Decision-Making on the Equalization of Urban Electric Vehicle Charging Service Layout Based on the Spatial Supply and Demand Equilibrium Principle – A Case Study of the Main Urban Area in Wuhan

This study aims to develop decision-making methods for equalizing urban electric vehicle (EV) charging services and apply them to the improvement of Wuhan’s charging infrastructure. Using grid units as the basic analytical units, the study constructs measurement models for two scenarios—daily commuting and weekend travel—including a spatial demand index based on classified population-distribution prediction, a spatial supply index derived from regional charging-facility statistics, and a supply–demand balance index. Grading systems are established for single-scenario demand, layout thresholds, and supply, together with an integrated classification combining both scenarios. According to the suitability of grid units for service improvement, three optimization strategies are proposed: adding charging stations, expanding existing stations, and converting parking lots. Evaluation methods using residential quarters and commercial/service POIs are designed to assess spatial equilibrium pre- and post-optimization. An empirical study of Wuhan’s main urban area shows that service satisfaction reaches 88.68% for residential quarters and 75.93% for commercial/service POIs under current conditions. The proposed scheme recommends 8 new stations, 31 station expansions, and 114 parking-lot conversions, increasing satisfaction to 99.24% and 92.35%, respectively. The model provides a feasible technical framework for urban EV charging-station planning.