Design Optimisation of a Low Reynolds Number Airfoil SG6043 for Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

This study focuses on the aerodynamic performance optimisation of the SG6043 airfoil for application in small horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) operating under low Reynolds number conditions. Recognizing the critical role of lift-to-drag ratio (CL/CD ) in maximizing turbine power output. The research investigates the performance of SG6043 through design modifications and computational analysis. Initially, the baseline airfoil's aerodynamic characteristics were verified using simulation tools like QBlade software, confirming its previously reported performance. Subsequently, the airfoil was systematically modified by varying key parameters including thickness-to-camber ratio, angle of attack (AOA), operating at different Reynolds numbers. Among the modified versions, SG6043M5-7, SG6043M5-8, and SG6043M5-9 showed significant aerodynamic performance improvement, with SG6042M5-9 achieving the highest CL/CD ratio of 193.44 at Re = 6×10⁵ and AOA = 3.5°. The results demonstrated that a reduced thickness (5%) combined with moderate to high camber (7–9%) enhances the aerodynamic performance.