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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0181.v1

Dynamics of Freezing/Thawing Indices and Frozen Ground from 1961 to 2010 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Xuewei Fang, Anqi Wang, Shihua Lyu, Klaus Fraedrich

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: freezing/thawing indices; permafrost dynamics; Community Land Surface Model; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:22:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1833.v2

An Estimation of Daily PM2.5 Concentration in Thailand Using Satellite Data at 1-kilometer Resolution

Suhaimee Buya, Sasiporn Usanavasin, Gokon Hideomi, Jessada Karnjana

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: PM2.5 estimation; Satellite data; Aerosol optical depth; Machine learning; Random Forest; Thailand

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:31:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2201.v1

Climatology of Planetary Boundary Layer Height Over Jiangsu, China, Based on ERA5 Reanalysis Data

Xiang Li, Yiwen Dong, Yunfei Zhang, Zhen Shi, Jiawei Yao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ERA5; PBLH; Jiangsu; climatology; meteorological variables; trend

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:31:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2114.v1

Characteristics of Convective Parameters Derived from Rawinsonde and ERA5 Data Associated with Hailstorms in North-eastern Romania

Vasilica Istrate, Dorin Podiuc, Dragoș Andrei Sîrbu, Eduard Popescu, Emil Sîrbu, Doru Dorian Popescu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: hailstorm; convective environment; statistical correlation; hail forecasting

Online: 30 May 2023 (10:36:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1987.v1

A Comparative Analysis Between Radar and Human Observations of the Giant Hail Event of 30 August 2022 in Catalonia

Tomeu Rigo, Carme Farnell

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Giant hail; Field work; hailstorm; damages; Weather Radar

Online: 29 May 2023 (07:04:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1871.v1

Assessing the Development and Intensity of the Urban Heat Island through Weather Types in the Attica Region, Greece

Ilias Petrou, Nikolaos Kyriazis, Pavlos Kassomenos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: urban climate; Copernicus dataset; urban heat island; weather types; urban overheating; synoptic classification

Online: 26 May 2023 (07:06:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1833.v1

An Estimation of Daily PM2.5 Concentration in Thailand Using Satellite Data at 1-kilometer Resolution

Suhaimee Buya, Sasiporn Usanavasin, Gokon Hideomi, Jessada Karnjana

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: PM2.5 estimation; Satellite data; Aerosol optical depth; Machine learning; Random Forest; Thailand

Online: 26 May 2023 (03:51:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1828.v1

First Assessment of the Observed Meteorological Data in the Lousã/Seia Region in the Framework of the FireStorm Project

João Rio, Manuel Lopes, Pedro Silva, Ilda Novo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Firestorm project; fire-atmosphere interaction; surface weather stations; nighttime vertical varia-bility

Online: 26 May 2023 (03:38:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1542.v1

Variability of Lightning and Precipitation Associated with Lightning-Caused Wildfires in the Central and Eastern United States

Brian Vant-Hull, William Koshak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: wildfire; lightning igntion; Dry lightning

Online: 23 May 2023 (03:25:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1302.v1

Long-Term Trends in Inferred Continental Background Ozone in Eastern Australia

Matthew L. Riley, Ningbo Jiang, Hiep Nguyen Duc, Merched Azzi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: background ozone; k-means clustering; ozone trends; air quality monitoring

Online: 18 May 2023 (08:37:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1111.v1

Comparative Evaluation of Rainfall Forecasts During the Summer of 2020 Over Central East China

Yakai Guo, Changliang Shao, Aifang Su

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall verification; rainstorm; skill scores; spatial characteristics; model evaluation

Online: 16 May 2023 (05:58:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1088.v1

Study of the Rainfall Variability in Bilbao over the Last 150 Years

Natalia Alegría, Maria Urrestizala, Igor Peñalva, Chrles Pinto

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall; climate change; water supply; intra-annual variations

Online: 16 May 2023 (05:04:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0895.v1

Segregation of Fast-Reactive Species in Atmospheric Turbulent Flow

Guy P. Brasseur, Mary Barth, Jan Kazil, Edward Patton, Yuting Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: turbulence; chemistry; segregation; LES

Online: 12 May 2023 (07:15:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0870.v1

Implementing and Improving CBMZ-MAM3 Chemistry and Aerosol Modules in the Regional Climate Model WRF-CAM5: An Evaluation over the Western US and Eastern North Pacific

Xiaokang Wu, Yan Feng, Cenlin He, Rajesh Kumar, Cui Ge, David Painemal, Yangyang Xu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: atmospheric chemistry; air quality; climate-chemistry model

Online: 11 May 2023 (14:31:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0251.v1

Comprehensive Study of Thunderstorm Indices Threshold Favorable for Thunderstorms During Monsoon Season Using WRF-ARW Model and ERA5 Over India

Unashish Mondal, Anish Kumar, S. K. Panda, Devesh Sharma, Someshwar Das

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Thunderstorm Indices; WRF-ARW; Lightning; Optimal Threshold; Model Skill Score

Online: 4 May 2023 (10:01:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0168.v1

Towards Improved Flash Flood Forecasting Using WRF-Hydro in the Horn of Africa: Case of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

Addisu Gezahegn Semie, Gulilat Tefera Diro, Teferi D Demissie, Yonas Mersha Yigezu, Binyam Tesfaw Hailu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: WRF-Hydro; flood; extreme events; Ethiopia

Online: 4 May 2023 (03:09:12 CEST)

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A reliable flood early warning system must take into account the mechanisms that cause heavy precipitation events and accurate surface hydrology modeling. In this project, analysis of atmospheric processes and hydrological modelling of selected flood events over Dire Dawa is conducted using various observational/reanalysis data and uncoupled WRF-Hydro model simulations. To comprehend the processes causing such severe precipitation occurrences, large scale atmospheric fields linked to selected extreme precipitation events are examined using ERA5 reanalysis. The land surface was configured at 1 km resolution while 250 m sub-grid resolution was set to perform the routing process. Model forcing for the uncoupled WRF-Hydo model is obtained from ERA5 reanalysis data. Sensitivity of stream-flow simulation to various parameter values such as hydrolic conductivity and surface infiltration coefficient was carried out for August 2006. The result of the sensitivity experiment reveals that infiltration-runoff, hydrolic soil conductivity and saturated volumetric soil moisture with the parameter value of 0.1, 1.5 and 1.0, respectively are found to produce realistic spatial and temporal distribution of stream-flow. The extreme flood events of March 2005 and April 2007 were studied further to assess the performance of WRF-Hydro model and to understand the underlying atmospheric mechanisms causing these heavy precipitation events. The result of hydrological simulation demonstrated that uncoupled WRF-Hydro simulation reproduced both the temporal evolution and the spatial pattern reasonably well. Our analysis indicated that the amount of precipitation during these two events exceeded the long-term average by several factors, furthermore, the anomalies cover larger areas of eastern Ethiopia. Associated to these extreme events, upper level subtropical westerly jet-streams were anomalously stronger and also extended further southward favouring upper level divergence over the region. At lower level, the notable circulation anomalies include anomalous positive pressure anomaly over Sudan/Egypt leading to northerly flow anomaly over Red Sea, strengthening of southerly influx from southern Indian ocean due to stronger Mascarene High. The encouraging results from WRF-Hydro simulation suggest that this modelling framework can be implemented in operational context within national and regional forecasting centers as a key component to establish a flood monitoring and early warning system.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0107.v1

Drag Coefficient Parameterization Under Hurricane Wind Conditions

Alexandra Mikhailovna Kuznetsova, Georgy Alekseyevich Baydakov, Alexander Sergeyevich Dosaev, Yuliya Igorevna Troitskaya

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: drag coefficient; parameterizations; wave model; spray; ocean-atmosphere boundary layer

Online: 3 May 2023 (07:28:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1254.v1

Operation of the Worldwide Lightning Location Network over Spain

Enrique A. Navarro, Enrique Navarro-Modesto, Jaume Segura-Garcia, Jesus Lopez-Ballester, Jorge A. Portí

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Lightning; Geolocation; WWLLN; Global Lightning Geolocation; Detection Efficiency; Terrestrial Monitoring Sensors; Atmospheric Electricity; Detection Efficiency of WWLLN in Iberia

Online: 30 April 2023 (04:10:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1199.v1

Micro-Nano-Plastics in the Atmosphere: Methodology for Sampling

Yuliya Logvina, Isabel M. Casado, Helena Ribeiro, Luís Pinto da Silva, Pedro Rodrigues, João Leitão, Joaquim Esteves da Silva

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Microplastics; nanoplastics; atmosphere; aerosols; sampling procedure; size fractionation procedure

Online: 29 April 2023 (03:40:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1060.v1

Attenuation Correction of the X-Band Dual-Polarization Phased Array Radar Based on Observed Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics

Jiabao Feng, Xiantong Liu, Feng Xia, Yu Zhang, Xiaona Rao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: X-band dual-polarization phased array radar; Precipitation attenuation; Precipitation types; Raindrop size distributions

Online: 27 April 2023 (08:14:57 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0786.v1

The Surprising Roles of Turbulence in Tropical Cyclone Physics

Kerry Emanuel, Martin Velez-Pardo, Timothy W. Cronin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Tropical cyclone; hurricane; turbulence; convection; Rayleigh-Benard

Online: 23 April 2023 (07:38:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0774.v1

Variation of Aerosol Optical Properties and Trends over Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Based on 10 Years of AERONET Data and Satellite-Based Observations

Horatiu Ioan Stefanie, Andrei Radovici, Alexandru Mereuta, Viorel Arghius, Horia Camarasan, Dan Costin, Camelia Sabina Botezan, Camelia Ginsca, Nicolae Ajtai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: aerosols; AERONET; Cluj-Napoca; climatology; MAIAC; AOD; MODIS

Online: 23 April 2023 (05:01:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0487.v1

Impact of the 2022 Drought Shock on the Adaptive Capacity of Hungarian Agriculture

Kinga Biró, Erik Kovács

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: drought; shock; agro-climate; agriculture; precipitation

Online: 18 April 2023 (05:01:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0472.v1

Predrought and Its Persistence Determined the Phenological Changes of Stipa krylovii in Inner Mongolia

Erhua Liu, Guangsheng Zhou, Qijin He, Bingyi Wu, Xiaomin Lv

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Inner Mongolia; typical steppe; Stipa krylovii; phenology; SPEI

Online: 18 April 2023 (03:43:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0392.v1

The Effect of Surface Oil on Ocean Wind Stress

Daneisha Blair, Yangxing Zheng, Mark A. Bourassa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: COAWST modeling; surface oil; ocean surface stress; surface roughness; atmospheric boundary-layer stability; surface wind

Online: 17 April 2023 (03:58:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0348.v1

Climate Suitability for Tourism in Romania based on HCI: Urban Climate Index in the Near-Future Climate

Liliana Velea, Roxana Bojariu, Anisoara Irimescu, Vasile Craciunescu, Silvia Puiu, Alessandro Gallo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tourism; Romania; climate information; near future

Online: 14 April 2023 (04:25:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0284.v1

The Role of Neutral Wind Velocity and Its Vertical Component on Predictability of Formation and Localization of Sporadic E(Es)

Goderdzi Didebulidze, Giorgi Dalakishvili, Maya Todua, Lekso Toriashvili

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Formation of Sporadic E; Thermosphere tidal wind and atmospheric gravity waves

Online: 13 April 2023 (03:15:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0065.v1

Assessing the Efficacy of Integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems Into Modern Weather Observational Instruments, a Case of Uganda

Peter Wasswa, Harriet Namulindwa, Esther Nakiwala

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Indigenous; Knowledge Systems; Modern Weather Instruments; Uganda

Online: 5 April 2023 (15:20:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0059.v1

New Applications of Action Mechanics to the Thermodynamics of Atmospheric Systems

Ivan R. Kennedy, Migdat Hodzic

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Quantum of action; action mechanics; least action; photons; quanta; Gibbs energy; Gibbs field; torque; vortical action; Carnot cycle; wind turbines; downwelling radiation; tropical cyclone; gravitational energy

Online: 5 April 2023 (11:48:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0024.v1

Downscaling of Regional Air Quality Model using Gaussian Plume Model and Random Forest Regression

Marcin Kawka, Joanna Struzewska, Jacek W Kaminski

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: random forest; gaussian plume; GEM-AQ; downscalling; PM10

Online: 3 April 2023 (10:40:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0394.v1

Isoprene Emission under Climate Change Scenario in Southeast Asia

Franky Herman, Justin Sentian, Vivian wan yee Kong, Maggie Chel Gee Ooi, Mohd Sharul Mohd Nadzir

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: isoprene; climate change; SEA; WRF; MEGAN; temperature; PAR

Online: 22 March 2023 (09:43:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0310.v1

MRI-AGCM Global Warming Experiments towards the Rainfall Characteristics over India

Sridhara Nayak

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Climate Change; d4PDF; Annual cycle; Ensemble experiment

Online: 17 March 2023 (01:32:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0238.v1

Source Apportionment of Ambient Particulate Matter (PM) in two Western Africa Urban Sites (Dakar in Senegal and Bamako in Mali)

Thierno Doumbia, Catherine Liousse, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Seydi Ababacar Ndiaye, Eric Gardrat, Marie Roumy Leumbe-Ouafo, Cyril Zouiten, Véronique Yoboué, Claire Granier

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Air quality; particulate matter; source receptor models; PCA; PMF; West Africa.

Online: 14 March 2023 (01:48:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0584.v2

Extreme Climatic Events to Intensify in the Lake Victoria Basin Under Global Warming

Obed M. Ogega, Enrico Scoccimarro, Herbert Misiani, James Mbugua

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CMIP6; ScenarioMIP; Lake Victoria; climate change; SSP585; extreme weather

Online: 6 March 2023 (15:46:05 CET)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0503.v1

Supplemental Analyses for Comment on “Impacts of Sugarcane Fires on Air Quality and Public Health in South Florida”

Andrew Shapero, Stella Keck, Emily Goswami, Adam Love

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: particulate matter, statistics, air modeling

Online: 28 February 2023 (04:20:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0483.v1

The Role of the Belgian Airborne Sniffer Measurements in the MARPOL Annex VI Enforcement Chain

Ward Van Roy, Jean-Baptiste Merveille, Kobe Scheldeman, Annelore Van Nieuwenhove, Benjamin Van Roozendael, Ronny Schallier, Frank Maes

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ship emissions; airborne monitoring; Port State Control; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen oxides; administrative fines; ECA; EGCS

Online: 28 February 2023 (02:10:11 CET)

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Responding to an urgent call for effective and cost-efficient enforcement of emission regulations from ocean-going vessels (OGVs) at sea, the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, one of the 17 official partners of the Belgian coastguard structure, launched its airborne sniffer program in 2015. A custom-built sniffer sensor was installed on board of the Belgian coastguard aircraft and has been used for the in-situ measurement of SO2 and NOx in OGV exhausts, providing non-compliance alerts to port inspection authorities in Belgium and other EU member states. To guarantee the consistency in quality and reliability of the airborne non-compliance alerts, the standard operational procedures and measurement methodology have been described and recorded in a sniffer quality management system (SQMS). As part of the SQMS, alerting thresholds for non-compliance with SO2 and NOx standards were defined based on the emission limits and the measurement uncertainty. In addition, compliant measurements for the fuel sulfur content (FSC) were shared through Thetis-EU, which is the sulfur inspection database hosted by the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). By providing both non-compliance alerts and compliant measurements to port inspection authorities, the coastguard aircraft fulfills a first-step in the enforcement chain. This article demonstrates that the reported alerts have not only led to several sanctions, but the analysis also showed that the provision of airborne alerts improved the efficiency of the port inspection authorities drastically, resulting in a cost-efficient improvement of their enforcement strategy. Port inspection authorities were able to follow-up on 46% of the generated FSC alerts. In addition, 43% of the alerted OGVs, which were followed up, were confirmed as non-compliant after a port inspection. Accordingly, conditions were in place to effectively sanction 20% of the non-compliant observations. For NOx alerts, a limited follow-up was done by port inspection authorities and none of the alerts were confirmed by those inspections, which is mainly due to the lack of suitable inspection mechanisms and the absence of additional EU implementation regulations on NOx emission inspections. Aiming at paving the way for a stricter enforcement of airborne non-compliance alerts, a validation analysis was done between the airborne FSC measurements and reference FSC measurements. In addition to onboard measurements from exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS), analyzes of fuel samples were also carried out by port inspection authorities in order to acquire reference measurements. The validation analysis presented in this study showed that the empiric deviation of the airborne FSC measurements with the reference measurements was significantly lower than the uncertainty used in the reporting thresholds. It has also been shown that aerial measurements provide evidence-based data that, given an appropriate confidence interval, has the potential to be considered reliable legal evidence.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0420.v1

A Study on the Wide Range of Relative Humidity in Cirrus Clouds Using Large-Ensemble Parcel Model Simulations

Miao Zhao, Xiangjun Shi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Cirrus clouds; Relative humidity; Parcel model; Large-ensemble simulations

Online: 24 February 2023 (07:15:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0393.v1

Emissions and CO2 Concentration – an Evidence Based Approach

Joachim Dengler, John Reid

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Carbon sinks; equilibrium concentration; emission pulse; peak emissions; Bern model; Net zero

Online: 23 February 2023 (02:10:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0372.v1

First Results from the WindRAD Scatterometer Onboard FY-3E: Data Analysis, Calibration and Wind Retrieval Evaluation

Zhen Li, Anton Verhoef, Ad Stoffelen, Jian Shang, Fangli Dou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: WindRAD; NWP ocean calibration; Bayesian wind retrieval; rotating fan-beam scatterometer

Online: 22 February 2023 (03:07:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0243.v1

Comparisons of Initial Condition Perturbation Methods for Regional Ensemble Forecasts of Wind Speed in Gansu of China

Zifen Han, Diangang Hu, Qingquan Lv, And Xiaohui Zhong

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ensemble; wind forecast; dynamical downscaling; breeding; blending

Online: 14 February 2023 (09:36:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0127.v1

Necessity to Use the True Gravity in Large Scale Atmospheric Modeling

Peter C. Chu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: true gravity; effective gravity; gravity disturbance vector; geoid undulation; gravity field mode EIGEN-6C4

Online: 7 February 2023 (10:40:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0413.v2

Atmospheric CO₂ Two Box Model Accurately Tracks 14C and 13C without Requiring the "Revelle Isotopic Exception"

Stephen Taylor

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CO2 turnover time, anthropogenic emissions, CO2 atmospheric flux, global warming

Online: 17 January 2023 (02:24:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0228.v1

Climdex-Kit: An Open Software for Climate Index Calculation, Sharing and Analysis Towards Tailored Climate Services

Piero Campalani, Alice Crespi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: open source; climate indices; emissions scenarios; climate projections

Online: 12 January 2023 (13:49:09 CET)

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Preprint DATA DESCRIPTOR | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0184.v1

Multi-Year Datasets of Groundwater Level and Surface Water Budget in a Central Mediterranean Site

Marco Delle Rose, Paolo Martano

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Hydrology; Precipitation; Net Infiltration; Evapotranspiration Flux; Soil water balance; Mediterranean climate; Shallow aquifer; Well hydrograph; Natural and anthropogenic stresses

Online: 10 January 2023 (11:29:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0112.v1

Machine Learning Models for Approximating Downward Short-wave Radiation Flux over the Ocean from All-sky Optical Imagery based on DASIO Dataset

Mikhail A. Krinitskiy, Vasilisa S. Koshkina, Mikhail A. Borisov, Nikita N. Anikin, Sergey K. Gulev, Maria Artemeva

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: downward solar radiation; clouds; machine learning; deep learning; convolutional neural networks; ResNet; all-sky imagery; Random Forests; Gradient Boosting

Online: 6 January 2023 (03:16:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0126.v3

A Practical Approach for Determining Multi-Dimensional Spatial Rainfall Scaling Relations Using High Resolution Time Height Doppler Data from a Single Mobile Vertical Pointing Radar

A.R. Jameson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Time-height rainfall rate profiles from MRR radars; Advection correction for conversion to height-distance profiles, Computing radial power spectra using height-distance profiles; Using derived radial power spectra for downscaling and upscaling

Online: 4 January 2023 (12:25:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0531.v1

Model Wind Optimization with Satellite Wind Observations for Operational Sea Level Prediction

Francesco De Biasio, Stefano Zecchetto

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: scatterometer; sea surface wind; storm surge; atmospheric model

Online: 28 December 2022 (08:24:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0049.v3

Correction of Sea Brightness Coefficient Satellite Data in the Presence of Dust

Anna Stanislavovna Papkova, Evgeny Borisovich Shybanov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: sea brightness coefficient; optical characteristics; ocean color; dust; atmospheric correction

Online: 23 December 2022 (07:27:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0413.v1

Atmospheric CO₂ Two Box Model Accurately Tracks 14C and 13C without Requiring the "Revelle Isotopic Exception"

Stephen Taylor

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CO2 residence-time; CO2 lifetime; anthropogenic emissions; global warming

Online: 22 December 2022 (03:27:04 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0347.v1

Ambient Nanoparticles (PM0.1) Mapping in Thailand

Worradorn Phairuang, Suthida Piriyakarnsakul, Muanfun Inerb, Surapa Hongtieab, Thunyapat Thongyen, Jiraporn Chomanee, Yaowatat Boongla, Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Hisam Samae, Phuvasa Chanonmuang, Panwadee Suwattiga, Thaneeya Chetiyanukornkul, Sirima Panyametheekul, Muhammad Amin, Mitsuhiko Hata, Masami Furuuchi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Biomass burning; Motor vehicles; Nanoaerosols; Nanoparticles; Ultrafine particles; PM0.1; Health risks; Local sources; Transboundary; Thailand

Online: 20 December 2022 (03:20:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0126.v2

A Practical Approach for Determining Multi-Dimensional Spatial Rainfall Scaling Relations Using High Resolution Time Height Doppler Data from a Single Mobile Vertical Pointing Radar

A.R. Jameson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Time-height rainfall rate profiles from MRR radars; Advection correction for conversion to height-distance profiles, Computing radial power spectra using height-distance profiles; Using derived radial power spectra for downscaling and upscaling

Online: 19 December 2022 (10:02:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0311.v1

Observed Quasi 16-Day Wave by Meteor Radar Over 9 Years at Mengcheng (33.4°N, 116.5°E) and Comparison with the WACCM Simulation

Chengyun Yang, Dexin Lai, Wen Yi, Jianfei Wu, Xianghui Xue, Tao Li, Tingdi Chen, Xiankang Dou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: meteor radar; quasi 16-day wave; mesospheric dynamics

Online: 19 December 2022 (02:51:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0292.v1

Forecasting the July Precipitation over the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River with A Flexible Statistical Model

Qixiao Jiang, Xiangjun Shi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: statistical methods; flexible treatments; the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River; precipitation forecast

Online: 16 December 2022 (03:05:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0274.v1

Extreme Heights of 15 January 2022 Tonga Volcanic Plume and Its Initial Evolution Inferred from COSMIC-2 RO Measurements

Saginela Ravindra Babu, Neng-Huei Lin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Tonga Volcano; Volcanic cloud; COSMIC-2 RO; stratospheric water vapor

Online: 15 December 2022 (07:39:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0237.v1

Added Value of Aerosol Observations of the Future AOS High Spectral Resolution Lidar with Respect to a Classic Backscatter Spaceborne Lidar Measurements

Flavien Cornut, Laaziz El Amraoui, Juan Cuesta, Jérôme Blanc

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Atmospheric-Observing-System; Aerosol; High-Spectral-Resolution-lidar

Online: 13 December 2022 (09:51:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0118.v2

Evidence for the Magnetoionic Nature of Oblique VHF Reflections from Midlatitude Sporadic-E Layers

Chris Deacon, Cathryn Mitchell, Robert Watson, Ben Witvliet

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: sporadic-E; Es; ionosphere; mesosphere-lower thermosphere; VHF; polarization.

Online: 24 November 2022 (09:28:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0311.v1

High-Resolution Emissions From Wood Burning in Norway - The Effect of Cabin Emissions

Susana Lopez-Aparicio, Henrik Grythe, Miha Markelj

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: residential wood combustion; emission modelling; MetVed model; cabin heating; cabin development; mountain areas

Online: 16 November 2022 (12:54:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0126.v1

A Practical Approach for Determining Multi-Dimensional Spatial Rainfall Scaling Relations Using High Resolution Time Height Doppler Data from a Single Mobile Vertical Pointing Radar

A.R. Jameson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Time-height rainfall rate profiles from MRR radars; Advection correction for conversion to height-distance profiles, Computing radial power spectra using height-distance profiles; Using derived radial power spectra for downscaling and upscaling

Online: 7 November 2022 (12:52:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0118.v1

Evidence for the Magnetoionic Nature of Oblique VHF Reflections from Midlatitude Sporadic-E Layers

Chris Deacon, Cathryn Mitchell, Robert Watson, Ben Witvliet

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: sporadic-E; Es; ionosphere; mesosphere-lower thermosphere; VHF; polarization.

Online: 7 November 2022 (11:17:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0051.v1

Comparing Rain Gauge and Weather Radar Data in the Estimation of the Pluviometric Inflow from the Apennine Ridge to the Adriatic Coast (Abruzzo Region - Central Italy)

Diego Di Curzio, Alessia Di Giovanni, Raffaele Lidori, Mario Montopoli, Sergio Rusi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rain gauge; weather radar rain retrievals; ordinary Kriging; water budget; Central Italy

Online: 2 November 2022 (08:58:20 CET)

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Accurate knowledge of the rain amount is an crucial driver in several hydro-meteorological applications. This is especially true in complex orography territories, which are typically impervious, thus leaving ungauged most of the mountain areas. Thanks to their spatial and temporal coverage, weather radars can potentially overcome such an issue. However, weather radar, if not accurately processed, can suffer from several limitations (e.g., beam blocking, altitude of the observation, path attenuation, indirectness of the measurement) that can hamper the reliability of the rain estimates performed. In this study, a comparison between rain gauge and weather radar retrievals is performed in the target area of the Abruzzo region in Italy, which is characterized by a heterogeneous orography ranging from the sea side to Apennine ridge. Consequently, the Abruzzo region has an inhomogeneous distribution of the rain gauges, with station density decreasing with the altitude reaching up to approximately 1500 m a.s.l. Notwithstanding, pluviometric inflow spatial distribution shows a sub-regional dependency as a function of four climatic and altimetric factors: coastal, hilly, mountain, and inner plain areas (i.e., Marsica). Such areas are used in this analysis to characterize the radar retrieval vs. rain gauge amounts in each of those zones. Compared to previous studies on the topic, the analysis presented an attention to the importance of an accurate selection of the climatic and altimetric sub-regional areas where undertake the radar vs. rain gauge comparison. This aspect is not only of great importance to correct biases in radar retrievals in a more selective way, but it also paves the way for more accurate hydro-meteorological applications (e.g., hydrological model initialization, quantify the aquifers recharge etc.) which, in general, require the accurate knowledge of rain amounts upstream of a basin. To fill the gap caused by the uneven rain gauge distribution, Ordinary Kriging has been applied on a regional scale to obtain 2D maps of rainfall data, which are cumulated on a monthly and yearly base. Weather radar data from the Italian mosaic are considered as well, in terms of rain rate retrievals and cumulations performed on the same time frame used for rain gauges. The period considered for the analysis is two continuous years: 2017 and 2018. The output of the elaborations are raster maps for both radar and interpolated rain gauges, where every pixel contains a rainfall quantity. Although the results show a general underestimation in the weather radar data especially in mountain and Marsica areas, even though within the 95% confidence interval of the OK estimation. Our analysis highlights that the average bias between radar and rain gauges, in terms of precipitation amounts, is a function of altitude and is almost constant in each of the selected areas. This achievement suggests that after a proper selection of homogeneous target areas, the radar retrievals can be corrected using the denser network of rain gauges typically distributed at lower altitudes and extend such correction at higher altitudes without loss of generality.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0357.v1

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Dew and Rain in North-west Africa with Focus on Morocco: Past and Future Evolution (2005 – 2100)

Marc Muselli, Imad Lekouch, Daniel Beysens

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: dew rain evolution map; evapotranspiration evolution map; climate change; dew rain chemistry; northwestern Africa; Morocco

Online: 24 October 2022 (09:58:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0356.v1

Evolution of Ozone above Togo during the 1979-2020 Period

Koffi AYASSOU, Andrea Pazmiño, kokou Sabi, Ariane Bazureau, Sophie Godin-Beekmann

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ozone; MLR; Togo; MSR-2; total column ozone; trend

Online: 24 October 2022 (09:53:04 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0337.v1

Meteorological Evidence for Orbital Forcing of Global Weather and Climate

Joachim Seifert, Matthias Baritz, Frank Lemke

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Meteorological data; forcing fingerprints; weather forcasting; orbital forcing

Online: 21 October 2022 (11:44:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0322.v1

Automatic Center Detection of Tropical Cyclone using Image Processing based on the Operational Radar Network

Sun-Jin Mo, Ji-Young Gu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: TC center detection; image processing; optical flow; operational radar network; ACTION

Online: 21 October 2022 (07:38:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0176.v1

Aerosol Mineral Dust Pollution over Nicosia, Cyprus, April 2019

Yuliia Yukhymchuk, Gennadi Milinevsky, Ivan Syniavskyi, Ioana Popovici, Florin Unga, Jean Sciare, Franco Marenco, Michael Pikridas, Philippe Goloub

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: aerosol; AERONET; lidar; air pollution; sun-photometer

Online: 12 October 2022 (10:33:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0069.v2

The Effect of Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature Related to Climate Change

Ismail Cinar, Zeynep Ardahanlıoğlu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Fethiye-Göcek SEPA; Land use land cover change; Land surface temperature; Climate change

Online: 12 October 2022 (09:08:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0069.v1

The Effect of Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature Related to Climate Change

Ismail Cinar, Zeynep Ardahanlıoğlu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Fethiye-Göcek SEPA; Land use land cover change; Land surface temperature; Climate change

Online: 7 October 2022 (07:14:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202210.0035.v1

Atmospheric Ultrafine Particulate Matter (PM_0.1) Bound Carbon Composition in Bangkok, Thailand

Worradorn Phairuang, Surapa Hongtieab, Panwadee Suwattiga, Masami Furuuchi, Mitsuhiko Hata

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: PM0.1; ultrafine particles; carbon; biomass burning; vehicle exhaust

Online: 5 October 2022 (10:59:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0403.v2

Contributions of Nature-Based Solutions to Reducing Peoples’ Vulnerabilities to Climate Change across the Rural Global South

Stephen Woroniecki, Femke Anna Spiegelenberg, Alexandre Chausson, Beth Turner, Isabel Key, Haseeb Irfanullah, Nathalie Seddon

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Nature-based solutions; climate change adaptation; climate change vulnerability; social-ecological systems

Online: 20 September 2022 (12:35:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0186.v1

Machine Learning-Based Improvement of Aerosol Optical Depth from CHIMERE Simulations using MODIS Satellite Observations

Farouk Lemmouchi, Juan Cuesta, Mathieu Lachatre, Julien Brajard, Adriana Coman, Matthias Beekman, Claude Derognat

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: mineral dust; north African dust; Saharan dust; Bodélé depression; bias correction; machine learning; aerosol optical depth; chemistry-transport model; aerosols; particulate matter

Online: 14 September 2022 (03:02:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0145.v1

A New Look at Physico-Chemical Causes of Changing Climate: Is the Seasonal Variation in Seawater Temperature a Significant Factor in Establishing the Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in the Earth’s Atmosphere?

Ivan R. Kennedy, John W. Runcie, Shuo Zhang, Raymond J. Ritchie

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CO2; Keeling curve; Mauna Loa; carbonates; ocean pH; chemical potential; acidification 1

Online: 12 September 2022 (10:00:52 CEST)

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Seasonal oscillations in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the Earth’s atmosphere stronger in northern latitudes are assumed to show that terrestrial photosynthesis exceeds respiration in summer reducing the pCO2, but increasing in winter when respiration exceeds photosynthesis. We disagree, proposing that variations in the temperature of the surface mixing zone of seawater also regulate the atmospheric pCO2, thermodynamically. We show that carbonate (CO32-) concentrations will therefore increase in summer with CaCO3 (calcite or aragonite) becoming less soluble, so calcium and carbonate ions are predicted to aggregate more while CO2 concentration falls in warmer seawater, thermodynamically favoring lower atmospheric pCO2. In winter, these physical processes are reversed, redissolving suspended calcite thus increasing carbonate alkalinity; carbonate concentration lessens as bicarbonate and soluble CO2 increase, raising the pCO2 in air. Our numerical computation shows that thermal fluctuations in equilibria favor absorption from air of more than one mole of CO2 per square meter in summer, coinciding with calcite formation maximizing in warmer water, potentially augmenting limestone reefs if there is a trend for increasing temperature . Another assumption we challenge is that upwelling from deeper water is the sole cause of increases in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity in surface waters, particularly in the southern hemisphere. Instead, calcite dissolution is favored as water temperature falls near the surface. It is well established that the seasonal summer decline in atmospheric CO2 coincides in fertile seawater with higher rates of biotic calcification and acidity, allowing increased CO2 capture by photosynthesis. However, its reversal in winter is proposed to be also a result of the cyclic dissolution of calcite as temperature falls, facilitated by biogenic respiration now exceeding photosynthesis; this can mutually provide the CO2 needed to convert carbonate ion alkalinity from calcite dissolution with bicarbonate increasing. Physical reasons why this oscillation is more obvious in the northern hemisphere include greater seasonal variations in water temperature (ca. 7.1 oC) being almost twice that in the cooler southern hemisphere (ca. 4.7 oC) and the greater depth of the surface mixing zone of seawater in the southern oceans. Evidence from 13CO2 fluxes between surface seawater and air is also assessed to test this hypothesis but questions remain regarding the regional rates of inorganic precipitation and dissolution of CaCO3 in the mixing zone. In summary, rapid biogenic calcification is favored by summer photosynthesis, but slower abiogenic calcification is more likely in warmer water.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0108.v1

Selection of CMIP6 Climate Models Using Statistical and Data Mining Approaches, Case of Upper Awash Sub-Basin (UASB), Ethiopia

Yonas Abebe Balcha, Andreas Malcherek, Tena Alamirew

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: GCMs; PDF; Trend Test; IDW; QM; PCA; DTW; bias correction; Ethiopia; climate change

Online: 7 September 2022 (10:18:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0072.v1

Modeling the Regional Effects of Climate Change on Future Urban Ozone Air Quality in Tehran, Iran

Ehsan Mosadegh, Iman Babaeian, Khosro Ashrafi, Majid Shafiepour Motlagh

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Ozone; climate change; air quality modeling; artificial neural networks; statistical downscaling; Tehran

Online: 6 September 2022 (02:36:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0540.v1

The Rain-induced Urban Waterlogging Risk and its Evaluation: A Case Study in the Central City of Shanghai

Lanjun Zou, Zhi Wang, Qinjing Lu, Shenglan Wu, Lei Chen, Zhengkun Qin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: urban waterlogging risk; extreme rain; drainage capacity; Shanghai

Online: 31 August 2022 (08:55:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0536.v1

Prediction of Bay of Bengal Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm "Fani” Using Moving Nested Domain

Kuvar Satya Singh, Sridhara Nayak, Suman Maity, Hara Prasad Nayak, Soma Dutta

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: WRF model; Moving-nest; Fani; Bay of Bengal; Wind Speed

Online: 31 August 2022 (07:48:18 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0446.v1

Intramolecular Isotope Analysis enables Multivariate Climate Reconstructions

Thomas Wieloch, Jun Yu, Jürgen Schleucher, Totte Niittylä

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate reconstruction; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; paleoclimate information; stable isotope analysis; tree rings

Online: 26 August 2022 (04:26:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0400.v1

Comparison of S5P/TROPOMI Inferred NO₂ Surface Concentrations with in-situ Measurements over Central Europe

Andreas Pseftogkas, Maria-Elissavet Koukouli, Arjo Segers, Astrid Manders, Jos Van Geffen, Dimitris Balis, Charikleia Meleti, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Henk Eskes

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: remote sensing; air-quality; S5P/TROPOMI; LOTOS-EUROS; EEA; NO2 surface concentration

Online: 23 August 2022 (11:40:33 CEST)

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the surface concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) inferred from the Sentinel-5 Precursor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (S5P/TROPOMI) NO2 tropospheric column densities over Central Europe for two time periods, the summer of 2019 and the winter of 2019-2020. Simulations of the NO2 tropospheric vertical column densities and surface concentrations from the LOng-Term Ozone Simulation – EURopean Operational Smog (LOTOS-EUROS) chemical transport model are also applied in the methodology. More than two hundred in-situ air quality monitoring stations, reporting to the European Environment Agency (EEA) air quality database, are used to carry out comparisons with the model simulations and the space-borne inferred surface concentrations. Stations are separated into seven types (urban traffic, suburban traffic, urban background, suburban background, rural background, suburban industrial and rural industrial) in order to examine the strengths and shortcomings of the different air quality markers, namely the NO2 vertical column densities and NO2 surface concentrations. S5P/TROPOMI NO2 surface concentrations are inferred by multiplying the fraction of the satellite and model NO2 vertical column densities with the model surface concentrations. The estimated inferred TROPOMI NO2 surface concentrations are examined further with the altering of three influencing factors: the model vertical levelling scheme, the versions of the TROPOMI NO2 data and the air mass factors applied to the satellite and model NO2 vertical column densities. Overall, the inferred TROPOMI NO2 surface concentrations show a better correlation with the in-situ measurements for both time periods and all station types, especially for the industrial stations (R>0.6) in winter. The calculated correlation for background stations is moderate for both periods (R~0.5 in summer and R>0.5 in winter), whereas for traffic stations it improves in the winter (from 0.20 to 0.50). After the implementation of the air mass factors from the local model, the bias is significantly reduced for most of the station types, especially in winter for the background stations, ranging from +0.49% for the urban background to +10.37% for the rural background stations. The mean relative bias in winter between the inferred S5P/TROPOMI NO2 surface concentrations and the ground-based measurements for industrial stations is about -15%, whereas for traffic urban stations it is approximately -25%. In summertime, biases are generally higher for all station types, especially for the traffic stations (~ -75%), ranging from -54% to -30% for the background and industrial stations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0389.v1

A Lagrange-Laplace Integration Scheme for Weather Prediction and Climate Modelling

Peter Lynch

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Numerical weather prediction; Time integration; Filtering; Laplace transform; semi-implicit; semi-Lagrangian; Forecast accuracy

Online: 23 August 2022 (03:13:59 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0360.v1

Two Decades-long Satellite Observations of Carbon Monoxide Confirm the Northern Hemispheric Wildfires Increase

Leonid Yurganov, Vadim Rakitin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Thermal Infrared satellite data; carbon monoxide; boreal fires; carbon dioxide

Online: 19 August 2022 (08:27:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0214.v1

Agroclimatic Zone-Based Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Trends and Variability in the Wabi Shebele River Basin, Ethiopia.

Abebe Teklu Toni, Andreas Malcherek, Asfaw Kebede Kassa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: agroclimatic zone; trend analysis; modified MK; ITA; Wabi Shebele

Online: 11 August 2022 (08:52:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0417.v1

Present and future changes of winter cyclonic activity in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region in the 21st century in CMIP6 models’ ensemble

Elena N. Voskresenskaya, Veronika N. Maslova, Andrey S. Lubkov, Viktor Y. Zhuravskiy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: storm tracks; track density; cyclogenesis areas; climate variability and change; the North Atlantic Oscillation; the East Atlantic–West Russia pattern

Online: 27 July 2022 (10:00:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0356.v1

Mscligan- A Structure-Informed Generative Adversarial Model for Multi-Site Statistical Downscaling of Extreme Precipitation -Using Multi-Model Ensemble

Chiranjib Chaudhuri, Colin Robertson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Multi-site statistical downscaling; Generative Adversarial Network; Combination of Errors; Convolutional Neural Network; Struc-tural Similarity Index; Wasserstein GAN; extreme precipitation

Online: 25 July 2022 (07:59:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0325.v1

Spatial Frequency Analysis by Adopting Regional Analysis with Radar Rainfall in Taiwan

Che-Hao Chang, Riki Rahmad, Shiang-Jen Wu, Chih-Tsung Hsu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Rainfall; QPESUMS; Regional Frequency Analysis; L-moments; Taiwan

Online: 21 July 2022 (10:53:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0287.v1

Coupling of the Earth’s Surfaces to the Lower Atmospheres

David Roy Fitzjarrald

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: turbulence and thermals; atmospheric boundary layer

Online: 19 July 2022 (10:49:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0045.v2

A Retrospective Satellite Analysis of the June 2012 North American Derecho

Kenneth Pryor, Belay Demoz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Satellite meteorology; severe thunderstorms; downbursts; derechos

Online: 15 July 2022 (09:55:51 CEST)

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Severe windstorms resulting from mesoscale convective systems (MCS) cause significant disruption to society, including widespread power outages, tree and structural damage, and transportation accidents that affect multi-state regions and metropolitan areas along their track. A derecho, defined as a long-lived, widespread severe convective windstorm, is composed of numerous downbursts (intense localized storm downdrafts) organized into clusters or families of clusters. Derechos can produce winds above hurricane force along a track that may exceed several hundred kilometers. Convective windstorm potential has been expressed as a grouping of stability parameters that are relevant for downburst generation. These include lower-to-mid-tropospheric and equivalent potential temperature (θe) lapse rates, vertical relative humidity differences, and the amount of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the troposphere. One major environmental factor addressed in the generation of widespread severe convective winds is an elevated mixed layer and its associated instability that promotes powerful storm updrafts and downdrafts. Another critical factor is developing a rear-inflow jet into an MCS that channels unsaturated mid-tropospheric air into the leading convective storm line. Establishing an elevated, ascending front-to-rear flow originating from deep, moist convection, overlying a strong and deep outflow-induced cold pool has been found to generate and sustain a robust rear inflow jet. The North American Derecho of 29-30 June 2012 exhibits many classic progressive and serial derecho features. It remains as one of the highest-impact derecho-producing convective systems (DCS) over CONUS since 2000. This research effort enhances the understanding of the science of operational forecasting of severe windstorms through examples of employing new satellite and ground-based microwave and vertical wind profile data. During the track of the derecho from the upper Midwestern U.S. through the mid-Atlantic region on 29 June 2012, clear signatures associated with a severe MCS were apparent in polar satellite imagery, especially from the EPS METOP-A Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS), Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) and NASA TERRA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). In addition, morning (descending node) and the evening (ascending node) METOP-A Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) soundings are compared to soundings from surface-based Radiometrics Corporation MP-3000 series microwave radiometer profilers (MWRPs) along the track of the derecho system. The co-located IASI and MWRP soundings revealed a pre-convective environment that indicated a favorable volatile tropospheric profile for severe downburst wind generation. An important outcome of this study will be to formulate a functional relationship between satellite-derived parameters and signatures, and severe convective wind occurrence. In summary, a comprehensive approach to observational data analysis involves both surface- and satellite-based instrumentation. Because this approach utilizes operational products available to weather service forecasters, it can feasibly be used for monitoring and forecasting local-scale downburst occurrence within derecho systems, as well as larger-scale convective wind intensity associated with the entire DCS.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0158.v1

Evaluation of Surface Water Resource Availability under the Impact of Climate Change in the Dhidhessa Sub-Basin, Ethiopia

Damtew Degefe Merga, Dereje Adeba, Motuma Shiferaw Regasa, Megersa Kebede Leta

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Dhidhessa; Sub-basin; RCP; stream flow; SWAT; Climate Models; Surface Water Availability; Scenario

Online: 11 July 2022 (10:15:11 CEST)

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The main target of this study was to evaluate the impact of future climate change on the available surface water resources in the Dhidhessa Sub-basin, Abbay Basin, Ethiopia. For the prediction, high-resolution Regional Climate Models (RCMs) from multiple climate models with data from Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) prepared by the CCAFS were used. The predictions of future discharge (stream flow) were based on climate scenarios data of baseline period of 1991 to 2020 and for the future with two time windows, 2044 (2030–2059) and 2084 (2070–2099), on a monthly time step after bias correction was conducted to both precipitation and temperature in the future climate under each RCP scenario. After sensitivity analysis, calibration (1994–2011), and validation (2012–2020) of the model for the Dhidhessa Sub-basin with the SUFI-2 program in the SWAT-CUP model, the SWAT model was used to determine water balance and stream flow from the SWAT model system. The SWAT model performed well in predicting stream flow in the Dhidhessa Sub-basins, with a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.8 to 0.94 and a Nash Sutcliffe value (NSE) ranging from 0.76 to 0.89. The percent decrease in mean annual stream flow from 2044 and 2084 were 10 %, in 2044, and 6.3% in 2084 respectively. The seasonal result under short-term 2044 of stream flow present change significantly decreased in spring, winter, and autumn with 20.2%, 67.4%, and 67.4% respectively. While summer season increased by 43.1%, under short-term 204. In long-term 2084 percent change declined except summer seasons, with 14.7%, 58.1%, and 3.3%, change in spring, winter, and autumn, respectively, and summer, with 51.1% increased and With RCP4.5 (1.64%) and RCP8.5 (2.1%) changed. In the future Dhidhessa stream flow increases and decreases from the baseline era. The decreasing stream flow in 2044 and 2084 will negatively affect agricultural production. This study revealed that any effect on this river resulting in a drop in flow will have a direct impact on ongoing water resource development and socio-economic development of the area.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0146.v2

Reliability of Satellite-Based Rainfall Products for Water Management Studies: the Case of The Ankavia River Basin in Madagascar

Zonirina Ramahaimandimby, Alain Randriamaherisoa, François Jonard, Marnik Vanclooster, Charles Bielders

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Madagascar; GIRE SAVA; Ankavia; satellite precipitation products; IMERG

Online: 11 July 2022 (09:43:47 CEST)

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Hydrological modeling for water management in large watersheds requires accurate spatially-distributed rainfall time series. In case of low coverage density of ground-based measurements, satellite precipitation products (SPP) constitute an attractive alternative, the quality of which must nevertheless be verified. The objective of this study was to evaluate, at different time scales, the reliability of six SPPs against a 2-year record from a network of 14 rainfall gauges located in the Ankavia catchment (Madagascar). The SPPs considered in this study are the African Rainfall Estimate Climatology (ARC2), the Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), the ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA5), the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and the African Rainfall Estimation (REF2) products. The results suggest that IMERG (R² = 0.63, slope of linear regression a = 0.96, root mean square error RMSE = 12 mm/day, mean absolute error MAE = 5.5 mm/day) outperforms other SPPs at the daily scale, followed by REF2 (R² = 0.41, a = 0.94, RMSE = 15 mm/day, MAE = 6 mm/day) and ARC2 (R² = 0.30, a = 0.88, RMSE = 16 mm/day, MAE = 6.7 mm/day). All SPPs, with the exception of the ERA5, overestimate the ‘no rain’ class (0 – 0.2 mm/day). ARC2, IMERG, PERSIANN, and REF2 all underestimate rainfall occurrence in the 0.2 – 150 mm/day rainfall range, whilst CHIRPS and ERA5 overestimate it. Only CHIRPS and PERSIANN could estimate extreme rainfall (>150 mm/day) satisfactorily. According to the Critical Success Index (CSI) categorical statistical measure, IMERG performs quite well in detecting rain events in the range 2-150 mm/day, whereas PERSIANN outperforms IMERG for rain events larger than 150 mm/day. Because it performs best at daily scale, only IMERG was evaluated for time scales other than daily. At the yearly and monthly time scales, the performance is good with R² = 0.97 and 0.87, respectively. At the event time scale, the probability distribution function PDF of rain gauge values and IMERG data show good agreement. However, at hourly time scale, the correlation between ground-based measurements and IMERG data becomes poor (R² = 0.20). Overall, the IMERG product can be regarded as the most reliable satellite precipitation source at monthly, daily and event time scales for hydrological applications in the study area, but the poor agreement at hourly time scale and the inability to detect extreme rainfall >200 mm/day may nevertheless restrict its use.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0146.v1

Reliability of Satellite-Based Rainfall Products for Water Man-agement Studies: the Case of The Ankavia River Basin in Madagascar

Zonirina Ramahaimandimby, Alain Randriamaherisoa, François Jonard, Marnik Vanclooster, Charles Bielders

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Madagascar, GIRE SAVA; Ankavia, satellite precipitation products, IMERG

Online: 11 July 2022 (03:33:52 CEST)

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Hydrological modeling for water management in large watersheds requires accurate spatially-distributed rainfall time series. In case of low coverage density of ground-based measurements, satellite precipitation products (SPP) constitute an attractive alternative, the quality of which must nevertheless be verified. The objective of this study was to evaluate, at different time scales, the reliability of six SPPs against a 2-year record from a network of 14 rainfall gauges located in the Ankavia catchment (Madagascar). The SPPs considered in this study are the African Rainfall Estimate Climatology (ARC2), the Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), the ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA5), the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and the African Rainfall Estimation (REF2) products. The results suggest that IMERG (R² = 0.63, slope of linear regression a = 0.96, root mean square error RMSE = 12 mm/day, mean absolute error MAE = 5.5 mm/day) outperforms other SPPs at the daily scale, followed by REF2 (R² = 0.41, a = 0.94, RMSE = 15 mm/day, MAE = 6 mm/day) and ARC2 (R² = 0.30, a = 0.88, RMSE = 16 mm/day, MAE = 6.7 mm/day). All SPPs, with the exception of the ERA5, overestimate the ‘no rain’ class (0 – 0.2 mm/day). ARC2, IMERG, PERSIANN, and REF2 all underestimate rainfall occurrence in the 0.2 – 150 mm/day rainfall range, whilst CHIRPS and ERA5 overestimate it. Only CHIRPS and PERSIANN could estimate extreme rainfall (>150 mm/day) satisfactorily. According to the Critical Success Index (CSI) categorical statistical measure, IMERG performs quite well in detecting rain events in the range 2-150 mm/day, whereas PERSIANN outperforms IMERG for rain events larger than 150 mm/day. Because it performs best at daily scale, only IMERG was evaluated for time scales other than daily. At the yearly and monthly time scales, the performance is good with R² = 0.97 and 0.87, respectively. At the event time scale, the probability distribution function PDF of rain gauge values and IMERG data show good agreement. However, at hourly time scale, the correlation between ground-based measurements and IMERG data becomes poor (R2 = 0.20). Overall, the IMERG product can be regarded as the most reliable satellite precipitation source at monthly, daily and event time scales for hydrological applications in the study area, but the poor agreement at hourly time scale and the inability to detect extreme rainfall >200 mm/day may nevertheless restrict its use.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0115.v1

Application of Artificial Intelligence Models for Aeolian Dust Prediction at Different Temporal Scales: A Case with Limited Climatic Data

Yog Aryal

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; ANFIS; MLP-NN; aeolian dust

Online: 7 July 2022 (07:52:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0077.v1

Deep Learning to Near-Surface Humidity Retrieval from Multi-sensor Remote Sensing Data over the China Seas

Rongwang Zhang, Weihao Guo, Xiaofeng Li, Xin Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: near-surface humidity; remote sensing; deep learning; China Seas

Online: 5 July 2022 (13:46:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0399.v1

Theoretical Perspectives on the Gas-phase Oxidation Mechanism and Kinetics of Carbazole Initiated by OH Radical in the Atmosphere

Zhuochao Teng, Xiaotong Wang, Mohammad Hassan Hadizadeh, Yanan Han, Xianwei Zhao, Qi Zhang, Hetong Wang, Ying Li, Fei Xu, Yanhui Sun

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: carbazole; OH radical; rate constants; oxidation mechanism; density functional theory (DFT)

Online: 29 June 2022 (08:19:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0340.v1

Heterogeneity of On-Road Traffic Emissions in Norway: A Model for Transition

Henrik Grythe, Susana Lopez-Aparicio, Harald Høyem, Torleif Weydahl

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: bottom-up emission modelling; CO2; NOx; on-road traffic; electrification

Online: 24 June 2022 (15:10:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0238.v1

End-to-End Prediction of Lightning Events from Geostationary Satellite Images

Sebastian Brodehl, Richard Müller, Elmar Schömer, Peter Spichtinger, Michael Wand

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: neural networks; satellite images; class imbalance; feature attribution; lightning prediction; nowcasting; short-term forecasts; machine learning; meteorology

Online: 16 June 2022 (10:48:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0159.v1

Radial Power Spectral Characterizations of Near Surface Rainfall Rates Using Time-Height Vertically Pointing Doppler Radar Measurements

A. R. Jameson, Michael Larsen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Raindrop size distributions (DSD) from Doppler radar; Computing radial power spectra using radar Doppler spectra; Vertical pointing Doppler rain observations.

Online: 10 June 2022 (10:21:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0106.v1

Understanding Opportunities for Urban Forest Expansion to Inform Goals: Working Toward a Virtuous Cycle in New York City

Michael L. Treglia, Natalia C. Piland, Karen Leu, Alaina Van Slooten, Emily Nobel Maxwell

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: social ecological system; tree canopy goal; urban conservation; urban forest equity; urban forest goals; urban tree canopy

Online: 7 June 2022 (11:08:20 CEST)

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Urban forests are critical infrastructure for mitigating environmental and social challenges cities face. Municipalities and non-governmental entities, among others, often set goals (e.g., tree planting or canopy targets) to support urban forests and their benefits. We focus on canopy goals and develop conceptual underpinnings for an analysis of where additional canopy, as one important dimension of the urban forest, can fit within the landscape, while considering factors that influence where trees can be planted and where canopy can grow – ‘practical canopy.’ We apply this in New York City (NYC) to inform the setting of a canopy goal by the NYC Urban Forest Task Force (UFTF) for the NYC Urban Forest Agenda, which may trigger a virtuous cycle that supports the urban forest there. We further develop framing for a ‘priority canopy’ analysis to understand where urban forest expansion should be prioritized given more context (e.g., environmental hazards, local preferences), which can inform how expansion of the urban forest is achieved. We estimate an opportunity for 15,899 ha of new canopy in NYC given existing opportunities and constraints (practical canopy), which, if leveraged, could result in nearly doubling the canopy as of 2017 (17,253 ha). However, like existing canopy, practical canopy is not evenly distributed, in general, or across jurisdictions and land uses. Relying solely on areas identified as practical canopy to expand the urban forest would exacerbate inequities in its distribution. We discuss how the NYC UFTF established an aspirational but achievable goal of 30% canopy cover by 2035, which was informed by this analysis and guided by priorities of equity, health, and resilience. Achievement of this goal will ultimately require a combination of protecting and stewarding the existing resource, and leveraging opportunities for tree planting. Achieving a more equitable urban forest will also require identification of priority canopy, and, in cases, creation of new opportunities for tree planting and canopy expansion. Overall, the collaborative establishment of such goals based on local context can be instrumental in creating a virtuous cycle, moving conservation actors toward exercising influence and agency within the social ecological system.

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0078.v1

Fundamentals of Climatology for Engineers

Shiblu Sarker

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Climate and Weather; Climate Model; Heat Transport; Radiation Balance; Atmospheric circulation; sea surface temperature; Planetary boundary layer; El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

Online: 6 June 2022 (09:38:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0070.v1

AIRS Satellite CO Data Confirm the Increase in Wildfires in the Northern Hemisphere Over the Past Two Decades

Leonid Yurganov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Thermal Infrared satellite data; carbon monoxide; boreal fires; carbon dioxide

Online: 6 June 2022 (08:39:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0045.v1

A Retrospective Satellite Analysis of the June 2012 North American Derecho

Kenneth Pryor, Belay Demoz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Satellite meteorology; severe thunderstorms; downbursts; derechos

Online: 3 June 2022 (10:30:02 CEST)

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Severe windstorms resulting from mesoscale convective systems (MCS) cause significant disruption to society, including widespread power outages, tree and structural damage, and transportation accidents that affect multi-state regions and metropolitan areas along their track. A derecho, defined as a long-lived, widespread severe convective windstorm, is composed of numerous downbursts (intense localized storm downdrafts) organized into clusters or families of clusters. Derechos can produce winds above hurricane force along a track that may exceed several hundred kilometers. Convective windstorm potential has been expressed as a grouping of stability parameters that are relevant for downburst generation. These include lower-to-mid-tropospheric and equivalent potential temperature (θe) lapse rates, vertical relative humidity differences, and the amount of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the troposphere. One major environmental factor addressed in the generation of widespread severe convective winds is an elevated mixed layer and its associated instability that promotes powerful storm updrafts and downdrafts. Another critical factor is developing a rear-inflow jet into an MCS that channels unsaturated mid-tropospheric air into the leading convective storm line. Establishing an elevated, ascending front-to-rear flow originating from deep, moist convection, overlying a strong and deep outflow-induced cold pool has been found to generate and sustain a robust rear inflow jet. The North American Derecho of 29-30 June 2012 exhibits many classic progressive and serial derecho features. It remains as one of the highest-impact derecho-producing convective systems (DCS) over CONUS since 2000. This research effort enhances the understanding of the science of operational forecasting of severe windstorms through examples of employing new satellite and ground-based microwave and vertical wind profile data. During the track of the derecho from the upper Midwestern U.S. through the mid-Atlantic region on 29 June 2012, clear signatures associated with a severe MCS were apparent in polar satellite imagery, especially from the EPS METOP-A Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS), Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) and NASA TERRA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). In addition, morning (descending node) and the evening (ascending node) METOP-A Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) soundings are compared to soundings from surface-based Radiometrics Corporation MP-3000 series microwave radiometer profilers (MWRPs) along the track of the derecho system. The co-located IASI and MWRP soundings revealed a pre-convective environment that indicated a favorable volatile tropospheric profile for severe downburst wind generation. An important outcome of this study will be to formulate a functional relationship between satellite-derived parameters and signatures, and severe convective wind occurrence. In summary, a comprehensive approach to observational data analysis involves both surface- and satellite-based instrumentation. Because this approach utilizes operational products available to weather service forecasters, it can feasibly be used for monitoring and forecasting local-scale downburst occurrence within derecho systems, as well as larger-scale convective wind intensity associated with the entire DCS.

Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0008.v1

A Novel Approach for the Global Detection and Nowcasting of Deep Convection and Thunderstorms

Richard Müller, Axel Barleben, Stéphane Haussler, Matthias Jerg

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Thunderstorms; Cumulonimbus; Convection; Nowcasting; Lightning

Online: 1 June 2022 (08:25:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0172.v1

Atmospheric CO₂: A Finite Reservoir Model Reproduces ¹⁴C / ¹³C over Two Centuries and Indicates the Fossil-Fuel Anthropogenic Contribution

Stephen Taylor

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CO2 residence-time; CO2 lifetime; carbon cycle; CO2 atmospheric flux; anthropogenic emissions; global warming; climate change

Online: 12 May 2022 (14:24:08 CEST)

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Environmental and Earth Sciences