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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1132.v1

Dry and Wet Spells in Poland in the Period 1966–2023

Joanna Wibig

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: dry day; wet day; precipitation; interannual variability; trend; atmospheric circulation

Online: 17 April 2024 (11:52:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1109.v1

Impact of Cumulus Options from WRF-Chem in Atmospheric Modeling in the Andean Region of Southern Ecuador

Rene Parra

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Cuenca; convective parameterization; cumulus convective; rainfall

Online: 17 April 2024 (07:53:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1052.v4

Innovative Cloud Quantification: Deep Learning Classification and Finite Sector Clustering for Ground-Based All Sky Imaging

Jingxuan Luo, Yubing Pan, Debin Su, Jinhua Zhong, Lingxiao Wu, Wei Zhao, Xiaoru Hu, Zhengchao Qi, Daren Lu, Yinan Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: cloud quantification; deep neural networks; adaptive segmentation; finite element clustering; whole sky image

Online: 16 April 2024 (02:39:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0681.v1

The Variation in the Thermal Low-Pressure Location Index over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and Its Relationship with Summer

Xie qing Xia, Mingfei Zhou, Yulei Zhu, Hongzhong Tang, Jing Yang, Qingbing Pang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; thermal low pressure; the location indexes; precipitation

Online: 9 April 2024 (14:29:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0477.v1

Case Studies of the Impact of Sea Temperature and Salinity on the Strength of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific and the South China Sea

P.W. Chan, C.C. Lam, T.W. Hui, Z.G. Gao, H.L. Fu, C.J. Sun, H. Su

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tropical cyclone; sea surface temperature; salinity; intensification

Online: 8 April 2024 (16:41:06 CEST)

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With increasing air and sea temperatures, the thermodynamic environments over the oceans become more favourable for the development of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) with rapid intensification (RI). In fact, the number of TCs undergoing RI is rising (Zhao, et al., 2018; Bhatia, et al., 2019; Song, et al., 2020; Hong & Wu, 2021; Liu, et al., 2022). RI over coastal sea areas before landfalling is particularly impactful and threatening to coastal lives and properties. There have been studies showing that offshore areas within 400 km of the coastline have experienced a significant increase in RI events with the count tripling from 1980 to 2020 (Li et al., 2023). The south China coastal region consists of highly densely populated cities especially the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Intense TCs maintaining its strength or RI of TCs close to the coastal region presents substantial forecasting challenges. This study investigates the effect of sea surface and subsurface temperature and salinity on the intensification of five TCs, namely Super Typhoons Hato in 2017 and Mangkhut in 2018, Typhoon Talim, Super Typhoon Saola and Severe Typhoon Koinu in 2023, which significantly affected the south China coastal region and triggered high TC warning signals in Hong Kong. The analysis utilized the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) TC track and intensity data, along with the sea temperature and salinity profiles generated using the China Ocean ReAnalysis version 2 (CORA2) of the National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS) of China. While high sea surface temperature (SST) of 30°C or above, low surface sea surface salinity (SSS) of 34 psu or below, and strong salinity stratification of at least 0.8 psu per 100 m depth may offer useful hints for predicting RI, they are part of a broader set of contributing factors. This study represents the initial documentation of sub-surface salinity's impact on intense TCs over the South China Sea (SCS) in recent years and will encourage further research to refine forecasting RI of TCs before making landfall near PRD taking into account the effect of freshwater from the Pearl River.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0500.v1

Identification of Convection as a Source for the Gravity Waves Observed in the Upper Mesosphere during Indo-French Campaign on Coupling of Lower and Middle Atmospheres

M. Pramitha, M. Venkat Ratnam, Alok Taori

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Gravity waves; GROGRAT model; ray tracing; convection; airglow ;

Online: 8 April 2024 (05:06:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0431.v1

Twenty-Year Climatology of Solar UV and PAR in Cyprus: Integrating Satellite Earth Observations with Radiative Transfer Modeling

Konstantinos Fragkos, Ilias Fountoulakis, Georgia Charalampous, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Argyro Nisantzi, Diofantos Gl. Hadjimitsis, Stelios Kazadzis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Ultraviolet Radiation; Erythema; UV-Index; Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Online: 5 April 2024 (10:44:07 CEST)

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In this study, we present comprehensive climatologies of effective ultraviolet (UV) quantities and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) over Cyprus for the period 2004 to 2023, leveraging the synergy of earth observation (EO) data and radiative transfer model simulations. The EO dataset, encompassing satellite and re-analysis data for aerosols, total ozone column, and water vapor, alongside cloud modification factors, to capture the nuanced dynamics of Cyprus's atmospheric conditions. With a temporal resolution of 15 minutes and a spatial of 0.05°x0.05°, these climatologies undergo rigorous validation against established satellite datasets and are further evaluated through comparisons with ground-based global horizontal irradiance measurements provided by the Meteorological Office of Cyprus. This dual-method validation approach not only underscores the models' accuracy but also highlights their proficiency in capturing intra-daily cloud coverage variations. Our analysis extends to investigating the long-term trends of these solar radiation quantities, examining their interplay with changes in cloud attenuation, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and total ozone column (TOC). Significant decreasing trends in the noon ultraviolet index (UVI), of -2 to -4% per decade have been found in Autumn, especially marked on the island’s Northeastern part, mainly originating from the (significant) positive trends in TOC. The significant decreasing trends in TOC, of -2 to -3% per decade that were found in Spring do not result in correspondingly significant positive trends in the noon UVI since variations in cloudiness and aerosols also have a strong impact on the UVI in this season. The seasonal trends in the Daylight Integral (DLI) were generally not significant. These insights provide a valuable foundation for further studies aimed at developing public health strategies and enhancing agricultural productivity, highlighting the critical importance of accurate and high-resolution climatological data.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0377.v1

The Role of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings on the Development of Ionospheric Storms

Galina Gordiyenko, Artur Yakovets, Yuriy Litvinov, Alexey Andreev

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar flares; geomagnetic storms; ionospheric disturbances; sudden stratospheric warming; law atmosphere-upper ionosphere coupling

Online: 4 April 2024 (13:25:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0252.v1

Trends in Air and Water Temperatures at the Confluence of the Sava and Danube Rivers in Belgrade, Serbia

Ognjen Bonacci, Ana Žaknić-Ćatović, Tanja Roje-Bonacci, Stevan Prohaska, Duje Bonacci, Samir Ćatović

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: air temperature; water temperature; time series; trend analysis; climate change; Sava River; Danube River; confluence; Belgrade; Serbia

Online: 3 April 2024 (11:06:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1052.v3

Innovative Cloud Quantification: Deep Learning Classification and Finite Sector Clustering for Ground-Based All Sky Imaging

Jingxuan Luo, Yubing Pan, Debin Su, Jinhua Zhong, Lingxiao Wu, Wei Zhao, Xiaoru Hu, Zhengchao Qi, Daren Lu, Yinan Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: cloud quantification; deep neural networks; adaptive segmentation; finite element clustering; whole sky image

Online: 3 April 2024 (08:30:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0169.v1

Visualising Daily PM10 Pollution in an Open-Cut Mining Valley of New South Wales, Australia - Part II: Classification of Synoptic Circulation Types and Local Meteorological Patterns and Their Relation to Elevated Air Pollution in Spring and Summer

Ningbo Jiang, Matthew Riley, Merched Azzi, Giovanni Di Virgilio, Hiep Nguyen Duc, Praveen Puppala

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: PM10 pollution; local meteorological pattern; synoptic circulation type; self-organising map (SOM); air pollution conduciveness; data clustering; data visualisation; open-cut mining valley

Online: 2 April 2024 (07:42:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1636.v1

Estimation of Top-of-Atmosphere Longwave Cloud Radiative Forcing Using FengYun-4A Geostationary Satellite Data

Ri Xu, Jun Zhao, Shanhu Bao, Huazhe Shang, Fangling Bao, Lesi Wei

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: satellite remote sensing; top-of-atmosphere; FengYun-4A; outgoing longwave radiation; clear-sky; cloud radiative forcing

Online: 27 March 2024 (16:14:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1650.v1

Modeling of Yield of Irrigated and Rainfed Bean, Based on Essential Climatic Variables, in the Center and South from Sinaloa State, Mexico

Omar Llanes Cárdenas, Rosa Delia Estrella Gastélum, Román E. Parra Galaviz, Oscar Gerardo Gutiérrez Ruacho, Jeován A. Ávila Díaz, Enrique Troyo Diéguez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: significantly different from zero; multiple linear regressions; sustainable foods; the breadbasket of Mexico

Online: 27 March 2024 (08:14:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1645.v1

Evidence for Hemispheric-Scale Bicentennial Periodicity in Northern Hemisphere Temperature

Maxim Ogurtsov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: paleoclimatology; climatic variability; dendrochronology

Online: 27 March 2024 (03:16:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1566.v1

Applying Machine Learning in Numerical Weather and Climate Modeling Systems

Vladimir Krasnopolsky

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: machine learning; numerical weather modeling; numerical climate modeling; post-processing; neural networks; deep learning

Online: 26 March 2024 (11:23:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1540.v1

Evaluation of a High Resolution WRF Model for Southeast Brazilian Coast: The Importance of Physical Parameterization to Wind Representation

Layrson Gonçalves, Júlia Kaiser, Ronaldo Palmeira, Marcos Gallo, Carlos Eduardo Parente

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: WRF model; Wind simulation; Parameterizations

Online: 26 March 2024 (07:27:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1321.v1

Research on MODIS Satellite Three-Dimensional Cloud Structure Retrieval and Fusion Technology

Yu Qin, Yubao Liu, Fengxian Wang, Hang Fan, Yongbo Zhou, Jing Duan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: 3D cloud fields; cloud retrieval; Deep learning; CloudSat; MODIS; CGAN

Online: 21 March 2024 (15:18:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1206.v1

Optical properties and possible origins of atmospheric aerosols over LHAASO in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau

Junji Xia, Fengrong Zhu, Xingbing Zhao, Jing Liu, Hu Liu, Guotao Yuan, Qinning Sun, Lei Xie, Min Jin, Long Chen, Yang Wang, Yu Liu, Tengfei Song

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD); sun photometer; aerosol optical properties; aerosol potential origin )

Online: 20 March 2024 (11:03:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1179.v1

Data Driven Prediction of Severe Convection at DWD. An Overview of Recent Developments

Richard Müller, Axel Barleben

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: thunderstorms; cumulonimbus; convection; nowcasting; lightning

Online: 20 March 2024 (10:24:18 CET)

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Thunderstorms endager life and infrastructure. Accurate and precise prediction of thunderstorms are therefore helpful to enable protections measures and to reduce the risks. This manuscript presents the latest developments to improve thunderstorm forecasting in the first few hours. This includes the description and discussion of a new Julia-based method (JuliaTSnos) for the temporal extrapolation of thunderstorms and the blending of this method with the numerical weather prediction model (NWP) ICON. The combination of ICON and JuliaTSnow attempts to overcome the limitations associated with the pure extrapolation of observations wit Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) and thus increase the prediction horizon. For the blending the operational ICON-D2 is used, but also the experimental ICON-RUC, which is performed with a higher data assimilation update cycle. The blended products are evaluated against lightning data. The Critical Success Index (CSI) for the blended RUC product is higher for all forecast time steps. This is mainly due to higher resolution of the AMVs (prediction hours 0-2) and the rapid update cycle of ICON-RUC (prediction hours 2-6). The results demonstrate the potential of the rapid update cycle to improve the short term forecasts of thunderstorms. Also the transition between AMV driven nowcasting to NWP is much smoother in the blended RUC product, which points to the advantages of fast data assimilation for seamless predictions. The CSI is well above the critical value of 0.5 for the 0-2 hour forecasts. However, also with RUC the CSI drops below 0.5 as soon as the last forecast is more than 3 hours away from the last data assimilation, indicating the lack of the model physics to accurately predict thunderstorms. This lack is simply a result of chaos theory. Within this scope the role of NWP in comparison with Artificial Intelligence (AI) is discussed and it is concluded that AI could replace physical short term forecasts in the near future.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0172.v2

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: A Fresh Look at Exchange Flux, Isotopic Carbon, Fossil Fuel Emissions and Residence Time

Stephen Taylor

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CO2 residence-time; CO2 lifetime; Anthropogenic Emissions; Revelle Factor; Exchange Flux; Bomb Pulse; Carbon Cycle; Airborne Fraction

Online: 19 March 2024 (17:16:13 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1113.v1

Observation, Analysis and Numerical Simulation of a Low-Level Windshear Case at Beijing Daxing International Airport

P.W. Chan, K.K. Lai, C.K. Pan, Xi Zhang, Hao Huang, Qiang Fu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: numerical simulation; windshear; Daxing International Airport

Online: 19 March 2024 (11:29:27 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0854.v1

A Proposal of Geoengineering Method as Global Warming Countermeasure： Stratospheric O3 Increase to Reduce Earth＇s Surface Temperature

Takashi Ohmori

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: geoengineering; global warming countermeasure; stratospheric O3

Online: 14 March 2024 (11:54:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0816.v1

The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Growing Degree Days (GDD) Agroclimatic Index for the Viticulture over the Northern Mediterranean Basin

Ioannis Charalampopoulos, Iliana Polychroni, Fotoula Droulia, Panagiotis T. Nastos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Climate change; agroclimate; agroclimatic indices; viticulture; viticultural zoning

Online: 14 March 2024 (09:31:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0697.v1

Judging Rainfall Intensity From Inter-tip Times: Comparing ‘Straight-Through’ and Syphon-Equipped Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge Performance

David Dunkerley

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tipping-bucket gauge; rainfall intensity; straight-through gauge; syphon-equipped gauge; inter-tip time

Online: 14 March 2024 (05:56:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0757.v1

Direct and Indirect Effects of Mountain Heights on Heavy Rainfall in the Hokitika Region of New Zealand

Yang Yang, Ian Boutle, Stuart Moore, Trevor Keith Carey-Smith, John Crouch

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Heavy rainfall; orographic lifting; mountain blocking; cold front; sub-grid mountain height; dual-polarisation radar; Southern Alps

Online: 13 March 2024 (07:28:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1052.v2

Innovative Cloud Quantification: Deep Learning Classification and Finite Sector Clustering for Ground-Based All Sky Imaging

Jingxuan Luo, Yubing Pan, Debin Su, Jinhua Zhong, Lingxiao Wu, Wei Zhao, Xiaoru Hu, Zhengchao Qi, Daren Lu, Yinan Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: cloud quantification; deep neural networks; adaptive segmentation; finite element clustering; whole sky image

Online: 8 March 2024 (04:08:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0384.v2

Modeling Volcanic Ash and Analysis of the SO2 Plume Emitted from the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcanic Eruption

Hosni Snoun, Abderrazak Arif, Hatem Chérif

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano; WRF-Chem; Aerosol radiative feedback effect;

Online: 5 March 2024 (15:03:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1641.v1

Assessment of the Coupled WRF-Hydro Model on Streamflow Simulations over the Source Region of the Yellow River

Yaling Chen, Jun Wen, Xianhong Meng, Qiang Zhang, Xiaoyue Li, Ge Zhang, Run Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: the Source Region of the Yellow River; WRF-Hydro; the atmosphere-land-hydrology coupling processes; streamflow

Online: 28 February 2024 (13:50:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1513.v1

Agricultural Disaster Prevention System: A Review of the Strategies in Taiwan

Ming-Hwi Yao, Yung-Heng Hsu, Ting-Yi Li, Yung-Ming Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: weather forecast; early warning system; disaster prevention; crop; information and communication technology (ICT)

Online: 27 February 2024 (10:29:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1391.v1

Climate change may threaten the production of Bettelmatt cheese: environmental and regulatory challenges

Rossana Pennazio, Alessia Ruga, Enrico Ferrero

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Ossola products; Climate change; Bettelmatt cheese.

Online: 23 February 2024 (17:36:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1207.v1

How the Choice of the Starting Time of the Observation Day May Affect Daily Precipitation Amounts and Extremes: Problem Analysis and Adjustment Methods

Francesca Becherini, Claudio Stefanini, Antonio Della Valle, Francesco Rech, Fabio Zecchini, Dario Camuffo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: daily precipitation; time of observation; time series; aggregation method; adjustment method; hourly dataset; daily extremes

Online: 22 February 2024 (01:19:32 CET)

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The study of precipitation amount at different time scales constitutes an important issue in climate research and risk assessment. When dealing with daily totals, a frequent but sometimes underestimated problem is at what time the observation day begins. The choice of different starting times may lead to incompatibility between stations and incorrect identification of extreme events. In this work, the problem of temporal misalignment between precipitation datasets characterized by different starting time of the observation day is analyzed. The most widely used adjustment methods (1day and uniform shift) and two methods based on reanalysis (NOAA and ERA5) are evaluated in terms of temporal alignment, precipitation statistics and percentile distributions. As test series, the precipitation amount collected from 9 a.m. local time (09 LT) on the previous day to 09 LT on the target day (9-9 datasets) of the Padua and nearby stations in the period 1993-2022 have been selected. Results show that the reanalysis-based methods, in particular ERA5, outperform the others in temporal alignment, regardless the station. But, for the periods in which reanalysis data are not available, “1day” method, which shifts the daily amount back one calendar day, and “unif” method, which distributes uniformly the daily total from a 2-day moving window surrounding the target date, can be considered valid alternatives. On the other side, concerning the precipitation statistics, the reanalysis-based methods are not the best option, as they increase the precipitation frequency and reduce the mean value over wet days, NOAA much more than ERA5. Nevertheless, the uniform method provides a larger deviation from the original daily series. The use of the series of a station nearby the target one, which is mandatory in case of missing data, gives similar or better results than applying any adjustment method to the 9-9 series. General conclusions can hardly be drawn as they depend on the method and station. For the Padua dataset, the analysis was repeated at monthly and seasonal resolution. In general, the adjustment series show the most relevant changes in the precipitation statistics in summer and less temporal alignment with the original series in summer and autumn, the two seasons mainly affected by heavy rains in Padua. Finally, the percentiles distribution, analyzed for all the methods and stations, indicates that any adjustment method underestimates the percentile values, except ERA5. Only Legnaro, the station most correlated with Padua, gives results like ERA5.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1005.v1

Study on the Projection of Potential Evapotranspiration Trend in Yangtze River Delta and the Uncertainty

Lu Ding, Yi Yu, Shaobo Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: potential evapotranspiration; temperature; projection; uncertainty; robustness

Online: 19 February 2024 (07:55:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0644.v1

Visualizing Changes in Global Glacier Surface Mass Balance around 1990

Roger James Braithwaite, Philip D Hughes

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: glaciers; mass balance; summer temperature; annual balance; winter balance; summer balance; climate; climate change; doublemass curve

Online: 13 February 2024 (08:11:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0432.v1

Performance of High-Resolution WRF Modeling System in Simulation of Severe Tropical Cyclones over the Bay of Bengal Using IMDAA Regional Reanalysis Dataset

Thatiparthi Koteshwaramma, Kuvar Satya Singh, Sridhara Nayak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: IMDAA; ESCS; WRF; bay of bengal; reanalysis

Online: 7 February 2024 (13:14:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0384.v1

Modeling Volcanic Ash Dispersion from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption Using WRF-Chem and Meteorological FASDAS Data Assimilation

Hosni Snoun, Mohammad Al Harbi, Amirhossein Nikfal, Abderrazak Arif, William Hatheway, Meznah A. Alamro, Alaeddine Mihoub, Moez Krichen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’ apai volcano; WRF-Chem; FASDAS; data assimilation;

Online: 6 February 2024 (17:12:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0330.v1

A Comparative Investigation on the Characteristics of Nocturnal Ozone Enhancement Events and Their Effects on Ground-level Ozone and PM2.5 in the Central City of the Yellow River Delta, China, in 2022 and 2023

Cong An, Yongxin Yan, Xiaoshuai Gao, Xiaoyu Yan, Yuanyuan Ji, Fanyi Shang, Jidong Li, Luyao Tan, Rui Gao, Fang Bi, Hong Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: nocturnal ozone(O3); PM2.5; effect; secondary pollution; the Yellow River Delta

Online: 6 February 2024 (07:14:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2191.v1

Analysis of PAHs and PCBs in Fogwater at Urban, Suburban, and Rural Sites in North East France

Dani Khoury, Maurice Millet, Yasmine Jabali, Olivier Delhomme

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Strasbourg metropolitan; persistent organic pollutants; diagnostic ratio

Online: 31 January 2024 (13:01:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1553.v1

Research on the Terrain Characteristics of Changbai Mountain and Its Impact on Precipitation and Wind Distribution

Li Liang, Wanxiu Ai, Xiaodan Yang, Luqiang Zhao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Changbai Mountain; two-dimensional discrete cosine transform; terrain spectra; wind spectra; precipitation spectra; additive synthesis; the dominant wavelength

Online: 22 January 2024 (05:48:35 CET)

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The terrain of Changbai Mountain has great influence on the distribution of atmospheric flows and the occurrence and development of precipitation. This study quantitatively analyzes the regional characteristic of topographic perturbations and the relationship between terrain, wind and precipitation in Changbai Mountain region, by using a spectral analysis of the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform. Three domains with relatively heavy summer precipitation are selected as the study region. The results indicate that the overall terrain of Changbai Mountain region exhibits anisotropic characteristics. The terrain spectra of domain B are less than those of domain A and C across the whole wavelength (λ) bands, indicating that the large-scale topographic perturbations of domain B are relatively weak. The largest topographic spectral peak of domain C shows the most pronounced undulation of terrain among the three domains. The dominant wavelengths of terrain height variance for domain A and C, both close to the respective maximum wavelengths, indicate more prominent large-scale topographic perturbations. For domain A, the variation of the precipitation spectra is consistent with that of the wind spectra at the wavelength bands of λ < 390 km, showing a high correlation between wind field and the occurrence of rainfall. The inverse relationship at larger wavelengths indicates that multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of rainfall. For domain B, there is consistency in the fluctuations of terrain spectra, precipitation spectra, and wind spectra at the wavelength bands of λ < 278.3 km, implying that the smaller-scale terrain has an important effect on the occurrence of summer precipitation. For domain C, the variations of terrain spectra, precipitation spectra, and wind spectra are almost consistent across the whole wavelength bands, indicating that the large-scale terrain and minor terrain both play a crucial role in atmospheric uplift and the occurrence and development of summer rainfall.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1409.v1

PM2.5 Potential Indoor Exposures and Outdoor Concentrations Related to Smoking Prevalence by Zip Code in Three West Coast States

Lance Wallace

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: environmental justice; low-cost monitors; tobacco smoking; fine particles

Online: 18 January 2024 (11:35:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1281.v1

Probabilistic Forecasting of Lightning Strikes over Continental US and Alaska: Model Development and Verification

Ned Nikolov, Phillip Bothwell, John Snook

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: lightning; model; logistic regression; forecast; prediction; wildfire; probability

Online: 17 January 2024 (08:38:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1076.v1

Comparison of Cold Pool Characteristics of Two Distinct Gust Fronts over Bohai Sea Bay in China

Changyi Xu, Xian Xiao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Gust fronts (GFs); Cold pool; Vertical wind shear; Meso-γ-scale vortices (MVs); VDRAS

Online: 15 January 2024 (04:34:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0900.v1

The Importance and Scientific Value of Long Weather and Climate Records; Examples of Historical Marine Data Efforts across the Globe

Jürg Luterbacher, Rob Allan, Clive Wilkinson, Ed Hawkins, Praveen Teleti, Andrew Lorrey, Stefan Brönnimann, Peer Hechler, Kondylia Velikou, Elena Xoplaki

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: historical marine data; data rescue and digitisation efforts; early meteorological and climatological observations; earth climate system; reanalysis

Online: 11 January 2024 (09:53:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0873.v1

Assessing Drought Vulnerability in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Using High Frequency Data

Mahelvson Bazilio Chaves, Fábio Farias Pereira, Claudia Marina Rivera, Nathacha Cavalcante

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Brazilian Atlantic forest; drought exposure; dryness

Online: 11 January 2024 (07:46:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0828.v1

Gravity Wave Activities in the Low-Latitude Middle Atmosphere Studied with lidar in China

Shaohua Gong, Yuhao Zhang, Guotao Yang, Jiyao Xu, Faquan Li, Jing Jiao, Yuchang Xun, Siqi Lv, Jun Liu, Siqi Lv, Xinying Zheng, Yuyang Yin, Xin Lin, Xuewu Cheng

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: lidar; atmospheric gravity wave; the low-latitude middle atmosphere

Online: 11 January 2024 (02:59:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0756.v1

Experimental Characterization of Propeller Induced Flow (PIF) below a Multi-Rotor UAV

Alexander A. Flem, Mauro Ghirardelli, Stephan T. Kral, Etienne Cheynet, Tor Olav Kristensen, Joachim Reuder

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: UAS; UAV; drone; multi-rotor RPAS; propeller induced flow; sensor placement; sonic anemometer

Online: 10 January 2024 (05:43:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0746.v1

Characterizing the 2019-2021 Drought in Southern and Southeastern Brazil Using S-TRACK Method

Osmar Toledo Bonfim, Vanessa Ferreira, Rafael Maroneze, Roilan Hernández Valdes, Luca Mortarini

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Precipitation Deficit; Drought indexes; Spatial tracks; South America.

Online: 9 January 2024 (15:17:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0607.v1

Integrating Multimodal Ensemble and Spatiotemporal Analysis for Enhanced Climate Modelling in Nigeria

David Ayodeji Olasehinde, Kamoru A Adeniran, Akinwale T. T. Ogunrinde

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; multimodal ensemble; Mann-Kendall; Nigeria

Online: 8 January 2024 (09:19:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0490.v1

Review: Fractal Geometry in Precipitation

Robert Monjo, Oliver Meseguer-Ruiz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Precipitation; fractal; monofractal; time scaling; Hurst exponent

Online: 5 January 2024 (11:27:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0198.v1

Climate Change and Dew and Rain Evolution in Semi-arid South-Western Madagascar between 1991 and 2033 (Extrapolated)

Adriana Rasoafaniry, Marc Muselli, Daniel Beysens

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: dew water; rain water; dew rain correlations; climate change; Madagascar

Online: 4 January 2024 (03:28:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0073.v1

Analyzing Extreme Winds over Turkey and Their Relationships with Synoptic Patterns Using Cluster Analysis

Umut Gül Başar Görgün, Şükran Sibel Menteş

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: extreme wind; NEWA; cluster analysis; synoptic patterns, SOM

Online: 3 January 2024 (02:14:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0050.v1

Numerical Modeling of Atmospheric Temperature and Stratospheric Ozone Sensitivity to Sea Surface Temperature Variability

Sergei Smyshlyaev, Andrew R. Jakovlev, Vener Ya. Galin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: sea surface temperature (SST); El-Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO); long-term variability; numerical simulation; reanalysis data; stratospheric ozone; stratosphere polar vortex (SPV); residual circulation; wave activity

Online: 2 January 2024 (07:57:50 CET)

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The results of numerical experiments with the chemistry-climate model of the Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Russian State Hydro-Meteorological University (INM-RSHU CCM) in comparison with the MERRA2 reanalysis data are presented. To assess the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) on stratospheric processes and the ozone layer, numerical experiments were carried out for scenarios corresponding to the El Niño and La Niña Southern Oscillation phases. It is shown that the El Niño phase contributes to the enhancement of heat and mass transfer to the polar stratosphere, which strengthen the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the flux of wave activity that affect the zonal wind. As a result, during El Niño, the probability of sudden stratospheric warming increases and the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) weakens, re-sulting in an increase in total polar stratospheric ozone. The La Niña phase, on the contrary, is accompanied by a weakening of heat and mass transfer from the troposphere to the stratosphere, as a result of which the stratospheric polar vortex strengthens and the total column ozone decreases. It is shown that the effect associated with the Southern Oscillation is more pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. Numerical experiments were also carried out for scenarios in which the sea surface temperature was set corresponding to the early 1980s, and the results were compared with calculations in which the SST was set corresponding to the late 2010s. This allowed us to assess the influence of the multiyear trend in the SST increase on stra-tospheric processes and the ozone layer. It was shown that the SST increase is most pronounced in the Arctic, which corresponds to the phenomenon of "Arctic amplification", and therefore, the heat and mass transfer to the stratosphere increases in the Northern Hemisphere, which contributes to some weakening of the SPV and increase of the total column ozone. But, compared to the Southern Oscillation, the influence of the SST trend on the SPV and total column ozone is much weaker and is observed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2040.v1

The Application Research of FCN Algorithm in the Classification of Strong Convective Short-time Nowcasting Technology on the Northeastern Side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—Gansu Province

Wubin Huang, Jing Fu, Xinxin Feng, Runxia Guo, Junxia Zhang, Yu Lei

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Severe convective weather classification; FCN algorithm; Short-term nowcasting; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; Gansu

Online: 27 December 2023 (10:08:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0356.v2

MSCliGAN—A Structure-informed Generative Adversarial Model for Multi-site Statistical Downscaling of Extreme Precipitation Using Multi-model Ensemble

Chiranjib Chaudhuri, Colin Robertson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: multi-site statistical downscaling; generative adversarial network; combination of errors; convolutional neural network; structural similarity index; Wasserstein GAN; extreme precipitation

Online: 22 December 2023 (03:50:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1481.v1

Characterization of Non-methane Hydrocarbons Fingerprint Prevalence in Urban Areas Using eNose Sensor Technology; Quantifying Correlation of Its Concentration with Windspeed for Identification of the Emission Sources

Reem Yaqoub Yousif Ahmed Abdalla, Aseela Al Moalla, Mohamed Ateeg, Muhammed Sirajul Huda Kalathingal, shaher Bano, Fouad Lamghari Ridouane

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: eNose; Volatile organic compound; non-methane hydrocarbons; pollution; Air quality monitoring station; UAE

Online: 20 December 2023 (10:53:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1359.v1

Multiscale spatiotemporal variations of GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor over Yunnan

Minghua Wang, Zhuochen Lv, Weiwei Wu, Du Li, Rui Zhang, Chengzhi Sun

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Global Navigation Satellite System; Precipitable Water Vapor; Secular Trend; Annual Cycle; Diurnal Variation; Radiosonde

Online: 19 December 2023 (09:33:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1052.v1

Innovative Cloud Quantification: Deep Learning Classification and Finite Element Clustering for Ground-Based All Sky Imaging

Jingxuan Luo, Yubing Pan, Debin Su, Jinhua Zhong, Lingxiao Wu, Wei Zhao, Xiaoru Hu, Zhengchao Qi, Daren Lu, Yinan Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: cloud quantification; deep neural networks; adaptive segmentation; finite element clustering; whole sky image

Online: 14 December 2023 (05:47:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0786.v1

Iron Oxide and Hydroxide Speciation in Emissions of Brake-Wear Particles from Different Friction Materials using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure

Hiroyuki Hagino, Ayumi Iwata, Tomoaki Okuda

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: brake dust; particulate matter; airborne particles; XAFS analysis; non-exhaust emissions

Online: 13 December 2023 (03:42:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0733.v1

A Numerical Modeling Study on the Earth’s Surface Brightening Effect of Cirrus Thinning

Xiangjun Shi, Yuxin Liu, Jiaojiao Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: cirrus cloud thinning; seeding method; brightening effect; cooling effect

Online: 11 December 2023 (19:27:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0391.v1

A Wind Field Reconstruction from Numerical Weather Prediction Data Based on a Meteo–Particle Model

Edoardo Bucchignani

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Limited Area Models; wind field reconstruction; MPM

Online: 6 December 2023 (12:17:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0362.v1

Multi-scale Sources of Precipitation Predictability in the Northern Great Plains

Carlos M. Carrillo, Francisco Muñoz-Arriola, Liang Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: drought; extended rainfall; sub-seasonal predictability; low-level jet; circumglobal teleconnection; EOF; CFS; NARR

Online: 6 December 2023 (08:16:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0344.v1

Appraisal of Daily Temperature and Rainfall Events in the Context of Global Warming in South Australia

Federico Ferrelli, Melisa Pontrlli Albisetti, Andrea Soledad Brendel, Andrés Iván Casoni, Patrick Alan Hesp

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall and temperature trends; climate change; south australia; southern hemisphere

Online: 6 December 2023 (07:27:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0226.v1

Dynamic and Thermodynamic Contributions to Rainfall Changes in the Congo Basin: Evaluation of the Impact of an RCM's formulation

Alain T. Tamoffo, Alessandro Dosio, Torsten Weber, Derbetini A. Vondou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Congo Basin; Precipitation Changes; Dynamic and Thermodynamic contributions; RCM’s Formulation; RCA4; RCP8.5

Online: 4 December 2023 (17:30:13 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0165.v1

Challenges in the Forecasting of Severe Typhoon Koinu in 2023

P.W. Chan, Y.H. He

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tropical cyclone; track; intensity; wind; rainfall

Online: 4 December 2023 (11:35:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0042.v1

Electric State of the Surface Atmosphere in the Mountain-Steppe Landscapes of the Southern Siberia according to Meas-urement Data in the Khakass-Tyva Expedition in 2022

Konstntin Pustovalov, Petr Nagorskiy, Mariya Oglezneva, Artysh Sat, Sergei Smirnov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmospheric electricity; Global Electric Circuit; Carnegie curve; air ions; fair-weather condition; main meteorological quantities; Siberia; mountain landscapes

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:35:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1827.v1

Network Approach Identifies the Control Cities of O3 Pollution

Zhidan Zhao, Demei Xue, Haojun Sun, Weiping Wang, Na Ying

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ozone; complex network; maximum matching algorithm; community classification

Online: 28 November 2023 (16:15:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1695.v1

Simulation of Pollutants Trajectory in the Black Sea Region Atmosphere with Different Spatial Resolution

Alexander A. Egorkin, Elena N. Voskresenskaya, Viktor Y. Zhuravskiy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: trajectories; reanalys data set; HYSPLIT model; WRF model

Online: 28 November 2023 (03:23:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1537.v1

Radiative Regime According to the New MSU-RAD(BSRN) Complex in Moscow: The Role of Aerosol, Surface Albedo and Sunshine Duration

Daria Piskunova, Natalia Chubarova, Aleksei Poliukhov, Ekaterina Zhdanova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: shortwave irradiance; longwave irradiance; sunshine duration; surface albedo; aerosol; cloudiness; BSRN; CIMEL sun photometer; Kipp&Zonen

Online: 23 November 2023 (13:36:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1507.v1

Investigation of Brake-Wear Particle Emissions from Regenerative-Friction Brake Coordination Systems via Dynamometer Testing

Hiroyuki Hagino

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: brake wear; particulate matter; plug in hybrid electric vehicle; electric vehicle; regenerative and hydraulic brake control system; WLTP-Brake cycle; non-exhaust emissions

Online: 23 November 2023 (10:03:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1274.v1

Observations, Remote Sensing and Model Simulation to Ana-lyze Southern Brazil Antarctic Ozone Hole Influence

Lucas Vaz Peres, Damaris Kirsch Pinheiro, Hassan Bencherif, Nelson Bègue, José Valentin Bageston, Gabriela Dornelles Bittencourt, Thierry Portafaix, André Passaglia Schuch, Vagner Anabor, Rodrigo Da Silva, Theomar Trindade Neves, Raphael Tapajós Silva, Gabriela Godinho Dos Reis, Marco Godinho Dos Reis, Maria Paulete Martins, Mohamed A. Toihir, Nkanyiso Mbatha, Luiz Angelo Steffenel, David Mendes

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: antarctic; ozone; MIMOSA model ;

Online: 21 November 2023 (10:04:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1229.v1

The Impact of the Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Variability on the Dynamical Processes and Ozone Layer in the Arctic Atmosphere

Andrew R. Jakovlev, Sergei P. Smyshlyaev

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmosphere– ocean dynamics; sea surface temperature; polar vortex; air temperature; ozone concentration; zonal wind

Online: 20 November 2023 (07:50:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0913.v1

Evaluation of Bias Corrected GCM CMIP6 Simulation of Sea Surface Temperature over the Gulf of Guinea

Oye Ideki, Anthony R. Lupo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: sea surface temperature; CMIP6; bias correction; general circulation model; gulf of guinea; western sahel; climate extremes ;

Online: 14 November 2023 (10:43:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0749.v1

Connecting Global Modes of Variability to Climate in High Mountain Asia

Elias Massoud, Young-Kwon Lim, Lauren Andrews, Manuela Girotto

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: teleconnections; High Mountain Asia; modes of variability; geopotential height; temperature; precipitation; snow cover

Online: 13 November 2023 (10:52:25 CET)

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Oscillations in global modes of variability (MoV) form global teleconnections that affect regional climate variability and modify the potential for severe and damaging weather conditions. Understanding the link between certain MoVs and regional climate can improve the ability to more accurately predict environmental conditions that impact human life and health. In this study, we explore the connection between different MoVs, including the Arctic Oscillation (AO), Eurasian teleconnection, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (Nino34), with winter and summer climate in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region, including geopotential height at 250 hPa (z250), 2-m air temperature (T2M), total precipitation (PRECTOT), and fractional snow cover area (fSCA). Relationships are explored for the same monthly period between the MoVs and the climate variables, but also using a lagged correlation analysis to investigate whether any relationship exists at different time lags. We find that T2M has a negative correlation with the Eurasian teleconnection in the Inner Tibetan Plateau and Central China in both winter and summer and a positive correlation in Western China in summer. PRECTOT has a positive correlation with all MoV in most regions in winter, especially with the IOD, and a negative correlation in summer, especially with the Eurasian teleconnection. Snow cover in winter is positively correlated with most indices throughout many regions in HMA, likely due to wintertime precipitation also being positively correlated with most indices. Generally, the AO and NAO show similar correlation patterns with all climate variables, especially in the winter, possibly due to their oscillations being so similar. Furthermore, the AO and NAO are shown to be less significant in explaining the variation in HMA climate compared to other MoVs such as the Eurasian teleconnection. Overall, our results pinpoint different time-windows and specific regions within HMA that exhibit high correlation between climate and MoVs, which might offer additional predictability of the MoVs as well as of climate and weather patterns in HMA and throughout the globe.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0555.v1

Quantifying the Role of Model Internal Year-to-Year Variability in Estimating Anthropogenic Aerosol Radiative Effects

Xiangjun Shi, Yuxi Zeng

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: internal year-to-year variability; anthropogenic aerosol radiative effects; decadal trend distributions; annual mean map with significance tests

Online: 8 November 2023 (13:56:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0520.v1

Unreported Characteristics of the North American Monsoon

Frank William Reichenbacher, William D. Peachey

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: monsoon; North American Monsoon; precipitation; Sonoran Desert; Gulf of California; phenology; climate change; climatology; El Niño; ENSOsea surface temperature; Sonora; Arizona

Online: 8 November 2023 (07:53:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0448.v1

Prediction of the Onset and Offset of the Rainy Season in Senegal Using Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps

FAYE Dioumacor, François Kaly, Abdou Lahat Dieng, Dahirou Wane, Cheikh Modou Noreyni FALL, Amadou Thierno Gaye

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: onset of the rainy season; offset of the rainy season; length of the rainy season; Kohonen 20 algorithm; hierarchical ascendant classification; Senegal; West Africa

Online: 8 November 2023 (01:30:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0118.v1

Homogeneity Assessment and Correction Methodology for the 1980-2022 Daily Temperature Series in Padua, Italy

Claudio Stefanini, Francesca Becherini, Antonio Della Valle, Francesco Rech, Fabio Zecchini, Dario Camuffo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: homogeneity tests; daily temperature series; correction methodology; climate change

Online: 2 November 2023 (07:35:55 CET)

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Meteorological observations over the last four decades are of paramount importance to investigate the ongoing climate change. The assessment of the reliability of any climatic time series is thus mandatory to draw correct conclusions. This evaluation involves homogeneity tests to detect artificial discontinuities whose identification is facilitated by metadata availability. In this work, daily minimum and maximum temperature measurements collected in Padua, Italy, between 1980 and 2022, are examined. Hourly observations began in 1993 and since the aim is to study long term behavior of the temperature, the focus is on daily averages and extremes. Over this period, the weather station of Padua center underwent many changes, in location or instrument; therefore, some tests have been used to identify and remove the effects of these variations and obtain a homogeneous time series. The homogeneity tests applied must be able to identify change-points both in the middle and at the extremes of the series. Some well-known absolute tests have been applied to investigate shift in the mean value: Standard Normal Homogeneity test (SNH), Buishand U and range tests, Pettitt test, F-test, STARS. Some relative tests have been applied too, which are generally more reliable than absolute tests, because they consider the information from neighboring stations. As relative tests rely on the homogeneity and quality of the reference series, several nearby stations and two reanalysis datasets (ERA5 and MERIDA) have been considered, to enhance the picture of the local situation and provide more robust conclusions. The applied tests identify change-points in the years in which a change in instrument or location of the station have occurred, confirming that these changes have compromised the homogeneity of the series. The sub-series obtained splitting the observations in correspondence of these change-points have been homogenized with respect a selected period; corrections must be applied also to future measurements to extend the time series properly.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0096.v1

Analysis of Density Altitude Characteristics at Chinese Airports

Xianbiao Kang, Guoqing Zhao, Haijun Song, Xianfeng Zeng

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Chinese airports; density altitude

Online: 1 November 2023 (12:53:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0076.v1

Effects of Joint Assimilation of FY-4A AGRI and Ground-based Microwave Radiometer on a Heavy Rainfall in Kaifeng Area of Central China in the Summer of 2022

Jianbin Zhang, Zhiqiu Gao, Yubin Li, Yuncong Jiang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: assimilation; FY-4A AGRI; ground-based microwave radiometer; Heavy Rainfall; Kaifeng

Online: 1 November 2023 (11:19:57 CET)

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This study aims to evaluate the combined assimilation of AGRI infrared radiance and ground-based MWR (Microwave Radiometer) data for predicting short-duration heavy rainfall. The WRFDA 4.3 framework is utilized to establish the data assimilation interface. The structural characteristics of this joint assimilation approach are analyzed using a typical heavy rainfall event in the Kaifeng region of Central China. The findings indicate the following: (1) The joint assimilation of FY-4A AGRI and ground-based MWR data effectively corrects the initial moisture content in model simulations. Data assimilation significantly improves the simulation of 24-hour accumulated rainfall. Furthermore, the joint assimilation of AGRI radiance and MWR data outperforms assimilating either of them individually; (2) In the heavy rainfall stage, from the low level to the high level, strong upward movement occurs in the center of the rainstorm. The water vapor in the process of this rainstorm mainly comes from the westward air transport in front of the high trough. The water vapor is continuously transported to the heavy rainfall belt through this channel, providing sufficient water vapor for the maintenance of the rainstorm; (3) The combination of the interaction between high and low level vorticity and divergence in the atmosphere and the vertical upward movement, the emergence of low level jet and the generation of unstable energy in the atmospheric environment jointly lead to the occurrence of the rainstorm process; and (4) The terrain-sensitive experiment results show that, the existence of the topography of Taihang Mountain changes the precipitation in Kaifeng area, and reducing the terrain height will lead to a 50%-60% decrease in the overall precipitation of the precipitation center, and the precipitation range will also be greatly reduced. An increase of more than 50% in terrain height will lead to an increase in precipitation center, precipitation range and precipitation intensity, and an increase of 10%-20% in overall precipitation; An increase of more than 75% in the terrain height will cause the rain belt to shift eastward by about 0.5°E, and the precipitation center will shift significantly eastward. When the terrain height increased by more than 100%, the precipitation did not continue to increase, which was basically the same as the control test. This paper provides a valuable basis for further improving the application of FY-4A AGRI radiance and ground-based microwave radiometer in numerical weather models.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1995.v1

Determination of the Spatial Distribution of Air Pollutants in Bucheon, South Korea, in Winter Using a GIS-Based Mobile Laboratory

Min-kyeong KIM, Dae ho Kim, Yelim Jang, Jooyeon Lee, Sangwon Ko, Kyunghoon Kim, Choonsoo Park, Duckshin Park

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: air pollution; geographic information system; hotspot analysis; mobile laboratory; spatial distribution characteristics

Online: 31 October 2023 (07:38:46 CET)

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Driven by industrialization and urbanization, urban air pollution can increase respiratory, heart, and cerebrovascular diseases, and thus mortality rates; as such, it is necessary to improve air quality through the consideration of individual pollutants and emissions sources. In South Korea, national and local governments have installed urban and roadside air quality monitoring systems. However, stations are lacking outside metropolitan regions, and roadside stations are sparsely distributed, limiting comparisons of pollutant concentrations with vehicle traffic and floating population levels. Local governments have begun using mobile laboratories (MLs) to supplement the fixed measurement network and investigate road pollution source characteristics based on their spatiotemporal distribution; however, the collected data cannot be used effectively if they are not visualized. Here, we propose a method to collect and visualize global information system (GIS)-based air quality data overlayed with environmental variables to support air quality management measures. Spatiotemporal analyses of ML-derived data from Bucheon, Korea, confirmed that particulate and gaseous pollutant concentrations were high during typical commuting hours, at intersections, and at a specially managed road. During commuting hours, the maximum PM10 concentration reached 200.7 µg/m³ in the Nae-dong, Gyeongin-ro, and Ojeong-dong ready-mix concrete complex areas, and the maximum PM_2.5 concentration was 161.7 µg/m³. The maximum NOx, NO₂, and NO levels of 1.34 ppm, 0.18 ppm, and 1.18 ppm, respectively, were also detected during commuting hours. These findings support the need for targeted management of air pollution in this region, and highlight the benefit of comprehensively comparing road levels, driving speed, and traffic levels when identifying hotspots of air pollution. Such analyses will contribute to the development of air quality management measures customized to regional characteristics.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1976.v1

Study on the Influence of Environmental Factors on Water-Heat Exchange Process between Alpine Wetlands Underlying Surface and Atmosphere

Yan Xie, Jun Wen, Yuling Zhang, Jinlei Chen, Xianyu Yang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Source region of the Yellow River; WRF; Latent heat flux; decoupling coefficient (Ω); Solar radiation; Water vapour pressure deficit

Online: 31 October 2023 (03:03:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1769.v1

Cloud Characteristics and Their Effects on Solar Irradiance According to the ICON Model, CLOUDNET and BSRN Observations

Julia Shuvalova, Natalia Chubarova, Marina Shatunova

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: cloud condensation nuclei; solar irradiance; ICON model; CLOUDNET; MODIS; BSRN

Online: 27 October 2023 (10:35:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1593.v2

Atmospheric CO2: A 2-Box Model Accurately Tracks 14C and 13C Spanning 200 Years and Estimates Global Uptake of Fossil Fuel Emissions

Stephen E. Taylor

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Anthropogenic Emissions; Revelle Factor; Exchange Flux; Bomb Pulse

Online: 26 October 2023 (09:52:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1593.v1

Atmospheric CO2: A 2-Box model accurately tracks 14C and 13C spanning 200 years and estimates global uptake of fossil fuel emissions

Stephen E. Taylor

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Anthropogenic Emissions; Revelle Factor; Exchange Flux; Bomb Pulse

Online: 25 October 2023 (08:39:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1436.v1

Difference between WMO Climate Normal and Climatology: Insights from a Satellite-Based Global Cloud and Radiation Climate Data Record

Abhay Devasthale, Karl-Göran Karlsson, Sandra Andersson, Erik Engström

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate normal; climatology; satellite remote sensing; clouds and radiation; climate change; climate data records; climate monitoring; essential climate variables; climate anomalies; WMO

Online: 23 October 2023 (11:06:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1330.v1

Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability in Extreme Temperature and Rainfall Indices in the Semi-Arid Areas of Northern Ethiopia

Abadi Berhane, Teklay Tesfay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Rainfall; Mann-Kendall test; Temperature; Spatial interpolation; Temporal variability; Tigray

Online: 20 October 2023 (10:30:19 CEST)

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Ethiopia has been known for its recurrent droughts and poverty due to extreme climate change and variability affecting agricultural production. This study was, therefore, conducted to analyze the seasonal and inter-annual variability in rainfall and temperature v over the past three decades in western Tigray. The study consisted of 34 years of temperature and rainfall data from nine stations in two administrative zones in the western part of Tigray. The climate data was obtained from the National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA) from 1983 to 2016. Total rainfall, simple daily intensity index, Rx1day and Rx5day, and maximum and minimum temperature, tropical nights, diurnal temperature range, cold spell and warm spell duration indicator values, cold days and cold nights, warm days, and warm nights were analyzed. RClimDex software was employed to analyze the trends and quality control of the extreme rainfall and temperature indices; in addition, the Mann-Kendall test was also used to detect the changes and variability of the variables. The trend analysis showed that there was significant (p<0.05) variability in extreme temperatures, with maximum and minimum temperatures varying from 0.04 to 0.051 0C, and 0.022 to 0.031 0C, respectively. The results also revealed that there was a negative trend in extreme rainfall, with no uniform pattern. The highest and smallest reduction in the annual rainfall was 14.6 mm and 8.4 mm, which were observed at Maygaba and Adigoshu, respectively. More than 60% of the total rainfall was received in July and August throughout the study areas, with the maximum monthly rainfall of 294.2 mm observed at Adiremets. Finally, this study demonstrated that areas in the northwestern and western zones of Tigray were significantly affected by extreme rainfall and temperature variability, which subsequently affected crop yield, natural resources, food security, and the livelihood of the community during the last three decades.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1228.v1

Linking Climate Change information with Crop Growing Seasons in the Northwest Ethiopian Highlands

Gashaw Bimrew, Addis Aschenaki, Sisay E Debele

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Rainfall; Temperature; Potential evapotranspiration; Soil water content; Climate Projection

Online: 19 October 2023 (07:02:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0992.v1

Examining the Predictability of Tropical Cyclogenesis through the Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation System

Dao Nguyen-Quynh Hoa, Tran-Tan Tien, Nguyen-Y Nhu, Thi Lan Dao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tropical cyclones; tropical cyclogenesis, ensemble prediction system; data assimilation

Online: 19 October 2023 (06:19:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1079.v1

Assessment of Spatiotemporal Changes in Precipitation Extreme Climate Indices over Chungcheong Region of South Korea during 1973–2020

Hyungon Cho, Bashir Adelodun, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Gwangseob Kim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Extreme climate indices; trend analysis; innovative trend analysis; spatiotemporal variability

Online: 18 October 2023 (02:08:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0997.v1

An Adaptive Learning Approach for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Correction

Rui Chen, Ralf Toumi, Xinjie Shi, Xiang Wang, Yao Duan, Weimin Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tropical cyclones; ERA5 reanalysis; deep learning; generalisability; domain adaptation

Online: 17 October 2023 (08:19:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0956.v1

Improving Radar Reflectivity Reconstruction with Himawari-9 and Unet++ for Off-shore Weather Monitoring

Bingcheng Wan, Chloe Yuchao Gao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Radar Composite Reflectivity; Himawari-9; Unet++

Online: 16 October 2023 (11:31:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0487.v2

Agro-climatic Analysis for Agricultural Adaptation in Hungary

Kinga Biró, Erik Kovács

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: drought; shock; agro-climate; agriculture; precipitation

Online: 16 October 2023 (10:55:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0749.v1

Tropical Cyclonic Energy Variability in North Indian Ocean: Insights from ENSO

Debanjana Das, Sen Chiao, Chayan Roychoudhury, Fatema Khan, Sutapa Chaudhuri, Sayantika Mukherjee

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tropical cyclone; ENSO; ACE; SST; SSH

Online: 12 October 2023 (05:11:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0704.v1

Evaluation of Subseasonal Precipitation Simulations for the Sao Francisco River Basin, Brazil

Nicole C. R. Ferreira, Sin Chan Chou, Claudine Dereczynski

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Climate extremes; transition season; rainy season; model errors; extended range

Online: 11 October 2023 (08:56:24 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0421.v1

El Niño Effects on Southern African Agriculture in 2023/24, Anticipatory Action Strategies to Reduce the Impacts in Zimbabwe

Hillary Mugiyo, Tamuka Magadzire, Dennis Junior Choruma, Vimbayi Grace Petrova Chimonyo, Rebecca Manzou, Obert Jiri, Tafadzwa Mabhaudhi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Early warning; El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Climate services, weather, and climate information

Online: 8 October 2023 (07:28:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0209.v1

The Response of Surface-Level Atmospheric Electrical Parameters in Israel to Severe Space Weather Events

Roy Yaniv, Yoav Yosef Yair, Colin Gregory Price, Yuval Reuveni

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: space weather; global electric circuit; fair weather; electric field; current density; solar proton events; coronal mass ejection

Online: 4 October 2023 (05:20:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0138.v1

Multi-Frequency Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) System for Aerosol and Cloud Retrievals of CO2/H2O and CH4/H2O

Jasper R Stroud, Gerd A Wagner, David F Plusquellic

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: DIAL; differential absorption lidar; IPDA; integrated path differential absorption LIDAR; cloud aerosol retrievals

Online: 3 October 2023 (09:35:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.2057.v1

Comparison of sunshine duration measurements between the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder and three automatic sensors at three locations in Cyprus.

Stelios Pashiardis, Alexandros PELENGARIS, Soteris A. KALOGIROU

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: sunshine duration; Campbell-Stokes heliograph; pyranometer; pyrheliometer; CSD3 sensors

Online: 3 October 2023 (03:39:46 CEST)

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The purpose of this paper is to compare daily sunshine duration (SD) measured by Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder (CS) with three automatic instruments (Kipp & Zonen pyranometers (CM6B), pyrheliometer (CHP1) and CSD3 sunshine recorders). The comparisons are essential, since in recent decades automatic sunshine duration sensors have been systematically replacing the manual measurements affecting therefore the continuity of the CS time series. The comparisons were applied to the daily SD data of three synoptic stations (Larnaca A/P, Pafos A/P and Athalassa) where parallel measurements of manual and automatic instruments are carried out during the periods 2009-2012 and 2012-2015. The CSD3 measurements were obtained from two automatic weather stations (AWS) (Mennogia and Pentakomo) which are closed to the synoptic station of Larnaca A/P. The comparisons cover the daily and monthly sums, their statistical distributions and their relationships. The daily differences of the pairs of the sunshine recorders installed at the same location are mostly within the range of -1.0 to +1.0 h. At Larnaca, in the period 2009-2012, the pyranometric method (Gl) is higher than the CS in the summer months, while during the winter months it is lower than CS. Pafos and Athalassa showed higher values of CS comparing to Gl and the pyrheliometric method (Pr), respectively, almost throughout the year. Generally, the annual average daily differences between the different pairs range between 0.3 and 0.5 h. Regression equations were determined allowing the estimation of daily SD under different sky conditions. The closest relations between different pairs were obtained in ‘clear sky’ and ‘all sky’ conditions, as it is indicated by the high coefficient of determinations. R2 reached the values of 0.92 and 0.96 under ‘all sky’ conditions, and between 0.80 and 0.91 under ‘clear’ sky conditions, respectively. An increase in cloud cover causes an increase in the SD differences recorded by the relevant devices. Comparing statistically the different pairs using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test which is the alternative to the Two Sample T parametric test, it was found that the medians are not statistically different. However, significant differences were only detected in the case of the pair of CS and Pr at Athalassa (2012-2015) using both tests. In the rest of the cases the differences are not statistically significant at the 5% level.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0017.v1

Relationship Between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon

Augusto G. C. Pereira, Rafael Palácios, Paula C. R. Santos, Raimundo Vitor S. Pereira, Glauber Cirino, Breno Imbiriba

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Aerosol; ENSO; Black Carbon; Remote Sensing; Amazon

Online: 1 October 2023 (08:49:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1895.v1

Time Series Homogenization with ACMANT: Comparative Testing of Two Recent Versions in Large-Size Synthetic Temperature Datasets

Peter Domonkos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: relative homogenization; ACMANT; homogenization accuracy; synthetic data; regional trend bias; automatic networking

Online: 28 September 2023 (02:24:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1823.v1

Assessing Cumulative Nitrous Oxide Emissions during both Rice Cultivation and Fallow Phases: A Three-Year Case Study in South Korea

Okjung Ju, Namgoo Kang, Hoseup Soh, Jung-Soo Park, Eun-Jung Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Jeong

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: nitrous oxide; rice paddy; nitrogen fertilization; soil moisture; weather condition

Online: 27 September 2023 (10:44:40 CEST)

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Rice cultivation serves as a significant anthropogenic source of methane (CH4), a primary greenhouse gas, and nitrous oxide (N2O), a secondary greenhouse gas. Although N2O emissions remain relatively small compared to CH4 emissions, they are remarkably affected by nitrogen-fertilized soil conditions during rice cultivation. To date, investigations are very limited concerning N2O emissions from rice cultivation in relation to environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, and soil properties. In this case study, we investigated the characteristics of N2O emissions in the central region of South Korea, where a single rice cropping cycle occurs annually over a span of three years, from May 2020 to May 2023. We investigated the impact of variations in temperature and soil moisture on N2O emissions during rice cultivation. In this context, we attempted to discover the complex dynamics of N2O emissions by comparing longer fallow periods with the rice cultivation periods and extended non-dry periods with irrigated periods. We observed that extremely high N₂O flux events encountered during the fallow period appeared to have a substantial impact on the yearly cumulative N₂O emissions, surpassing the impact of cumulative N₂O emissions during the rice cultivation period. We found that high N₂O flux events arose not only from artificial nitrogen inputs but also due to temperature and soil moisture variations influenced by weather conditions. We concluded that assessing N₂O emissions solely based on the rice cultivation period would underestimate annual emissions. To prevent underestimation of N₂O emissions, continual gas collection throughout a year covering both rice cultivation and fallow phases is required in align with monitoring of varying temperature and soil moisture conditions. Based on our findings, we recommend that at least a three whole year evaluation period is needed to ensure estimation accuracy of N₂O emissions under varying nitrogen fertilization rates. Also, the findings from this study would help prepare a further revision or refinement of N2O emission factor from rice cultivation in the national greenhouse gas inventories defined by the inter-governmental panel on climate change (IPCC).

Environmental and Earth Sciences