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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1921.v1

Pre-season ACL Risk Classification of Professional and Semi-professional Football Players, via a Holistic Test-battery

Charis Tsarbou, Nikolaos Liveris, Sofia Xergia, Maria Tsekoura, Konstantinos Fousekis, Elias Tsepis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: ACL; screening; injury-risk; prevention; LESS; asymmetry; soccer

Online: 26 May 2023 (10:42:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1797.v1

Nightingale: Web components for protein feature visualization

Gustavo A Salazar, Aurelien Luciani, Xavier Watkins, Swaathi Kandasaamy, Daniel L Rice, Matthias Blum, Alex Bateman, Maria Martin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Visualization, Bioinformatics, Proteins, Software, Web services

Online: 25 May 2023 (10:19:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1600.v1

Rutin Promotes Proliferation and Orchestrates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Homa Hajimehdipour, Zahra Tahmasvand, Fatemeh Ghorban Nejad, Marc Maresca, Sadegh Rajabi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Breast cancer; Rutin; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Metastasis; Angiogenesis

Online: 23 May 2023 (07:41:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1476.v1

An Impact of Biologic Treatment on PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway Disturbances in Psoriasis

Michał Adamczyk, Joanna Bartosińska, Dorota Raczkiewicz, Anna Michalak-Stoma, Dorota Krasowska

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: psoriasis; systemic treatment; biologic treatment; immune checkpoint

Online: 22 May 2023 (08:42:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1399.v1

Phylogeny Analysis and Functional Characterizatiion of CYP76AHs from Salvia

Zhenyu Zhao, Dongfeng Yang, Juan Guo, Xiuyu Liu, Ying Ma, Luqi Huang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Salvia; CYP76AH; P450; biosynthesis; functional gene

Online: 19 May 2023 (07:52:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0920.v1

Unveiling the Potential of BenzylethyleneAryl-Urea Scaffolds for Designing of new Onco Immunomodulating Agents

Raquel Gil-Edo, Santiago Royo, Miguel Carda, Eva Falomir

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Aryl urea, angiogenesis, PD-L1, VEGFR-2, immune checkpoints, CD-11b, CD-80, THP-1, HT-29, co-cultures, tumor microenvironment.

Online: 25 April 2023 (10:23:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0677.v1

Simultaneous Quantitation and Discovery (SQUAD) Analysis: Combining the Best of Targeted and Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Bashar Amer, Rahul R. Deshpande, Susan S. Bird

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Metabolomics; Simultaneous Quantitation and Discovery (SQUAD); Targeted Metabolomics; Untargeted Metabolomics

Online: 21 April 2023 (07:29:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0226.v2

Long-Term Care Facilities for Older People in Brazil and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Epidemiological Data and Preventive Measures

Tatiana Barral Lacerda¹, Marcella Assis, Vitoria Silva, Luiza Duarte, Ana Gonçalves, Poliana Carvalho, Natália Horta, Marina Souza, Leani Pereira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; nursing home; mortality

Online: 5 April 2023 (12:35:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0534.v1

Effect of Snowmelt on Groundwater Bacterial Community Composition and Potential Role of Surface Environments as Microbial Seed Bank in Two Distinct Aquifers from the Region of Quebec, Canada

Karine Villeneuve, Valérie Turcotte-Blais, Cassandre Sara Lazar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Aquifer; Groundwater recharge; Groundwater microbial ecology; Snowmelt; Bacterial communities Perturbation

Online: 31 March 2023 (02:25:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202212.0430.v1

EAQD-PC: Learning Model to Train Students' Metacognitive Skills to Overcome Difficulties in Learning Biology

Nurmi - Nurmi, Herawati Susilo, Ibrohim Ibrohim, Suhadi - Suhadi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: EAQD-PC; Metacognitive skills; train and learning model

Online: 22 December 2022 (13:49:40 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0164.v1

Ten Simple Rules for Easily Establishing Your First Professional Social Media Page for Job Hunting

Abril Zuniga, Carl Westin, Christopher Smith, Cole Souza, Robin Zamora, Cristal Zuniga

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Social media; professional network; linkedin

Online: 9 November 2022 (02:05:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0320.v4

Ten Simple Rules for Using Public Biological Data for Your Research

Vishal Oza, Jordan Whitlock, Elizabeth Wilk, Angelina Uno-Antonison, Brandon Wilk, Manavalan Gajapathy, Timothy Howton, Austyn Trull, Lara Ianov, Elizabeth Worthey, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: data; reproducibility; FAIR; data reuse; public data; big data; analysis

Online: 2 November 2022 (02:55:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0320.v3

Ten Simple Rules for Using Public Biological Data for Your Research

Vishal Oza, Jordan Whitlock, Elizabeth Wilk, Angelina Uno-Antonison, Brandon Wilk, Manavalan Gajapathy, Timothy Howton, Austyn Trull, Lara Ianov, Elizabeth Worthey, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: data; reproducibility; FAIR; data reuse; public data; big data; analysis

Online: 23 September 2022 (03:16:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0320.v2

Ten Simple Rules for Using Public Biological Data for Your Research

Vishal Oza, Jordan Whitlock, Elizabeth Wilk, Angelina Uno-Antonison, Brandon Wilk, Manavalan Gajapathy, Timothy Howton, Austyn Trull, Lara Ianov, Elizabeth Worthey, Brittany Lasseigne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: data; reproducibility; FAIR; data reuse; public data; big data; analysis

Online: 21 September 2022 (04:35:48 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0402.v1

Fitness, Optima, and Simplicity

Kamaludin Dingle

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: evolution; fitness; optimisation; algorithmic information theory

Online: 24 August 2022 (02:28:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0101.v1

Greek Military Nursing Officers’ Leadership Style: Compassion Competence and Personal Level at Work

KLIMENTIDOU THOMAI, Pavlos Sarafis, IOANNIS APOSTOLAKIS, MARIA MALLIAROU

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: compassion; military nurse; leadership style

Online: 4 August 2022 (05:21:03 CEST)

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Abstract: The present study seeks to investigate MNOs leadership style and how it influences their compassion competence and their personal level of compassion at work. This is a cross-sectional study carried out from December 2019 to May 2020 using the method of convenience sampling. The study involved 235 MNOs serving in Greek Military Hospitals. A single questionnaire containing Compassion at Work index, Compassion competence scale, and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X), and socio-demographic and professional data, was used for data collection. A total of 400 printed questionnaires were distributed with a response rate of 58.75%. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS 22.0. The research showed that the transformational and transactional leadership styles coexist in the Nursing Corps of the Armed Forces with an average value of 2.72(SD=0.70)-2.95(SD=0.54) points and 2.47(SD=0.69)-2.74(SD=0.63) points respectively, while the passive style represented a very small percentage with an average subscale value of 0.88(SD=0.61)-0.94(SD=0.63) points. It was also found that both actual compassion at work and compassion ability had improved with the increase of transformational or transactional leadership style characteristics and amelioration of leadership outcome criteria. On the other side, a deterioration of these was observed with the increase of the passive leadership. Specifically, a higher score in the «Intellectual Stimulation» scale was associated with a higher level of compassion at work in the dimension «Experiencing the suffering of others» (p=0.010/SD=0.14), while higher values on the «Laissez-Faire Leadership» scale were associated with less compassion at work in the same dimension (p<0.001/SD=0.13). Also, a higher score on the «Contingent Reward» scale was associated with more compassion at work in the dimension «Takes appropriate action» (p=0.023/SD=0.16). Furthermore, higher values observed in the «Inspirational Motivation», «Individual Consideration» and «Extra Effort» scales were associated with a better communication ability (p=0.035/SD=0.09, p=0.022/SD=0.12, and p=0.042/SD=0.08 accordingly). Finally, a higher score on the «Effectiveness» scale was associated with higher sensitivity (p=0.049/SD=0.08). Teaching appropriate leadership behavior, promoting a culture of compassion, and continuing to train nurses to manage their emotions should be included in the infrastructure of nursing science.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0260.v1

Evaluating the Sensitivity of Heat Wave Definitions Among North Carolina Physiographic Regions

Jagadeesh Puvvula, Azar Abadi, Kathryn Conlon, Jared Rennie, Hunter Jones, Jesse Bell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Heat Wave; Heat-related illness; Early heat-health warning systems

Online: 18 July 2022 (10:14:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0119.v1

Health System and Policy Analysis: Why There Is a Need for a Paradigm Shift in Our Approach to Improve Health Status of Brick-Kiln Migrant Workers in India?

Fnu Kajal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: health policy; unorganised sector; brick-kiln workers; migrant; migration

Online: 8 June 2022 (08:54:52 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0032.v1

Application of the Bayesian Conformity Assessment Framework from JCGM 106:2012 for Lot Inspection on the Basis of Single Items

Bertrand Colson, Steffen Uhlig, Rainer Göb, Petra Gowik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Conformity assessment; lot inspection; acceptance sampling; Quality level; sample size; Bayesian statistics; prior distribution; posterior distribution; consumer risk; producer risk

Online: 2 June 2022 (10:59:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0328.v3

Fan-shaped Spectrums of Species and Paleopolyploidy for Foundation of Crossbreeding Evolution

Li-Yuan Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Evolution; Speciation; Crossbreeding; Hybridization; Species spectrum; Polyploidization; Somatic cell hybridization; Mutation

Online: 3 March 2022 (10:25:51 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0328.v2

Fan-shaped Spectrums of Species and Paleopolyploidy for Foundation of Crossbreeding Evolution

Li-Yuan Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Evolution; Speciation; Crossbreeding; Hybridization; Species spectrum; Polyploidization; Mutation

Online: 30 November 2021 (11:04:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0419.v1

Facing the Harsh Reality of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) Legislation

Frank Michiels, Ulrich Feiter, Stéphanie Paquin-Jaloux, Diana Jungmann, Axel Braun, Mary Ann P. Sayoc, Ricard Armengol, Markus Wyss, Bruno David

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Convention on Biological Diversity; Access and Benefit Sharing; Nagoya Protocol; industry perspective

Online: 23 November 2021 (10:46:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0303.v2

Ten Simple Rules for FAIR Sharing of Experimental and Clinical Data with the Modeling Community

Matthias König, Jan Grzegorzewski, Martin Golebiewski, Henning Hermjakob, Mike Hucka, Brett Olivier, Sarah Keating, David Nickerson, Falk Schreiber, Rahuman Sheriff, Dagmar Waltemath

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: data sharing; FAIR

Online: 19 November 2021 (08:38:42 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0530.v1

Energy Homeostasis Principle: A Naturalistic Approach to Explain the Emergence of Behavior

Sergio Vicencio, Mario Villalobos, Pedro Maldonado, Rodrigo Vergara

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: energy; homeostasis; neural network; behavior; free energy principle

Online: 30 September 2021 (17:49:37 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0132.v1

A need for Recalibration of the Discussions on Access and Benefit Sharing

Rodrigo Sara, Markus Wyss, René Custers, Anouk in 't Veld, Dominic Muyldermans

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS); resource mobilization; Digital Sequence Information (DSI); Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework; biodiversity crisis

Online: 7 September 2021 (16:07:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0550.v1

Heat, Heatwaves and Cardiorespiratory Hospital Admissions in Helsinki, Finland

Hasan Bin Sohail, Pekka Tiittanen, Virpi Kollanus, Alexandra Schneider, Timo Lanki

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Heat; Heatwave; Cardiovascular diseases; Respiratory diseases; Hospital admissions; Climate change; ambient temperature; Public health; time series; summer months

Online: 23 September 2020 (10:32:12 CEST)

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Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

Extending the Explanatory Scope of Evolutionary Theory: The Origination of Historical Kinds in Biology and Culture

Günter P. Wagner, Gary Tomlinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: historical kinds; individuation; cultural evolution; evolutionary innovation

Online: 22 September 2020 (08:45:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0211.v1

Assessment of the Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on a Large River Using Longfin Eel as a Bioindicator

Olivier Champeau, James Ataria, Grant Northcott, Gen Kume, Andrew Barrick, Louis A. Tremblay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: New Zealand; biomarkers; environmental health assessment; Anguilla dieffenbachii

Online: 9 September 2020 (11:45:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0647.v1

Biological Organization Principles: Biogenesis, Cognition and Evolution of Living Systems

Carlos Maureira, Jose Garcia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Biological Organization Principles; Dynamical Systems; Bayesian Inference and Brian; FEP; Autopoiesis; Evolution; Cognition; Niche; KAM-dynamics Contents

Online: 28 August 2020 (15:08:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0085.v1

A Novel Method for Estimating Throwing Speed in Handball using a Wearable Device

Sebastian D Skejø, Jesper Bencke, Merete Møller, Henrik Sørensen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Accelerometer; throwing velocity; inertial measurement unit; throwing load; shoulder load

Online: 4 August 2020 (11:03:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0226.v2

The Non-Tragedy of the Non-Linear Commons

Marco Archetti, István Scheuring, Douglas Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: positive assortment; public goods; collective action; common-pool resources; cooperation; game theory; group selection; kin selection; social dilemma

Online: 16 June 2020 (12:35:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0226.v1

The Non-Tragedy of the Non-Linear Commons

Marco Archetti, István Scheuring, Douglas Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: positive assortment; public goods; collective action; common-pool resources; cooperation; game theory; group selection; kin selection; social dilemma

Online: 15 April 2020 (02:51:41 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0025.v1

Extending the Explanatory Scope of Evolutionary Theory: The Origin of Historical Kinds in Biology and Culture

Gunter Wagner, Gary Tomlinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: historical kinds; individuation; cultural evolution; evolutionary innovation

Online: 3 April 2020 (04:28:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0132.v1

Body Temperature Responses during Phases of Work in Human Remains Detection Dogs Undergoing a Simulated Deployment

Janice Baker, Mallory DeChant, Eileen Jenkins, George Moore, Kathleen Kelsey, Erin Perry

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: working dogs; travel; thermal stress

Online: 8 March 2020 (04:40:36 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Bistability of Somatic Pattern Memories: Stochastic Outcomes in Bioelectric Circuits Underlying Regeneration

Giovanni Pezzulo, Joshua LaPalme, Fallon Durant, Michael Levin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: regeneration; bioelectricity; planaria; bistability; memory; cognitive science

Online: 28 November 2019 (03:12:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0205.v1

Factors Influencing the Disaster-Incident-Related Shock Experienced by Korean Nursing Students

Sohyune R. Sok, Minkyung Gu, Ran Kim, Hyunjung Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: disasters; health status; coping skill; nursing student

Online: 17 November 2019 (13:44:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0319.v1

Between Life and Death: Reducing Phototoxicity in Super-Resolution Microscopy

Kalina L. Tosheva, Yue Yuan, Pedro M. Pereira, Siân Culley, Ricardo Henriques

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Phototoxicity, Photodamage, Super-Resolution Microscopy, Fluorescence

Online: 30 August 2019 (08:22:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0184.v1

Numerous Paradoxes Explained by Bandwagoning

Idan Solon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: depression; nurturing; honest signaling; reproductive suppression; anthocyanins; hormesis

Online: 15 July 2019 (13:31:03 CEST)

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Background: Solon (2019) introduced genetic bandwagoning in a very general sense: A variant sequentially 1) evaluates its holder’s quality and 2) induces its holder to relinquish resources if the holder’s quality is low. Here, I introduce a more complex form of bandwagoning in order to account for a series of phenomena considered “paradoxical” by scientists specializing in their literatures: a) depression, b) differential nurturing, c) honest signaling of quality, d) reproductive suppression, e) stress-induced anthocyanins, and f) hormesis. These literatures are characterized by the following findings: 1) Low-quality individuals incur a cost against reproductive success compared to higher-quality individuals. 2) Individuals not (yet) identified as low-quality incur a cost against their ability to survive predators and/or parasites compared to individuals that have already been identified as low-quality. 3) Females incur a cost against reproductive success compared to males. 4) Males incur a cost against their ability to survive predators and/or parasites compared to females. 5) If conditions are challenging, individuals gain in both reproductive success and their ability to survive predators and/or parasites compared to less challenging conditions; however, too-challenging conditions detract from both. For each literature, at least one of these findings is unaccommodated by existing theory when considered in the context of that literature. Despite existing theory, these patterns are remarkably persistent. Question: Can paradoxes fitting these patterns be explained by genetic bandwagoning theory? Conclusion: Here, reservation is introduced as a form of bandwagoning in which a bandwagoning variant induces its holder to reserve from (i.e., withhold) some of its ability to survive parasites or predators. Reservation would occur for the purpose of assessing a holder’s quality when conditions are sufficiently unchallenging that few individuals are chronically stressed, so it is otherwise difficult to evaluate a holder’s quality. If the holder is subsequently killed, wounded, or infected, then it is identified as lacking the quality that would allow its descendants to survive more challenging conditions. The holder loses some or all of its resources as a direct consequence of the very death, wounding, or infection that identified its low quality. That is, in reservation, the two steps of bandwagoning are accomplished simultaneously. (This way of bandwagoning is distinguished from when the two steps are accomplished sequentially, which is termed resonation.) Reservation shares numerous premises with Zahavi’s handicap principle. If conditions are challenging, individuals would downregulate reservation and also be less likely to forego resources through resonation (which accounts for (5)). Additionally, a bandwagoning variant would likely evolve to vary the reservation it induces from holder to holder as a hedge against the possibility that conditions suddenly turn severe before it can adjust the reservation. Individuals already identified as low-quality would downregulate reservation (which accounts for (2) above) and would instead forego resources through resonation (which accounts for (1)). Additionally, females would downregulate reservation (which accounts for (4)) and, as a consequence, surviving females are more likely than surviving males to forego resources through resonation (which accounts for (3)).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0257.v1

Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Street Food Vendors and Consumers’ Perceptions of Street Food Vending in Maseru Lesotho

Ponts'o Letuka, Sebolelo Nkhebenyane, Oriel Thekisoe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: street vendors, consumers, food safety, knowledge, attitudes, practices

Online: 21 May 2019 (10:08:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0266.v1

Extending the Explanatory Scope of Evolutionary Theory: The Origin of Historical Kinds in Biology and Culture

Gunter Wagner, Gary Tomlinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: historical individuals, extended evolutionary synthesis, evolutionary innovation, culture

Online: 24 April 2019 (11:20:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0352.v1

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABS) along Mexican Coasts

Magnolia Gricel Salcedo-Garduño, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso, Itzel Galaviz-Villa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: marine biotoxins; contaminated seafood; public health

Online: 29 December 2018 (02:31:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0064.v1

Inchoative Discovery of Plausible (Un)explored Synergistic Combinatorial Biological Hypotheses for Static/Time Series Wnt Measurements via Ranking Search Engine : BioSearch Engine Design

Shriprakash Sinha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: combinatorial search forest; sensitivity analysis; support vector ranking algorithm; unknown biological hypotheses; Wnt pathway; PORCN-WNT inhibitors; ETC-1922159; Sobol indices; Hilbert Schmidt independence criterion indices (HSIC); F-divergence (Fdiv); systems biology

Online: 5 December 2018 (07:52:17 CET)

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\textsc{Background} Often, in biology, we are faced with the problem of exploring relevant unknown biological hypotheses in the form of myriads of combination of factors that might be affecting the pathway under certain conditions. Currently, a major problem in biology is to cherry pick the combinations based on expert advice, literature survey or guesses for investigation. The search and wet lab testing of these combinations costs a lot in terms of time, investment and energy. In a recent development of the PORCN-WNT inhibitor ETC-1922159 for colorectal cancer, a list of down-regulated genes were recorded in a time buffer after the administration of the drug. The regulation of the genes were recorded individually but for a majority, it is still not known which higher ($\geq 2$) order combinations might be playing a greater role in the pathway. \textsc{Results} The pipeline provides a prioritised list of important $2^{nd}$ order combinations of a range of family of genes involved in the Wnt pathway. More specifically, it reveals the various unexplored FZD-WNT combinations that have been untested till now in the pathway. In relation to ETC-1922159 affected combinations, the down-regulation of LGR-RNF family after the drug treatment is evident in these rankings as it takes bottom priorities for LGR5-RNF43 combination. The LGR6-RNF43 takes higher ranking than LGR5-RNF43, indicating that it might not be playing a greater role as LGR5 during the Wnt enhancing signals. These rankings confirm the efficacy of the proposed search engine design. \textsc{Conclusion} A pipeline has been developed to prioritise an $n^{th}$ order combination of factors that affect a signaling pathway. It takes into account the sensitivity indices computed from variance based (SOBOL) and density-kernel based (HSIC) methods to estimate the influence of each factor or combination of factors. These are then fed as feature vectors into a powerful support vector ranking algorithm that produces a ranked list of the interactions/combinations.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0050.v1

Have you heard the PEPS talk? Towards standardized public engagement practices for scientists (PEPS)

Nina Martin, Radames JB Cordero, Gatien de Broucker

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: public engagement on science, science engagement, science communication, public understanding of science, deficit model, informal STEM learning, active learning

Online: 3 October 2018 (13:09:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0044.v1

Efficiency of Using Smart-Mobile Phones in Accessing Agricultural Information by Smallholder Farmers in North Kordofan – Sudan

Mohammed Adam Abbas Hamad, Muneer Eltahir, Adam Elradi Mohamed Ali, Adam Muhana Hamdan, Amgad Ahmed Hamad Elsafi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Agricultural information, smart-mobile, stakeholder farmers, Sudan

Online: 3 September 2018 (15:12:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0084.v1

Biomass-Based Innovations in Demand Driven Research and Development Projects in Africa

Raymond Jatta, Nana Afranaa Kwapong, Bertrand Festus Nero, Oluwole Fatunbi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: demand driven research; biomass; innovation; Ghana

Online: 5 July 2018 (08:09:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0433.v1

Association Between the General Practitioner Workforce Crisis and Premature Mortality in Hungary: Nationwide Evaluation of Health Insurance Data from 2006 to 2014

János Sándor, Anita Pálinkás, Ferenc Vincze, Valéria Sipos, Nóra Kovács, Tibor Jenei, Zsófia Falusi, László Pál, László Kőrösi, Magor Papp, Róza Ádány

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: primary health care; workforce crisis; general practitioner vacancy; aging of general practitioners; premature mortality

Online: 30 May 2018 (05:47:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0039.v1

Benveniste’s Experiments Explained by a Non-Conventional Experimenter Effect

Francis Beauvais

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: systems biology; probabilistic modelling; experimenter effect; quantum-like correlations

Online: 6 March 2018 (03:35:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0159.v1

Dental Wear: Attrition, Erosion and Abrasion—A Palaeo-Odontological Approach

Geoffrey H. Sperber

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: tooth wear; attrition; erosion; abrasion; palaeo-odontology

Online: 22 May 2017 (07:36:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0074.v1

The Relation between Frequency of E-Cigarette Use and Frequency and Intensity of Cigarette Smoking among South Korean Adolescents

Jung Ah Lee, Sungkyu Lee, Hong-Jun Cho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: electronic cigarette; e-cigarette; smoking; adolescent; frequency; tobacco

Online: 14 March 2017 (07:56:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0026.v1

From Systems to Organisations

Maurício Kritz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: system structure; organised complexity; organisation; models of organisation; whole-part graphs; synexions; organised sets; organisation interaction; in-formation

Online: 3 November 2016 (10:41:01 CET)

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Biology and Life Sciences