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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0379.v1

Population Growth and Environmental Changes: Conclusions Drawn from the Contradictory Experiences of Developing Countries

Barana Badesso, Senbetie Lachore, Aklilu Madalcho

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Climate change, Developing countries, Environmental change, Forest, Population growth

Online: 21 August 2018 (14:00:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0150.v1

Probability Distribution of Philippine Daily Rainfall Data

Vanessa Althea B. Bermudez, Ariel Bettina B. Abilgos, Diane Carmeliza N. Cuaresma, Jomar F. Rabajante

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: Philippines; rainfall; precipitation; Gamma distribution; probability; weather risk

Online: 21 December 2017 (04:43:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0393.v1

Sentinel-1 SLC Preprocessing Workflow for Polarimetric Applications: A Generic Practice for Generating Dual-pol Covariance Matrix Elements in SNAP S-1 Toolbox

Dipankar Mandal, Divya Sekhar Vaka, Narayana Rao Bhogapurapu, V. S. K. Vanama, Vineet Kumar, Yalamanchili S. Rao, Avik Bhattacharya

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Sentinel-1; PolSAR; synthetic aperture radar; earth observation; SNAP

Online: 30 November 2019 (11:39:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0069.v1

Environmental Impacts of Mining of Mineral Resources

Vladimír Lapčík, Andrea Kaločajová, Petr Novák

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: mining; non-energy mineral resources; environmental impact assessment

Online: 13 January 2017 (10:56:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0236.v1

Noise Pollution and Control in Wood Mechanical Processing Wood Industries

Mayowa Jacob Owoyemi, Babajide Falemara, Ayomide Joseph Owoyemi

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: noise pollution; mechanical wood industries; equipment; control

Online: 31 August 2016 (09:03:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0014.v1

Temperature and Precipitation Trend Analysis over the Last 30 Years in Southern Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia

Birhanu Hayelom, Yingjun Chen, Zinabu Marsie, Miseker Negash

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: temperature; precipitation; ethiopia; mann kendall; climate variability

Online: 5 February 2017 (08:56:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0078.v1

Copernicus Sentinel-2 Calibration and Products Validation Status

Ferran Gascon, Olivier Thépaut, Mathieu Jung, Benjamin Francesconi, Jérôme Louis, Vincent Lonjou, Bruno Lafrance, Stéphane Massera, Angélique Gaudel-Vacaresse, Florie Languille, Bahjat Alhammoud, Françoise Viallefont, Jakub Bieniarz, Bringfried Pflug, Sébastien Clerc, Laëtitia Pessiot, Thierry Trémas, Enrico Cadau, Roberto De Bonis, Claudia Isola, Philippe Martimort, Valérie Fernandez

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: calibration; validation; optical; instrument; processing; imagery; spatial; operational

Online: 19 October 2016 (10:59:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0244.v1

Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data Fusion for Mapping and Monitoring Wetlands

Gordana Kaplan, Ugur Avdan

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Image Fusion, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Wetlands, Object-Based Classification, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Online: 13 July 2018 (17:11:07 CEST)

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Wetlands benefits can be summarized but are not limited to their ability to store floodwaters and improve water quality, providing habitats for wildlife and supporting biodiversity, as well as aesthetic values. Over the past few decades, remote sensing and geographical information technologies has proven to be a useful and frequent applications in monitoring and mapping wetlands. Combining both optical and microwave satellite data can give significant information about the biophysical characteristics of wetlands and wetlands` vegetation. Also, fusing data from different sensors, such as radar and optical remote sensing data, can increase the wetland classification accuracy. In this paper we investigate the ability of fusion two fine spatial resolution satellite data, Sentinel-2 and the Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite, Sentinel-1, for mapping wetlands. As a study area in this paper, Balikdami wetland located in the Anatolian part of Turkey has been selected. Both Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images require pre-processing before their use. After the pre-processing, several vegetation indices calculated from the Sentinel-2 bands were included in the data set. Furthermore, an object-based classification was performed. For the accuracy assessment of the obtained results, number of random points were added over the study area. In addition, the results were compared with data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle collected on the same data of the overpass of the Sentinel-2, and three days before the overpass of Sentinel-1 satellite. The accuracy assessment showed that the results significant and satisfying in the wetland classification using both multispectral and microwave data. The statistical results of the fusion of the optical and radar data showed high wetland mapping accuracy, with an overall classification accuracy of approximately 90% in the object-based classification. Compared with the high resolution UAV data, the classification results give promising results for mapping and monitoring not just wetlands, but also the sub-classes of the study area. For future research, multi-temporal image use and terrain data collection are recommended.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0020.v1

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

O. Adrian Pfiffner

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: thin-skinned tectonics; thick-skinned tectonics; structural geology; structure of mountain ranges; fold-and-thrust belts; décollement; nappe stacking; continent-continent collision; subduction; basin inversion

Online: 11 July 2017 (08:12:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0136.v1

Application of HEC-HMS Model to Assess Streamflow and Water Resources Availability in Stung Sangker Catchment of Mekong’ Tonle Sap Lake Basin in Cambodia

Kimhuy Sok, Chantha Oeurng

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: HEC-HMS model; streamflow; water availability; rainfall-runoff; Tonle Sap Basin

Online: 28 December 2016 (11:22:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0020.v1

Examination of Multi-Spectral Radiance of the Landsat 8 Satellite Data for Estimating Biomass Carbon Stock at Wetland Ecosystem

Idung Risdiyanto, Muhamad Fakhrul

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: biomass, carbon stock, wetland, spectral radiance, SWIR

Online: 4 April 2017 (10:02:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0030.v1

Strengths and Limitations of UAV and Ground-based Structure from Motion Photogrammetry in a Gullied Savanna Catchment

Jack Koci, Javier X. Leon, Ben Jarihani, Roy C. Sidle, Scott N. Wilkinson, Rebecca Bartley

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: digital elevation model; DEM; digital surface model; DSM; great barrier reef; gully erosion; multi-view stereo; point cloud; unmanned aerial vehicle

Online: 13 July 2017 (02:55:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0134.v1

Prediction of Rice Water Requirement Using FAO-CROPWAT Model in North Iran under Future Climate Change

Javad Gilanipour, Bahram Gholizadeh

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: rice; water requirement; climate change; Penman-Monteith; CROPWAT

Online: 31 October 2016 (03:21:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0196.v1

Investigation of the Mediterranean Cyclone Cleopatra Using the WRF Model: Sensitivity Analysis and Ensemble Forecasting Approach

Markos P. Mylonas, Kostas C. Douvis, Iliana D. Polychroni, Nadia Politi, Panagiotis T. Nastos

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: WRF; Medicane; extra-tropical cyclone; hybrid cyclone; sensitivity analysis

Online: 10 October 2018 (03:43:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0058.v1

GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Wetland Mapping and Monitoring

Qiusheng Wu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: GIS; image classification; LiDAR; remote sensing; wetland indicator; global wetland inventory; wetland mapping

Online: 14 September 2017 (17:25:27 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0069.v1

Good in The Worst: COVID-19 Restrictions and Ease in Global Air Pollution

Naser A. Anjum

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; respiratory diseases; air pollution

Online: 6 April 2020 (15:48:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0081.v1

Remote Sensing for Detection and Monitoring of Vegetation Affected by Oil Spills

Bashir Adamu, Booker Ogutu, Kevin Tansey

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: spectral reflectance; vegetation indices; vegetation; remote sensing; oil spill; mangrove forest; oil pollution; Landsat 8

Online: 23 September 2016 (06:19:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0098.v1

Flood Prediction Using Machine Learning, Literature Review

Amir Mosavi, Pinar Ozturk, Chau Kwok-wing

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: flood prediction; machine learning; forecasting

Online: 5 October 2018 (11:52:28 CEST)

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Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, which are highly complex to model. The research on the advancement of flood prediction models has been contributing to risk reduction, policy suggestion, minimizing loss of human life and reducing the property damage associated with floods. To mimic the complex mathematical expressions of physical processes of floods, during the past two decades, machine learning (ML) methods have highly contributed in the advancement of prediction systems providing better performance and cost effective solutions. Due to the vast benefits and potential of ML, its popularity has dramatically increased among hydrologists. Researchers through introducing the novel ML methods and hybridization of the existing ones have been aiming at discovering more accurate and efficient prediction models. The main contribution is to demonstrate the state of the art of ML models in flood prediction and give an insight over the most suitable models. The literature where ML models are benchmarked through a qualitative analysis of robustness, accuracy, effectiveness, and speed have been particularly investigated to provide an extensive overview on various ML algorithms usage in the field. The performance comparison of ML models presents an in-depth understanding about the different techniques within the framework of a comprehensive evaluation and discussion. As the result, the paper introduces the most promising prediction methods for both long-term and short-term floods. Furthermore, the major trends in improving the quality of the flood prediction models are investigated. Among them, hybridization, data decomposition, algorithm ensemble, and model optimization are reported the most effective strategy in improvement of the ML methods. This survey can be used as a guideline for the hydrologists as well as climate scientists to assist them choosing the proper ML method according to the prediction task conclusions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0021.v1

E-waste Management in South Africa: Case Study: Cathode Ray Tubes Recycling Opportunities

Pontsho Ledwaba, Ndabenhle Sosibo

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: electrical and electronic waste; recycling; legislative frameworks; environmental management; landfilling

Online: 3 August 2016 (12:33:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0123.v1

Three-Dimensional Facies Analysis using Object-Based Geobody Modeling: A Case Study for the Farewell Formation, Maui Gas Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

AKM Eahsanul Haque, Md. Aminul Islam, Mohamed Ragab Shalaby

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: geobody modeling, object-based facies modeling (OBFM), variogram analysis, farewell formation, paleo-depositional environment

Online: 15 January 2018 (10:01:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0048.v1

UAV Low Altitude Photogrammetry for Power Line Inspection

Yong Zhang, Xiuxiao Yuan, Yi Fang, Shiyu Chen

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: UAV remote sensing; power line inspection; dense matching; virtual photography; automatic detection of obstacles in power line corridor

Online: 5 August 2016 (08:07:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0301.v1

Estimation of Salinity Intrusion by Using Landsat 8 OLI Data in The Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Phuong Ha Tran, Anh Kim Nguyen, Yuei-An Liou, Phung Phi Hoang, Hung Thanh Nguyen

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Salinity intrusion; climate change; rising sea level; electrical conductivity; Landsat 8 OLI; Tra Vinh Province; Mekong Delta

Online: 17 August 2018 (11:41:14 CEST)

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Salinity intrusion is one of the most serious consequences of climate change coupled with rising sea level that significantly affects agricultural activities in many parts of the world. This phenomenon has increasingly become more serious and frequently occurred in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. As a result, Vietnam has been ranked among top five countries where have been devastatingly impacted by climate change, in particular, its Tra Vinh Province characterized by coastal plain and alluvial deposit. In addition, this area is of the tropical monsoon zone of long rainy season with source of salt brought from the sea by the tides and sea level rise. Regions that are contaminated by salt are located in lowland and often suffer from floods linking to tidal effects with salty water from river systems and channels. Soil salinity evaluation is critical for coastal protection, restoration, and agricultural planning since it can be considered as an agricultural indicator to evaluate quality of soil. Here, we attempt to estimate the soil salinity in Tra Vinh Province, in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Landsat 8 OLI images are utilized to derive indices for soil salinity evaluation including single bands, Vegetation Soil Salinity Index (VSSI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI). Subsequently, satistical analysis between soil salinity, electrical conductivity (EC, dS/m), and environmental indices derived from Landsat 8 OLI image is performed. Results indicate that spectral value of Near Infrared (NIR) band and VSSI are highly correlated with EC (R2 = 0.7779 and R2 = 0.6957, respectively) in comparison with the other indices. Comparative results show that soil salinity derived from Landsat 8 is consistent with in situ data. Findings of this study demonstrate that Landsat 8 OLI images reveal a high potential for spatiotemporally monitoring the magnitude of soil salinity at the top soil layer. Outcomes of this study are useful for agricultural activities, planners, and farmers by providing the base map of soil salinity contamination for better selection of accomodating crop types to reduce economical lost in the context of climate change. Our proposed method that estimates soil salinity using satellite-derived variables can be applied in the other regions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0162.v1

A Review of Geological Applications of High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Data

Chunming Wu, Xiao Li, Weitao Chen, Xianju Li

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: High-spatial-resolution images; Geology; Deep learning; Remote sensing

Online: 7 November 2018 (13:17:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0004.v1

Environmental Footprint of Domestic Dogs and Cats

Jose Herrera-Camacho, Eduardo Baltierra-Trejo, Paul Adolfo Taboada-González, Luisa Fernanda Gonzalez, Liliana Marquez-Benavides

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: life cycle analysis, dogs; cats; carbon footprint; environmental pawprint

Online: 4 July 2017 (16:00:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0137.v1

Advantages and Limitations to the Use of Optical Measurements to Study Sediment Dynamics

Emmanuel Boss, Christopher Sherwood, Paul Hill, Tim Milligan

Subject: Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: particle dynamics; optical properties; Sediment;

Online: 7 September 2018 (13:14:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0103.v1

Small Satellite Cloud Detection Based On Deep Learning and Image Compression

Zhang Zhaoxiang, Akira Iwasaki, Xu Guodong, Song Jianing

Subject: Earth Sciences, Space Science Keywords: Cloud detection; Deep learning; Image Compression.

Online: 15 February 2018 (16:49:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0149.v1

Estimation of Chlorophyll‐a Concentration and Trophic States for an Inland Lake from Landsat 8 OLI Data: A Case of Nalban Lake of East Kolkata Wetland, India

Pulak Patra, Sourabh Kumar Dubey, Raman Kumar Trivedi, Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Sangram Keshari Rout

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: landsat 8 OLI; Nalban Lake; East Kolkata Wetland; chlorophyll-a prediction; study points; validation points

Online: 15 August 2016 (13:51:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0320.v1

Land Use Land Cover Changes and Their Impact on the Lake Ecosystem of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Eyasu Elias, Weldemariam Seifu Gessesew, Bereket Tesfaye, Wondewosen Girmay

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia, Landsat images, Lake, land use/land cover

Online: 27 December 2018 (10:49:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0016.v1

Line-Based Registration of Panoramic Images and LiDAR Point Cloud for Mobile Mapping

Tingting Cui, Shunping Ji, Jie Shan, Jianya Gong, Kejian Liu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: mobile mapping system; LiDAR point cloud; 2D-3D registration; panoramic sensor model

Online: 2 December 2016 (10:58:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0093.v1

Valorization of Superabsorbent Polymers from Used Disposable Diapers as Soil Moisture Conditioner

Raymundo Sánchez-Orozco, Beatriz Timoteo-Cruz, Teresa Torres-Blancas, Fernando Ureña-Núñez

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: used superabsorbent polymer; disposable diapers; swelling capacity; soil conditioner

Online: 27 February 2017 (06:50:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0087.v1

Calculating Energy Spectra from Drifters

Joseph H. LaCasce

Subject: Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Turbulence; Spectra; Lagrangian

Online: 28 July 2016 (04:48:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0081.v1

On the Vertical Accuracy of the ALOS World 3D-30m Digital Elevation Model

Çaglar Bayık, Kazimierz Becek, Çetin Mekik, Mustafa Özendi

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: AW3D30; DEM; Runway Method; RWYM

Online: 24 August 2017 (15:51:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0101.v1

Forest Protected Area Systems and Biodiversity Conservation in Bangladesh

Sharif Ahmed Mukul, A. Z. M. Manzoor Rashid, Niaz Ahmed Khan

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: biodiversity conservation, livelihood, co-management, stakeholder, law enforcement

Online: 18 November 2016 (15:20:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0619.v1

Assessing the Potential Contribution of Pfumvudza Towards Climate Smart Agriculture in Zimbabwe: A Review

Never Mujere

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: climate smart agriculture; crop productivity; climate change; Pfumvudza; Zimbabwe

Online: 29 January 2021 (12:40:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0100.v1

Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of its Properties under the Treatment of Inorganic Acid Solutions

Victoria V. Krupskaya, Sergey V. Zakusin, Ekaterina A. Tyupina, Olga V. Dorzhieva, Anatoliy P. Zhukhlistov, Maria N. Timofeeva, Petr E. Belousov

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: engineering barriers; bentonite clays; thermochemical treatments; montmorillonite; structure modification; adsorption properties

Online: 19 December 2016 (11:08:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0091.v2

The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) Application in China: A Case Study in Heihe River Basin

Xian-yong Meng, Hao Wang, Si-yu Cai, Xue-song Zhang, Guo-yong Leng, Xiao-hui Lei, Chun-xiang Shi, Shi-yin Liu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: reanalysis climate data; hydrologic modeling; comparative analysis

Online: 3 February 2017 (03:50:07 CET)

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Large-scale hydrological modeling in China is challenging given the sparse meteorological stations and large uncertainties associated with atmospheric forcing data.Here we introduce the development and use of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) in the Heihe River Basin(HRB) for improving hydrologic modeling, by leveraging the datasets from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS)(including climate data from nearly 40000 area encryption stations, 2700 national automatic weather stations, FengYun (FY) 2 satellite and radar stations). CMADS uses the Space Time Multiscale Analysis System (STMAS) to fuse data based on ECWMF ambient field and ensure data accuracy. In addition, compared with CLDAS, CMADS includes relative humidity and climate data of varied resolutions to drive hydrological models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Here, we compared climate data from CMADS, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and traditional weather station (TWS) climate forcing data and evaluatedtheir applicability for driving large scale hydrologic modeling with SWAT. In general, CMADS has higher accuracy than CFRS when evaluated against observations at TWS; CMADS also provides spatially continuous climate field to drive distributed hydrologic models, which is an important advantage over TWS climate data, particular in regions with sparse weather stations. Therefore, SWAT model simulations driven with CMADS and TWS achieved similar performances in terms of monthly and daily stream flow simulations, and both of them outperformed CFRS. For example, for the three hydrological stations (Ying Luoxia, Qilian Mountain, and ZhaMasheke) in the HRB at the monthly and daily Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranges of 0.75-0.95 and 0.58-0.78, respectively, which are much higher than corresponding efficiency statistics achieved with CFSR (monthly: 0.32-0.49 and daily: 0.26 – 0.45). The CMADS dataset is available free of charge and is expected to a valuable addition to the existing climate reanalysis datasets for deriving distributed hydrologic modeling in China and other countries in East Asia.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0137.v1

Contamination Characteristics and Assessment of Manganese, Zinc, Chrome, Lead, Copper and Nickel in Bus Station Dusts of Xifeng, Northwest China

Yongfu Wu, Xinwei Lu, Sukai Zhuang, Xiufeng Han, Yan Zhou

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: heavy metal; contamination assessment; X-ray fluorescence; bus station dusts

Online: 13 August 2016 (09:41:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0023.v1

Urban Sprawl Detection Using Remotely Sensed Data: A Case of Chennai, Tamilnadu

Rajchandar Padmanaban, Pedro Cabral, Avit K. Bhowmik, Alexander Zamyatin, Oraib Almegdadi

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Random forest classification; urban sprawl; spatial metrics; Renyi’s entropy; sustainability; land change modelling; remote sensing; urban growth model; Chennai

Online: 5 January 2017 (09:20:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0014.v1

A Review on Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches for Air Pollution Studies

Abulude F. O., Moez B., Adeoya E. A., Olubayode S. A.

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: PM10; TSP; pollutants; element markers; epidemiological; dispersion modeling

Online: 2 March 2017 (07:29:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0067.v1

Determination and Evaluation of the Parameters for the Green & AMPT Infiltration Equation in Some Agricultural Soils in Mexico

Jorge Víctor Prado Hernández, Fermín Pascual Ramírez, David Cristóbal Acevedo, Mauricio Carrillo García, Antonio Martínez Ruíz

Subject: Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: water in the soil; surface irrigation; water storage; irrigation modelling; soil hydrodynamics

Online: 13 December 2016 (09:55:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0069.v1

Comparison of Pixel- and Object-Based Approaches in Phenology-Based Rubber Plantation Mapping in Fragmented Landscapes

Deli Zhai, Jinwei Dong, Georg Cadisch, Mingcheng Wang, Weili Kou, Jianchu Xu, Xiangming Xiao

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation; phenology; Xishuangbanna; Landsat; object-based approach; pixel-based approach

Online: 6 August 2016 (11:54:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0059.v1

Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Groundwater Management and Environmental Impacts

Mawuli Dzodzomenyo, Winfred Dotse-Gborgbortsi, Dan Lapworth, Nicola Wardrop, Jim Wright

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: water footprint; bottled water; groundwater; Africa; water resource management; urban

Online: 10 December 2016 (08:41:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0275.v1

Harmonization of Landsat and Sentinel 2 for Crop Monitoring in Drought Prone Areas: Case Studies of Ninh Thuan (Vietnam) and Bekaa (Lebanon)

Minh D. Nguyen, Oscar B. Villanueva, Duong D. Bui, Phong T. Nguyen, Lars Ribbe

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Landsat; Sentinel 2; harmonization; crop monitoring; Google Earth Engine

Online: 24 October 2019 (06:02:04 CEST)

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Proper satellite-based crop monitoring applications at the farm-level often require near-daily imagery at medium to high spatial resolution. The synthesizing of ongoing satellite missions by ESA (Sentinel 2) and NASA (Landsat7/8) provides this unprecedented opportunity at a global scale; nonetheless, this is rarely implemented because these procedures are data demanding and computationally intensive. This study developed a complete stream processing in the Google Earth Engine cloud platform to generate harmonized surface reflectance images of Landsat7,8 and Sentinel 2 missions. The harmonized images were generated for two agriculture schemes in Bekaa (Lebanon) and Ninh Thuan (Vietnam) during the period 2018-2019. We evaluated the performance of several pre-processing steps needed for the harmonization including image co-registration, brdf correction, topographic correction, and band adjustment. This study found that the miss-registration between Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 images, varied from 10 meters in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam to 32 meters in Bekaa, Lebanon, and if not treated, posed a great impact on the quality of the harmonized dataset. Analysis of a pair overlapped L8-S2 images over the Bekaa region showed that after the harmonization, all band-to-band spatial correlations were greatly improved from (0.57, 0.64, 0.67, 0.75, 0.76, 0.75, 0.79) to (0.87, 0.91, 0.92, 0.94, 0.97, 0.97, 0.96) in bands (blue, green, red, nir,swir1,swir2, ndvi) respectively. We demonstrated that dense observation of the harmonized dataset can be very helpful for characterizing cropland in highly dynamic areas. We detected unimodal, bimodal and trimodal shapes in the temporal NDVI patterns (likely cycles of paddy rice) in Ninh Thuan province only during the year 2018. We fitted the temporal signatures of the NDVI time series using harmonic (Fourier) analysis. Derived phase (angle from the starting point to the cycle's peak) and amplitude (the cycle's height) were combined with max-NDVI to generate an R-G-B image. This image highlighted croplands as colored pixels (high phase and amplitude) and other types of land as grey/dark pixels (low phase/amplitude). Generated harmonized datasets that contain surface reflectance images (bands blue, green, red, nir, swir1, swir2, and ndvi at 30 meters) over the two studied sites are provided for public usage and testing.

Working Paper REVIEW

Impact of El Niño and La Niña on Agriculture in Ethiopia: Implications for El Niño and La Niña Adaptation and Food Security in Ethiopia

Abadi Berhane, Teklay Tesfay

Subject: Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: El Niño; La Niña; statistical indices; climate change adaptation; Ethiopia

Online: 3 September 2020 (15:33:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0141.v1

Dynamic Threshold Selection for the Classification of Large Water Bodies within Landsat-8 OLI Water Index Images

Fangfang Zhang, Junsheng Li, Qian Shen, Bing Zhang, Huping Ye, Shenglei Wang, Zhaoyi Lu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: automated water extraction; landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI); modified histogram bimodal method (MHBM); remote sensing

Online: 29 December 2016 (10:49:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0089.v1

Regional Lithological Mapping Using ASTER-TIR Data: Preliminary Case Study for the Tibetan Plateau and the Surrounding Area

Yoshiki Ninomiya, Bihong Fu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: ASTER; TIR; geology; mineralogy; suture zone; quartz; feldspars; silicates; carbonates; sulfates; granitic rocks; felsic; ultramafic; mapping

Online: 9 August 2016 (10:10:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0134.v1

The Suitability of the Satellite Metrological Inputs Source on the Hydrological Model in a Small Urban Catchment

Song Song, Youpeng Xu, Jiali Wang, Jinkang Du, Jianxin Zhang, Qiang Wang

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: spatial resolution; interpolation method; CREST model; Qinhuai catchment

Online: 13 August 2016 (04:28:19 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0064.v1

Moss Bag Preparation: A Low-Cost Technique in Monitoring Airborne Particulate and Toxic Elements

Francis Olawale Abulude, Jamok Jacob Elisha

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: air pollution; mosses; low-cost; equipment; time-consuming

Online: 13 March 2017 (09:28:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0129.v1

Urban Thermal Environment and Heat Island in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from Remote Sensing Data

Van Tran Thi, Bao Ha Duong Xuan, Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: emissivity; land cover; land surface temperature; surface urban heat island; thermal environment; mitigation

Online: 29 January 2017 (10:38:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0229.v1

The Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) Indication at Low Latitude Sediment Case Study: The Miocene Cibulakan Formation, Bogor Basin

Wahyu Dwijo Santoso, Rubiyanto Kapid, Ben Ikhsan, Moehammad Ali Jambak, Dasapta Erwin Irawan

Subject: Earth Sciences, Palaeontology Keywords: Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO); nannoplankton; temperature changes; Cibulakan Formation

Online: 24 January 2018 (18:50:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0096.v1

Biomineralization of Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate Minerals Induced by Bacillus licheniformis and Its Application in Water Softening

Yanyang Zhao, Hui Zhao

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: biomineralization; calcium ions; magnesium ions; Bacillus lichemiformis; carbonates

Online: 22 January 2017 (04:58:39 CET)

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Reducing the hardness of hard water is of great concern nowadays due to some adverse effects on water pipes, boilers and soap consumption. Using the method of biomineralization to precipitate calcium and magnesium ions to become carbonate minerals was one of the most important innovations for reducing the hardness of hard water. The present study sought to explore the physical and chemical conditions of carbonates bio-precipitation and the potential use of Bacillus licheniformis SRB2 strain (GenBank: KM884945.1) isolated from sludge sample of Moshui River (Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China) in reducing the hardness of hard waters by the induction of carbonate minerals. In this study, B. licheniformis SRB2 strain was identified based on the morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequence homology analysis. The carbonate minerals induced by B. licheniformis bacteria in the liquid culture medium with 3% NaCl and Mg/Ca molar ratio of 0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 were investigated. The culture medium was inoculated with the bacterial liquid seed was set as the experimental group and the other culture medium was inoculated with the same volume of distilled water was set as the control group. The mineral phases, micromorphologies, and crystal structures were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray detector, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The bacterial concentrations and pH values of the solution were measured by a spectrophotometer and a pH meter, respectively. The urease secreted by B. licheniformis SRB2 was found to greatly increase the pH values of the liquid medium, which favored the formation of calcium carbonate.As a result, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ion concentrations decreased greatly due to the biomineralization of calcium carbonate and nesquehonite minerals in the presence of B. licheniformis SRB2 bacterium. There were only few calcium carbonates and no nesquehonite minerals in the control groups. It was also found that the minerals of nesquehonite induced by B. licheniformis SRB2 had a phenomenon of preferred orientation. What was more, even though Mg²⁺ ions inhibited the precipitation of Ca²⁺ ions, but under the action of B. licheniformis SRB2 bacteria, the inhibition effect was significantly declined. The bio-precipitation of calcium carbonate and nesquehonite minerals may represent a new method of pretreatment for the hardness reduction of hard water. The accomplished study is of certain interest for interpretation of the carbonates biomineralization in natural environment, and maybe also has a certain application value in the former processing of hard water

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0316.v1

Multi-temporal Crop Type and Field Boundary Classification with Google Earth Engine

Michael Marszalek, Maximilian Lösch, Marco Körner, Urs Schmidhalter

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Precision farming; Crop type mapping; Digital agriculture; Sentinel-2; Random Forest; SVM; Field boundaries; Canny; Simple non-iterative clustering

Online: 19 April 2020 (03:14:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0091.v1

Hydrological Modelling Using Rainfall Simulator over Experimental Hillslope Plot

Arpit Chouksey, Vinit Lambey, Bhaskar R. Nikam

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: hydrological processes; hillslope hydrological modeling; rainfall simulators; subsurface flow processes

Online: 21 October 2016 (09:30:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0108.v1

Forest Fire Danger Index Based on Static and Dynamic Parameters Using Satellite Datasets

Suresh Babu KV, Arijit Roy, Ramachandra Prasad P

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Forest fire danger index; MODIS; MOD11; MOD09; MOD14

Online: 14 March 2018 (15:38:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0059.v1

The Behavior of Arsenic during the Thermal and Chemical Decomposition of the Ammonium–Arsenic Jarosite

Mizraim Flores, Francisco Patiño, Elia G. Palacios, Iván Reyes, Martín Reyes, Victor H. Flores, Julio C. Juárez, Thangarasu Pandiyan

Subject: Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: ammonium–arsenic jarosite; characterization; chemical decomposition and thermal decomposition

Online: 14 October 2016 (11:27:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0171.v1

Investigation of Geological Structures of Hydrogeological Importance of 1:100,000 Sheet 185 (Paiko) North-Central Nigeria Using Integrated Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques

Jude Steven Ejepu, Peter Olasehinde, Appollonia A. Okhimamhe, Ipoola Okunlola

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: groundwater; hydrogeological structures; remote sensing; aeromagnetic survey; radial vertical electrical sounding

Online: 30 September 2017 (12:29:44 CEST)

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Aeromagnetic data coupled with Landsat ETM+ data and SRTM DEM have been processed in order to map regional hydrogeological structures in the basement complex region of Paiko, north-central Nigeria. Lineaments were extracted from derivative maps from aeromagnetic, Landsat ETM+ and SRTM DEM datasets. Ground geophysical investigation utilizing Radial Vertical Electrical Sounding (RVES) was established in nine transects comprising of four sounding stations which are oriented in three azimuths. Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) was employed to map the average depths structures from aeromagnetic dataset. Selected thematic layers which included lineaments density, lithologic, slope, drainage density and geomorphologic maps were integrated and modelled using ArcGIS to generate groundwater potential map of the area. Groundwater zones were classified into four categories: very good, good, moderate and poor according to their potential to yield sustainable water to drilled wells. Results from RVES survey reveal a close correlation to lineaments delineated from surface structural mapping and remotely sensed datasets. Hydrogeological significance of these orientations suggest that aeromagnetic data can be used to map relatively deep-seated fractures which are likely to be open groundwater conduits while remotely sensed lineaments and orientations delineated from the RVES survey may indicate areas of recharge. Regions with high lineament density have relatively better groundwater potential. This is attributable to areas having deep weathering profiles associated with intrusive bodies that have resulted in intense fracturing in the area. Drill depths in this area should target a minimum of 80 m to ensure sufficient and sustainable supplies to drilled wells. The outcome of this study should act as information framework that would guide the siting of productive water wells and while providing needed information for relevant agencies in need of data for the development of groundwater resources.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0017.v1

A New Simplified DSM-to-DTM Algorithm – dsm-to-dtm-step

Thomas Krauß

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Digital Surface Model, Digital Terrain Model, Steep edge detection

Online: 2 July 2018 (16:42:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0062.v1

Seasonal Trend Analysis of Climatic Parameters Relation to Impacts on the Crop Productivity of the Major Crops in Bangladesh

Nafia Jahan Rashmi, Md. Forhad Hossain, Mirza Hasanuzzaman

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: agricultural productivity; agrometeorology; climate change; crop yield

Online: 12 December 2016 (09:59:28 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0095.v1

Remote Sensing for Crop Water Management: from Experiments to User-Driven Services

Alfonso Calera, Isidro Campos, Anna Osann, Guido D´Urso, Massimo Menenti

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: : Crop Water Requirements; Irrigation Requirements; crop coefficient; web-GIS; Earth Observation; evapotranspiration

Online: 17 November 2016 (15:41:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0059.v1

Europe’s Green Arteries—A Continental Dataset of Riparian Zones

Christof J. Weissteiner, Martin Ickerott, Hannes Ott, Markus Probeck, Gernot Ramminger, Nicola Clerici, Hans Durfourmont, Ana Maria Ribeiro De Sousa

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: riparian zone; transitional environment; riparian forest buffer; spatial modelling; mapping; spatial ecology; ecosystem functions

Online: 6 August 2016 (06:07:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0055.v1

Seismic Damage Recognition Based on Watershed Segmentation of SAR Image Texture Features

Qiang Li, Lixia Gong, Jingfa Zhang

Subject: Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: seismic damage building; watershed segmentation; SAR; texture feature; change detection

Online: 5 August 2016 (12:19:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0010.v1

Attenuation Correction for Ka-band Cloud Radar Using X-band Weather Radar Data

Peng Zhang, Yunjie Chen

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: millimeter-wavelength cloud radar; attenuation correction; dual-radar; data fusion

Online: 1 November 2016 (10:05:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0056.v1

Dynamic simulation of urban expansion based on cellular automata and logistic regression model: Case study of Hyrcanian region of Iran

Meisam Jafari, Seyed Masoud Monavari, Hamid Majedi, Ali Asghar Alesheikh, Mirmasoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Land use change; urban sprawl; Logistic regression; Markov chain; Cellular automata; Gilan Province

Online: 18 July 2016 (11:53:16 CEST)

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Although, promotion of urbanization culture in recent decades has made inevitable development of cities in the world, however, the development can be guided in a direction that leave, to the extent possible, minimum socioeconomic and environmental impacts. For this, it is required to first forecast auto-spreading orientation of cities and suburbs in rural areas over time and then avoid shapeless growth of cities. This paper is an attempt to develop a dynamic hybrid model based on logistic regression (LR), Markov chain (MC), and cellular automata (CA) for prediction of future urban sprawl in fast-growing cities. The model was developed using 12 widely-used urban development criteria, whose significant coefficient was determined by logistic regression, and validated by relative operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The validated model was run in Guilan, a tourist province in northern Iran with a very high rate of urban development. For this, changes in the area of urban land use were detected over the period of 1989 to 2013 and then, future sprawl of the province was forecasted by the years 2025 and 2037. The analysis results revealed that the area of urban land use was increased by more than 1.7 % from 36012.5 ha in 1989 to 59754.8 ha in 2013, and the area of Caspian Hyrcanian forestland was reduced by 31628 ha. The results also predicted an alarming increase in the rate of urban development in the province by the years 2025 and 2037, during which urban land use is predicted to develop 0.9 % and 1.38 %, respectively. The development pattern is expected to be uneven and scattered, without following any particular direction. The development will occur close to the existing or newly-formed urban basements as well as around major roads and commercial areas. This development, if not controlled, will lead to the loss of 13863 ha of Hyrcanian forests and if the trend continues, 21013 ha of Hyrcanian forests and 20208 ha of Barren/open lands are expected to be destroyed by the year 2037. In general, the proposed model is an efficient tool for the support of urban planning decisions and facilitates the process of sustainable development of cities by providing decision-makers with an overview on future development of cities where the growth rate is very fast.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0028.v2

Intra-Urban Mobility in the Estimation of Risk Scenarios by BTEX Emissions

Marco Antonio Garcia-Zarate, María Evarista Arellano-García, Mariana Villada Canela, Patricia Aceves-Calderon, Ana Erika Ruiz-Arellano, Christine Alysse Von- Glascoe, M. C. Arredondo Garcia

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: VOC; technological risk; exposure to risks; DRI; risk mapping; SIG; BTEX

Online: 13 September 2016 (03:42:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0144.v1

Temporal Changes of Per Capita Green Space of Colombo District, Sri Lanka

Lin Li, Pgrni Pussella

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Green Space; NDVI; Per Capita; Urbanization

Online: 29 December 2016 (16:04:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0033.v1

Urbanization and Its Effects on Industrial Pollutant emissions: An Empirical Study of a Chinese Case with the Spatial Panel Model

Jin Guo, Yingzhi Xu, Zhengning Pu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: industrial pollutant emissions; urbanization; the spatial panel model; Chinese case

Online: 14 July 2016 (12:12:25 CEST)

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Urbanization is considered as a main indicator of regional economic development due to its positive effect on promoting industrial development; however, many regions, especially developing countries, are troubled by its negative effect — the aggravating environmental pollution. Many researchers have indicated that rapid urbanization stimulated the expansion of industrial production scale and increased industrial pollutant emissions. However, this judgement contains a grave deficiency in that urbanization not only expands industrial production scales but can also increase industrial labour productivity and change the industrial structure. To modify this deficiency, we first decompose the influence which urbanization impacts on industrial pollutant emissions into the scale effect, the intensive effect and the structure effect by using the Kaya Identity and the LMDI Method; second, we perform an empirical study of the three effects’ impacts by applying the spatial panel model with data from 282 Chinese cities between 2003 and 2013. Our results indicate that (1) there are significant reverse U-shapes between Chinese urbanization rate and its industrial pollutant emissions; (2) the scale effect and the structure effect have aggravated Chinese industrial waste water discharge, sulphur dioxide emissions and soot (dust) emissions, while the intensive effect has generated a decreasing and ameliorative impact on that aggravated trend. The definite relationship between urbanization and industrial pollutant emissions depends on the combined influence of the scale effect, the intensive effect and the structure effect; (3) there are significant spatial autocorrelations of industrial pollutant emissions between Chinese cities, but the spatial spillover effect from other cities does not aggravate local urban industrial pollutant emissions, we offer an explanation to this contradiction that the vast rural areas surrounding Chinese cities have served as sponge belts and have absorbed the spatial spillover of cities’ industrial pollutant emissions. According to the results, we argue that this type of decomposition of the influence into three effects is necessary and meaningful, it establishes a solid foundation for understanding the relationship between urbanization and industrial pollutant emissions, and effectively helps to meet relative policy making.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0036.v1

High Resolution Satellite Image Classification Using Multi-Task Joint Sparse and Low-Rank Representation

Kunlun Qi, Wenxuan Liu, Chao Yang, Qingfeng Guan, Huayi Wu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: multi-task learning; feature fusion; sparse representation; low-rank representation; scene classification

Online: 7 November 2016 (05:25:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0024.v1

Development of SWAT-PADDY for Simulating Lowland Paddy Fields

Ryota Tsuchiya, Tasuku Kato, Jaehak Jeong

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: SWAT; model development; paddy fields; irrigation; return flow

Online: 3 November 2016 (09:42:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0547.v2

Tornadoes in South Africa: An Overview with a Case Study

Offoro Kimambo

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: Tornadoes; CAPE; Overview; Case Study; Klerksdorp; South Africa

Online: 26 November 2018 (10:02:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0008.v3

Properties of the long-term oscillations in the middle atmosphere based on observations from TIMED/SABER

Yiyao Zhang, Shudao Zhou, Hanqing Shi, Zheng Sheng, Weilai Shi, Huadong Du, Zhiqiang Fan

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: AO; SAO; TO; amplitude; phase

Online: 6 October 2016 (08:52:44 CEST)

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Preprint COMMENTARY | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0150.v1

Addressing Environmental Health Problems in Ogoniland through Implementation of United Nations Environmental Program Recommendations: Environmental Management Strategies

Okhumode H. Yakubu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Environmental Assessment Report (EAR); environmental health; Environmental Management/Environmental Management Systems (EM/EMS) Model; Environmental Management Plan (EMP); Multinational oil companies (MOCs); Niger Delta; Ogoni; Ogoniland; Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC); United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP)

Online: 30 December 2016 (07:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0170.v1

A Method to Count Olive Trees in Heterogenous Plantations from Aerial Photographs

Yann H. Chemin, Pieter S.A. Beck

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: tree counting, olive trees, Xylella fastidiosa, Puglia, Italy, algorithms, image processing

Online: 27 October 2017 (12:30:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0202.v1

Remote Sensing and Data Mining Techniques for Assessing the Urban Fabric Vulnerability to Heat Waves and UHI

Flavio Borfecchia, Vittorio Rosato, Emanuela Caiaffa, Maurizio Pollino, Luigi De Cecco, Luigi La Porta, Simone Ombuen, Lorenzo Barbieri, Federica Benelli, Flavio Camerata, Valeria Pellegrini, Andrea Filpa

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: HR satellite remote sensing; urban fabric vulnerability; UHI & heat waves; landsat & MODIS sensors; LST & urban heating; segmentation & objects classification; data mining; feature extraction & selection; stepwise regression & model calibration

Online: 24 August 2016 (10:19:40 CEST)

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Densely urbanized areas, with a low percentage of green vegetation, are highly exposed to Heat Waves (HW) which nowadays are increasing in terms of frequency and intensity also in the middle-latitude regions, due to ongoing Climate Change (CC). Their negative effects may combine with those of the UHI (Urban Heat Island), a local phenomenon where air temperatures in the compact built up cores of towns increase more than those in the surrounding rural areas, with significant impact on the quality of urban environment, on citizens health and energy consumption and transport, as it has occurred in the summer of 2003 on France and Italian central-northern areas. In this context this work aims at designing and developing a methodology based on aero-spatial remote sensing (EO) at medium-high resolution and most recent GIS techniques, for the extensive characterization of the urban fabric response to these climatic impacts related to the temperature within the general framework of supporting local and national strategies and policies of adaptation to CC. Due to its extension and variety of built-up typologies, the municipality of Rome was selected as test area for the methodology development and validation. First of all, we started by operating through photointerpretation of cartography at detailed scale (CTR 1: 5000) on a reference area consisting of a transect of about 5x20 km, extending from the downtown to the suburbs and including all the built-up classes of interest. The reference built-up vulnerability classes found inside the transect were then exploited as training areas to classify the entire territory of Rome municipality. To this end, the satellite EO HR (High Resolution) multispectral data, provided by the Landsat sensors were used within a on purpose developed "supervised" classification procedure, based on data mining and “object-classification” techniques. The classification results were then exploited for implementing a calibration method, based on a typical UHI temperature distribution, derived from MODIS satellite sensor LST (Land Surface Temperature) data of the summer 2003, to obtain an analytical expression of the vulnerability model, previously introduced on a semi-empirical basis.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0023.v1

Hydrological Implications of Climate Change on River Basin Water Cycle: Case Studies of the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basins, China

Liu Liu, Zongxue Xu, Rong Li, Youzhi Wang

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geophysics Keywords: climate change; water cycle; downscaling; hydrological model; Yangtze River; Yellow River; Tibetan Plateau

Online: 8 October 2016 (11:29:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0139.v1

Modeling Glacier Mass Balance and Runoff in the Koxkar River Basin on the South Slope of the Tianshan Mts. during 1959 to 2009, China

Min Xu, Haidong Han, Shichang Kang

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: glacier mass balance; runoff; Tianshan Mts.; Koxkar River Basin; HBV model; interpolation

Online: 31 October 2016 (09:43:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0098.v1

Remote Sensing Based Estimation of Evapo-Transpiration Using Selected Algorithms: The Case of Wonji Shoa Sugar Cane Estate, Ethiopia

Mulugeta Genanu, Tena Alamirew, Gabriel Senay, Mekonnen Gebremichael

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: ET; CWR; landsat ETM+; remote sensing; SEBAL; SSEB; SSEBop

Online: 9 August 2016 (12:27:09 CEST)

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Remote sensing datasets are increasingly being used to provide spatially explicit large scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. The focus of this study was to estimate and thematically map pixel-by-pixel basis, and compare the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of the Wonji Shoa Sugarcane Estate using Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) algorithms on Landsat7 ETM+ images acquired on four days in 2002. The algorithms were based on image processing which uses spatially distributed spectral satellite data and ground meteorological data to derive the surface energy balance components. The results obtained revealed that the ranges of the daily ETa estimated on January 25, February 26, September 06 and October 08, 2002 using SEBAL were 0.0–6.85, 0.0–9.36, 0.0–3.61, 0.0–6.83 mm/day; using SSEB 0.0–6.78, 0.0–7.81, 0.0–3.65, 0.0–6.46 mm/day, and SSEBop were 0.05–8.25, 0.0–8.82, 0.2–4.0, 0.0–7.40 mm/day, respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values between SSEB and SEBAL, SSEBop and SEBAL, and SSEB and SSEBop were 0.548, 0.548, and 0.99 for January 25, 2002; 0.739, 0.753, and 0.994 for February 26, 2002;0.847, 0.846, and 0.999 for September 06, 2002; 0.573, 0.573, and 1.00 for October 08, 2002, respectively. The standard deviation of ETa over the sugarcane estate showed high spatio-temporal variability perhaps due to soil moisture variability and surface cover. The three algorithm results showed that well watered sugarcane fields in the mid-season growing stage of the crop and water storage areas had higher ETa values compared with the other dry agricultural fields confirming that they consumptively use more water. Generally during the dry season ETa is limited to water surplus areas only and in wet season, ETa was high throughout the entire sugarcane estate. The evaporation fraction (ETrF) results also followed the same pattern as the daily ETa over the sugarcane estate. The total crop and irrigation water requirement and effective rainfall estimated using the Cropwat model were 2468.8, 2061.6 and 423.8 mm/yr for January 2001 planted and 2281.9, 1851.0 and 437.8 mm/yr for March 2001 planted sugarcanes, respectively. The mean annual ETa estimated for the whole estate were 107 Mm³, 140 Mm³, and 178 Mm³ using SEBAL, SSEB, and SSEBop, respectively. Even though the algorithms should be validated through field observation, they have potential to be used for effective estimation of ET in the sugarcane estate.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0003.v1

Simulated and In Situ Frost Heave in Seasonally Frozen Soil from a Cold Temperate Broad-leaved Korean Pine Forest

Maosen Lin, Anzhi Wang, Dexin Guan, Changjie Jin, Jiabin Wu, Fenghui Yuan

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: seasonally frozen soil; frost heave; soil moisture content; soil type; freezing depth; soil porosity

Online: 1 August 2016 (09:47:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0193.v1

Spatiotemporal Characterization of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and CDOM-DOC Relationships for Highly-Polluted River

Sijia Li, Jiquan Zhang, Guangyi Mu, Hanyu Ju, Rui Wang, Danjun Li

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: chromophoric dissolved organic matter; polluted waters; optical properties; Yinma River watershed

Online: 23 August 2016 (10:35:36 CEST)

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Spectral characteristics of CDOM in water column are a key parameter for bio-optical modeling. Knowledge of CDOM optical properties and spatial discrepancy based on the relationship between water quality and spectral parameters in Yinma River watershed with in situ data collected highly-polluted waters are exhibited in this study. Seasonal field data sets collected over a period of 2 months in 2015 in Yinma River Watershed. Based on the comprehensive index method, the riverine waters showed serious contamination, especially the COD, Fe, Mn, Hg and DO were out of range contamination warning. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total suspended matter (TSM) with prominent non-homogenizing were significantly high in the riverine waters, but chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was opposite. Ternary phase diagram showed that non-algal paritcles absorption played an important role in total non-water light absorption (>50%) in most sampling locations, and mean contribution of CDOM were 13% and 22% in summer and autumn respectively. Analysis of ratio of absorption at 250-365 nm (E_250:365) and spectral slope (S_275-295) indicated that CDOM had higher aromaticity and molecular weight in autumn than in summer, is consistent with the results of water quality and relative contribution. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the environmental variables OSM had a strong correlation with CDOM absorption, followed by heavy metal, e.g., Mn, Hg and Cr⁶⁺. However, for the specific UV absorbance (SUVA₂₅₄), the seasonal values showed opposite results compared with the reported literature. The potential reasons were the more UDOM (uncolored Dissolved Organic Matter) from human source (wastewater effluent) existed in waters. Terrigenous inputs simultaneously are in relation to the a_CDOM(440)-DOC relationship with the correlation coefficient was 0.90 in summer (2-tailed, p<0.01), and 0.58 in autumn (2-tailed, p<0.05). Spatial distribution of CDOM parameters exhibited that the downstream regions focused on dry land have high CDOM molecular weight and aromatic hydrocarbon. Partial sampling locations around the cities or countries generally showed abnormal values due to terrigenous inputs. As a bio-optical model parameter, spectral characteristic of CDOM is helpful in adjusting the derived algorithms in highly-polluted environments. The study on organic carbon and pollutants in highly-polluted waters had an important contribution to global carbon balance estimation and water environment protection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0456.v1

Effects of Some Weather Parameters on Oil Palm Production in the Peninsular Malaysia

Abubakar Ahmed, Mohd Yusoff Ishak, Mohd Kamal Uddin, Mohd Yusoff Abd Samad, Suleiman Mukhtar, Samir Shehu Danhassan

Subject: Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: Rainfall; Temperature; oil palm; Malaysia

Online: 17 June 2021 (10:17:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0147.v1

Electro-Flotation as the Method of the Water Treatment in Recycling Process of Contaminated Water as an Integral Part of the Reverse Logistics System

Anna Antonyová, Peter Antony

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: wastewater recovery; innovative treatment technologies; electro-flotation; reverse logistics system

Online: 21 December 2017 (03:55:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0061.v1

A Satellite View of the Atmospheric Dry Intrusion and its Influences on the Mid-Latitude Disastrous Weather

Yi-xuan Shou, Feng Lu, Shaowen Shou

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: dry intrusion; Stratosphere-troposphere exchange; mid-latitude; satellite

Online: 18 September 2016 (10:27:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0113.v1

Microphytobenthos Primary Production Estimated by Hyperspectral Reflectance

Vona Méléder, Johann Lavaud, Alexandre Barnett, Bruno Jesus, Laurent Barillé

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: microphytobenthos; intertidal mudflat; primary production; hyperspectral; growth forms; LUE; ETR

Online: 28 September 2016 (11:43:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0019.v1

Uncertainty Assessments of Satellite Derived Rainfall Products

Margaret Kimani, Joost Hoedjes, Zhongbo Su

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: satellite; rainfall; estimates; rain gauge; uncertainties; topography; seasonality; East Africa

Online: 2 November 2016 (09:25:04 CET)

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Accurate and consistent rainfall observations are vital for climatological studies in support of better planning and decision making. However, estimation of accurate spatial rainfall is limited by sparse rain gauge distributions. Satellite rainfall products can thus potentially play a role in spatial rainfall estimation but their skill and uncertainties need to be under-stood across spatial-time scales. This study aimed at assessing the temporal and spatial performance of seven satellite products (TARCAT (Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite and ground-based observations (TAMSAT) African Rainfall Climatology And Time series), Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM-3B43), Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Morphing (CMORPH), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks- Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) using gridded (0.05o) rainfall data over East Africa for 15 years(1998-2012). The products’ error distributions were qualitatively compared with large scale horizontal winds (850 mb) and elevation patterns with respect to corresponding rain gauge data for each month during the ‘long’ (March-May) and ‘short’ (October-December) rainfall seasons. For validation only rainfall means extracted from 284 rain gauge stations were used, from which qualitative analysis using continuous statistics of Root Mean Squared Difference, Standard deviations, Correlations, coefficient of determinations (from scatter plots) were used to evaluate the products’ performance. Results revealed rainfall variability dependence on wind flows and modulated by topographic influences. The products’ errors showed seasonality and dependent on rainfall intensity and topography. Single sensor and coarse resolution products showed lowest performance on high ground areas. All the products showed low skills in retrieving rainfall during ‘short’ rainfall season when orographic processes were dominant. CHIRPS, CMORPH and TRMM performed well, with TRMM showing the best performance in both seasons. There is need to reduce products’ errors before applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0009.v1

10m Sentinel-2A Cloud-Free Composite – Southern Africa 2016

Fabrizio Ramoino, Florin Tutunaru, Fabrizio Pera, Olivier Arino

Subject: Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: Sentinel-2; remote sensing; European Space Agency; Copernicus; continental; cloud-free; composite; darkest pixel; maximum NDVI

Online: 2 June 2017 (05:03:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0093.v1

Water Level Measurements from Drones

Elena Ridolfi, Piergiorgio Manciola

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: water level measurement; surface hydrology; unmanned aerial vehicle; drone; dam

Online: 10 January 2018 (17:48:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0186.v1

COVID-19 Impacts on Beaches and Coastal Water Pollution: Management Proposals Post-pandemic

Franklin Ormaza-González, Divar Castro-Rodas

Subject: Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: COVID-19; confinement; beaches; pollution; tourism

Online: 14 June 2020 (16:12:35 CEST)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged Governments all around the world to take confinement and social 13 distancing measures. The reduction of leisure and production activities on beaches and ports have 14 disappeared direct and indirect contamination such as plastics, hydrocarbon spill, microbiological loads, 15 noise level, etc. leading to temporary improved environmental conditions, converting the beaches 16 similar to Marine Protected Areas. Some conditions are briefly analyzed through local surveys and in situ 17 observations in the popular beaches and ports of Salinas, Manta and Galápagos. 97-99 % of surveyed 18 people agreed that beaches have notoriously improved during confinement at least from visual 19 observation. On a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), the beaches were rated 2.23 and 2.83 (less than 20 acceptable) before quarantine, and 4.48 and 4.33 after it for Salinas and Manta respectively. The 21 beaches have less garbage in general and plastic, even though there has been an increase in plastic and 22 face mask production around the world. In Salinas, 72%, and 23 % of surveyed people have seen small 23 pelagic fish, whilst in Manta 75%, and 41% of people saw the same, but also 17% of people have seen 24 whales (humpback and shark-whales) and dolphins practically swimming on the beach. Manta rays, 25 turtles, and other types of species were also observed. In Galapagos beaches, turtles have been 26 observed many more times than usual. The main plausible reason is the decrease in noise level. It is 27 recommended to take this unique opportunity, to construct a baseline data and information on physical, 28 chemical, biological, microbiological coastal oceanographic science, and from them to establish a proper 29 Coastal Zone Management based on beach description, water, and beach quality, human dimension, 30 and economic value indexes. This data and information construction should ideally be done before the 31 beaches are open.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0227.v1

Raman Tweezers as a Tool for Small Microplastics and Nanoplastics Identification in Sea Water

Raymond Gillibert, Gireeshkumar Balakrishnan, Quentin Deshoules, Morgan Tardivel, Alessandro Magazzù, Maria G. Donato, Onofrio M. Marago, Marc Lamy de La Chapelle, Florent Colas, Fabienne Lagarde, Pietro G. Gucciardi

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Microplastics, Nanoplastics, Optical Tweezers, Raman Spectroscopy

Online: 22 January 2019 (18:00:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0237.v1

Advancing the AirMOSS P-Band Radar Root Zone Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithm via Incorporation of Richards’ Equation

Morteza Sadeghi, Alireza Tabatabaeenejad, Markus Tuller, Mahta Moghaddam, Scott B. Jones

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: AirMOSS; radar backscatter; P-band remote sensing; root zone; soil moisture profile; Richards’ equation

Online: 31 August 2016 (08:48:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0153.v1

The Establishment and Application of an Evaluation Model for Land-Use Change and Eco-Security

Han-Shen Chen

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: Eco-security; Land use and cover change (LUCC); Sustainability development and assessment

Online: 15 August 2016 (12:41:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0214.v1

Assessing Uncertainty in LULC Classification Accuracy by Using Bootstrap Resampling

Lin-Hsuan Hsiao, Ke-sheng Cheng

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: land-use/land-cover (LULC); uncertainty; bootstrap resampling; chi-square threshold; class probability vector (CPV); entropy

Online: 26 August 2016 (11:56:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0064.v1

Estimation of Downwelling Surface Longwave Radiation under Heavy Dust Aerosol Sky

Chunlei Wang, Bo-Hui Tang, Hua Wu, Ronglin Tang, Zhao-Liang Li

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Downwelling surface longwave radiation (DSLR); dust aerosol; aerosol optical depth (AOD); MODIS

Online: 12 December 2016 (14:58:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0041.v1

Focus on the development of natural gas hydrate in China

Zhongfu Tan, Ge Pan, Pingkuo Liu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: natural gas hydrate; five forces model; intuitional arrangement

Online: 15 July 2016 (11:33:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0439.v1

Meycauayan, an Industrial City in Bulacan, Philippines: Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Surface Sediments and Their Relationship to Environmental Indicators

Reymar Diwa, Custer Deocaris, Aileen Orbecido, Arnel Beltran, Edgar Vallar, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Lawrence Belo

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: heavy metals; MMORS, Meycauayan River; soil pollution; multivariate analysis; Sediment Quality Guidelines; Single Pollution Index

Online: 16 June 2021 (10:34:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0003.v1

Wetland Mapping Using SAR Data from Sentinel-1A and TanDEM-X Missions: Comparative Study in the Biebrza Floodplain (Poland)

Magdalena Mleczko, Marek Mróz

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics Keywords: Sentinel-1A; TanDEM-X science phase; wetlands mapping

Online: 1 November 2017 (04:37:20 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0091.v1

The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) and it's Application in the Heihe River Basin in China

Hao Wang, Xian-yong Meng, Si-yu Cai, Xue-song Zhang, Xiao-hui Lei, Guo-yong Leng, Chun-xiang Shi, Shi-yin Liu

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: CMADS; SWAT; hydrologic modeling; comparative analysis

Online: 18 December 2016 (05:12:01 CET)

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Large-scale hydrological modeling in China is challenging given the sparse meteorological stations and large uncertainties associated with atmospheric forcing data. Here we introduce the development and use of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) in the Heihe River Basin(HRB) for improving hydrologic modeling, by leveraging the datasets from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS)(including climate data from nearly 40000 area encryption stations, 2700 national automatic weather stations, FengYun (FY) 2 satellite and radar stations). CMADS uses the Space Time Multiscale Analysis System (STMAS) to fuse data based on ECWMF ambient field and ensure data accuracy. In addition, compared with CLDAS, CMADS includes relative humidity and climate data of varied resolutions to drive hydrological models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Here, we compared climate data from CMADS, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and traditional weather station (TWS) climate forcing data and evaluated their applicability for driving large scale hydrologic modeling with SWAT. In general, CMADS has higher accuracy than CFRS when evaluated against observations at TWS; CMADS also provides spatially continuous climate field to drive distributed hydrologic models, which is an important advantage over TWS climate data, particular in regions with sparse weather stations. Therefore, SWAT model simulations driven with CMADS and TWS achieved similar performances in terms of monthly and daily stream flow simulations, and both of them outperformed CFRS. For example, for the three hydrological stations (Ying Luoxia, Qilian Mountain, and ZhaMasheke) in the HRB at the monthly and daily Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranges of 0.75-0.95 and 0.58-0.78, respectively, which are much higher than corresponding efficiency statistics achieved with CFSR (monthly: 0.32-0.49 and daily: 0.26 – 0.45). The CMADS dataset is available free of charge and is expected to a valuable addition to the existing climate reanalysis datasets for deriving distributed hydrologic modeling in China and other countries in East Asia.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0014.v2

A Review on Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches for Air Pollution Studies

Abulude F. O., Bahloul M., Adeoya E. A., Olubayode S. A.

Subject: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences Keywords: PM10; TSP; pollutants; element markers; epidemiological; dispersion modeling

Online: 13 March 2017 (08:49:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0051.v1

Intercomparison of MODIS and VIIRS Fire Products in Khanty-Mansiysk Russia: Implication for Characterizing Gas Flaring from Space

Ambrish Sharma, Jun Wang

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: nighttime fires; gas flaring; MODIS; VIIRS; Khanty-Mansiysk Russia

Online: 8 May 2017 (08:15:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0060.v1

Analysis of Ionospheric Vertical Total Electron Content before the 2014 Mw8.2 Chile Earthquake

Weiping Jiang, Yifang Ma, Xiaohui Zhou, Zhao Li, Xiangdong An, Kaihua Wang

Subject: Earth Sciences, Space Science Keywords: Ionosphere; vertical total electron content (VTEC); seismo-ionospheric anomaly

Online: 11 April 2017 (06:54:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0116.v1

Addressing on Mechanism of Different Types of ENSO and Related Teleconnections and Solar Influence

Indrani Roy

Subject: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science Keywords: solar cyclic variability; Canonical and Modoki ENSO; Indian summer monsoon

Online: 27 October 2016 (11:31:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0020.v1

Preliminary Description of the Origin of a Sedimentary – Exhalative Ore Deposit, in Molango, Hidalgo Mexico

Eduardo Cerecedo-Sáenz, Ventura Rodríguez-Lugo, Juan Hernández-Ávila, Demetrio Mendoza-Anaya, Ma. Isabel Reyes-Valderrama, Rosa A. Vázquez-García, Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez

Subject: Earth Sciences, Geology Keywords: rare earths; platinum; SEDEX ore body; rift mega structure; transgression

Online: 2 March 2018 (08:58:08 CET)

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