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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0549.v1

Hydraulic Response and Overtopping Performance of Single-Layer Double-Cube Unit Armored Mound Breakwater

Iman Safari, Dominique Mouazé, Soroush Aliasgary, Guillaume Carpentier, François Ropert

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: Armor unit; Hydraulic Stability; Hydraulic performance; Turbulence; Roughness; Marine structures

Online: 7 June 2023 (12:07:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0546.v1

Improving the Efficiency of Radar Method for Monitoring Oil Spills on the Water Surface through the Use of an Active Antenna Array and Cosecant-squared Pattern

Vadim Anatolievich Shpenst, Artem Alekseevich Khalturin

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: remote sensing; oil spills; radar; phased active antenna array; cosecant-squared pattern diagram

Online: 7 June 2023 (11:47:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0541.v1

The Adoption of a Machine Learning Approach in a Big Data Concept to Predict Project Cost Budgeting in the Thai Auction Process of Procurement Management for a Construction Project

Wuttipong Kusonkhum, Korb Srinavin, Tanayut Chaitongrat

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Artificial neural network; Procurement management; Construction budgeting; Machine learning

Online: 7 June 2023 (10:50:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0538.v1

Path Planning for Perpendicular Parking of Large Articulated Vehicles Based on Qualitative Kinematics and Geometric Methods

Inhwan Han

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: large articulated vehicles; automated perpendicular parking; geometric path plans; empirical methods; articulation angles; qualitative kinematics; uncertainties

Online: 7 June 2023 (10:44:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0529.v1

A Comparative Study on the Performance of Security Mechanisms in Internet of Things Devices

Moser José

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Internet of Things; Performance; Raspberry Pi; Security; Devices; OpenSSL; Hash functions; Tests.

Online: 7 June 2023 (09:37:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0514.v1

Performance Improvement of a Solar Assisted Absorption Cooling System Integrated with Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage

Lana Migla, Raimonds Bogdanovics, Kristina Lebedeva

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: LHTES; PCM; solar energy; solar cooling system

Online: 7 June 2023 (08:29:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0509.v1

Effect of Carbon Dioxide Injection on Limestone Permeability Damage Induced by Alumina Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications

Ragheed Alali, Kazunori Abe, Khawaja Naweed Seddiqi, Hikari Fujii

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: nanoparticles enhanced oil recovery; pH control; alumina nanoparticles; permeability damage; transportability and retention

Online: 7 June 2023 (08:12:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0505.v1

A Free Space Material Measurement System

Renukka Sivakumar, Saidatul Norlyana Azemi, Lee Yengseng, Kok Yeow You, Ping Jack Soh

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: material measurement techniques; dielectric properties; free space measurement systems.

Online: 7 June 2023 (07:53:41 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0492.v1

Systematic Model Complexity Reduction by Elimination of Irrelevant Layers in Convolutional Neural Networks

Krishna Chaitanya Gadepally, Sambandh Bhusan Dhal, Stavros Kalafatis, Kevin Nowka

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: strongest activations; image complexity; convolution

Online: 7 June 2023 (05:42:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0491.v1

Further Explanation on the Excitation Mechanism of Stay Cable Vibration in Dry Conditions

Duy Thao Nguyen, Duy Hung Vo

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Dry-state galloping; excitation mechanism; Karman vortex; low-frequency-vortices; shedding correlation; along-wind component; vertical-wind component

Online: 7 June 2023 (05:33:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0489.v1

Development and Design of an Optical-Electronic System of Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Inclined Fiber Bragg Gratings

Aliya Kalizhanova, Ainur Kozbakova, Waldemar Wojcik, Murat Kunelbayev, Zhalau Aitkulov

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: fiber-optic sensor; optoelectronic system; light source controller; optical power detector.

Online: 7 June 2023 (05:19:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0466.v1

The Role of Active Design Approach in Improving the Environmental Psychology of a Healthy Built Environment: The Case-University Campus

Sweyda Abdullah Azeez, Faris Ali Mustafa, Rizgar Maghded Ahmad

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Environmental psychology; Active design; Physical activity; University campus; Factor analysis; ANOVA

Online: 6 June 2023 (14:46:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0457.v1

Novel Arrangement for Pin-Fin Heat Sinks for Improves the Optimization of Thermal Dissipation

Juan Pablo Ramirez, Martin Nieto

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Heat sinks; Global thermal resistance; Pressure drop; Nusselt number; Fin- deflectors; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Online: 6 June 2023 (12:06:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0443.v1

Legal Implications of Smart Grid Energy Management on System: Sustainability, Privacy, Security, and Regulatory Challenges

Yunyun Wen, Dandan Xu, Bahram Dehghan

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Energy management; smart grid; sustainability; heuristic optimization algorithm; peak to average rations; user comfort

Online: 6 June 2023 (10:19:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0436.v1

A review on behavior and fatigue performance of orthotropic Steel-UHPC Composite Deck

Zhiwen Zhu, Ruixu Zhu, Ze Xiang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Composite Deck; OSD; UHPC; stress behavior; fatigue; shear connection

Online: 6 June 2023 (10:02:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0425.v1

Impact of wind generation in the transformation centers of low voltage distribution networks using Opal-RT 5600

Javier Cabrera, Carlos Guerrero, Esteban Franco, Gabriela Araujo

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Wind energy; voltage profile; distribution network; simulation

Online: 6 June 2023 (09:35:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0409.v1

Verification of the Mode Decomposition Technique for the Closely Distributed Modal System in State Space

Jungtae Noh, Jae-Seung Hwang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: State-space model; Closely spaced modes; Mode decomposition; Structure-tuned mass damper system; Operational Modal Analysis of high rise building

Online: 6 June 2023 (08:50:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0412.v1

Synthesis and Preparation of Nanocomposites of Polyacrylamide Nanofluids in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Hamid Shahbazpanahi

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Nanofluids; Clay; Nanocomposites; Polyacrylamide; Enhanced Oil Recovery

Online: 6 June 2023 (08:15:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0410.v1

Statistical Modeling for Fatigue Life

D. Gary Harlow

Subject: Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability And Quality Keywords: fatigue life; mean square error; statistical modeling; stress – life modeling; Weibull distribution function

Online: 6 June 2023 (08:14:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0408.v1

Engineering Heterogeneous Nucleation During Solidification of Multiphase Cast Alloys: An Overview

Simon N. Lekakh, Jingjing Qing

Subject: Engineering, Metallurgy And Metallurgical Engineering Keywords: heterogeneous nucleation 1; solidification 2; structure modification 3; cast alloys 4; cast iron with spheroidal graphite 5; alloys with primary crystalline phase 6

Online: 6 June 2023 (08:12:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0400.v1

Modeling the Electromagnetic Fields of 25 kV Traction Networks Under Emergency Conditions

Konstantin Suslov, Andrey Kryukov, Ekaterina Voronina, Azat Akhmetshin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: power supply systems for AC railways; emergency conditions; electromagnetic fields near supports; modeling; electromagnetic safety

Online: 6 June 2023 (07:54:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0374.v1

Layout Dependence Stress Investigation In Through Glass via Interposer Architecture Using Submodeling Simulation Technique and Factorial Design Approach

Shih-Hung Wang, Wensyang Hsu, Yan-Yu Liou, Pei-Chen Huang, Chang-Chun Lee

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Multi-chiplet; TGV; Finite element analysis; Submodeling technique; Analysis of variance

Online: 6 June 2023 (04:06:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0367.v1

Design of Antenna Polarization Plane for Concurrent Uplink/Downlink Drone Networks

Gia Khanh Tran, Takuma Okada

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: Aerial base station; Multiple drones; Circular polarization; Two-ray model; Antennas

Online: 6 June 2023 (03:46:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0351.v1

Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Car With a Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses

Fathia Karoui, Bertrand Chambion, Fabrice Claudon, Benjamin Commault

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: VIPV; passenger car; life cycle assessment; mileage; electrical architecture; thresholds; model; losses; shading; carbon footprint

Online: 5 June 2023 (16:25:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0344.v1

A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Defects on Perovskite Solar Cell Performance

Hajar Kh Ibrahim, Ahmed M A Sabaawi, Qais Th Aljwari

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: defect density; capture cross-section; perovskite solar cell; SCAPS, interfaces.

Online: 5 June 2023 (16:06:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0343.v1

Design and Implementation of a Versatile openHab IoT Testbed with a Variety of Wireless Interfaces and Sensors

Sotirios Tsakalidis, George Tsoulos, Dimitrios Kontaxis, Georgia Athanasiadou

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: IoT; OpenHAB; Sensors; Wireless communication; Energy efficiency; Occupant comfort; Smart building; Data analysis

Online: 5 June 2023 (16:04:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0340.v1

Estimation of Height Changes of Continuous GNSS Stations in the Eastern Anatolia Region During the Seasonal Variation

Nihal Tekin Ünlütürk, Uğur Doğan

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: GNSS height component; GNSS time series; velocity estimation; meteorological parameters; simple linear regression; autoregressive moving average

Online: 5 June 2023 (14:58:42 CEST)

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It is common knowledge that estimating the height component of GNSS stations in general is much more problematic than estimating the horizontal position. Many different effects, such as tectonic signals, non-tectonic signals, atmospheric delay, noise, etc., are known to affect the height component of GNSS stations more than the horizontal component. However, the height component of GNSS stations is still poorly estimated. In this study, the height time series of 37 continuous GNSS stations covering the 2014–2019 date range is used from the Turkish National Permanent GNSS Network-Active (TUSAGA-Active). Since it is easier to interpret the effects of the height component due to its topographic features and seasonal changes being more effective than in the rest of the country, stations were chosen in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The daily coordinates of the GNSS stations were obtained as a result of the GAMIT/GLOBK software solution. By applying time series analysis to the daily coordinate values of the stations, statistically significant trends, periodic and stochastic components of the stations were determined. As a result of the analysis, the vertical velocities of the GNSS stations and the standard deviations of the vertical velocities were determined. Furthermore, when the height components of continuous GNSS stations were examined, it was seen that there were seasonal effects, and it was investigated whether the height components were related to meteorological parameters. For that, simple linear regression analysis was performed to determine how dependent the height components of the continuous GNSS stations were on meteorological parameters. As a result of the analysis, the height components of the continuous GNSS stations are dependent on meteorological parameters such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation. In addition, height component time series analysis of continuous GNSS stations was performed by using Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models from linear time series methods. As a result of the study, the performance of the ARMA modeling results again indicated the dependence of the height component of the continuous GNSS stations on the meteorological parameters.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0334.v1

Exploring Fuel Flexibility of Sputtered Thin Barrier Layers SOFC Cells: The Effect of Direct Ammonia Feeding on the Performances

Nunzia Coppola, Bertrand Morel, Giovanni Carapella, Dario Montinaro, Alice Galdi, Sami Ur Rehman, Pierpaolo Polverino, Cesare Pianese, Julie Mougin, Luigi Maritato

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: sofc; ammonia; sputtered barrier layers; fuel flexibility

Online: 5 June 2023 (14:27:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0331.v1

Design of Airfield Rigid Pavement Condition Monitoring and Sensing System

Yong Luo, Mustafasanie Bin M Yussof

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: strain sensor; monitoring; the pavement; perception system

Online: 5 June 2023 (13:58:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1217.v2

Assessment of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Materials—Part 2: Perlite Concrete

Dorina Nicolina Isopescu, Alexandra Cojocaru, Ioana-Roxana Baciu, Sebastian George Maxineasa, Sergiu George Petre

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: sustainability; cement-based materials; concrete; perlite; physico-mechanical properties; energy performance

Online: 5 June 2023 (10:57:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0307.v1

Near-Field Coupling Effect Analysis of SMD Inductor Using 3D-EM model

GyeongRyun Choi, HyongJoo Kim, Yonggi Hong, Joosung Hwang, Euihyuk Kim, Wansoo Nah

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: SMD inductor; loss tangent; effective permeability; Near-field coupling

Online: 5 June 2023 (10:30:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0271.v1

The Potential of Replacing Concrete with Sand and Recycled Polycarbonate Composites: Compressive Strength Testing

Morgan C. Woods, Apoorv Kulkarni, And Joshua M. Pearce

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: waste plastic composites; poly carbonate; polycarbonate composite; sand; plastic and sand composites; plastic sand bricks; concrete; construction; compressive strength; mechanical properties

Online: 5 June 2023 (10:00:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0294.v1

Assessment of State of Art in the Performance, Their Utilization Level of Automated Vehicles

Teshome Kumsa Kurse, Girma Gebresenbet, Geleta Fikadu Daba

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: automated vehicle; performance assessment; sensor; sound navigator; utilization level

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:57:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0596.v2

Feasibility of Proton Dosimetry Overriding Planning CT with Daily CBCT Elaborated through Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools

Matteo Rossi, Gabriele Belotti, Luca Mainardi, Guido Baroni, Pietro Cerveri

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Deep Learning; image-to-image translation; dosimetry; cycleGAN; CBCT; CT; limited FOV; artifact correction; Hounsfield unit recovery

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:53:36 CEST)

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Radiotherapy commonly utilizes CBCT for patient positioning and treatment monitoring. CBCT is deemed to be secure for patients, making it suitable for the delivery of fractional doses. However, limitations such as a narrow field of view, beam hardening, scattered radiation artifacts, and variability in pixel intensity hinder the direct use of raw CBCT for dose recalculation during treatment. To address this issue, reliable correction techniques are necessary to remove artifacts and remap pixel intensity into HU values. This study proposes a deep-learning framework for calibrating CBCT images acquired with narrow FOV systems and demonstrates its potential use in proton treatment planning updates. Cycle-consistent GAN processes raw CBCT to reduce scatter and remap HU. Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate CBCT scans, enabling the possibility to focus solely on the algorithm’s ability to reduce artifacts and cupping effects without considering intra-patient longitudinal variability and producing a fair comparison between planning CT and calibrated CBCT dosimetry. To showcase the viability of the approach using real-world data, experiments were also conducted using real CBCT. Tests were performed on a publicly available dataset of 40 patients who received ablative radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer. The simulated CBCT calibration led to a difference in proton dosimetry of less than 2%, compared to the planning CT. The potential toxicity effect on the organs at risk decreased from about 50% (uncalibrated) up the 2% (calibrated). The gamma pass rate at 3%/2mm produced an improvement of about 37% in replicating the prescribed dose before and after calibration (53.78% vs 90.26%). Real data also confirmed this with slightly inferior performances for the same criteria (65.36% vs 87.20%). These results may confirm that generative artificial intelligence brings the use of narrow FOV CBCT scans incrementally closer to clinical translation in proton therapy planning updates.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0292.v1

Stochastic Comparisons of Lifetimes of used Standby Systems

Mohamed Kayid, Mashael A. Alshehri

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: likelihood ratio order; usual stochastic order; cold-standby system; log-concave; logconvex; lifetime

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:42:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0287.v1

FANet: Flexibility and Adaptivity Net for 3D Point Cloud Detection

Jian Ye, Fushan Zuo, Yuqing Qian

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: autonomous driving; object detection; Position Adaptive Convolution; FANet

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:15:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0283.v1

A Deep Neural Network Regression of the Cahn–Hilliard Single-Particle Thermal Model for LiFePO₄ Batteries

Roger Painter, Ranganathan Parthasarathy, Lin Li, Irucka Embry, Lonnie Sharpe, S. Keith Hargrove

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: lithium-ion batteries; LIB; LiFePO4; electric vehicles; Cahn–Hilliard; principal component analysis; neural networks

Online: 5 June 2023 (09:01:49 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0277.v1

Ocean Wave Energy Converter (WEC) with IoT Applications

Md Shohel Amin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Wave Energy Converter (WEC); IoT-based sensors; Wireless devices

Online: 5 June 2023 (08:39:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0266.v1

A Comparative Analysis of Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient and Correlations for Hydrocarbons and Ethanol

Mohamed ElFaham, Clement C. Tang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Flow boiling; Heat transfer coefficient; Two phase flow; hydrocarbons; Ethanol; Flow boiling correlations

Online: 5 June 2023 (08:21:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0241.v1

Overview of the Potential of Energy Harvesting Sources in Electric Vehicles

Said Bentouba, Nadjet Zioui, Peter Breuhaus, Mahmoud Bourouis

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: electric vehicle; energy harvesting; thermal energy; mechanical energy

Online: 5 June 2023 (07:09:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0236.v1

Research on Optimization and Numerical Simulation of Layout Scheme of Mining Approach in Downward Slicing and Filling Method

Kui Zhao, Nan Liang, Peng Zeng, Wanyin Wang, Cong Gong, Liangfeng Xiong, Hao Liu

Subject: Engineering, Mining And Mineral Processing Keywords: Downward slicing and filling method; The weak filling surface; Route arrangement; Numerical simulation

Online: 5 June 2023 (04:44:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0229.v1

A Novel Framework for Production Planning and Class-Based Storage Location Assignment: Multi-Criteria Classification Approach

MEHMET AKİF YERLİKAYA, FEYZAN ARIKAN

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Order Picking; Class-Based Storage Location Assignment; Production Planning; TOPSIS; Decision Support System Flow

Online: 5 June 2023 (03:23:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0228.v1

A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation

Carlos Antônio Rufino Júnior, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Pierluigi Gallo, Murilo Machado Amaral, Daniel Koch, Yash Kotak, Hans-Georg Schweiger, Hudson Zanin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Prognostics; Ageing; Lithium-Ion Batteries; EV Batteries; Degradation; Electric vehicles

Online: 5 June 2023 (03:17:13 CEST)

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Lithium-ion batteries with improved energy densities have made understanding the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) generation mechanisms that cause mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures more complicated. SEI processes reduce battery capacity and power. Thus, a review of this area's understanding is important. It is essential to know how batteries degrade in EVs to estimate battery lifespan as it goes, predict, and minimize losses, and determine the ideal time for a replacement. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs mainly suffer two types of degradation: calendar degradation and cycling degradation. Despite the existence of several existing works in the literature, several aspects of battery degradation remain unclear or have not been analyzed in detail. This work presents a systematic review of existing works in the literature. The results of the present investigation provide insight into the complex relationships among various factors affecting battery degradation mechanisms. Specifically, this systematic review examined the effects of time, side reactions, temperature fluctuations, high charge/discharge rates, depth of discharge, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and the voltage relationship on battery performance and longevity. The results revealed that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the degradation mechanisms of batteries. For example, high charge currents and deep discharges were found to accelerate degradation, while low temperatures and moderate discharge depths were shown to be beneficial for battery longevity. Additionally, the results showed that the relationship between cell voltage and State-of-Charge (SOC) plays a critical role in determining the rate of degradation. Overall, these findings have important implications for the design and operation of battery systems, as they highlight the need to carefully manage a range of factors to maximize battery performance and longevity. The result is an analysis of the main articles published in this field in recent years. This work aims to present new knowledge about fault detection, diagnosis, and management of lithium-ion batteries based on battery degradation concepts. The new knowledge is presented and discussed in a structured and comprehensive way.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0227.v1

Issues, Challenges, and Future Perspectives of Perovskites for Energy Conversion Applications

Ramchandra Balaji Pode, Aarti Muley, Baye Boucar Diouf

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Perovskite materials; Solar cells; Energy conversion efficiency; Issue and challenges in commer-cialization

Online: 5 June 2023 (03:11:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0226.v1

CoolBat3D – Development of an Innovative Temperature Man-Agement System With an Implemented Cooling Circuit, Consid-Ering Additive Manufacturing Options for Safe Operation of Li-Ion Battery Packs

Stephan M. Thaler, Josef Zwatz, Dominic Zettel, Robert Hauser, Roman Lackner

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Lithium-ion battery; smart materials; phase change material; latent thermal energy storage; bat-tery temperature management system; direct metal laser sintering

Online: 5 June 2023 (03:08:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0224.v1

Predicting the Compressive Strength of Green Concrete at Various Temperature Ranges Using Different Efficient Soft Computing Techniques

Ahmad Khalil Mohammed, Aram Hassan, Ahmed Salih Mohammed

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: sustainability; concrete; ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS); compressive strength; statistical analysis; modeling

Online: 5 June 2023 (02:34:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0222.v1

Film Boiling Around a Finite Size Cylindrical Apecimen - A Transient Conjugate Heat Transfer Approach

Alen Cukrov, Yohei Sato, Ivanka Boras, Bojan Ničeno

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: low Biot number material; conjugate heat transfer; film boiling; large-scale domain; turbulent flow; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; frozen turbulence approach

Online: 2 June 2023 (16:40:35 CEST)

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The DNS of film boiling requires strong computational resources that are difficult to obtain for a daily CFD use by the practitioners of the industrial R&D experts. On the other hand, the film boiling experiments are associated with the usage of the expensive and highly sophisticated apparatus, and the research to this end is found to be relatively difficult due to high heat flow rates that are present in the process itself. When combined with a transient heat conduction in a solid, the problem becomes significantly difficult. Therefore, a novel method in computation of conjugate heat transfer during film boiling in a quiescent liquid has been proposed in this paper. The method relies on the solution of mass, momentum and energy conservation equations in a two-fluid framework, supplemented with the appropriate closures. Furthermore, the turbulent flow has been found as an important parameter in obtaining the accurate solution of the temperature field evolution in a solid specimen, via the proper modeling of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) value, that has been imposed as a constant value, i.e., the frozen turbulence approach. It was found, in addition, that the appropriate TKE value can be obtained by use of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability theory in conjunction with the boundary layer theory. The obtained results show excellent agreement with the experimental data within the first 15 s of the experiment, i.e., the first ca. 10 % of the total duration of the film boiling mode of heat transfer. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient has matched the error bands prescribed by the authors of the paper that has presented the correlations, whilst the averaged values are far beyond this band, i.e., are slightly more than 30 % higher. The further inspection has revealed a measure of similarity between the computational result of the volume fraction field distribution and the experiment, thus confirming the capability of the method to obtain realistic interface evolution in time. The method has shown full capability for further pursuing the industrial-scale film boiling problems that involve turbulent flow and the conjugate heat transfer approach.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0218.v1

On the Development of a Digital Twin for Underwater UXO Detection Using Magnetometer-Based Data in Application for the Training Set Generation for Machine Learning Models

Marcin Blachnik, Roman Przyłucki, Sławomir Golak, Piotr Ściegienka, Tadeusz Wieczorek

Subject: Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability And Quality Keywords: digital twin; UXO; unexploded ordnance; training data set; magnetic field; FEM; magnetometer; Finite element method; AUV

Online: 2 June 2023 (15:45:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0215.v1

Experimental Study of the Correlation between the Wear and the Braking System Efficiency of an Auto-Vehicle

Ilie Filip, Andreea-Catalina Cristescu

Subject: Engineering, Automotive Engineering Keywords: Auto vehicle; Braking system efficiency; Brake pads and disc wear; Road safety; Efficiency parameters

Online: 2 June 2023 (14:53:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0206.v1

Test Structures for the Characterization of the Gate Resistance in 16nm FinFET RF Transistors

Mario Lauritano, Peter Baumgartner

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Gate Resistance; Characterization; de-embedding; radio-frequency MOSFETs (RF MOS- 7 FETs); FinFET

Online: 2 June 2023 (13:39:46 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0198.v1

Surface Waterproofing Techniques: A Case Study in Nova Lima, Brazil

Lorena Carias de Freitas Gomes, Henrique Comba Gomes, Elvys Dias Reis

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: durability; waterproofing; infiltration; asphalt blankets; pathologies

Online: 2 June 2023 (11:57:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0185.v1

Effect of Jet Nozzle Position on Mixing Time in Large Tanks

Timothy Ayodeji Oluwadero, Catherine Xuereb, Joelle Aubin, Martine Poux

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Jet mixing; Mixing; Mixing time; Circulation time; Jet

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:35:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0182.v1

Novel DQ-based Multicarrier PWM Strategy for a Single-phase F-type Inverter

Raad Abdulla, Mouna Bin Smida, Ali Thamallah, Aouse Khalaf, Anis Sakly

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: DQ-based control; F-type inverter; PV-powered inverter

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:28:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0180.v1

Incipient Inter Turn Short Circuit Fault Detection on Induction Motors Through Data Fusion and Statistical Machine Learning Strategy

Arturo Yosimar Jaen-Cuellar, Juan Jose Saucedo-Dorantes, David Alejandro Elvira-Ortiz

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Condition monitoring; Induction motor; Inter-turn short-circuit; Feature calculation; Feature reduction

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:22:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0179.v1

Analysis of the Heart Rate of Operators of Forwarding Machines during Timber Forwarding and the Dependence of Its Values on the Performed Work Activities

David Sláma, Václav Mergl, Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: operator; forwarder; tractor with a timber trailer; ergonomics; heart rate; physical load

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:21:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0173.v1

Improving Pure Titanium's Biological and Mechanical Characteristics through ECAP and Micro Arc Oxidation Processes

Dawit Bogale Alemayehu, Masahiro Todoh, J. H. Hsieh, Chuan Li, Song-Jeng Huang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Pulp cell; Periodontal cell; Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO), Sever Plastic deformation (SPD), Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), AlamarBlue; ELISA; trypsin

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:01:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0176.v1

Scalability of Cyber-Physical Systems in Mixed Reality Experiences in ROS 2

Francisco José Mañas-Álvarez, María Guinaldo, Raquel Dormido, Sebastian Dormido-Canto

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: Multi-Robot System; Mixed Reality; ROS 2; Formation Control

Online: 2 June 2023 (10:01:50 CEST)

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Nowadays, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are composed of more and more agents and the demand for designers to develop ever larger multi-agent systems is a fact. When the number of agents increases, several challenges related to control or communication problems arise due to the lack of scalability of existing solutions. It is important to develop tools that allow control strategies evaluation of large-scale systems. In this paper, it is considered that a CPS is a heterogeneous robot multi-agent system that cooperatively performs a formation task through a wireless network. The goal of this research is to evaluate the system's performance when the number of agents increases. To this end, two different mixed reality frameworks developed with the open-source tools Gazebo and Webots are used. These frameworks enable combining both real and virtual agents in a realistic scenario allowing scalability experiences. They also reduce the costs required when a significant number of robots operate in a real environment, as experiences can be conducted with a few real robots and a higher number of virtual robots by mimicking the real ones. Currently, the frameworks include several types of robots being the aerial robot Crazyflie 2.1 and differential mobile robots Khepera IV those used in this work. To illustrate the usage and performance of the frameworks, an event-based control strategy for rigid formations varying the number of agents is analyzed. The agents should achieve a formation defined by a set of desired Euclidean distances to their neighbors. To compare the scalability of the system in the two different tools, the following metrics have been used: formation error, CPU usage percentage, and the ratio between the real-time and the simulation time. The results show the feasibility of using Robot Operating System (ROS) 2 in distributed architectures for multi-agent systems in mixed reality experiences regardless of the number of agents and their nature. However, the two tools under study present different behaviors when the number of virtual agents grows in some of the parameters, and such discrepancies are analyzed.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0172.v1

Gels that Serve as Mucus Simulants: A Review

Appu Vinod, Rafael Tadmor, David Katoshevski, Ephraim Gutmark

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: Mucus; synthetic hydrogels; polymers; gel networks

Online: 2 June 2023 (09:57:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0159.v1

An Overview of Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Set Applications in Supply Chain Management: The State of the Art and Future Directions

Francisco Rodrigues Lima-Junior, Mery Ellen Brandt de Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Lopes Resende

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Sets; Supply Chain Management; Decision Making; Systematic Literature Review

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:51:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0158.v1

Modern Optimization Algorithm for Improved Performance of Maximum Power Point Tracker of Partially Shaded PV Systems

Ali M. Eltamaly

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Photovoltaic; MPPT; partial shading conditions; convergence time; failure rate; metaheuristic; dandelion optimization algorithm (DOA)

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:48:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0157.v1

LSTM-CNN Network-Based State-Dependent ARX Modeling and Predictive Control with Application to Water Tank System

Tiao Kang, Hui Peng, Xiaoyan Peng

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: LSTM-ARX model; MPC; water tank system; LSTM-CNN-ARX model

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:33:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0155.v1

Numerical Investigation on Hypersonic Flat-Plate Boundary Layer Transition Subjected to Bi-frequency Synthetic Jet

Xinyi Liu, Zhenbing Luo, Qiang Liu, Pan Cheng, Yan Zhou

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: hypersonic boundary layer transition; transition delay; bi-frequency synthetic jet; flow control; linear stability theory

Online: 2 June 2023 (08:22:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0147.v1

Intelligent Video Surveillance System with Abnormal Behavior Recognition and Metadata Retrieval

Hyungtae Kim, Joongchol Shin, Seokmok Park, Joonki Paik

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Metadata generation; abnormal recognition; metadata retrieval; intelligent surveillance system

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:27:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0126.v1

Optimizing EMG Classification through Metaheuristic Algorithms

Marcos Aviles, Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Danjela Ibrahimi

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: PSO; GWO; metaheuristic; multilayer perceptron; hyperparameters; EMG signals; optimization; deep learning

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:19:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0146.v1

Investigation of Following Vehicle Driving Pattern using Spectral Analysis Techniques

Chandle Chae, Yongho Kim

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: sustainable traffic management; autonomous vehicle; driving behavior; car-following; spectral analysis

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:17:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0145.v1

Development of a Lux Meter for the Identification of Liquids in Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles for Collection Centers in Mexico

L. Ángeles-Hurtado, Juvenal Rodríguez, Hilda Romero-Zepeda, H. Torres-Salinas, R. García-Martínez, Silvia Salas-Aguilar

Subject: Engineering, Control And Systems Engineering Keywords: PET; Recycling; Lux meter; Classification; ANOVA; Machine learning; Automation; Illuminance; Polymer recycling; Municipal solid waste

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:12:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0144.v1

On Scalability of FDD-based Cell-Free Massive MIMO Framework

Beenish Hassan, Sobia Baig, Saad Aslam

Subject: Engineering, Telecommunications Keywords: cell-free; massive MIMO; scalable FDD; angular reciprocity; dynamic cooperation clustering

Online: 2 June 2023 (07:11:23 CEST)

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Cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) has the potential of providing joint services including joint initial access, efficient clustering of access points (APs) and pilot allocation to user equipments (UEs) over large coverage area with reduced interference. In cell-free massive MIMO, large coverage area corresponds to provision and maintenance of scalable quality of service requirements for infinitely large number of UEs. The research in cell free massive MIMO is mostly focused on time division duplex mode due to availability of channel reciprocity which aids in avoiding feedback overhead. However, frequency division duplex (FDD) protocol still dominates the current wireless standards and the provision of angle reciprocity aids in reducing this overhead. The challenge of providing a scalable cell-free massive MIMO system in FDD setting is also prevalent, since computational complexity regarding signal processing tasks such as channel estimation, precoding/combining and power allocation, becomes prohibitively high with increase in number of UEs. In this work, we consider an FDD based scalable cell-free network with angular reciprocity and dynamic cooperation clustering approach. We have proposed scalability for our FDD cell-free and perform comparative analysis with reference to channel estimation, power allocation and precoding/combining techniques. We present expressions for scalable spectral efficiency, angle based precoding/combining schemes and provide comparison of overhead between conventional and scalable angle based estimation as well as combining schemes. Simulations confirm that the proposed scalable cell-free network based on FDD scheme outperforms the conventional matched filtering scheme based on non-scalable precoding/combiming schemes. The angle based LP-MMSE in FDD cell-free network provides 14.3% improvement in spectral efficiency and 11.11% improvement in energy efficiency compared to non-scalable MF scheme.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0118.v1

Study on Effect of Drawing Shear Factor on Underground Debris Flow in Natural Caving Method

Xiangdong Niu, Kepeng HOU, Huafen Sun

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: natural caving mining; underground mud-rock flow; drawing shear factor; rheological properties; thixotropic properties; experimental study

Online: 2 June 2023 (05:46:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0135.v1

Predicting Commercial Building Energy Consumption Using a Multivariate Multilayered Long-Short Term Memory Time-Series Model

Tan Ngoc Dinh, Gokul Sidarth Thirunavukkarasu, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Saad Mekhilef, Alex Stojcevski

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Energy consumption prediction; Time-series forecasting; Forecasting Building Energy Consumption; Long Short-Term memory

Online: 2 June 2023 (05:11:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0124.v1

Experimental Research Studies on Seismic Behaviour of Confined Masonry Structures: Current Status and Future Needs

Juan Jose Perez Gavilán, Svetlana Brzev, Eric Fernando Espinosa Cazarin, Sara Ganzerli, Daniel Quiun, Matthew T Reiter

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: confined masonry; seismic behaviour; experimental database; in-plane shear behaviour; in-plane flexural behaviour; out-of-plane seismic effects

Online: 2 June 2023 (04:10:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0094.v1

Investigation the Effect of Design Parameters on Air Tightness with Examples of Balikesir Houses

Mustafa Serhan Ünlütürk, Türkan Göksal Özbalta

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Building envelope; airtightness; energy efficiency; residential buildings

Online: 1 June 2023 (13:32:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0092.v1

Uncovering Bias in Objective Mapping and Subjective Perception of Urban Building Functionality: A Machine Learning Approach to Urban Spatial Perception

Jiaxin Zhang, Zhilin Yu, Yunqin Li, Xueqiang Wang

Subject: Engineering, Architecture, Building And Construction Keywords: Urban spatial perception; building function classification; objective mapping; subjective perception; machine learning; point of interest (POI); street view images

Online: 1 June 2023 (13:07:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0081.v1

Synthetic MRI Generation from CT Scans for Stroke Patients

Jake McNaughton, Samantha Holdsworth, Ben Chong, Justin Fernandez, Vickie Shim, Alan Wang

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Deep Learning; Image Synthesis; Image Generation; Machine Learning; Medical Imaging; CT to MRI; Synthetic MRI; Stroke; Image-to-image Translation

Online: 1 June 2023 (11:30:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0073.v1

10-Port MIMO Inverted-F Antenna for LTE Bands 42/43/48/49 Bands Smartphone Applications

Muhammad Zahid, Aliya Khalid, Hira Moazzam, Hajra Sadaqat, Sultan Shoaib, Yasar Amin

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Antenna for handset; m-MIMO; sub-6 GHz; LTE bands 42/43/48/49; Future Generation

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:57:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0072.v1

A Micro-hotplate-based Oven-controlled System used to Improve the Frequency Stability of MEMS Resonators

Tianren Feng, Duli Yu, Bo Wu, Hui Wang

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: resonators; OCMR; hotplate; temperature control; MEMS devices

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:52:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0069.v1

Reliability Testing of a Low-Cost Arduino-Based Multipurpose Data Logger Deployed in Several Applications Such as Outdoor Air Quality, Human Activity, Motion and Exhaust Gas Monitoring

Erik Hernández Rodríguez, Rosa Amalia González Rivero, Olivier Schalm, Alain Laguardia Martínez, Luis Hernández Santana, Daniellys Alejo Sánchez, Tim Janssens, Werner Jacobs

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Arduino; data logger; reliability; monitoring; sensors; custom expansion shield

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:42:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0064.v1

Reconstructing the Global Stress of Marine Structures Based on Artificial Intelligence

Tao Zhang, Jiajun Hu, Erkan Oterkus, Selda Oterkus, Xueliang Wang, Zhentao Jiang, Guocai Chen

Subject: Engineering, Marine Engineering Keywords: n/a; ship and Ocean Engineering; Marine Structures; Global Stress; Artificial Intelligence; structure health monitoring (SHM)

Online: 1 June 2023 (08:23:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0052.v1

Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Soccer Injury Types

Davronbek Malikov, Jaeho Kim

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Soccer; data analysis; soccer injury type; classification machine learning models

Online: 1 June 2023 (07:37:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0044.v1

Adaptively Lightweight Spatiotemporal Information Extraction Operator-Based DL Method for Aero-Engine RUL Prediction

Junren Shi, Jun Gao, Sheng Xiang

Subject: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Keywords: RUL prediction; spatiotemporal information, aero-engine, deep learning

Online: 1 June 2023 (07:17:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0027.v1

Discontinuous PWM Strategy with Frequency Modulation for Vibration Reduction in Asynchronous Machines

Antonio Ruiz-Gonzalez, Juan-Ramon Heredia-Larrubia, Francisco M. Perez-Hidalgo, Mario Jesus Meco-Gutierrez

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: Induction motors; multilevel inverters; vibrations; PWM techniques

Online: 1 June 2023 (04:45:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0025.v1

Structural Assessment Based on Vibration Measurement Test Combined With an Artificial Neural Network for the Steel Truss Bridge

Minh Quang Tran, Hélder S Sousa, Thuc V Ngo, Binh Duc Nguyen, Quyền Nguyễn, Huan X Nguyen, Edward Baron, José Matos, Son Ngoc DANG

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: ANN; FEM; damage assessment; structural health monitoring; steel truss bridge

Online: 1 June 2023 (04:38:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0019.v1

Infrared Waves and Microwaves Applied to Greenhouse Agriculture

Francesco Cepolina, Francesco Silenzi, Leonardo Cirillo, Corrado Schenone, Matteo Zoppi

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: sustainable agriculture; greenhouse; innovative heating; infrared; microwaves

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:47:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1565.v2

Re-think Data Strategy and Integration for Artificial Intelligence: Concepts, Opportunities and Challenges

Abdulaziz Aldoseri, Khalifa N Al-Khalifa, Abdelmagid S. Hamouda

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: Data Strategies and learning approaches; Challenges and Opportunities; Artificial Intelligence

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:37:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0006.v1

Recent Progress in Self-Powered Sensor Based on Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Quang Tan Nguyen, Duy Linh Vu, Chau Duy Le, Kyoung Kwan Ahn

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Self-powered sensor; flexibility sensor; triboelectric nanogenerator; liquid-solid interface; active sensor; chemical sensor.

Online: 1 June 2023 (03:01:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2259.v1

Planning and Evaluation of Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Penetration for Marine and Waterfront Applications

Hossam A.Gabbar, Otavio Lopes Alves Esteves

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Marine Vessels; Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems; Waterfront Applications, Seaports, Hydrogen Production, Energy Efficiency.

Online: 31 May 2023 (14:02:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2255.v1

A Feasibility Study on Making Polylactic acid (PLA) Polymers by Using Spent Coffee Ground

Shu-lun Mak, M. Y. T. Wu, W.Y Chak, W. K. Kwong, W. F. Tang, C. H. Lee, C.C. Lee, C.Y. Li

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: recycling of spent coffee grounds; lactic acid production; polylactic acid

Online: 31 May 2023 (13:19:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2252.v1

CO₂ Injection for Enhanced Gas Recovery and Geo-Storage in Complex Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Linqiang Zhang, Tongzhou Bai, Qibin Zhao, Xinghua Zhang, Hanlie Cheng, Zhao Li

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Tight sandstone; CO2-storage; Enhanced oil recovery; Numerical simulation

Online: 31 May 2023 (13:14:15 CEST)

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With the popularization of natural gas and the requirements for environmental protection, the development and utilization of natural gas is particularly important. The status of natural gas in China's oil and gas exploration and development is constantly improving, and the country is paying more and more attention to the exploitation and utilization of natural gas. The Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone in the Ordos Basin is characterized by low porosity, low permeability and large area of concealed gas reservoirs. By injecting CO2 into the formation, the recovery of natural gas can be improved, and at the same time, the stable storage of CO2 can be achieved to achieve a win-win situation of CO2 emission reduction and utilization. Injecting greenhouse gas CO2 into gas reservoirs for storage and improving recovery has also become a hot research issue. In order to improve the recovery efficiency of tight sandstone gas reservoir, this paper takes the complex tight sandstone of Upper Paleozoic in Ordos Basin as the research object, through indoor physical simulation experiments, carried out the influence of displacement rate, fracture dip angle, core permeability, core dryness and wetness on CO2 gas displacement efficiency and storage efficiency, and analyzed the influence of different factors on CO2 gas displacement efficiency and storage efficiency to improve the recovery and storage efficiency. The research results show that under different conditions, when the CO2 injection pore volume is less than 1PV, the relationship between the CH4 recovery rate and the CO2 injection pore volume is linear, and the tilt angle is 45 °. When the CO2 injection pore volume exceeds 1PV, the CH4 recovery rate increases slightly with the increase of displacement speed, the recovery rate of CO2 displacement CH4 is between 87% - 97%, and the CO2 breakthrough time is 0.7PV-0.9PV. In low-permeability and low-speed displacement cores, the diffusion of CO2 molecules is more significant. The lower the displacement speed is, the earlier the breakthrough time of CO2 is, and the final recovery of CH4 slightly decreases. Gravity has a great impact on CO2 storage and enhanced recovery. The breakthrough of high injection and low recovery of CO2 is earlier, and the recovery of CH4 is about 3.3% lower than that of low injection and high recovery. The bound water makes the displacement phase CO2 partially dissolved in the formation water, and the CO2 breakthrough lags about 0.1PV. Ultimately, CH4 recovery factor and CO2 storage rate are higher than those of dry core displacement. The research results provide theoretical data support for CO2 injection to improve recovery and storage efficiency in complex tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2236.v1

Flash Distillation Process for Stabilization of Anaerobic Digestate and Synthesis of Ammonium Bicarbonate

Alejandro Moure Abelenda, Farid Aiouache

Subject: Engineering, Chemical Engineering Keywords: Circular economy; greenhouse gas; carbon capture; endogenous striping agents; biogas upgrading; slow-release fertilizer

Online: 31 May 2023 (11:27:31 CEST)

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With the current increase in the demand from animal and agricultural products, management of agrowaste has become critical to avoid greenhouse gas emissions. The present article investigates the applicability of ammonium bicarbonate synthesis via flash distillation to valorize and stabilize several types of anaerobic digestate produced from individual fermentations of amino acids. Prior to the development of the model in Aspen Plus v12, the description of the system aqua-ammonia-carbon dioxide provided by the electrolyte non-random two-liquid property method was validated with empirical data available in the literature. The content of CO₂ in the digestate was found to be responsible of the OH alkalinity (0.4 equivalents of acid/kg digestate), while the partial and total alkalinities (0.8 eq/kg digestate) were essentially derived from the content of NH₃. The most suitable conditions for the flash distillation were 95 ⁰C and 1 bar with the condensation occurring at 25 ⁰C. However, in order to attain the precipitation of NH₄HCO₃ in the distillate, it was necessary to consider digestates with a moisture content of 50 wt.%, since the minimum levels of inorganic nitrogen and inorganic carbon were not attained otherwise. Even under these conditions, few amino acids (i.e. arginine, glycine, and histidine) were able to provide an anaerobic digestate, upon fermentation, that would be suitable for NH₄HCO₃ stabilization. Despite alanine digestate and glutamine digestate presented sufficient concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and inorganic carbon, the NH₄HCO₃-stabilization was not feasible due to the limited volatilization of NH₃. The process of stabilization with a capacity of a tonne of digestate per hour was improved by adding hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide at rates 44 kg/h, leading to production of 34 kg NH₄HCO₃/h. The economic viability of this process needs to be investigated considering not only the market value of the isolated inorganic fertilizer but the carbon credits saved, resulting from handling a more stabilized organic manure. Furthermore, given the role of the volatile elements of the biogas as endogenous stripping agents, it is recommended to use a fresh and saturated digestate as feed for the flash distillation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2233.v1

Influence of Manufacturing Process Modularity on Lead Time Performances and Complexity

Vladimir Modrak, Zuzana Soltysova

Subject: Engineering, Industrial And Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: process design; modularity; complexity; manufacturing lead time; simulation

Online: 31 May 2023 (11:05:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2232.v1

A Simplified Silty Sand Model

Nopanom Kaewhanam, Krit Chaimoon

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: clean sand; silty sand; elastoplastic model; critical state model; critical state line; simple model; three-dimensional stress

Online: 31 May 2023 (11:02:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2224.v1

Dynamic Fitting Strategy for Physiological Models: A Case Study of Cardiorespiratory Model for Simulation of Incremental Aerobic Exercise

Carlos Andrés Sarmiento, Alher Mauricio Hernández, Leidy Yanet Serna, Miguel Ángel Mañanas

Subject: Engineering, Bioengineering Keywords: Cardiorespiratory system; Computer simulation; Mathematical model; Parameter estimation; Predictive models

Online: 31 May 2023 (10:40:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2219.v1

Determination of Safety-oriented Pavement Friction Performance Ratings at Network Level Using a Hybrid Clustering Algorithm

Jieyi Bao, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: pavement friction rating; network level; road safety attributes; hybrid clustering; density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN); Gaussian mixture model (GMM); Chi-square test

Online: 31 May 2023 (10:38:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2200.v1

Comparing Enhanced Models for Evaluating Economic Impact of Airports

Ivaciane de Quadra Magalhães, Anderson Ribeiro Correia, Michelle Carvalho Galvão da Silva Pinto Bandeira, Mauro Zackiewicz, Luiz Antonio Tozi

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: Economic Impacts of Airports; Airport Investments; Input-output analysis; Data Science

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:31:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2195.v1

A Novel Programming Circuit for Memristors

Shengtao Tu, Jinyu Li, Yanyun Ren, Qin Jiang, Shisheng Xiong

Subject: Engineering, Electrical And Electronic Engineering Keywords: memristor; memristor programmer circuit; multi-level memristance; memristor crossbar

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:20:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2197.v1

Experimental Study on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Tung Oil-based Biodiesel Blends

Zhiyue Mu, Jianqin Fu, Feng Zhou, Kainan Yuan, Juan Yu, Dan Huang, Zhuangping Cui, Xiongbo Duan, Jianping Liu

Subject: Engineering, Energy And Fuel Technology Keywords: Biodiesel; Tung oil; Diesel engine; Performance; Exhaust emissions

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:19:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2194.v1

Research on the Distributed Propeller Slipstream Effect of UAV Wing Based on the Actuator Disk Method

Mingzhi Cao, Kun Liu, Chunqiang Wang, Jingbo Wei, Zijie Qin

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Distributed electric propulsion; Wing–propeller interaction; Actuator disk method; Genetic algorithm optimization

Online: 31 May 2023 (08:12:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2191.v1

Triggering Magnets for Wiegand Sensor by Electrodeposited and Origami Magnetized CoNiP Micro-magnets

Ganesh Kotnana, Yun Cheng, Chiao-Chi Lin

Subject: Engineering, Other Keywords: Wiegand sensor; electrodeposited magnets; microfabrication; origami magnetization; pole pieces; trigging field; Wiegand pulse

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:52:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2188.v1

Predicting the Effect of Surface Waviness on Fatigue Life of a Wire + Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Muhammad Shamir, Xiang Zhang, Abdul Khadar Syed, Wayne Sadler

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: WAAM; surface waviness; fatigue; bending test; durability; fracture mechanics

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:47:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2181.v1

Energetic Impact of Reconstructed Debris Flow on the Intensity and Duration of Growth Disturbances of Tree Rings by Numerical Simulation and Remote Sensing

Xueliang Wang, Juanjuan Sun, Yong Zhang, Qisong Jiao, Shengwen Qi, Ran Wang, Haiyang Liu, Mengjie Zhang

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: debris flow simulation; remote sensing; tree ring; Massflow; northeastern Tibet

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:29:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2176.v1

About the Combination of Cross-Correlation Analysis and Ultrasonic-GW Tomographic Technique for BVID Impact Detection Capability Assessment

Monica Ciminello, Natalino Daniele Boffa, Salvatore Ameduri, Ernesto Monaco

Subject: Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Keywords: Composite structures; Structural health monitoring; Cross-correlation analysis; Guided waves; Piezoelectric sensors

Online: 31 May 2023 (07:09:47 CEST)

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