the Left Hippocampus in an Elder Patient with Cognitive Disorders

Jesús Devesa, Iria Núñez, Carlos Agra, Alejandro Bejarano, Pablo Devesa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Growth Hormone; cognition; recent memory; PET-SCAN; hippocampus; amygdala; parahippocampus; ApoE genotype.

Online: 5 June 2018 (15:18:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0617.v1

Neuroprotective and Disease Modifying Effects of the Triazinetrione ACD856, a Positive Allosteric Modulator of Trk-Receptors for the Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cristina Parrado-Fernandez, Sanja Juric, Maria Backlund, Märta Dahlström, Nather Madjid, Veronica Lidell, Azita Rasti, Johan Sandin, Gunnar Nordvall, Pontus Forsell

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; nerve growth factor; Alzheimer’ s disease; allosteric modulator; cognitive function; anti-depressant

Online: 8 June 2023 (09:55:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0037.v1

Investigation of Brain Vascular Territories in Stroke Patients Detected Non-Valve Atrial Fibrillation as an Etiological Factor

Mustafa Karaoglan, Serkan Demir

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain vessel; ischemic stroke; non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Online: 3 April 2018 (11:07:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0097.v1

May the 4c’s Be with You: An Overview of Complexity-Inspired Frameworks for Analyzing Resting-State Neuroimaging Data

Fran Hancock, Fernando Rosas, Pedro Mediano, Andrea Luppi, Joana Cabral, Ottavia Dipasquale, Federico Turkheimer

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Complexity; connectivity; computation; criticality; metastability; integrated information

Online: 7 March 2022 (12:28:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1478.v1

Perspectives of People At-Risk on Parkinson's Prevention Research

Jessi L. Keavney, Soania Mathur, Karlin Schroeder, Ray Merr, Sergio A. Castillo-Torres, Virginia Gao, Grace F. Crotty, Michael A. Schwarzschild, John M. Poma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson's Disease; Prevention; Risk; Patient Advocacy; Patient Engagement; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Hyposmia; LRRK2; GBA

Online: 20 December 2023 (10:55:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0248.v1

Task-fMRI Group and Functional Connectivity Analysis of the Brain During Faradarmani Consciousness Field Connection

Mohammad Ali Taheri, Sara Torabi, Noushin Nabavi, Fatemeh Modarresi-Asem, Majid Abbasi Sisara, Ali Rezaei, Parisa Maftoun, Farid Semsarha

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Consciousness Field; functional connectivity; task fMRI

Online: 14 September 2021 (15:54:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0470.v1

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Influenced the Age Onset of Parkinson’s Disease

Nóra Török, Rita Maszlag-Török, Kinga Molnár, Zoltán Szolnoki, Ferenc Somogyvári, Krisztina Boda, Masaru Tanaka, Péter Klivényi, László Vécsei

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: kynurenines; tryptophan; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; single nucleotide polymorphisms; Parkinson’s diseases; neurodegenerative diseases

Online: 20 September 2020 (14:27:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0270.v1

Reasons for Failed trials of Disease-modifying Treatments for Alzheimer Disease and their Contribution in Recent Research

Konstantina G. Yiannopoulou, Aikaterini I. Anastasiou, Venetia Zachariou, SH Pelidou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; clinical trial fails; disease-modifying treatments; alzheimer’s disease biomarkers; combination treatment; clinical trial designs

Online: 24 September 2019 (11:23:25 CEST)

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Despite all scientific efforts and many protracted and expensive clinical trials, no new drug has been approved by FDA for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) since 2003. Indeed, more than 200 investigational programs have failed or have been abandoned in the last decade. The most probable explanations for failures of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for AD may include late initiation of treatments during the course of AD development, inappropriate drug dosages, erroneous selection of treatment targets, and mainly an inadequate understanding of the complex pathophysiology of AD, which may necessitate combination treatments rather than monotherapy. Clinical trials’ methodological issues have also been criticized. Current drug-development research for AD is aimed to overcome these drawbacks. Preclinical and prodromal AD populations, as well as traditionally investigated populations representing all the clinical stages of AD, are included in recent trials. Systematic use of biomarkers in staging preclinical and prodromal AD and of a single primary outcome in trials of prodromal AD are regularly integrated. The application of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration biomarkers, including new biomarkers—such as Tau positron emission tomography, neurofilament light chain (blood and CSF biomarker of axonal degeneration) and neurogranin (CSF biomarker of synaptic functioning)—to clinical trials allows more precise staging of AD. Additionally, use of the Bayesian statistics, modifiable clinical trial designs, and clinical trial simulators enrich the trial methodology. Besides, combination therapy regimens are currently assessed in clinical trials. The abovementioned diagnostic and statistical advances, which have been recently integrated in clinical trials, are consequential to the recent failures of studies of disease-modifying treatments. Their experiential rather than theoretical origins may better equip potentially successful drug-development strategies.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0396.v1

Sirtuins, Mitochondria and the Melatonergic Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease

George Anderson, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; sirtuins; mitochondria; leaky gut; inflammation; neuroimmune

Online: 27 February 2020 (10:52:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0370.v1

CCL11 or Eotaxin-1: An Immune Marker for Ageing and Accelerated Ageing in Neuro-psychiatric Disorders

Mariya Ivanovska, Zakee Abdi, Marianna Murdjeva, Danielle Macedo, Annabel Maes, Michael Maes

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: eotaxin; immune marker; neuroinflammation; ageing; neuro-psychiatric disorder

Online: 30 January 2020 (14:42:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0061.v1

Working Memory Performance under Negative Affect is More Susceptible to Higher Cognitive Workloads with Different Neural Haemodynamic Correlates

Ying Xing Feng, Masashi Kiguchi, Wei Chun Ung, Sarat Chandra Dass, Ahmad Fadzil Mohd Hani, Tong Boon Tang, Eric Tatt Wei Ho

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Working memory performance; workload stress; affective states; functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS); haemodynamic activity; prefrontal cortex (PFC)

Online: 5 May 2021 (13:18:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0139.v1

Contributions of the Left- and the Right-Hemisphere on the Language-Induced Grip Force Modulation of the Left Hand in Unimanual Task

Ronaldo Luis da Silva, Francielly Ferreira Santos, Isabela Maria Gonçalves Mendes, Fátima Aparecida Caromano, Johanne Higgins, Victor Frak

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: grip force modulation; embodied language; left hand; right hemisphere; left hemisphere; unimanual task

Online: 10 July 2019 (07:37:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0210.v1

Common Connectivity Phenotypes in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease: The Search for an Intermediate Phenotype

Craig A. Moodie, Kelvin O. Lim, Bryon A. Mueller, Laura S. Hemmy, Michael J. Howell, Paul J. Tuite

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’s; RBD; connectivity; phenotype; classification; network

Online: 18 December 2018 (03:58:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0198.v1

Sudden Onset, Acute Loss of Taste and Smell in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review

Lakshman SAMARANAYAKE, Kausar Fakhruddin, Chamila Panduwawala

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: loss of taste and smell; dysgeusia; anosmia; chemosensory dysfunction; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

Online: 16 June 2020 (07:46:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0371.v1

Effect of Resveratrol on Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats with Angiotensin II-Induced Early Alzheimer’s Disease

Yu-Te Lin, Yi-Chung Wu, Gwo-Ching Sun, Chiu-Yi Ho, Tzyy-Yue Wong, Ching-Huang Lin, Hsin-Hung Chen, Tung-Chen Yeh, Chia-Jung Li, Ching-Jiunn Tseng, Pei-Wen Cheng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; central nervous system; hypertension; brain-derived neurotrophy factor; NADPH oxidase

Online: 21 August 2018 (06:04:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0317.v1

The Medial Septum as a Potential Target for Treating Brain Disorders Associated with Oscillopathies

Yuichi Takeuchi, Anett Nagy, Lívia Barcsai, Qun Li, Masahiro Ohsawa, Kenji Mizuseki, Antal Berényi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Medial septum; Oscillation; Oscillopathy; Deep brain stimulation; Epilepsy

Online: 14 May 2021 (08:44:10 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0003.v1

A Unique Observation of A Patient With Vulto-Van Silfhout-De Vries Syndrome

Natalia Bodunova, Maria Vorontsova, Igor Khatkov, Elena Baranova, Svetlana Bykova, Daniil Degterev, Maria Litvinova, Airat Bilyalov, Maria Makarova, Olesya Sagaydak, Anastasiia Danichevich

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: VULTO-VAN syndrome; DEAF1; VSVS

Online: 1 July 2022 (04:43:54 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Precision Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with LRRK2 and GBA Risk Variants – Let’s Get Even More Personal

Christian U. von Linstow, Ziv Gan-Or, Patrik Brundin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; precision medicine; personalized medicine; GBA; Glucocerebrosidase; GCase; LRRK2; Leucine-rich repeat kinase-2; Dopamine; PD drug trials; PD risk variants

Online: 14 September 2020 (00:22:59 CEST)

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor deficits and a wide variety of non-motor symptoms. The age of onset, rate of disease progression and the precise profile of motor and non-motor symptoms display considerable individual variation. Neuropathologically, the loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons is a key feature of PD. The vast majority of PD patients exhibit alpha-synuclein aggregates in several brain regions, but there is also great variability in the neuropathology between individuals. While the dopamine replacement therapies can reduce motor symptoms, current therapies do not modify the disease progression. Numerous clinical trials using a wide variety of approaches have failed to achieve disease modification. It has been suggested that the heterogeneity of PD is a major contributing factor to the failure of disease modification trials, and that it is unlikely that a single treatment will be effective in all patients. Precision medicine, using drugs designed to target the pathophysiology in a manner that is specific to each individual with PD, has been suggested as a way forward. PD patients can be stratified according to whether they carry one of the risk variants associated with elevated PD risk. In this review we assess current clinical trials targeting two enzymes, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA), which are encoded by two most common PD risk genes. Because the details of the pathogenic processes coupled to the different LRRK2and GBA risk variants are not fully understood, we ask if these precision medicine-based intervention strategies will prove “precise“ or “personalized“ enough to modify the disease process in PD patients. We also consider at what phases of the disease that such strategies might be effective, in light of the genes being primarily associated with the risk of developing disease in the first place, and less clearly linked to the rate of disease progression. Finally, we critically evaluate the notion that therapies targeting LRRK2 and GBA might be relevant to a wider segment of PD patients, beyond those that actually carry risk variants of these genes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0246.v2

Mathematical Models for Possible Roles of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptors in Autism

Mark Gottlieb

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Oxytocin, Oxytocin Receptor, Autism, Nepsys Scale, MAST Immune System Disease, Dendritic Spines, Magnocellular Neurons, Desensitization, Labor, Down Regulation

Online: 23 April 2019 (11:12:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0070.v1

Inhaled Xenon Washout as a Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease

Francis T. Hane, Tao Li, Jennifer Anne Plata, Ayman Hassan, Karl Granberg, Mitchell S. Albert

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Hyperpolarized gas MRI; xenon; gas retention; Alzheimer’s disease; wash out; vascular

Online: 3 May 2018 (12:02:44 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0312.v1

Tinzaparin vs. Fraxiparin Safety and Efficacy in Neurosurgery

Florian Wilhelmy, Annika Hantsche, Michael Gaier, Johannes Kasper, Michael Karl Fehrenbach, Rene Oesemann, Jürgen Meixensberger, Dirk Lindner

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Tinzaparin; African swine fever; heparin shortage; fraxiparin; neurosurgery; perioperative anticoagulation

Online: 12 April 2021 (14:06:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0365.v1

Neurofluids – Deep Inspiration, Cilia and Preloading of the Astrocytic Network

Hans Ludwig, Steffi Dreha-Kulaczewski, Christoph Bock

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Real-time MR imaging; CSF; cilia sensing; aquaporin; nitric oxide; amyloid-ß; glymphatic system; hydrocephalus

Online: 15 March 2021 (10:36:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0074.v1

Management of Myasthenia Gravis During COVID-19 Pandemic

Xingxing Wu, Jiang Yuan, Md Rezaul Karim, Yun-Fu Wang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: COVID-19; myasthenia gravis; respiratory management

Online: 7 June 2020 (09:28:09 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Hearing Loss and Brain Plasticity: The Hyperexcitability Phenomenon

Björn Herrmann, Blake Butler

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: hearing loss; aging; hyperexcitability; loss of inhibition; neurophysiology; auditory perception; neural plasticity; speech processing

Online: 5 September 2020 (04:54:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0302.v1

Functional Mobility and Basic Motor Skills in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and its Relation to the Anthropometrical Status and Body Composition Parameters

Edyta Matusik, Aldona Augustak, Jacek Durmala

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: multiple sclerosis; physical fitness; body composition; functional mobility; physiotherapy

Online: 27 September 2019 (03:03:10 CEST)

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Background and objectives: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have many potential factors (spasticity, immobilization, glucocorticoids use) which can deteriorate the anthropometrical status and body composition and may have the potential impact on the functional mobility and basic motor skills improvement after physiotherapy. The aim of the study was to assess the functional mobility and basic motor skills in patients with MS and to correlate them with disability and anthropometrical status and body composition parameters. Materials and Methods: Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG), and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed in 36 patients with MS before and after 4 weeks of physiotherapy. Body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (W/HtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed in this group. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and fat mass (FAT), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW) and predicted muscle mass (PMM) were expressed as percentage of body mass. Clinical status was assessed by EDSS and AI scales. Results: After physiotherapy, there was a significant improvement in functional mobility and basic motor skills assessed by total distance in 6MWT (p<0.001) and in TUG trials (p<0.001). Positive significant correlations were found between the results obtained in both tests (either before and after physiotherapy) vs. FFM, TBW and PMM, whilst worse results in functional mobility and basic motor skills correlated significantly with higher WHtR, WHR and FAT (p<0.05). Clinical status (EDSS) were significantly related to the WHtR and body composition parameters with the same manner as the results in the either 6MWT and TUG. However, there were no significant relationships between BMI vs. either clinical status (EDSS, AI) and functional mobility tests results in patients with MS. Conclusions: Functional mobility and basic motor skills may be significantly improved during the physiotherapy, but they are related to the anthropometrical status and body composition of MS patients. Moreover, disability status is also significantly related to this parameters. Body composition deterioration seems to be the important target for the therapeutic intervention in MS patients. For proper nutritional status assessment in patients with MS, body composition analysis or WHtR instead BMI should to be used.

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0669.v1

A case of Miller fisher’s Syndrome Presenting with Dysphagia and Nasal Voice

Leila Tamaoui, Mounia Rahmani, Hajar Touati, leila Errguig, Maria Benabdeljlil, Sadia Aidi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Miller Fisher Syndrome; Guillain Barré Syndrome variant; Dysphonia; Dysphagia

Online: 30 August 2020 (14:41:29 CEST)

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Medicine and Pharmacology