Abstract: Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has emerged as a promising intervention to improve metabolic health and promote healthy aging, yet the cellular mechanisms underlying its effects remain incompletely understood. Here, we applied imaging-based and quantitative cellular analyses to investigate how TRF modulates aging-associated and neurodegeneration-related phenotypes in vitro. Human fibroblasts and AC16 cardiomyocytes were used as models of cellular aging, alongside fibroblast-based models of neurodegeneration. TRF was simulated through cyclic nutrient availability, and cellular responses were evaluated using microscopy-based assessment of cellular morphology, senescence-associated features, metabolic state, and circadian rhythm-associated gene expression dynamics. Imaging analyses demonstrated that TRF modulated key hallmarks of cellular senescence, including changes in cell morphology and intracellular organization, consistent with enhanced cellular resilience and altered metabolic adaptation. In AC16 cardiomyocytes, TRF influenced aging-associated cellular phenotypes, indicating that its effects extend beyond proliferative cell systems to cardiac-relevant models. In neurodegeneration-associated fibroblast models, TRF altered disease-related cellular signatures and stress-associated phenotypes, supporting a potential protective role in neurodegenerative conditions. Quantitative analyses further revealed significant TRF-induced changes in circadian rhythm characteristics across all models, including altered oscillatory amplitude, supporting a mechanistic link between nutrient timing and cellular timekeeping. Together, these findings demonstrate that TRF induces measurable changes in cellular architecture and circadian regulation associated with improved aging- and neurodegeneration-related phenotypes. This work highlights the utility of imaging-based approaches for investigating the spatiotemporal cellular effects of metabolic interventions and supports TRF as a potential therapeutic strategy for age-associated diseases.

Abstract: The southern coast of Java, Indonesia, lies along the active Sunda subduction margin, where coastal landforms record the interaction between sea-level change, wave erosion, sedimentation, and tectonic uplift. Marine terraces and raised coastal surfaces are important geomorphic indicators of vertical deformation, but their interpretation remains difficult where chronological control is limited and where coastal surfaces have been modified by erosion, deposition, karstification, or human activity. This study presents new Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK-GNSS) topographic profiles from four coastal sites: Pantai Ajah, Kalijali, Kulon Progo, and Wingko. The profiles were measured from the beachward side toward the landward side and were used to identify terrace treads, risers, slope breaks, residual topographic highs, and possible raised coastal platforms. These field data are integrated with published information on Holocene sea-level change, marine terraces, coastal uplift, and forearc deformation along the southern Java margin. The RTK profiles show variable terrace morphology between sites. Pantai Ajah preserves a prominent riser and a probable terrace tread at approximately 7–8.5 m elevation. Kalijali records a lower terrace-like surface at approximately 4–5 m, an upper surface at approximately 7–9 m, and a higher local topographic high near 12–13 m. Kulon Progo shows a subdued low-elevation raised coastal surface, while Wingko contains a distinct slope break at approximately 1450–1500 m from the beachward end and a broad landward surface at approximately 5–6.5 m elevation. The profiles suggest two tentative morphostratigraphic terrace groups: a lower group at approximately 4–6.5 m and an upper group at approximately 7–9 m. Higher local peaks, including the 12–13 m high at Kalijali and comparable elevated points at other sites, may represent remnants of older or more strongly uplifted coastal features. One possible interpretation is that some of these higher surfaces originated near the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand, when relative sea level in parts of Indonesia and Sundaland was higher than present, and were subsequently uplifted to different elevations according to local uplift rates. However, this hypothesis requires direct chronological and sedimentological confirmation. The raised terrace ridges and topographic highs may also act as partial natural barriers that reduce tsunami flow penetration inland, although they should not be treated as complete protection. Overall, RTK profiling provides a useful field method for recognizing coastal terrace morphology and identifying priority sites for future dating, tsunami-inundation modelling, and coastal-hazard planning.

Abstract: Paediatric rhinosinusitis (RS), particularly chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), is a common inflammatory condition with a significant impact on quality of life and a well-recognized association with asthma within the framework of united airway disease. This review aims to evaluate the impact of RS on asthma control in children and explore its role as a modifiable determinant. Mechanistically, RS and asthma share key pathophysiological features, including type 2 inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and airway microbiome dysbiosis, supporting the concept of a unified inflammatory process across the respiratory tract. Clinically, epidemiological data demonstrate a high prevalence of coexisting RS and asthma, with consistent associations with poorer asthma control, increased disease severity, and higher exacerbation burden, even in cases of subclinical sinonasal inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that appropriate management of CRS, including medical therapy and, in selected cases, surgical intervention, may improve asthma outcomes such as symptom control and lung function. However, the current evidence base remains limited, with a predominance of small, heterogeneous, and observational studies. RS therefore represents a potentially treatable trait in paediatric asthma, warranting systematic evaluation in children with difficult-to-treat disease. Further prospective and interventional studies are needed to clarify causality and define its impact on long-term outcomes.

Abstract: In the healthcare sector, burnout has become a critical concern due to the combination of high job demands and sustained emotional strain. The present study aims to analyze whether emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between psychosocial risk factors, namely working values conflict and burnout among healthcare professionals. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 205 healthcare professionals. Measurement instruments included the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23) to assess burnout dimensions; the Health and Work Survey (ERPS_INSAT) to evaluate psychosocial risk factors; and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS-P) to assess emotional intelligence. A moderation analysis using the PROCESS macro (model 1) was conducted to examine whether emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between psychosocial risk, working values factor, and burnout among healthcare professionals. The results show that the psychosocial risk-work values dimension was a significant positive predictor of burnout (total scale: B = 0.27, p < 0.001; Exhaustion: B = 0.33, p < 0.001; Mental distance: B = 0.32, p < 0.001; cognitive Impairment: B = 0.14, p < 0.001; emotional Impairment: B = 0.30, p < 0.001), indicating that higher perceived risk was associated with higher burnout symptoms. Emotional intelligence did not significantly predict burnout on its own (total scale: B = 0.07, p > 0.05; Exhaustion: B = 0.09, p > 0.05; Mental Distance: B = 0.11, p > 0.05; Cognitive Impairment: B = 0.11, p > 0.05; Emotional Impairment: B = -0.04, p > 0.05). The interaction term (psychosocial risk: work values × emotional intelligence) was not significant, suggesting that emotional intelligence does not moderate the relationship between working values and burnout. These findings highlight the central role of psychosocial risk factors in the development of burnout among healthcare professionals, but emotional intelligence does not seem to have a protective effect against burnout. Such findings point to the need for organizational interventions that reduce workplace risks and demand a more in-depth analysis of organizational context determinants, with particular attention to the impact of working values conflict as a critical driver of burnout.

Abstract: Using liquid hydrogen (LH₂) in aviation creates a difficult design problem for cryogenic storage systems, especially in the early design stage. At that point, environmental, economic, and technical aspects need to be considered together. Here, a sustainability assessment framework is presented for LH₂ aircraft storage tank configurations from a life-cycle perspective. The study includes 24 design alternatives. These are obtained by changing the material combinations of the main structural components, while the overall tank architecture is kept unchanged. The environmental and economic dimensions are assessed through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC), whereas the technical dimension is represented by system mass. Since the relative importance of the criteria is usually not fixed at this stage, Unweighted TOPSIS (UW-TOPSIS) is first used to examine the alternatives under different weighting scenarios. The most competitive solutions are then re-evaluated by a standardised TOPSIS variant (vector-normalised weights, Z-standardised distances) with objective weighting methods. The results show that the configurations based entirely on Al2219-T8 for the main structural components remain top-ranked and more stable under the examined scenarios, whereas mixed-material configurations are more sensitive to changes in weighting assumptions. In this way, the exploratory stage is kept separate from the later weighting stage, where the weights are computed from the decision matrix of the reduced set. This is suitable for early aerospace design, where subjective preferences are often not yet available.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show that Cantor's absolute infinite Ω can consistently be proven to exist by introducing a consistent class theory NBG_Ω that is sufficiently strong. Gödel's first incompleteness theorem asserts that an axiomatic theory cannot be simultaneously (1) arithmetical, (2) axiomatizable, (3) consistent, (4) complete, and (5) countable. When axiomatizability is generalized to non-countable theories, a self-sufficient theory can be defined as possessing the first four of these five properties. An Ω-expanded theory is a countable theory that is extended with Ω-many omni-independent axioms, where Ω is axiomatized as a class cardinality so large that it cannot be proven to exist as a set cardinality in any Ω-consistent first-order set theory. ZFC_Ω, an Ω-expansion of ZFC, is subsequently shown to be self-sufficient. NBG_Ω, which extends ZFC_Ω to the class level, can then consistently prove the existence of Ω.

Abstract: The increasing demand for higher efficiency and lower emissions in aircraft gas turbines motivates investigation of alternative thermodynamic cycle architectures. This study assesses the performance and NOx emission behavior of a triple-spool, separate-exhaust turbofan engine equipped with an interstage turbine burner (ITB). A baseline engine representative of the RB211 Trent 892 is first modeled and verified against publicly available takeoff reference data. The cycle is then modified by introducing an isobaric secondary combustion process between the high-pressure and intermediate-pressure turbines. The effects of fan pressure ratio, bypass ratio, overall pressure ratio, high-pressure turbine inlet temperature, and ITB exit temperature are examined using two-parameter response-surface sweeps. Main-combustor NOx is estimated using an RQL-type cycle correlation, while the ITB contribution is represented using an engineering source–sink model accounting for new NOx formation and partial reburning of upstream NOx. The baseline model predicts specific thrust, TSFC, and EINOx within ±8% of reference values. At a selected ITB operating point, specific thrust increases by 1.98%, TSFC increases by 9.84%, thermal efficiency decreases by 2.56%, and the adopted engineering source–sink model predicts a 20.03% reduction in fuel-flow-weighted EINOx.

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the impact of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) performed by family physicians on the management of abdominal pain in the emergency department, assessing its effect on length of stay, performance of complementary diagnostic tests, diagnostic concordance, and patient satisfaction. Methods: Quasi-experimental pilot study with a control group conducted in a hospital emergency department. A total of 222 adult patients with abdominal pain were included and allocated according to the attending professional (with or without ultrasound training). Clinical, care-related, and patient-satisfaction variables (SERVPERF questionnaire) were analyzed. Non-parametric statistical tests were used, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: The POCUS group showed a shorter length of stay (3.46 vs. 4.41 hours; p=0.022) and a lower number of plain radiographies (16.8% vs. 69.9%; p<0.001) and CT scans (p=0.034). Diagnostic concordance was significantly higher in the experimental group (99.2% vs. 75.7%; p<0.001). Overall satisfaction with received care was also higher in the intervention group (p<0.001), with significant differences observed across all evaluated dimensions. The multivariate model explained 26.6% of the variability, with patient satisfaction emerging as a positive predictor. Conclusions: POCUS improves the quality of care in emergency departments by reducing length of stay and the use of complementary diagnostic tests while increasing diagnostic accuracy and patient satisfaction. Its implementation can be considered an effective and potentially cost-effective strategy; however, further studies with greater methodological robustness are required to validate the development of standardized composite indexes.

Abstract: Traditional reservoir flood control operations in China have long relied on a fixed Flood Limited Water Level (FLWL), which frequently results in the underutilization of water resources during flood seasons. Dynamic FLWL regulation and joint reservoir operation have emerged as core strategies to optimize floodwater resource utilization while ensuring flood control safety. However, these approaches typically treat the flood control storage capacity of individual reservoirs as fixed constraints, failing to consider the potential for reallocating this capacity within a cascade reservoir system. This study explores the concept of “equivalent utilization of flood control storage capacity” among cascade reservoirs. Focusing on the four major reservoirs (Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, and Xiangjiaba) in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, a methodology for analyzing the equivalent index of their flood control storage capacity is established. The core of this methodology involves a two-round scheduling simulation under various design flood scenarios. The first round of simulation adheres to standard operating rules, while the second round allows upstream reservoirs to retain additional flood volume—with downstream reservoirs correspondingly reducing their outflow—on the premise that downstream safety targets are satisfied. The equivalent index is defined as the ratio of the reduced storage capacity utilized downstream to the additional storage capacity utilized upstream. Nine design flood scenarios (covering three typical years with 1%, 2%, and 5% exceedance probabilities) for flood control in the Sichuan-Chongqing reach were analyzed, with the tightly coupled Wudongde-Baihetan and Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba reservoir pairs treated as two integrated units. The results indicate that the equivalent indices between these two reservoir groups range from 0.96 to 0.999, demonstrating near-perfect functional interchangeability of their flood control storage capacities for the specified research objective. For practical engineering application, a value of 0.96 is recommended as the lower-bound equivalent index. This study provides a methodological framework and specific index to support the dynamic, coordinated, and more efficient utilization of flood control storage capacity in large-scale cascade reservoir systems.

Abstract: Natural lateral particle segregation commonly occurs during the hydraulic deposition of slurry and thickened tailings in surface tailings storage facilities (TSFs), producing spatial heterogeneity in physical, hydrogeotechnical, and mineralogical properties, as well as in the water table. In sulfide-rich tailings, such heterogeneity complicates the design of reclamation cover systems, which are themselves affected by it. This study investigates the impact of physical and rheological properties of hard-rock mine tailings slurries on their segregation under hydrodynamic conditions. It proposes a multiparametric equation for the segregation index (SI) based on Buckingham's π-theorem. For this purpose, six flume experiments were conducted using tailings with initial solids mass concentrations of 63%, 66%, and 69% at slopes of 0.5% and 1%. Results revealed strong exponential correlations (R² > 0.95) between SI and tailings' physical properties (solids concentration, bulk density) as well as rheological parameters (Herschel–Bulkley yield stress and flow index, Cross infinite dynamic viscosity). The SI equation was developed using MATLAB nonlinear least-squares optimization with a trust-region reflective algorithm. Using an SI threshold of 0.05 to define non-segregating behavior, the proposed model can predict segregation tendencies as a function of tailings properties and slope conditions. Further laboratory and field investigations are needed to validate and generalize the criterion.

Abstract: Herein, Diacetylcurcumin (DAC), a derivative of curcumin, was synthesised, and two new polymorphs (monoclinic and triclinic) are reported in addition to the previously known polymorph (P2₁). Solid-state NMR (CP-MAS) and X-ray studies allowed the unambiguous authentication of the elusive polymorph 2 (canoe-shaped, P2₁/n) and the concomitant polymorph 3 (elliptical-shaped, P-1). We demonstrate that morphological crystal analysis under a microscope, in conjunction with ATR-IR, is a rapid and inexpensive technique for exploring the polymorphic landscape of curcuminoids. This discovery highlights the ongoing progress in curcumin derivative research and should inspire fellow chemists and materials scientists to further explore it.

Abstract: This paper assumes that a thermodynamic system can be composed purely of coherence and information, and constructs a working model on that basis. We derive operational parameters for such systems using definitions of the Certainty Equation, semantic entropy, semantic temperature, and formulate five laws and three modes of coherence and information systems. This analysis is then compared to the features of black holes.

Abstract: To address the challenges of unauthorised drone flights in campus low‑altitude security—where traditional detection equipment is costly and ineffective at night—this paper designs a lightweight, all‑weather drone detection and early‑warning system based on a Raspberry Pi edge computing platform and visible/infrared dual‑spectrum fusion. The system uses an IMX219‑77IR infrared camera that automatically switches imaging modes according to ambient brightness, achieving day‑and‑night continuous perception. A YOLOv8n model is compressed to 10 MB via channel pruning and knowledge distillation, reaching an inference speed of 85.2 ms/frame on the Raspberry Pi. A self‑built campus drone dataset of 2,000 images (1,600 open‑source + 400 self‑collected) yields 97.16% precision, 93.79% recall, and 97.27% mAP50. A Flask backend and web map interface provide real‑time alerts by polling every 2 seconds. Total hardware cost is below 1,500 yuan, more than 70% lower than traditional systems. Field tests (5–50 m) show daytime confidence >0.9, nighttime infrared confidence ≈0.88, false negative rate <8%, false positive rate <5%, and stable continuous operation. The project has won a university‑level competition second prize and its software copyright application is under review, demonstrating strong practical value and promotion potential.

Abstract: Background/Objectives: The anticoagulant used for blood collection is a fundamental but underexplored variable in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium citrate act on platelets through distinct calcium chelation mechanisms with potentially different consequences for PRP quality. Our group has previously demonstrated that biological and demographic variables independently modulate platelet composition in PRP; the present study extends this analysis to the pre-analytical anticoagulant variable. No prospective paired clinical study has systematically compared the effects of EDTA and sodium citrate on platelet morphological parameters in a real clinical setting. This study aimed to characterise these differences and evaluate their implications for orthobiologic therapy. Methods: A prospective within-subject paired-sample study was conducted at Instituto Cugat – Quirónsalud Barcelona (November 2025–April 2026). Twenty-six consecutive adult patients undergoing routine blood extraction prior to orthopaedic procedures had blood drawn simultaneously into K₂-EDTA and sodium citrate (3.2%) tubes. Full haematological analysis was performed on a Sysmex XN automated analyser within 30 minutes. Primary outcomes were mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), large platelet ratio (P-LCR), large platelet cell count (P-LCC), and plateletcrit (PCT). Statistical comparisons used the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test; effect sizes were quantified as Cohen's d. Results: Seven of eight platelet-related parameters differed significantly between anticoagulants (all p<0.001). Compared to sodium citrate, EDTA produced systematically higher MPV (+10.1%, d=2.81), P-LCR (+25.8%, d=2.41), P-LCC (+24.3%, d=1.70), PDW (+13.5%, d=1.33), PCT (+7.3%, d=0.78), RDW-CV (+2.0%, d=0.83), and RDW-SD (+2.6%, d=0.80). MPV was higher with EDTA in all 26/26 paired samples without exception. Total platelet count did not differ significantly (p=0.135). Effect sizes for all morphological parameters were large (d≥0.78). Conclusions: EDTA induces large, reproducible, and universal platelet morphological changes consistent with calcium chelation-induced swelling, not genuine platelet hypertrophy. These artefactual changes systematically overestimate platelet size and large platelet indices by up to 26%, with direct implications for PRP quality assessment in orthobiologic medicine. Sodium citrate should remain the anticoagulant of choice for PRP preparation. Clinicians using EDTA must recognise that morphological parameters do not reflect functional platelet capacity.

Abstract: Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) and the related compound commonly referred to as TB-500 are widely discussed in tissue healing and musculoskeletal medicine, but the scope and nature of the supporting literature remain unclear. We conducted a scoping review to map the evidence on TB4 and TB-500 in tissue healing, regeneration, and musculoskeletal repair. PubMed, Europe PMC, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through March 2026. English-language in vitro, animal, human, and registered clinical trial sources directly evaluating TB4, TB-500, or included derivatives in repair-related contexts were eligible. Of 1772 records identified, 80 studies were included. The evidence base was weighted toward mixed and in vitro designs, and most studies evaluated TB4 rather than TB-500. The most common tissue categories were wound/skin/soft tissue, vascular/endothelial, ocular/cornea, and bone. Direct musculoskeletal tissue categories such as tendon, ligament, muscle, cartilage, and spine/intervertebral disc were comparatively sparse. Human evidence was concentrated in ocular/cornea and wound/skin/soft tissue settings, whereas direct TB-500 evidence was limited to a single included study. Overall, the mapped literature supports the popular interest in several repair-related pathways but remains unevenly distributed and largely preclinical, with limited human evidence directly relevant to musculoskeletal applications.

Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly understood as a disorder of integrated immune, endocrine, metabolic, neurovascular and synaptic regulation rather than a disease reducible to a single neurotransmitter deficit. Lipidomic studies have repeatedly identified glycerophospholipid abnormalities in MDD, but their mechanistic meaning remains unresolved because changes in bulk lipid abundance do not explain how a metabolic disturbance becomes a receptor-level neural signal. This review argues that the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-autotaxin (ATX)-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-LPA receptor (LPAR) axis offers a chemically and biologically coherent route for addressing that gap. LPC is not merely a readout of phospholipid remodeling; it is the direct ATX substrate from which receptor-active LPA can be generated. LPA receptors, in turn, regulate neural excitability, synaptic balance, hippocampal plasticity and stress-related behavior. Human studies report lower serum and cerebrospinal-fluid ATX in MDD, lower CSF LPA 22:6 in MDD and schizophrenia, and negative total-LPA findings that caution against biomarker oversimplification. Experimental studies show that ATX/LPA/LPAR perturbation alters hippocampal function, emotional behavior, stress resilience and synaptic physiology. These findings do not establish a completed depression pathway. They support a more specific hypothesis: depression-relevant ATX-LPA biology may be molecular-species resolved, compartment dependent, regionally organized and shaped by local production-inactivation balance. Reproductive endocrine transitions provide a biologically informative setting for testing this hypothesis because mood vulnerability, systemic lipid remodeling and steroid-sensitive regulation of pathway-adjacent nodes converge in the same clinical context. The decisive unresolved issue is spatial and biochemical: no depression-relevant study has yet demonstrated that defined brain-accessible LPC species, catalytically active ATX, locally generated LPA, local LPA inactivation capacity and receptor-specific circuit output coexist within a single mood-relevant CNS microenvironment. Future work should therefore move from fluid-level association toward pathway closure through targeted and spatial lipidomics, anatomical ATX activity mapping, LPA inactivation assays, BBB/interface analysis, LPAR perturbation and matched circuit or behavioral readouts.

Abstract: This study investigates the comparative effects of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes on lung health in male Rattus norvegicus over 8 and 12 weeks. Following ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, 30 rats were divided into six groups to evaluate the impact of nicotine and ascorbic acid aerosols on tracheal and alveolar structures, as well as systemic inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, SOD-3, MDA). Results indicate that long-term cigarette exposure (12 weeks) and nicotine vaping (8 weeks) significantly stunted weight gain, whereas ascorbic acid vaping caused less growth inhibition. Histological analysis revealed that 8-week cigarette exposure (K3) increased tracheal mucosal thickness and antioxidant activity (SOD-3), while cigarette smoke generally decreased goblet cell counts and induced early emphysema. In contrast, long-term exposure significantly elevated IL-6 and caused severe alveolar wall damage. Notably, vaping ascorbic acid (K6) offered protective benefits, preserving the basement membrane and reducing septal thickening compared to nicotine groups. The findings conclude that while short-term smoking triggers immediate tracheal damage, long-term exposure escalates systemic inflammation and permanent alveolar destruction. Phytochemical-based aerosols, such as ascorbic acid, reduce pulmonary injury compared with nicotine-based products.

Abstract: Background: Community-based mental health and social interventions focusing on housing stability, integrated care and psychosocial support are increasingly recognised as essential for improving the mental health and wellbeing of people experiencing homelessness. This review synthesizes how these interventions address mental health and social determinants of health. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search of six electronic databases (2019–2025) was conducted (PROSPERO: CRD420250653260). The review included 29 quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies examining community-based interventions for people experiencing homelessness and mental health conditions. Results: Community-based interventions, particularly Housing First models, were consistently associated with improved housing stability, mental health outcomes, and programme retention. Integrated multidisciplinary services and outreach promote psychosocial wellbeing, continuity of care and reducing emergency service use. Peer-led programs support social integration, although evidence for technology-based tools remains mixed. Conclusions: Addressing social determinants of health through structured community-based interventions is essential to tackle mental health inequalities. The findings highlight the importance of multidisciplinary and mental health nursing approaches that support continuity of care, psychosocial wellbeing, and social inclusion within vulnerable populations.

Abstract: 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is a persistent organic pollutant detected in coastal environments. The effects of BDE-47 on mangrove plants at the molecular and histological levels remain elusive. In this study, seedlings of the man-grove species Avicennia marina were exposed to BDE-47 at concentrations of 0, 1 and 10 ng L-1 for 20 days under hydroponic conditions. Leaf growth parameters, anatomical structures, and transcriptomic profiles were examined. At 1 ng L-1 BDE-47, no signif-icant changes were observed in leaf growth or vascular tissue morphology. However, transcriptome analysis showed significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway, indicating that A. marina initiates early stress perception via enhanced stress perception and signal transduction, trigger adaptive defense responses to low-level BDE-47 exposure, and circumvent growth inhibition. At 10 ng L-1 BDE-47, leaf area, width, length, and fresh weight were all reduced. In addi-tion, histological examination revealed vascular bundle sheath atrophy, impaired xy-lem and phloem development, reduced parenchyma cell diameter, and a decreased proportion of intercellular space. Transcriptomic analysis at 10 ng L^-1 exposure identi-fied significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the circadian rhythm and spliceosome pathways, indicating that the pollutant's toxicity has progressed from local metabolic disruption to perturbation of the plant's core regulatory network. Overall, our findings reveal distinct response patterns of A. marina leaves to BDE-47 exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations, initially elucidate the adaptive defense mechanism and underlying molecular basis of toxic effects in mangrove plants under low-concentration BDE-47 exposure, and provide critical scientific support for the ecological risk assessment and conservation of coastal mangrove wetlands.

Abstract: The study of the so-called Π-manifolds has continued. This is a short name for almost paracontact almost paracomplex manifolds with a pair of metrics — Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian — that are mutually related and compatible with the structure of the manifold. The well-known classification of these manifolds with respect to the Riemannian metric has been used to derive an alternative classification of the same manifolds with respect to the pseudo-Riemannian metric. The interrelations between the two classifications and the corresponding classification tensors are investigated. Finally, a three-dimensional explicit example on a Lie group is given, which illustrates the most interesting case of the transition from one classification to the other.