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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0186.v1

Evaluation of Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Adaptation to Three Red Seaweeds Using the Rumen Simulation Technique

Stephanie Terry, Ana Krüger, Paulo de Mello Tavares Lima, Robert Gruninger, Wade Abbott, Karen Beauchemin

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: rumen simulation technique; methane production; seaweed; rumen fermentation

Online: 10 August 2022 (03:35:34 CEST)

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Several red seaweeds have shown to inhibit enteric CH₄ production; however, adaptation of fermentation parameters to their presence is not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of three red seaweeds (Asparargopsis taxiformis, Mazzaella japonica, Palmaria mollis) on in vitro fermentation, CH₄ production, and adaptation using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with four treatments, duplicated in two identical RUSITEC apparatus equipped with eight fermenter vessels each. The four treatments included the control (barley straw and barley silage) and the three red seaweeds added to the control diet at 2% diet DM. The experimental period was divided into four phases including a baseline phase (d 0-7; no seaweed included), adaptation phase (d 8-11; seaweed included in treatment vessels), intermediate phase (d 12-16) and a stable phase (d 17-21). The digestibility of organic matter (P = 0.04) and neutral detergent fibre (P = 0.05) was decreased by A. taxiformis during the adaptation phase, but returned to control levels in the stable phase. A. taxiformis supplementation resulted in a decrease (P < 0.001) in molar proportions of acetate, propionate and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, with an increase in molar proportions of butyrate, caproate, and valerate; the other seaweeds had no effect (P > 0.05) on molar proportions or production of individual VFA. A. taxiformis was the only seaweed to suppress CH₄ production (P < 0.001), with the suppressive effect increasing (P < 0.001) across phases. Similarly, A. taxiformis increased (P < 0.001) the production of hydrogen (H₂, %, mL/d) across the adaptation, intermediate and stable phases, with the intermediate and stable phases having greater H₂ production than the adaptation phase. In conclusion, M. japonica and P. mollis did not impact rumen fermentation or inhibit CH₄ production within the RUSITEC. In contrast, we conclude that A. taxiformis is an effective CH₄ inhibitor and its introduction to the ruminal environment requires a period of adaptation; however, the large magnitude of CH₄ suppression by A. taxiformis inhibits VFA synthesis, which may restrict production performance in vivo.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0168.v1

Infrastructure Performance and Irrigation Water Governance in Genadendal, Western Cape, South Africa

Kudzai Mugejo, Bongani Ncube, Crispen Mutsvangwa

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: drought; institutions; smallholder farmers; water security

Online: 9 August 2022 (03:49:28 CEST)

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Disasters such as the 2015-2018 drought in South Africa usually negatively impact agricultural water, especially in smallholder farming systems. This study assessed the availability of irrigation water, performance of irrigation infrastructure, and water governance systems in Genadendal, Western Cape, with a focus on smallholder farmers. Data for streamflow, dam levels, and rainfall were acquired from water institutions and analysed using Microsoft Excel. The performance of the infrastructure and water governance were assessed based on the perceptions of smallholder farmers and key informants. A questionnaire was administered to eight smallholder farmers, followed by a focus group discussion with 15 smallholder farmers. Interviews were conducted with eight key informants who worked in water-related institutions. Qualitative data from the interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis. The study showed adequate agricultural water resources during the 2015-2018 drought period for the smallholder farmers who relied on water from dams. However, smallholder farmers who relied on the Riviersonderend River experienced severe water shortages during the same period. The findings also showed that there was poor performance of irrigation water infrastructure due to inadequate maintenance. Lack of coordination among institutions, insufficient funding, political interference, fragmentation of roles and responsibilities, lack of human resources, and farmers’ lack of participation and commitment in water resources management contributed to the dysfunctionality of irrigation water governance systems, leading to water insecurity. This study recommends adequate funding for the operation and maintenance of infrastructure. Furthermore, water institutions need to support smallholder farmers with training skills in agricultural water management and infrastructure maintenance. Further studies are recommended to quantify the water lost due to the poor performance of water infrastructure and to develop effective water governance in Genadendal.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0154.v1

Integrated Genetic and Omics Approaches for the Regulation of Nutritional Activities in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Muhammad Junaid Zaghum, Kashir Ali, Sheng Teng

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Genome selection; Rice breeding; Genetic analysis; Omics assisted markers; Nutritional quality; Genomics and pangenomics; Biofortification

Online: 8 August 2022 (10:53:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0150.v1

Novel Black Pepper Antinematode Compounds Produced by Bacillus velezensis RB.EK7 Conversion of Organic Wastes

Thi Huyen Trang Trinh, San-Lang Wang, Van Bon Nguyen, Tu Quy Phan, Manh Dung Doan, Thi Phuong Hanh Tran, Thi Huyen Nguyen, Thi Anh Hong Le, That Quang Ton, Anh Dzung Nguyen

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: black pepper; Bacillus veleznesis; root-knot nematodes; antinematodes compounds; organic wastes; microbial fermentation; thymine; hexahydropyrrolo [1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione

Online: 8 August 2022 (10:30:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0116.v1

Phenotypic Variability of Root System Architecture Traits for Drought Tolerance among Accessions of Citron Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus Var. Citroides (L.H. Bailey)

Takudzwa Mandizvo, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Jacob Mashilo, Julia Sibiya, Sascha Lynn Beck-Pay

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Biomass partitioning; Digital root phenotyping; Image analysis; Rhizotron; Root architecture; Root phenes; RootSnap

Online: 5 August 2022 (04:23:44 CEST)

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Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) is an extremely drought-tolerant cucurbit crop widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa in arid and semi-arid environments characterized by drought. The species is a C3 xerophyte used for multiple purposes, including intercropping with maize and has a deep taproot system. The deep taproot system plays a key role in the species’ adaptation to dry conditions. Understanding root system development of this crop could be useful in identifying traits for breeding water-use efficient and drought-tolerant varieties. This study compared root system architecture of citron watermelon accessions under water-stress conditions. Nine selected and drought-tolerant citron watermelon accessions were grown under non-stress (NS) and water stress (WS) conditions using the root rhizotron procedure in a glasshouse. The following root system architecture (RSA) traits were measured, namely: root system width (RSW), root system depth (RSD), convex hull area (CHA), total root length (TRL), root branch count (RBC), total root volume (TRV), leaf area (LA), leaf number (LN), first seminal root length (FSRL), seminal root angle (SRA), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), root–shoot mass ratio (RSM), root mass ratio (RMR), shoot mass ratio (SMR) and root tissue density (RTD). The data collected on RSA traits were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation and principal component analyses. ANOVA revealed a significant (p < 0.05) accession × water stress interaction effect for studied RSA traits. Under WS, RDM exhibited significant and positive correlations with RSM (r = 0.65), RMR (r = 0.66), RSD (r = 0.66), TRL (r = 0.60), RBC (r = 0.72), FSRL (r = 0.73) and LN (r = 0.70). Principal component analysis revealed high loading scores for the following RSA traits: RSW (0.89), RSD (0.97), TRL (0.99), TRV (0.90), TRL (0.99), RMR (0.96) and RDM (0.76). In conclusion, the study has shown that the identified RSA traits could be useful in crop improvement programmes for citron watermelon genotypes with enhanced drought adaptation for improved yield performance under drought-prone environments.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0093.v1

The TaWRKY22–TaCOPT3D Pathway Governs Cadmium Uptake in Wheat

Xiaojuan Liu, Hongcheng Wang, Fang He, Xuye Du, Mingjian Ren, Yinguang Bao

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: wheat; TaCOPT3D; Cd uptake; TaWRKY22; transcriptional regulation

Online: 4 August 2022 (03:21:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0079.v1

Solanum elaeagnifolium and S. rostratum as Potential Hosts of the Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus

Maor Matzrafi, Jackline Abu-Nassar, Chen Klap, Elisheva Smith, Aviv Dombrovsky

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: pepino mosaic virus (PepMV); Solanum elaeagnifolium; S. rostratum; tomato brown rugose fruit virus (To-BRFV); virus reservoir; weed management

Online: 3 August 2022 (08:35:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0458.v1

Probiotic Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria: New Insight of Environmental Variables and Expression of The Oxc and Frc Genes on Oxalate Degradation Activity

Dina Karamad, Kianoush KHosravi-Darani, Amin Mousavi-Khaneghah, Aaron Miller

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: probiotic bacteria; oxalate-degrading; variables; in vivo; in vitro; oxaluria

Online: 29 July 2022 (10:00:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0378.v1

Metabolomic Aspects of Conservative and Resistance-related Elements of Response to Fusarium culmorum in the Grass Family

Anna Piasecka, Aneta Sawikowska, Natalia Witaszak, Agnieszka Waśkiewicz, Marta Kańczurzewska, Joanna Kaczmarek, Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: FHB; plant metabolomic; plant-pathogen interaction; barley; wheat; Brachypodium distachyon; pathway enrichment

Online: 26 July 2022 (03:22:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0301.v1

Effect of Flag Leaf Reflectance Index (RGB) on Grain Filling in Some Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] Cultivars Sowed under Semi-arid Condition

Abdelmalek Oulmi, Ali Guendouz, Benalia Frih, Sarah Benkadja

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Grain yield; reflectance; chlorophyll; semi-arid; grain filling; Algeria

Online: 20 July 2022 (10:23:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0289.v1

Planting Methods Effect on Weed Dynamics and Weed – Crop Interaction in Finger Millet

Ram Datta Bhatta, Roshan Subedi, Pratigya Devkota, Jitendra Upadhyaya

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Planting method; Seedlings; Value index; Weed, Tillering; Efficiency

Online: 19 July 2022 (14:17:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0267.v1

Genotype-by-Environment Interaction for Yam (Dioscorea species) Mosaic Virus Resistance, Dry Matter Content, and Yields in Uganda

Emmanuel Amponsah Adjei, Williams Esuma, Titus Alicai, Emmanuel Boache Chamba, Richard Edema, Isaac Onziga Dramadri, Alfred Adebo Ozimati, Rolland Agaba, Thomas Lapaka Odong

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Dioscorea; yield stability; environments; genotype; dry matter; disease resistance; Uganda

Online: 18 July 2022 (10:56:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0230.v1

Nitrogen Distribution and Soil Microbial Community Characteristics in A Legume–cereal Intercropping System: A Review

Huiling Lai, Fuyun Gao, Hao Su, Peng Zheng, Yaying Li, Huaiying Yao

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: intercropping; nitrogen transfer; microbial community structure; microbial activity; DNA-SIP; high-throughput sequencing; metagenomes

Online: 15 July 2022 (09:38:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0086.v1

Preharvest Environmental and Management Drivers of Multidrug Resistance in Major Bacterial Zoonotic Pathogens in Pastured Poultry Flocks

Moses B. Ayoola, Nisha Pillai, Bindu Nanduri, Michael Rothrock, Mahalingam Ramkumar

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: antimicrobial multidrug resistance; foodborne pathogens; food safety

Online: 6 July 2022 (04:32:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0286.v2

Elevated CO₂ and Water Stress in Combination in Plants: Brothers in Arms or Partners in Crime?

Arun Shanker, Deepika Gunnapaneni, Divya Bhanu, M Vanaja, N Jyothilakshmi, S.K Yadav, M Prabhakar, V.K Singh

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: elevated CO2; drought; photosynthesis; transpiration rate; stomatal conductance; C4 enzymes; malate; water deficit stress; abscisic acid

Online: 4 July 2022 (08:21:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0336.v1

Cell division controls final fruit size in three apple (Malus x domestica) cultivars

Siti Khadijah A. Karim, Andrew C. Allan, Robert J. Schaffer, Karine M. David

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: apple; fruit size; fruit development; cell division; cell expansion; ripening

Online: 24 June 2022 (09:46:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0118.v1

Diversity and Potential Function of the Bacterial Rhizobiome Associated to Physalis ixocarpa Broth. in A Milpa System, in Michoacan, Mexico

Daniella Ariza-Mejía, Guadalue Oyoque-Salcedo, Valentina Angóa-Pérez, Hortencia Mena-Violante, Dioselina Álvarez-Bernal, Jesús R. Torres-García

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: iVikodak; Balsas Basin; tomate milpero; native plants

Online: 8 June 2022 (06:02:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0021.v1

Response of Cyanic and Acyanic Lettuce Cultivars to Increased Proportion of Blue Light

Laura Cammarisano, Oliver Körner

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: vertical farming; controlled environment; lettuce cultivars; anthocyanin; light quality; LEDs; light recipe; stomata

Online: 1 June 2022 (13:17:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0012.v1

Effect of Fermentation Response on Biosynthesis of Endopolygalacturonase by Utilizing Polymeric Substrates of Agricultural Origin from a Potent Strain of Bacillus

Nagina Rafique, Romana Tabassum, Muhammad Zubair Khan, Tawaf Ali Shah, Saiqa Bashir, Saima Rafique, Imran Hayat, Imtiaz Hussain, Shahzad Akbar, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Endopolygalacturonase; biocatalysts; biosynthesis; heteropolysaccharide; inducer; submerged fermentation

Online: 1 June 2022 (09:58:48 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0325.v1

Agricultural Big Data Architectures in the Context of Climate Change: A Systematic Literature Review

Ania Cravero, Ana Bustamante, Marlene Negrier, Patricio Galeas

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: big data; architecture; agriculture; climate change; systematic literature review

Online: 24 May 2022 (07:42:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0282.v1

The Impact of Visual Defects and Neighboring Trees on Wind-related Tree Failures

Michael France Nelson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Shawn M. Landry, Brian Kane

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: cyclone; defect; hurricane; likelihood of failure; storm damage; typhoon; urban ecology; urban forestry

Online: 21 May 2022 (11:03:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0279.v1

Interaction Between Melatonin and NO: Action Mechanisms, Main Targets and Putative Roles of the Emerging Molecule NOmela

Sara E. Martinez-Lorente, Miriam Pardo-Hernadez, Jose M. Marti-Guillen, Maria López-Delacalle, Rosa M. Rivero

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Melatonin; NO; ROS; abiotic stress; NOmela; H2S; NRS; PTMs

Online: 20 May 2022 (13:35:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0231.v1

Yield Predictions of Four Hybrids of Maize (Zea mays) using Multispectral Images Obtained from RPAS in the Coast of Peru

David Saravia, Wilian Salazar, Lamberto Valqui-Valqui, Javier Quille-Mamani, Rossana Porras-Jorge, Flor-Anita Corredor, Elgar Barboza, Héctor V. Vásquez, Carlos I. Arbizu

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: vegetation indices; precision farming; hybrid; phenotyping; remote sensing

Online: 17 May 2022 (12:47:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0205.v1

Expanding Urban Tree Species Diversity in Florida (USA): Challenges and Opportunities for Practitioners

Deborah Hilbert, Andrew Koeser, Michael Andreu, Mysha Clarke, Gail Hansen, Lara Roman, Mack Thetford

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: city trees; landscape design; nursery production; urban greenspace

Online: 16 May 2022 (10:38:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0156.v1

Marine Natural Product Antimycin A Suppresses Wheat Blast Disease Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum

Sanjoy Kumar Paul, Moutoshi Chakraborty, Mahfuzur Rahman, Dipali Rani Gupta, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Abdullah Al Mahbub Rahat, Aniruddha Sarker, Md. Abdul Hannan, Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Abdul Mannan Akanda, Dr. Jalal Uddin Ahmed, Tofazzal Islam

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Antimycin A; wheat blast; inhibition; biopesticide; biological control

Online: 12 May 2022 (04:02:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0109.v1

Impact of Temperature and Precipitation on Solanum Tuberosum Cultivation Using Climate Scenarios to 2100

Lamberto Valqui-Valqui, Leandro Valqui, Leidy G. Bobadilla, Carmen N. Vigo, Héctor V. Vásquez, Carlos I. Arbizu

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: economic valuation; potato; yield; profitability; climate change

Online: 9 May 2022 (08:18:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0188.v2

Co-application of Biochar-Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana

Daniel Asiamah Aboagye, Wilfred TJ Adjadeh, Stella Asuming-Brempong, Eric Kwesi Nartey

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Co-composted Biochar; Nitrogen Uptake; Nitrogen Use Efficiency; Eutric Gleysol; Northern Ghana

Online: 26 April 2022 (10:02:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0188.v1

Co-application of Biochar-Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana

Daniel Asiamah Aboagye, Wilfred TJ Adjadeh, Stella Asuming-Brempong, Eric Kwesi Nartey

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Co-composted Biochar; Nitrogen Uptake; Nitrogen Use Efficiency; Eutric Gleysol; Northern Ghana

Online: 20 April 2022 (08:56:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0177.v1

Affordable High Throughput Field Detection of Wheat Stripe Rust Using Deep Learning with Semi-Automated Image Labeling

Zhou Tang, Meinan Wang, Michael Schirrmann, Karl-Heinz Dammer, Xianran Li, Robert Brueggeman, Sindhuja Sankaran, Arron Carter, Michael Pumphrey, Yang Hu, Xianming Chen, Zhiwu Zhang

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Plant disease; Machine vision; UAV; Smartphone; Convolutional Neural Network

Online: 19 April 2022 (07:44:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0145.v1

Institutional Factors and Technology Adoption amongst Smallholder Coffee Farmers in Kanungu District South-Western Uganda

Edgar Nabaasa, Rebecca M. Kalibwani, Edward Ssemakula, Boaz Mujuni

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Technology; Adoption; Agriculture; Coffee; Smallholder; Extension; Credit; Market; Access

Online: 15 April 2022 (10:44:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0125.v1

The Assessment of Turkey’s Competitiveness in Cherry Trade

Hasan Arısoy, Abdirizak Ali Abdullahi, Mehmet Ferda Kaya, İsmail Aras

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Cherry; trade intensity analysis method; concentration coefficient; Turkey

Online: 13 April 2022 (10:23:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0111.v1

Influence of Different Tillage Depth on Soil and Maize Yields in Three Growing Seasons in the North China Plain

Li-Shu Wang, Hai-Gang Guo, Li-Xuan Wang, Dong-Juan Cheng

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Soil bulk density; Water consumption; Rotary tillage; Photosynthetic rate; Field capacity

Online: 12 April 2022 (10:41:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0103.v1

Flavonoid Profiles and Antioxidant Potential of Monochoria angustifolia (G. X. Wang) Boonkerd & Tungmunnithum, a New Species from the Genus Monochoria C. Presl

Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Samantha Drouet, Laurine Garros, Jose Manuel Lorenzo, Christophe Hano

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Monochoria angustifolia; Monochoria hastata; Flavonoid; Antioxidant mechanism; Natural populations; Phytochemical profile; Traditional herbal medicine; Phytopharmaceutical

Online: 12 April 2022 (04:08:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0082.v1

Endotoxins Induced ECM-Receptor Interaction Pathway Signal Effect on the Function of MUC2 in Caco2/HT29 Co-Culture Cells

Chenchen Wu Wu, Mingming zhang, Wenxiang Hu, Tian Tian

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Caco2/HT-29 cells; lipopolysaccharide(LPS); mucins; focal adhesion pathway; ECM receptor in-teraction pathway

Online: 8 April 2022 (14:04:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0320.v1

Suppressive Effect of Anaerobically Digested Slurries and Bacterial Isolates Against Fusarium Wilt of Spinach

Tomomi Sugiyama, Keiko T. Natsuaki, Naoto Tanaka, Yuh Shiwa, Mami Irie

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: biological control; anaerobically digested dairy slurry; Bacillus velezensis

Online: 24 March 2022 (02:25:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0008.v1

Residual Effect of Bentonite-Humic Acid Amendment on Soil Health and Crop Performance 4-5 Years After Initial Application in a Dryland Ecosystem

Bin Ma, Bao-Luo Ma, Neil B. McLaughlin, Ming Li, Jinghui Liu

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Sustainable dryland farming; clay soil amendment; soil water use; organic matter; enzyme activity; nutrient turnover

Online: 1 March 2022 (08:27:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0345.v1

Challenges to Use Machine Learning in Agricultural Big Data: A Systematic Literature Review

Ania Cravero, Sebastian Pardo, Samuel Sepúlveda, Lilia Muñoz

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: big data; machine learning; agriculture; challenges; systematic literature review

Online: 28 February 2022 (03:14:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0335.v1

Machine Learning-Powered Models for Near-Infrared Spectrometers: Prediction of Protein in Multiple Grain Cereals

Keerthi Chadalavada, Krithika Anbazhagan, Adama Ndour, Sunita Choudhary, William M. Palmer, Jamie R. Flynn, Srikanth Mallayee, P. Sharada, K.V.S.V. Prasad, V. Padmakumar, Chris Jones, Jana Kholová

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Cereals; Grain protein; Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)-based sensors; Prediction algorithms; FOSS; Hone Lab

Online: 25 February 2022 (11:21:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0325.v1

Horticulture Research In Central Asia: A review of Papers from Scopus Database Published for The Period of 2000-2020

Sherzod Rajametov, Sadulla Abdullaev

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: horticulture, Central Asia, bibliometric analyses, science

Online: 25 February 2022 (07:50:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0315.v1

An Overview on Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Their Advanced Applications in Sustainable Agriculture

Aamir Ali Aslam, Awais Ali Aslam, Muhammad Suhail Aslam, Sameer Quazi

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: nanoparticles; nanopesticides; nanofertilizers; nanoherbicides; sustainable agriculture; nanotechnology

Online: 24 February 2022 (11:55:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0388.v2

Seasonal Dynamics of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Biomasses of Microorganisms in Arable Mollisols Affected by Different Tillage Systems

Yuriy Kravchenko, Xingyi Zhang, Chun-yu Song, Wei Hu, Anna Yarosh, Olena Voitsekhivska

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Mollisol; soil organic matter; microorganisms; microbial index; crop growing season

Online: 21 February 2022 (12:05:40 CET)

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Tillage has been reported to induce seasonal changes of organic carbon (Сmicro) and nitrogen (Nmicro) in biomass of microorganisms. Soil microorganisms execute such ecosystem functions as: it is an immediate sink of labile biophil elements; it is an agent of a conversion, catalysis and synthesis of humus substances; it transforms soil contaminants into non-hazardous wastes; it participates in soil aggregation and pedogenesis as a whole. However, the seasonal turnover of microorganisms on arable lands in temperate ecosystems has not been investigated on a relevant level. Hence, we aimed to study the dynamics of such soil microbial biomass patterns as: Сmicro, Nmicro, microbial index (MI = (Сmicro/CTOC)·100, %) and CO2-C emission on the background of 9 years of tillage and 22 years of abandoned (Ab) and fallow (F) usage. Our study was conducted on a long-term experimental site on a Mollisol in the northeast China. The maximum Сmicro and Nmicro content was found: at the beginning of the growing season – in 0-10-; in mid-July – in 20-40 cm layers, while the minimum – in August-October. The Сmicro content ranged from 577.79- and 381.79 mg-1 kg-1 under Ab in spring to 229.53- and 272.86 mg-1 kg-1 in autumn under CT (conventional tillage) and F in 0-10- and 10-20 cm layers, respectively. The amplitude of Nmicro content changes was several times lower comparatively to Сmicro. The smallest quartile range (IQR0.25-0.75) of such changes was under: no-till (NT) and Ab in 0-10-, NT and F – in 10-20- and CT - in 20-40 cm layers. The widest Сmicro : Nmicro ratio was found at F and CT – in 0-20- and CT and rotational tillage (Rot) – in 20-40 cm layers. MI dynamics resembled the trends of Сmicro and Nmicro and changed from 0.72  0.168- tо 2.00  0,030 %. The highest part of Сmicro in CTOC was at Ab (1.82  1.85 %) and NT (1.66  1.52 %) – in 0-10-; Ab (1.23  1.27 %) and NT (1.29  1.32 %) – in 10-20- and – Ab (1.19  1.09 %) and F (1.11  1.077 %) – in 20-40 cm layers, correspondingly. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between Сmicro and CTOC increased from the upper 0-10- to the lower 20-40 cm layer, it was "strong" and "high" between Сmicro and CTOC. Different use of Mollisol affected the amplitude of Сmicro and Nmicro seasonal changes, but it didn’t change their trend. Our results suggest the key role of Ab and NT technologies in Сmicro accumulation in total organic carbon (TOC).

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0400.v1

A Review Of The Fundamental Factors And Processes Leading To The Accumulation Of Aflatoxins In Cereal Crops

Kiran Bhardwaj, Saowalak Adunphatcharaphon, Kaushik Banerjee, Christopher Elliott, Awanwee Petchkongkaew, Oluwatobi Kolawole

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Aflatoxin contamination; Cereals; Intrinsic factors; Extrinsic factors; Climate change; Mitigation strategies

Online: 26 January 2022 (13:12:06 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0396.v1

Towards Equitable Public Sector Plant Breeding In The US

Lauren Brzozowski, Solveig Hanson, Jean-Luc Jannink, Brigid Meints, Virginia Moore, Hale Tufan, Seren Villwock

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: public sector science; agriculture; equity; seed sovereignty; food security; intellectual property

Online: 26 January 2022 (12:48:26 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0384.v1

High Occurrence of Zoonotic Subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in Cypriot Dairy Farms

Sumaiya Hoque, Daphne E. Mavrides, Pedro Pinto, Silvia Costas, Nisa Begum, Claudia Azevedo Ribeiro, Maria Liapi, Martin Kváč, Stavros Malas, Eleni Gentekaki, Anastasios D. Tsaousis

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Cryptosporidium; dairy cattle; gp60; genotyping; 18S rRNA; occurrence; Cyprus

Online: 25 January 2022 (14:06:37 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0342.v1

Anthocyanin-Rich Vegetables for Human Consumption – Focus on Potato, Sweetpotato and Tomato

Autar Mattoo, Sangam Dwivedi, Som Dutt, Brajesh Singh, Monika Garg, Rodomiro Ortiz

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Anthocyanin biosynthesis; biosafety regulations; colored vegetables; crossbreeding; gene editing; human health; transgenes

Online: 24 January 2022 (10:38:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0308.v1

Compost Effect on Organic Pepper and Olive Sapling Growth

Alev Kir

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Olive pruning; compost; recycling; Capsicum annuum L.; soil organic carbon (SOC); soil organic matter (SOM); olive young tree; Olea europaea L.; peat replacement.

Online: 20 January 2022 (14:26:24 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0200.v1

PirAB from Vibrio parahaemolyticus Exhibits a Binary Toxin Action with Bactericidal Activity and Cytotoxicity in Penaeus vannamei

Sonia A. Soto-Rodriguez, Rodolfo Lozano-Olvera, Gabriela Ramos-Clamont Montfort, Edgar Zenteno, Jose Luis Sánchez-Salgado, Norberto Vibanco-Pérez, Karla G. Rendón Aguilar

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: PirAB; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; AHPND; shrimp; microbiota change

Online: 14 January 2022 (11:12:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0129.v1

Proximate Composition and Sensory Evaluation Between Artificially Ripened and Naturally Ripened Pineapples (Ananas comosus)

Rahat Bin Robbani, Rasel Talukder, Md. Abu Zubair, SHUMSUZZAMAN KHAN

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Pineapples; Ripening; Proximate composition; Sensory evaluation

Online: 10 January 2022 (16:15:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0091.v1

Control Of Plant Diseases By An Allium-based Antimicrobial Formulation

Oladejo Oluwashina, Jafargholi Imani

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Plant extracts; VEG’LYS; antimicrobial effects; curative and preventive treatment

Online: 6 January 2022 (14:06:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0067.v1

Duckweeds as Promising Food Feedstocks Globally

Debora Pagliuso, Adriana Grandis, Janaina Silva Fortirer, Plinio Camargo, Eny Ioshevet Floh, Marcos Silveira Buckeridge

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: duckweed; meal; Lemnoideae,; Wolffioideae; aquaculture; carbohydrates; protein

Online: 6 January 2022 (10:24:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0015.v1

Immunization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Broodstock With Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Inactivated Vaccines Elicits Protective Antibody and Passive Maternal Antibody Transfer

Thao Thu Mai, Pattanapon Kayansamruaj, Chayanit Soontara, Pattarawit Kerddee, Dinh-Hung Nguyen, Saengchan Senapin, Janina Z. Costa, Jorge del- Pozo, Kim D. Thompson, Channarong Rodkhum, Ha Thanh Dong

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: tilapia broodstock; inactivated vaccines; maternal passive immunity; antibody

Online: 4 January 2022 (15:41:19 CET)

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a major pathogen of farmed tilapia, is known to be vertically transmitted. Here, we hypothesize that Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock immunized with a TiLV inactivated vaccine can mount a protective antibody response and passively transfer maternal antibodies to their fertilized eggs and larvae. To test this hypothesis, three groups of tilapia broodstock, each containing 4 males and 8 females, were immunized with either a heat-killed TiLV vaccine (HKV), a formalin-killed TiLV vaccine (FKV) (both administered at 3.6 ×106 TCID50 per fish), or with L15 medium. Booster vaccination with the same vaccines was given 3-weeks later, and mating took place 1 week thereafter. Broodstock blood sera, fertilized eggs and larvae were collected from 6-14 weeks post-primary vaccination for measurement of TiLV-specific antibody (anti-TiLV IgM) levels. In parallel, passive immunization using sera from the immunized female broodstock was administered to naïve tilapia juveniles to assess if antibodies induced in immunized broodstock were protective. The results showed that anti-TiLV IgM was produced in the majority of both male and female broodstock vaccinated with either the HKV or FKV and that and that these antibodies could be detected in the fertilized eggs and larvae from vaccinated broodstock. Higher levels of maternal antibody were observed in fertilized eggs from broodstock vaccinated with HKV than those vaccinated with FKV. Low levels of TiLV-IgM were detected in some of the 1-3-day old larvae but were undetectable in 7-14-day old larvae from the vaccinated broodstock, indicating a short persistence of TiLV-IgM in larvae. Moreover, passive immunization proved that antibodies elicited by TiLV vaccination were able to confer 85% to 90% protection against TiLV challenge in naïve juvenile tilapia. In conclusion, immunization of tilapia broodstock with TiLV vaccines could be a potential strategy for the prevention of TiLV in tilapia fertilized eggs and larvae, with HKV appearing to be more promising than FKV for maternal vaccination.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0400.v1

Jerusalem Artichoke as a Fodder Crop for Food Security Solutions

Alexandra Anatolyevna Manokhina, Alexey Semyonovich Dorokhov, Tamara Petrovna Kobozeva, Tatiana Nikolaevna Fomina, Oksana Anatolyevna Starovoitova

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Jerusalem artichoke; green mass; tubers; feed value

Online: 24 December 2021 (10:58:03 CET)

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Being a valuable source of inulin, fructose and pectin, Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is one of the most promising bioenergy crops for common usage. Animals have been reported to eat both Jerusalem artichoke green mass and tubers with pleasure. On the one hand, Jerusalem artichoke is cultivated on the area of about 3 thousand hectares in Russia. On the other hand, there are more than 200 crop species. So it is critical to choose a proper variety suitable both for soil and climatic conditions. The purpose of the research is to study Jerusalem artichoke, taking into account varietal characteristics appropriate for forage production. Research objects – varieties of Jerusalem artichoke: early ripening Skorospelka (RF); mid-early Vylgortskiy (RF); mid-season Dieticheskiy (RF), Kaluzhskiy (RF), Korenevskiy (RF), Nadezhda (RF), Nakhodka (RF), Podmoskovniy (RF), Sireniki (RB), Blank Brekos (France), Violet de Rense (France); late ripening Interest (RF), Interest 21 (RF), Novosti VIRa (RF), Tadzhikskiy Krasniy (USSR), Spindle (Germany). The soil for evaluating Jerusalem artichoke varieties was from experimental plot base "Korenevo". It is characterized as sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam. The field trial was established and the records and observations were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the field experiment methodology (1985), and the Program and methodology for evaluating Jerusalem artichoke varieties in test nurseries (2014). The varieties Vylgortskiy, Dieticheskiy, Nadezhda, Nakhodka, Sireniki, Skorospelka, Blank Brekos and Kaluzhskiy were found to reach due height of 155 - 170 cm at the end of the growing season; the varieties Podmoskovniy, Interest reached proper height of 175 - 208 cm; the varieties Interest 21, Tadzhikskiy and Violet de Rense were about 220 - 235 cm in hight; as for the varieties Korenevskiy, Novost VIRa, Spindlу their hight was 270 - 280 cm. According to aggregate amount of feed units per 1 ha, the following varieties have been shown to be the most reasonable for fodder production: Novost VIRa (22,438 fodder units), Nadezhda (19,928 fodder units), Korenevskiy (17,798 fodder units), Shpindle (16,887 fodder units), Dieticheskiy (16,395 fodder units), and Interest (16,116 fodder units). The highest total coefficient of energy efficiency has been found in the following varieties: Novost VIRa – 3.09, Tadzhikskiy – 2.78; Spindle – 2.68; Korenevskiy – 2.43; Interest – 2.10; Skorospelka – 1.98. The results of experimental and theoretical studies obtained were verified on-the-farm conditions based on a seed-speciality farm LLC Kaluga-Agro (the Kaluga region) and demonstrated beneficial effect.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0379.v1

Potential Existence of Heavy Metal Pollution and Pesticide in Honey-Based Products

Dg Nooralizan Abd Wahid, Wan Fahmi Wan Mohamad Nazarie, Roslina Jawan, Rahmath Abdulla, Jualang Azlan Gansau, Mohd Khalizan Sabullah

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: heavy metal; pesticides; honey bee; trace elements

Online: 23 December 2021 (10:15:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0349.v1

Research on Measurement Method of Yak Body Size and Weight Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Binocular Vision

Wenzhi Wang, Yuan Zhang, Jie He, Zhanqi Chen, Dan Li, Chong Ma, Rende Song, Yang Ba, Qiucuo Baima, Xiaoqin Li

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: yak; semantic segmentation; binocular vision; body size; weight stimation

Online: 22 December 2021 (10:33:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0344.v1

Pathogen-Free PTI Induction with a Plant Conditioner

Kincső Decsi, Barbara Kutasy, Márta Kiniczky, Géza Hegedűs, Zoltán Alföldi, Nikoletta Kálmán, Ágnes Nagy, Zsófia Thomas-Nyári, Eszter Virág

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: PAMP-triggered immunity; priming; transcriptomical analysis

Online: 21 December 2021 (14:06:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0325.v1

Enrichment of the Information Extracted From Hyperspectral Reflectance Images for Noninvasive Phenotyping

Alexei Solovchenko, Boris Shurygin, Andrey Kuzin, Vitaly Velichko, Olga Solovchenko, Alexandr Nikolenko, Andrey Krylov

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: phenotyping; proximal sensing; reflectance imaging; vegetation indices; hyperspectral reflectance; chlorophylls; carotenoids; anthocyanins; senescence; ripening

Online: 21 December 2021 (12:23:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0248.v1

Innovative Pulses for European Temperate Regions: A Review

Alicia Ayerdi Gotor, Elisa Marraccini

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Grain legumes; crop diversification; sustainable intensification; Growing Degree Days

Online: 15 December 2021 (08:21:42 CET)

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In the Global North, there is an increasing interest in pulses both for their beneficial effects in cropping systems and for human health. However, despite these advantages, the acreage dedi-cated to pulses has been declining and their diversity reduced, particularly in European temperate regions, due to several social and economic factors. This decline has stimulated a political debate in the EU on the development of plant proteins. By contrast, in the Global South, a large panel of minor pulses is still cropped in regional patterns of production and consumption. The aim of this paper is to investigate the for cultivation of potential minor pulses in European temperate regions as a complement to common pulses. Our assumption is that some of these crops could adapt to different pedo-climatic conditions, given their physiological adaptation capacity, and that these pulses might be of interest for the development of innovative local food chains in an EU policy context targeting protein autonomy. The research is based on a systematic review of 269 papers retrieved in the Scopus database (1974–2019), which allowed us to identify 41 pulses as candidate species with a protein content higher than 20% that are already consumed as food. For each spe-cies, the main agronomic (e.g. temperature or water requirements) and nutritional characteristics (e.g. proteins or antinutritional contents) were identified in their growing regions. Following their agronomic characteristics, the candidate crops were confronted with variability in the annual growing conditions for spring crops in European temperate areas to determine the earliest poten-tial sowing and latest harvest dates. Subsequently, the potential sum of temperatures was calcu-lated with the Agri4cast database to establish the potential climatic suitability. For the first time, 21 minor pulses were selected to be grown in these temperate areas and appear worthy of inves-tigation in terms of yield potential, nutritional characteristics or best management practices.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0232.v1

Mitigation of CaCO₃ Influences on Ipomoea batatas Plants Using Bacillus megaterium BSM 2894 var.

Ahmed A. M. Awad, AlShaymaa I. Ahmed, Atef A.A. Sweed

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Sweet potato; Phosphorus fertilizer; Bacillus megaterium DSM2894; leaf and tuberous root nutrients contents; Tuberous root yield

Online: 14 December 2021 (12:15:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0170.v1

Novel insights into the composition and characterization of the glutenin genes in common wheat Xinmai 26

Dale Zhang, Jiajia Ren, Wenjie Li, Xusen Kang, Shenglong Bai, Lijuan Yang, Zhikai Jiang, Suoping Li

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: HMW-GS; LMW-GS; MALDI-TOF-MS; Third-generation RNA sequencing; Rheological parameters

Online: 10 December 2021 (11:34:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0138.v2

Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques in Cotton Yield Prediction Using Satellite Remote Sensing

Francielle Morelli-Ferreira, Nayane Jaqueline Costa Maia, Danilo Tedesco, Elizabeth Haruna Kazama, Franciele Morlin Carneiro, Leticia Bernabe Santos, Getulio Freitas Seben Junior, Glauco Souza Rolim, Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi, Rouverson Pereira Silva

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Yield mapping; vegetation index; Stepwise; SR; Random Forest; KNN

Online: 9 December 2021 (15:39:34 CET)

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The use of machine learning techniques to predict yield based on remote sensing is a no-return path and studies conducted on farm aim to help rural producers in decision-making. Thus, commercial fields equipped with technologies in Mato Grosso, Brazil, were monitored by satellite images to predict cotton yield using supervised learning techniques. The objective of this research was to identify how early in the growing season, which vegetation indices and which machine learning algorithms are best to predict cotton yield at the farm level. For that, we went through the following steps: 1) We observed the yield in 398 ha (3 fields) and eight vegetation indices (VI) were calculated on five dates during the growing season. 2) Scenarios were created to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of results: Scenario 1: All Data (8 indices on 5 dates = 40 inputs) and Scenario 2: best variable selected by Stepwise regression (1 input). 3) In the search for the best algorithm, hyperparameter adjustments, calibrations and tests using machine learning were performed to predict yield and performances were evaluated. Scenario 1 had the best metrics in all fields of study, and the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms showed the best performances with adjusted R2 of 47% and RMSE of only 0.24 t ha^-1, however, in this scenario all predictive inputs that were generated throughout the growing season (approx. 180 days) are needed, so we optimized the prediction and tested only the best VI in each field, and found that among the eight VIs, the Simple Ratio (SR), driven by the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm predicts with 0.26 and 0.28 t ha^-1 of RMSE and 5.20% MAPE, anticipating the cotton yield with low error by ±143 days, and with important aspect of requiring less computational demand in the generation of the prediction when compared to MLP and RF, for example, enabling its use as a technique that helps predict cotton yield, resulting in time savings for planning, whether in marketing or in crop management strategies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0138.v1

Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques in Cotton Yield Prediction Using Satellite Remote Sensing

Francielle Morelli-Ferreira, Nayane Maia, Danilo Tedesco, Elizabeth Kazama, Franciele Carneiro, Leticia Santos, Getulio Seben Junior, Glauco Rolim, Luciano Shiratsuchi, Rouverson Silva

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Yield mapping; vegetation index; Stepwise; SR; Random Forest; KNN

Online: 8 December 2021 (14:41:31 CET)

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The use of machine learning techniques to predict yield based on remote sensing is a no-return path and studies conducted on farm aim to help rural producers in decision-making. Thus, commercial fields equipped with technologies in Mato Grosso, Brazil, were monitored by satellite images to predict cotton yield using supervised learning techniques. The objective of this research was to identify how early in the growing season, which vegetation indices and which machine learning algorithms are best to predict cotton yield at the farm level. For that, we went through the following steps: 1) We observed the yield in 398 ha (3 fields) and eight vegetation indices (VI) were calculated on five dates during the growing season. 2) Scenarios were created to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of results: Scenario 1: All Data (8 indices on 5 dates = 40 inputs) and Scenario 2: best variable selected by Stepwise regression (1 input). 3) In the search for the best algorithm, hyperparameter adjustments, calibrations and tests using machine learning were performed to predict yield and performances were evaluated. Scenario 1 had the best metrics in all fields of study, and the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms showed the best performances with adjusted R2 of 47% and RMSE of only 0.24 t ha^-1, however, in this scenario all predictive inputs that were generated throughout the growing season (approx. 180 days) are needed, so we optimized the prediction and tested only the best VI in each field, and found that among the eight VIs, the Simple Ratio (SR), driven by the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm predicts with 0.26 and 0.28 t ha^-1 of RMSE and 5.20% MAPE, anticipating the cotton yield with low error by ±143 days, and with important aspect of requiring less computational demand in the generation of the prediction when compared to MLP and RF, for example, enabling its use as a technique that helps predict cotton yield, resulting in time savings for planning, whether in marketing or in crop management strategies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0130.v1

Environmental Accounting of the Yellow-Tail Lambari Aquaculture: Sustainability of Rural Freshwater Pond Systems

Tamara Fonseca, Wagner C. Valenti, Biagio F. Giannetti, Fernando H. Gonçalves, Feni Agostinho

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: rural aquaculture; water use; emergy; fish production

Online: 8 December 2021 (14:21:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0127.v1

Viability, Stability and Biocontrol Activity in Planta of Specific Ralstonia Solanacearum Bacteriophages After Their Conservation Prior to Commercialization and Use

Belén Álvarez, Laura Gadea-Pallás, Alejandro Rodríguez, Begonya Vicedo, Àngela Figàs-Segura, Elena G. Biosca

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: plant pathogenic bacterium; phage; bacterial wilt; biological control; lyophilization

Online: 8 December 2021 (14:12:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0125.v1

Processes of Nutrition, Metabolism, Biosynthesis of Milk Components and Vitality of Cows With High and Low-Fat Milk

Evgeniy Kharitonov

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: cows; milk fat; ruminal fluid; milk fatty acids; energy balance

Online: 8 December 2021 (14:08:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0114.v1

Effects of Selected Soil and Water Conservation Structures on Soil Physiochemical Properties, Lemo Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

Mulatu Chernet Madolo, Yohannes Horamo More, Melese Gogo Masamo

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Erodibility; Fanya juu; Soil bund; Soil physicochemical properties

Online: 8 December 2021 (07:32:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0069.v1

The Lack of Knowledge on the Microbiome of Golf Turfgrasses Impedes the Development of Successful Microbial Products

Uli Stingl, Chang Jae Choi, Braham Dhillon, Marco Schiavon

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: microbiome; golf turf; turfgrasses; biocontrol; microbial communities; endophytes

Online: 6 December 2021 (12:19:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0049.v1

Genomic Analysis of the First European Bacteriophages with Depolymerase Activity and Biocontrol Efficacy Against the Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum

Elena G. Biosca, José F. Català-Senent, Àngela Figàs-Segura, Edson Bertolini, María M. López, Belén Álvarez

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: bacterial wilt; biological control; phage; microscopy; sequencing; molecular characterization; genomic characterization; depolymerase

Online: 3 December 2021 (10:36:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0574.v1

Use of X-Ray Mutagenesis to Increase Genetic Diversity of Zantedeschia aethiopica for Early Flowering, Improved Tolerance to Bacterial Soft Rot and Higher Yield

Noam Reznik, Bijaya Sharma Subedi, Shoshana Weisman, Gavriel Friesem, Nir Carmi, Iris Yedidia, Michal Sharon-Cohen

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Zantedeschia aethiopica; X-ray mutagenesis; cultivation; Pectobacterium; mutation breeding

Online: 30 November 2021 (14:42:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0520.v1

Tillage Practices in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production: A Review

Koffi Djaman, Komlan Koudahe, Houteta D. Koubodana, Aminou Saibou, Samuel Essah

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: potato; tillage types; soil properties; diseases; tuber yield; quality

Online: 29 November 2021 (11:10:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0475.v1

Influence of No-Till Practices on the Organic Matter Chemical Composition of Protocalcic, Endocalcic and Pantocalcic Chernozems

Vladimir Alexeevich Kholodov, Yulian Robertovich Farkhodov, Nadezhda Vasilievna Yaroslavtseva, Svyatoslav Vadimovich Maximovich, Sergei Anatolievich Yudin, Nikita Romanovich Ermolaev, Victor Korneevich Dridiger, Boris Sergeevich Ilyin, Vladimir Ivanovich Lazarev, Victor Petrovich Belobrov

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Chernozems; No-till; soil organic matter; Calcium; double-shot pyrolysis; GC/MS

Online: 25 November 2021 (12:53:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0203.v1

From Single Cells to Flowers – Biological Complexity Driving Plant Reproductive Development

Isabel Schwarz, Manuel Neumann, Rosario Vega, Xiaocai Xu, Letizia Cornaro, Lucia Colombo, Teva Vernoux, Jian Xu, Sebastian Marquardt, Kerstin Kaufmann

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: flower development; epigenetics; RNA biology; Genomics; single cell biology

Online: 10 November 2021 (11:00:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0144.v1

Sorghum Drought Tolerance is Associated with Deeper Root System and Decreased Transpiration Rate

Srinivasan Gowsiga, Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman, Nallasamy Thavaprakaash, Prabhakaran Jeyakumar, Govindaraj Mahalingam

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Deep root system; Photosynthetic rate; Root angle; Root length; Sorghum; Transpiration rate

Online: 8 November 2021 (13:27:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0141.v1

The Effect of Various Salinities and Light Intensities on the Growth Performance of Five Locally Isolated Microalgae [Amphidinium carterae, Nephroselmis sp., Tetraselmis sp. (var. red pappas), Asteromonas gracilis and Dunaliella sp.] in Laboratory Batch Cultures

George Hotos

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: salinity, light, growth, microalgae, Amphidinium, Nephroselmis, Tetraselmis, Asteromonas, Dunaliella

Online: 8 November 2021 (13:20:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0076.v1

Microbes in the Datura Rootzone Contribute to an Antioxidant Support System of Flavonoids and Other Aromatic Compounds

Savanah Senn, Kelly Pangell, Adrianna L. Bowerman

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Weed science; Plant-microbe interactions; Medicinal plants; shotgun metagenomics; soil metabarcoding

Online: 3 November 2021 (09:19:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0340.v1

Effects on Soil P Content, P Sorption and Risk of Eutrophication of Waterbodies of Outdoor Pig Production Areas

Carmo Horta, Natália Roque

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: eutrophication; phosphorus sorption; soil Olsen P; soil organic matter

Online: 25 October 2021 (10:40:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0317.v1

The Importance, Unexploited Opportunities and Challenges of Vermicomposting Technology in Ethiopia

Tadie Girma Dadi, Hana Tamrat Gebirehiwot

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Invasive weeds; Organic Fertilizers; Vermicomposting Technology; Ethiopia.

Online: 21 October 2021 (22:53:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0266.v1

Agronomic Factors Influencing the Scale of Fusarium Mycotoxin Contamination of Oats

Oluwatobi Kolawole, Karl DeRuyck, Brett Greer, Julie Meneely, Fiona Doohan, Martin Danaher, Christopher Elliott

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Mycotoxins; Agricultural Practices; Mycotoxigenic Fungi; Fusarium; Oats; Cereals; Statistical Analysis; Agronomic

Online: 19 October 2021 (10:18:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0228.v1

Differential Gene Expression Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Flax Cultivars in Response to Fusarium oxysporum Stress

He Rui, Chang Yin Dong, Wang Jian Ming

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: flax; Fusarium oxysporum; differential expression genes; GO enrichment analysis; KEGG enrichment analysis

Online: 15 October 2021 (14:32:42 CEST)

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A plant’s early response to pathogen stress is a vital indicator of its disease resistance. In order to study the response mechanism of resistant and susceptible flax cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini (Foln), we applied RNA-sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of flax with Foln 0.5, 2 and 8 hours post inoculation (hpi). We found a significant difference in the number of differential expression genes (DEGs) between resistant and susceptible flax clutivars. The number of DEGs in the Fusarium-resistant cultivar increased dramatically at 2 hpi, and a large number of DEGs participated in the Fusarium-susceptible cultivar response to Foln infection 0.5 hpi. GO enrichment analysis determined that the up-regulated DEGs of both flax cultivars were enriched such as oxidoreductase activity and oxidation-reduction process. At the same time, the genes involved in diterpenoid synthesis were up-regulated in resistant cultivar, while those involved in extracellular region, cell wall and organophosphate ester transport were down-regulated in susceptible cultivar. KEGG enrichment analysis showed the genes encoded WRKY 22 and WRKY33 which involved in MAPK signaling pathway were up-regulated expressed in S-29 and down-regulated expressed in R-7, negatively regulated the disease resistance of flax; The genes encoded Hsp 90 family which in involved in plant pathogen interaction pathway were up-regulated in R-7 and down-regulated in S-29, which positively regulated the disease resistance of flax; The genes encoded MYC2 transcription factor and TIFY proteins which involved in plant hormone signaling pathway were up-regulated in R-7, and regulated the jasmonic acid metabolism of flax and the signal transduction of plant hormones. Meanwhile seven regulatory genes with the most correlation were screened out, Among Lus10025000.g and Lus10026447.g regulated other genes expressed both in plant hormone signal transduction pathway and MAPK signal pathway. In conclusion, these findings will facilitate further studies on the function of these candidate genes in flax of response to Fusarium stress, and the breeding of disease-resistant flax cultivar.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0209.v1

Combination Breeding and Marker-Assisted Selection to Develop Late Blight Resistant Potato Cultivars

Mariya P. Beketova, Nadezhda A. Chalaya, Nadezhda M. Zoteyeva, Alena A. Gurina, Mariya A. Kuznetsova, Miles Armstrong, Ingo Hein, Polina E. Drobyazina, Emil E. Khavkin, Еlena V. Rogozina

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Rpi-genes; parental lines; hybrid progeny; dRenSeq; SCAR markers.

Online: 14 October 2021 (08:38:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0183.v1

Active Sensor Algorithm Approach to Optimize Nitrogen Rate Fertilization in Cotton Production

Jonnas De Marchi, Ziany Brandao, Thiago Machado, Luciano Shiratsuchi

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: precision agriculture; active crop canopy sensors; proximal remote sensing; variable rate fertilization

Online: 12 October 2021 (12:56:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0116.v1

Potential of Sunflower-Legume Intercropping: A Way Forward in Sustainable Production of Sunflower in Temperate Climatic Conditions

Brankica Babec, Srđan Šeremešić, Nada Hladni, Nemanja Ćuk, Dušan Stanisavljević, Miloš Rajković

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: sunflower; intercropping; legumes; sustainable production

Online: 7 October 2021 (10:56:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0062.v1

Gene Profile Analysis and Molecular-Physiological Evaluation of Tomato Genotypes Under Drought Stress

Rahele Ghanbari Moheb Seraj, Masoud Tohidfar, Asadollah Ahmadikhah

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Bioinformatics analysis; Drought stress; Gene expression; Physiological parameters; Tomato; Transcriptome.

Online: 4 October 2021 (15:01:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0043.v1

In vitro Methane Mitigation Potential of Foliage of Fodder Trees Mixed at Two Levels with a Tropical Grass

Sara Stephanie Valencia Salazar, Guillermo Jiménez-Ferrer, Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero, Juan Carlos Ku-Vera, Ngonidzashe Chirinda, Jacobo Arango

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Grass; Greenhouse Gases; Ruminal Degradation; Secondary Metabolites; Tropical Livestock Systems

Online: 4 October 2021 (10:40:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0451.v1

Assessing the Weed-Suppressing Potential of Cotton Chromosome Substitution Lines Using the Stair-Step Assay

Mary Gracen Fuller, Sukumar Saha, David M Stelly, Johnie N Jenkins, Te Ming Tseng

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Allelopathy; Gossypium hirsutum; chromosome substitution; sustainable weed management.

Online: 27 September 2021 (12:56:50 CEST)

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Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) is a problematic common weed species, especially in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). With the wide use of chemical herbicide and herbicide-tolerant transgenic cotton lines, Palmer amaranth populations have developed tolerance to commonly used herbicides. It is imperative to develop alternative weed control methods to slow the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed populations and provide new sources for weed management. Eleven chromosome substitution (CS) cotton lines CS-B26lo, CS-T17, CS-B16-15, CS-B17-11, CS-B12, CS-T05sh, CS-T26lo, CS-T11sh, CS-M11sh, CS-B22sh, and CS-B22lo were screened for weed-suppressing abilities in this study. The cotton lines were tested using the established stair-step structure methodology, which provided scope to study the effect of individual CS lines on the growth and development of Palmer amaranth weed without any interference of other external factors in the greenhouse. Height (cm) and chlorophyll concentration (cci) were measured for each plant in the system. The data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using LSD mean comparisons of the genotypes at the P≤ .05 level. The 14th day after establishment resulted in the most significant variation in Palmer amaranth height reduction among the CS lines. Results indicated that CS-B22sh had the highest effect in reducing Palmer amaranth height and chlorophyll concentration with the most heightened susceptibility for Palmer amaranth. The cluster analysis revealed that Enlist® cotton, CS-CS-B22sh, and CS-T26lo were clustered in one group suggesting similar genetic potential with reference to Palmer amaranth growth and development. CS-B22sh showed novel genetic potential to control the growth and development of Palmer amaranth, a major weed in cotton fields. In the future, it will be interesting to investigate if CS-B22sh exudates from its root contain allelochemicals able to impede the growth and development of Palmer amaranth.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Efficacy of Chemical Herbicides Using a Novel Encapsulated Delivery Mechanism for Mimosa Bush (Vachellia farnesiana) Control

Amelia Limbongan, Shane Campbell, Victor Galea

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: mimosa bush; control; chemical herbicides; encapsulation; implantation

Online: 22 September 2021 (11:48:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0367.v1

Enabling Year-round Cultivation in the Nordics - Agrivoltaics and Adaptive LED Lighting Control of Daily Light Integral

Marco Hernandez Velasco

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: daily light integral (DLI) maps; LED grow lights; greenhouse integrated PV; adaptive lighting control; year-round cultivation; agrivoltaics

Online: 21 September 2021 (14:31:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0240.v1

Potential Targets for Evaluation of Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus Resistance in Sugarcane Cultivars: In silico Sugarcane miRNA and Target Network Prediction

Muhammad Aleem Ashraf, Xiaoyan Feng, Linbo Shen, Shuzhen Zhang

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Gene Silencing; Host–Virus Interaction; RNA Interference; Saccharum officinarum; Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus and Target Prediction

Online: 14 September 2021 (12:43:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0381.v2

Genotype-Dependent Variation of Nutritional Quality-Related Traits in Quinoa Seeds

Sara Granado-Rodríguez, Susana Vilariño-Rodríguez, Isaac Maestro-Gaitán, Javier Matías, María José Rodríguez, Patricia Calvo, Verónica Cruz, Luis Bolaños, María Reguera

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: quinoa; genotype; nutritional traits; seed quality

Online: 8 September 2021 (12:37:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0128.v1

Soil Microbial Differences under Unpalatable Stellera Chamaejasme and Neighboring Palatable Elymus Nutans in Alpine Meadows

Jianguo Ma

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Poisonous plants; soil microbial communities; Stellera chamaejasme; Elymus nutans

Online: 7 September 2021 (12:17:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0046.v1

Canopy Spraying of Abscisic Acid to Improve Fruit Quality of Different Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Alson Time, Claudio Ponce, Nathalie Kuhn, Macarena Arellano, Boris Sagredo, José Manuel Donoso, Lee A. Meisel

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: growth regulator; ABA; NDGA; Prunus avium; fruit color

Online: 2 September 2021 (15:39:00 CEST)

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Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

Hypothesis: AT Homopolymer Strings in Salmonella enterica subspecies I Contribute to Speciation and Serovar Diversity

Jean Guard, Adam R Rivers, Justin N Vaughn, Michael J Rothrock, Jr, Adelumola Oladeinde, Devendra H Shah

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Salmonella enterica; food safety; genome; theory; single nucleotide polymorphisms; recombination; serotype

Online: 31 August 2021 (12:47:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0362.v2

Efficacy and Toxicity of VarroMed® Used for Controlling Varroa Destructor Infestation in Different Seasons and Geographical Areas

Maja Ivana Smodiš Škerl, Jorge Rivera-Gomis, Ivana Tlak Gajger, Jernej Bubnič, Gabriela Talakić, Giovanni Formato, Alessandra Baggio, Franco Mutinelli, Wim Tollenaers, Dries Laget, Valeria Malagnini, Livia Zanotelli, Marco Pietropaoli

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: VarroMed®; Varroa destructor; winter treatment; summer-autumn treatment; queen caging; brood interruption

Online: 30 August 2021 (12:52:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0464.v1

Rheological Study of an Extruded Fish Diet with the Addition of Hydrolyzed Protein Meal

José Luis Hoyos-Concha, Hector Samuel Villada-Castillo, Alejandro Fernández-Quintero, Rodrigo Ortega-Toro

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Hydrolyzed protein flour; Cassava starch; In-line rheology; Power law; Pseudoplastic

Online: 24 August 2021 (11:35:12 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Biofertilization Alters the Composition and Interaction of the Protistan Community in the Wheat Rhizosphere under Field Conditions

Yongbin Li, Caixia Wang, Sanfeng Chen

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Microbiome; Diazotroph; Nitrogen fixation bacteria; Random Forest; Network; Trichomona

Online: 23 August 2021 (12:15:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0358.v1

Effects of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on Nitrogen Content in Soybean Leaves and Seeds Cultivated on Acidic Soils

Ben Tshibuyi Kasu-Bandi, Fabien Kitengie Kitengie, Jonas Lwamuguma Bagaluza, Aristote Bwende Nkolomini, Emery Kasongo Lenge, Antoine Kanyenga Lubobo

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Symbiosis; rhizobium; Ferralsol; Haut-Katanga

Online: 17 August 2021 (10:16:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0317.v1

Impacts of COVID-19 on Diverse Farm Systems in Tanzania and South Africa

Hemant G Tripathi, Harriet E Smith, Steven M. Sait, Susannah M. Sallu, Stephen Whitfield, Astrid Jankielsohn, William E Kunin, Ndumiso Mazibuko, Bonani Nyhodo

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: COVID-19; Africa; food systems; agriculture

Online: 16 August 2021 (10:47:45 CEST)

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Emerging information on the interactions between the COVID-19 pandemic and global food systems has highlighted how the pandemic is accentuating food crises across Africa. Less clear, however, are how the impacts differ between farming systems. Drawing on 50 key informant interviews with farmers, village leaders and extension officers, in South Africa and Tanzania, we identify the effects of COVID-19 and associated measures to curb the spread of the disease on farming production systems, the coping mechanisms adopted by farmers, and explore their longer-term plans for adaptation. We focus on a diverse range of production systems, from small-scale mixed farming systems in Tanzania, to large-scale corporate farms in South Africa. Our findings highlight how COVID-19 restrictions have interrupted the supply chains of agricultural inputs and commodities, increasing the storage time for produce, decreasing income and purchasing power, and reducing labour availability. Farmers’ responses were heterogeneous, with highly diverse small-scale farming systems and those less engaged with international markets least affected by the associated COVID-19 measures. Large-scale farmers were most able to access capital to buffer short-term impacts, whereas smaller-scale farms shared labour, diversified to subsistence produce and sold assets. However, compounded shocks, such as recent extreme climate events, limited the available coping options, particularly for smaller-scale and emerging farmers. The study highlights the need to understand the characteristics of farm systems to better equip and support farmers, particularly in contexts of uncertainty. We propose that policy actions should focus on (i) providing temporary relief and social support and protection to financially vulnerable stakeholders, (ii) job assurance for farmworkers, and engaging an alternative workforce in farming, (iii) investing in farming infrastructure, such as storage facilities, digital communication tools, and extension services, and iv) supporting diversified agroecological farming systems.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0232.v1

A Global Systematic Review on Biology, Production Constraints and Uses of Cyperus exculentus L. (Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species): Implications for Valorization.

Ghislain Comlan Akabassi, Koffi Kibalou Palanga, Elie Antoine Padonou, Yao Dodzi Dagnon, Koffi Tozo, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Cyperus exculentus; Neglected/Underutilized Crop species; Biology; Uses; Production constraints

Online: 10 August 2021 (12:33:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0174.v1

Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Animal Products in Human Health – One Health Perspective

Carla Miranda, Diogo Contente, Gilberto Igrejas, Sandra Paula de Aguiar e Câmara, Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius, Patrícia Poeta

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: lactic acid bacteria; food-producing animals; dairy products; health benefits; One health; antimicrobial resistance; probiotics; starter cultures; adjunct cultures; protective cultures.

Online: 7 August 2021 (00:17:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0502.v1

Subcritical Water Extracts from Agaricus blazei Murrill's Mycelium Inhibits the Expression of Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Axl receptor

Taro Yasuma, Masaaki Toda, Hajime Kobori, Naoto Tada, Corina D'Alessandro-Gabazza, Esteban Gabazza

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: mushroom; immune checkpoints; Axl receptor; lung cancer; dendritic cells; immune response.

Online: 21 July 2021 (15:43:11 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Intraspecies variation in Tetrahymena rostrata

Anne Watt, Neil Young, Ruth Haites, Kerry Dunse, Derek Russell, Helen Billman-Jacobe

Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Ciliophora; mtSSUrRNA; Histone; origin of replication

Online: 19 July 2021 (13:47:38 CEST)

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BIOLOGY