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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0113.v1

Chronic Fatigue and Dis-Autonomy following COVID-19 Vaccination is Distinguished from Normal Vaccination Response by Altered Blood Markers

Amelie Semmler, Anna Katharina Mundorf, Anna Sabrina Kuechler, Karin Schulze-Bosse, Harald Heidecke, Kai Schulze-Forster, Matthias Schott, Markus Uhrberg, Sandra Weinhold, Karl J. Lackner, Marc Pawlitzki, Sven Guenther Meuth, Fritz Boege, Jana Ruhrländer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome; PACVS, G-protein-coupled receptor; receptor antibody; interleukin-6; dis-autonomy; chronic fatigue.

Online: 4 September 2023 (07:14:41 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0188.v1

How Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Progresses: A Framework for Research and the Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation in ME/CFS

Luis Nacul, Shennae O'Boyle, Flavio E. Nacul, Kathleen Mudie, Caroline C. Kingdon, Jacqueline M. Cliff, Taane G. Clark, Hazel M. Dockrell, Eliana M. Lacerda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Chronic Illness; ME/CFS; Management; Research

Online: 17 September 2019 (12:38:57 CEST)

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We propose a framework for the understanding of the pathophysiology and management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) that considers wider determinants of health and long-term temporal variation in pathophysiological features and disease phenotype throughout the natural history of the disease. As in other chronic diseases, ME/CFS evolves through different stages, from asymptomatic predisposition, progressing to a prodromal stage, and then to symptomatic disease. Disease incidence depends on genetic makeup and environment factors, the exposure to an insult, or repeated insults, and the nature of the host response. In people who develop ME/CFS, normal homeostatic processes in response to adverse insults may be replaced by aberrant responses leading to dysfunctional states. Thus, the predominantly neuro-immune and autonomic manifestations, underlined by a hyper-metabolic state, that characterise early disease, may be followed by various processes leading to multi-systemic related symptoms. This abnormal metabolic state and the effects of a range of mediators such as products of oxidative and nitrosamine stress, may lead to progressive cell and metabolic dysfunction culminating in a hypometabolic state with low energy production. These processes do not seem to happen uniformly; although a spiralling of progressive inter-related and self-sustaining abnormalities may ensue, reversion to states of milder abnormalities is possible if the host is able to restate responses to improve homeostatic equilibrium. Disease management and research efforts should seek to identify and apply strategies targeted at the different pathophysiological dysfunctions that characterise different disease stages. As disease presentation varies over time, no single case description, set of diagnostic criteria, or molecular feature is currently diagnostic for all patients at all times. While acknowledging its limitations due to the incomplete research evidence, we suggest the proposed framework may improve research design and health care interventions for people with ME/CFS.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1445.v1

Metastability Demystified — the Foundational Past, the Pragmatic Present, and the Potential Future

Fran Hancock, Fernando E. Rosas, Mengsen Zhang, Pedro A. M. Mediano, Andrea Luppi, Joana Cabral, Gustavo Deco, Morton Kringelbach, Michael Breakspear, J. A. Scott Kelso, Federico E. Turkheimer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: metastability; computational neuroscience; neuroimaging; dynamical systems; complexity science

Online: 21 July 2023 (08:09:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1934.v1

What Should We Do about Teen Social Media Addiction? A Review of Social Media’s Impact on Development and Recommendation for Future Regulations

Danny Xinyi Tu Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Social-Media; Teen; Addiction; Regulations

Online: 30 November 2023 (10:32:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0137.v1

The Brain, Explained: A Comprehensive Theory of Brain Function

Ari Rappoport

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neuroscience; thalamus; basal ganglia; cortical layers; hippocampus; cerebellum; habenula; claustrum; amygdala; inhibition; predictions; automaticity; dopamine; serotonin; acetylcholine; opioids; oxytocin; crh; glucocorticoids; cannabinoids; orexin; melanin-concentrating hormone; mirror neuron; place cells; grid cells; language; imagery; working memory; attention; consciousness; emotions

Online: 9 May 2018 (05:35:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0107.v1

Light-Induced Stress as a Primary Evolutionary Driver of Eye Origins

Andrew J. M. Swafford, Todd H. Oakley

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: evolution; eyes; stress; UV; plasticity

Online: 9 April 2019 (11:48:23 CEST)

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Eyes are quintessential complex traits and our understanding of their evolution guides understanding of trait evolution in general. A long-standing account of eye evolution argues natural selection favors morphological variations that allow increased functionality for sensing light (Darwin 1859; v. Salvini-Plawen and Mayr 1977; Nilsson and Pelger 1994; Nilsson 2013). While certainly true in part, this focus on visual performance does not entirely explain why diffuse photosensitivity persists even after eyes evolve, or why eyes evolved many times, each time using similar building blocks. Here we briefly review a vast literature indicating most genetic components of eyes historically responded to stress caused directly by light, including UV damage of DNA, oxidative stress, and production of aldehydes. We propose light-induced stress had a direct and prominent role in the evolution of eyes by bringing together genes to repair and prevent damage from light-stress, both before and during the evolution of eyes themselves. Stress-repair and stress-prevention genes were perhaps originally deployed as plastic responses to light and/or as beneficial mutations genetically driving expression where light was prominent. These stress-response genes sense, shield, and refract light but only under UV exposure. Once under regulatory-genetic control, they could be expressed before UV stress appeared, evolve as a single unit, and be influenced by natural selection to increase functionality for sensing light, ultimately leading to complex eyes and behaviors. Recognizing the potentially prominent role of stress in eye evolution invites discussions of plasticity and assimilation and provides a hypothesis for why similar genes are repeatedly used in convergent eyes. Broadening the drivers of eye evolution encourages consideration of multi-faceted mechanisms of plasticity/assimilation and mutation/selection for complex novelties and innovations in general.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0244.v1

Studying a Light Sensor with Light: Multiphoton Imaging in the Retina

Thomas Euler, Katrin Franke, Tom Baden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: vertebrate retina, mouse, zebrafish, two-photon microscopy, biosensor, activity probes, visual stimulus-evoked activity, laser-evoked retinal activity

Online: 26 March 2019 (14:01:49 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0096.v1

Role of the Serotonin Receptor 7 in Brain Plasticity: From Development to Disease

Marianna Crispino, Floriana Volpicelli, Carla Perrone-Capano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain connectivity; brain development; gut-brain axis; neurodevelopmental diseases; neuronal cytoarchitecture; neuroplasticity; regulatory T cells; serotonin (5-HT)

Online: 7 December 2019 (16:55:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0418.v3

Long COVID, POTS, CFS and MTHFR: Linked by Biochemistry and Nutrition

Patrick Chambers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: homocysteine; MTHFR; circumventricular organ; magnesium; vitamin D; CD147

Online: 15 September 2023 (02:37:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0224.v1

An Updated Overview of the Neurophysiological and Psychosocial Dimensions of Fibromyalgia – A Call for an Integrative Model

Ana Margarida Pinto, Rinie Geenen, Filipe Palavra, Mark A. Lumley, Jacob N. Ablin, Kirstine Amris, Jaime Branco, Dan Buskila, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Leslie J. Crofford, Mary-Ann Fitzcharles, Mariana Luís, Tiago Reis Marques, Jamie L. Rhudy, Lucina Q. Uddin, Paula Castilho, Johannes W. G. Jacobs, José A. P. da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: fibromyalgia; comprehensive review; neurophysiological abnormalities; psychosocial processes; integration

Online: 11 July 2020 (03:45:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0053.v1

Rodent Somatosensory Thalamocortical Circuitry: Neurons, Synapses, and Connectivity

Christian O'Reilly, Elisabetta Iavarone, Jane Yi, Sean L. Hill

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: thalamocortical loop; thalamus; microcircuit; modeling; reticular nucleus; somatosensory system; ventral posteromedial nucleus; ventral posterolateral nucleus; posterior nucleus; thalamic relay cells; thalamic interneurons; rodent

Online: 5 July 2020 (07:45:16 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0809.v1

Intrathecal Autologous Thrombin-Activated Condensed Platelet Cytokines in Chronic Neurodegenerative Disease: Anti-inflammatory and Regenerative Responses, Phase I

E. Scott Sills

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; condensed cytokines; intrathecal; PRP

Online: 12 June 2023 (09:12:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0055.v1

The Dynamics of the Light Adaptation of the Human Visual System; Subjective and Electroretinographic Analysis

Friederike Thoss, Simone Ballosek, Bengt Bartsch, Franz Thoss

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: rapid light adaptation; glare; discrimination threshold; increment threshold; direct current electroretinogram

Online: 19 July 2017 (23:33:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0257.v1

Recent Developments in Treating Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia

Robert A Bittner, Catherine V Barnes-Scheufler, Meike D Hettwer, Andreas Reif, Mishal Qubad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Schizophrenia, cognitive dysfunction, neural plasticity, inflammation, cognitive biomarker, pharmacological treatment, cognitive remediation, aerobic exercise, brain stimulation

Online: 12 May 2021 (07:26:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0308.v1

A Comprehensive Review on Inherited Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Their Syndromes

Muhammad Noman, Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Muhammad Tahir, Shehbaz Ali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Hereditary HL; genetics of syndromic and non-syndromic HL; methods for pathogenic locus/gene identification

Online: 14 August 2020 (04:45:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0107.v2

Light-Induced Stress as a Primary Evolutionary Driver of Eye Origins

Andrew J. M. Swafford, Todd H. Oakley

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: evolution; eyes; stress; UV; plasticity

Online: 15 May 2019 (07:47:16 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Eyes are quintessential complex traits and our understanding of their evolution guides models of trait evolution in general. A long-standing account of eye evolution argues natural selection favors morphological variations that allow increased functionality for sensing light (Darwin 1859; v. Salvini-Plawen and Mayr 1977; Nilsson and Pelger 1994; Nilsson 2013). While certainly true in part, this focus on visual performance does not entirely explain why diffuse photosensitivity persists even after eyes evolve, or why eyes evolved many times, each time using similar building blocks. Here we briefly review a vast literature indicating most genetic components of eyes historically responded to stress caused directly by light, including UV damage of DNA, oxidative stress, and production of aldehydes. We propose light-induced stress had a direct and prominent role in the evolution of eyes by bringing together genes to repair and prevent damage from light-stress, both before and during the evolution of eyes themselves. Stress-repair and stress-prevention genes were perhaps originally deployed as plastic responses to light and/or as beneficial mutations genetically driving expression where light was prominent. These stress-response genes sense, shield, and refract light but only as reactions to ongoing light stress. Once under regulatory-genetic control, they could be expressed before light stress appeared, evolve as a module, and be influenced by natural selection to increase functionality for sensing light, ultimately leading to complex eyes and behaviors. Recognizing the potentially prominent role of stress in eye evolution invites discussions of plasticity and assimilation and provides a hypothesis for why similar genes are repeatedly used in convergent eyes. Broadening the drivers of eye evolution encourages consideration of multi-faceted mechanisms of plasticity/assimilation and mutation/selection for complex novelties and innovations in general.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0368.v1

Regulation of miRNAs during Retinoic Acid-Induced Regeneration of a Molluscan Central Nervous System

Sarah E. Walker, Gaynor E. Spencer, Alexsandr Necakov, Robert L. Carlone

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: retinoic acid; microRNA; RNA sequencing; neuronal regeneration; growth cone; Lymnaea

Online: 21 August 2018 (05:35:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0092.v1

Short Version of 'The Brain, Explained': A Response Process Theory of Brain Function

Ari Rappoport

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Neuroscience; basal ganglia; cortical layers; cerebellum; habenula; inhibition; predictions; dopamine; serotonin; acetylcholine; opioids; mirror neurons; place cells; language; imagery; working memory

Online: 7 June 2018 (06:02:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0428.v1

On Statistical Analysis of Brain Variability

Oliver Y. Chén, Huy Phan, Guy Nagels, Maarten de Vos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Analysis of variance; Variance-decomposition; The Bayesian brain; High-dimensional data; Association; Explanation; Prediction; Causation; The neural law of large numbers

Online: 20 August 2020 (05:42:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0360.v1

Behind Mouse Eyes: The Function and Control of Eye Movements in Mice

Eleonora Ambrad Giovannetti, Ede Rancz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: eye movements; visual system; mouse vision

Online: 6 June 2023 (02:44:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0026.v1

Coordination Mechanism in Dopamine Neurons of the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta and Norepinephrine Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus

Christopher John Rourk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neuromelanin; ferritin; quantum dot; substantia nigra pars compacta; locus coeruleus; quantum biology

Online: 4 June 2018 (09:52:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0196.v1

Neurodegeneration and Sensorimotor Deficits in the Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Saurav Bhowmick, Veera D'Mello, Nizmi Ponery, P.M. Abdul-Muneer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: traumatic brain injury; fluid percussion injury; neurodegeneration; apoptosis; sensorimotor deficit

Online: 28 December 2017 (08:58:32 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1085.v1

Endogenous Neuromodulation at Infra-Low Frequency: Method and Theory

Siegfried Othmer, Susan FitzGerald Othmer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: endogenous neuromodulation; neurofeedback; Infra-Low frequency; slow cortical potential; intrinsic connectivity networks; infra-slow fluctuations; EEG biofeedback; developmental trauma

Online: 17 October 2023 (11:24:17 CEST)

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Clinical work conducted over the last seventeen years at the EEG Institute in Los Angeles and by other neurofeedback providers around the world has demonstrated the utility of extending frequency-based neurofeedback deep into the infra-low frequency (ILF) region, using the method of endogenous neuromodulation described herein. The method is characterized by the absence of any overt reinforcements, which makes it possible to extend the clinical reach to extremely low frequencies. As the training frequency is lowered, the signal becomes more difficult to discriminate, and ultimately it can only be discerned by the brain itself, in the process of endogenous neuromodulation. The method emulates how the brain does skill learning in general: It must observe itself performing the skill, with feedback on its performance. While the immediate target of ILF neurofeedback is enhanced self-regulatory competence--with symptomatic relief and functional recovery the secondary consequences, progressive lowering of the target frequencies has led to improved outcomes in application to challenging dysfunctions such as episodic suicidality, migraine, seizures, and bipolar mood swings. The work has also yielded insights into how the frequency domain is organized. The training proceeds best at frequencies that are specific to each individual, and these are referred to as optimal response frequencies (ORFs). These frequencies differ for various placements but stand in two fixed relationships to one another, one that holds over the EEG spectral range, and another that holds over the entire ILF range. Training in the ILF region engages the dynamics of the glial-neuronal networks, which govern tonic, resting state regulation. The collective clinical experience with ILF neuromodulation within a large practitioner network supports the case for making protocol-based, individualized ‘homeodynamic’ regulation a therapeutic priority, particularly for our most impacted clinical populations: addiction, trauma formations, traumatic brain injury, and the dementias. The case is made for further outcome studies and foundational research.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0310.v1

Big Lessons from Tiny Flies: Drosophila Melanogaster as a Model to Explore Dysfunction of Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Neurotransmitter Systems

Ameya Kasture, Thomas Hummel, Sonja Sucic, Michael Freissmuth

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Drosophila, dopamine, serotonin, neurodegeneration, neurotransmitter transporters, vesicular monoamine transporters

Online: 22 May 2018 (14:05:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0019.v1

Evolution of Synapses and Neurotransmitter Systems: The Divide-and-Conquer Model for Early Neural Cell-Type Evolution

Pawel Burkhardt, Gáspár Jékely

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: choanoflagellates; sponges; ctenophores; placozoans; cnidarians; synapse; neuron evolution; neuropeptides

Online: 1 October 2021 (12:44:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0299.v1

Decoding Drosophila Circadian Pacemaker Circuit

Anatoly Kozlov, Emi Nagoshi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Circadian rhythms, neural circuit, pacemaker, calcium imaging, behavior

Online: 24 May 2019 (14:07:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0223.v1

How the Human Mind Affects Its Related Brain? A Mechanism for this Influence, Using an Extended Bohmian QM in Avicenna’s Monotheistic Perspective

Mohammad Jamali, Mehdi Golshani, Yousef Jamali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: mind brain interaction, quantum consciousness, Avicenna, Bohmian quantum mechanics, modified Schrödinger equation, quantum field theory

Online: 17 May 2019 (11:10:12 CEST)

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In quantum approaches to consciousness, the authors try to propose a model and mechanism for the mind-brain interaction using modern physics and some quantum concepts which do not exist in the classical physics. The independent effect of mind on the brain has been one of the challenging issues in the history of science and philosophy. In some recent mind-brain interaction models, the direct influence of mind on matter is either not accepted (as in Stapp’s model) or not clear, and there have not been any clear mechanism for it (as in Penrose-Hameroff’s model or in Eccles’s model). In this manuscript we propose a model and mechanism for mind’s effect on the matter using an extended Bohmian quantum mechanics and Avicenna’s ideas. We show that mind and mental states can affect brain’s activity without any violation of physical laws. This is a mathematical and descriptive model which shows the possibility of providing a causal model for mind’s effect on matter. It is shown that this model guarantees the realistic philosophical constraints and respects the laws of nature. In addition, it is shown that it is in agreement with the Libet style experimental results and parapsychological data. To propose this model, we obtained a modified (non-unitary) Schrödinger equation via second quantization method which affects the particle through a modified quantum potential and a new term in the continuity equation. At the second quantized level, which is equivalent to quantum field theory level (QFT), we can use the path integral formalism of Feynman. We show that there are three methods to extend Bohmian QM via path integral formalism, which has different interpretations. By numerical simulation of trajectories in the two-slits experiment, we show their differences and choose one of these methods for our mind-brain model which can be the basis for explaining some phenomena which are not possible to explain in the standard Bohmian QM.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1210.v1

Theory of Morphodynamic Information Processing: Linking Sensing to Behaviour

Mikko Juusola, Jouni Takalo, Joni Kemppainen, Keivan Razban Haghighi, Ben Scales, James McManus, Lars Chittka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Vision; Information Theory; Neural Computation; Drosophila; Cognition; Compound Eye

Online: 16 August 2023 (13:51:01 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0109.v1

Another Look into the Central Nervous System Decussation Reveals A New Model for Evolution

Hossein Akbari, Mehrana Fallahian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: CNS decussation; evolution theory; function to anatomy

Online: 7 May 2020 (08:18:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0523.v1

Reliability and Generalizability of Similarity-Based Fusion of MEG and fMRI Data in Human Ventral and Dorsal Visual Streams

Yalda Mohsenzadeh, Caitlin Mullin, Benjamin Lahner, Radoslaw Cichy, Aude Oliva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: spatiotemporal neural dynamics; vision; dorsal and ventral streams; multivariate pattern analysis; representational similarity analysis; fMRI; MEG

Online: 23 October 2018 (06:41:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0206.v1

Computational Models in Neurosciences Between Mechanistic and Phenomenological Characterizations

Christophe Gauld, Cédric Brun, Thomas Boraud, Mallory Carlu, Damien Depannemaecker

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Computing Methodologies; Computer Simulation; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical; Theoretical neurosciences

Online: 14 January 2022 (11:28:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0418.v1

LC, POTS, and ME/CFS: Lifting the Fog

Patrick Chambers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: homocysteine; MTHFR; circumventricular organ; magnesium; vitamin D; CD147

Online: 24 March 2023 (01:22:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0324.v1

Alteration in the cerebrospinal fluid lipidome in Parkinson´s disease: A pilot study

Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen, Paz Cartas-Cejudo, Enrique Santamaría

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: lipids; cerebrospinal fluid, parkinson´s disease, mass-spectrometry, lipidomics

Online: 12 April 2021 (21:16:21 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Basal Ganglia Paths Support Acute vs. Automated Execution, Not Movement vs. Stopping

Ari Rappoport

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: basal ganglia; dopamine; subthalamic nucleus; Parkinson's disease; brain learning; cholinergic interneurons; deep brain stimulation

Online: 31 May 2019 (11:24:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0369.v2

Extreme Capsule is a Bottleneck for Ventral Pathway

Ehsan Shekari, Elahe Shahriari, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Extreme capsule; uncinate fasciculus; IFOF; ventral pathway of language; bottle neck; DTI

Online: 7 September 2020 (10:26:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0248.v1

Dopaminergic Cellular and Circuit Contributions to Kappa Opioid Receptor Mediated Aversion

Elyssa Margolis, Anushree Karkhanis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Dopamine, Kappa Opioid Receptors, Ventral Tegmental Area, Nucleus Accumbens, Prefrontal Cortex

Online: 23 May 2019 (12:55:56 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0478.v1

Mechanisms of Network Interactions for Flexible Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Mediated Action Control

Petra Fischer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Gamma oscillations; beta oscillations; subthalamic nucleus; globus pallidus; movement control

Online: 18 March 2021 (12:19:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0335.v2

Metabolic and Hormonal Contributors to Neuronal Necrosis in Alzheimer’s Dementia

Michael Overholt

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s Dementia; anaerobic neurotoxicity; inflammation; neuronal apoptosis; Non-REM Sleep

Online: 4 June 2018 (13:16:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0136.v1

Impact of Maternal Immune Activation Early in Pregnancy on Brain Development of Offspring: A Combined Morphological, Spectroscopic, and Behavioral Study

Lani Cupo, Elisa Guma, Daniel Gallino, Kristie Mar, Caitlin Fowler, Masoumeh Dehghani, Jamie Near, Gabriel Devenyi, Mallar Chakravarty

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: structural MRI; MRS; maternal immune activation; altered trajectories

Online: 10 March 2022 (03:06:59 CET)

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Serological human birth cohort studies have identified maternal infection during pregnancy as a risk factor for development of disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and schizophrenia in offspring. Similarly, in experiments using animal models, maternal immune activation (MIA) has been shown to alter neuroanatomical and behavioral development in offspring. This study employs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in conjunction with behavioral assays to refine our understanding of the impact of MIA on neurobiological development in exposed animals. On gestational day nine, pregnant dams were injected with either polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (POL) to induce MIA or saline (SAL) as a control. Whole-brain MRI, localized proton MRS, and behavioral tests (open field, three chambered social approach, and prepulse inhibition) were acquired at two timepoints, during adolescence (postnatal day [PND] 35) and adulthood (PND 60). Whole-brain voxel-wise volumetric analyses revealed that MIA offspring exhibited altered volume in the hippocampus and caudate putamen (CPu) between adolescence and early adulthood. MRS data were assessed at each timepoint separately; MIA offspring during early adulthood but not adolescence exhibited trending reductions in γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) (p = 0.06) and myo-inositol (Ins) (p = 0.08) compared to saline controls. However, these metabolite differences did not reach levels of significance, even before multiple comparison corrections. Open field testing revealed that during adolescence, MIA offspring displayed a more anxious phenotype than controls wherein they spent less time in the anxiogenic center zone of the open field arena (p < 0.007), but this difference normalized by adulthood. There were no significant differences in sociability preference, novelty preference, or prepulse inhibition comparing the groups. Results suggest that early gestational exposure to MIA results in subtle neuroanatomical changes in the trajectories of development, trending behavioral changes in adolescent offspring, and slight neurochemical changes in young adult offspring. Maternal infection alone may not be enough; additional genetic or environmental risk factors may be required to elicit the more typical symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0098.v1

Neural Correlation of Faradarmani Consciousness Field Mind Mediation: A Comparative Functional Connectivity and Graph Analysis

Mohammad Ali Taheri, Fatemeh Modarresi-Asem, Noushin Nabavi, Parisa Maftoun, Farid Semsarha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: brain graph; EEG; Faradarmani Consciousness Field; functional connectivity

Online: 6 September 2021 (13:26:29 CEST)

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The study of the brain networks using analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data based on statistical dependencies (functional connectivity) and mathematical graph theory concepts is common in neuroscience and cognitive sciences for examinations of patient and healthy individuals. The Consciousness Fields according to Taheri theory and applications in the optimization of system under study have been investigated in various studies. In this study, we examine the results of working with Faradarmani Consciousness Field (FCF) in the brain of Faradarmangars. Faradarmangars are one of the necessary components in mind mediation of the function of Faradarmani Consciousness Fields according to Taheri. For this purpose, the functional and effective connectivity and the corresponding brain graphs of EEG from the brain of Faradarmangars is compared with that of non Faradarmangar groups during FCF connection. According to the results of the present study, the brain of the Faradarmangars shows significant decreased activity in delta (BA8), beta2 (BA4/6/8/9/10/11/32/44/47) and beta3 (in 34 of 52 BA) frequency bands mainly in frontal lobe and after that in parietal and temporal lobes in the comparison with the non Faradarmangars. Moreover, the functional and effective connectivity analysis in the frontal network shows dominant multiple decreased connectivity mainly in the case of beta3 frequency band in all parts of the frontal network. On the other hand, the graph theory analysis of the Faradarmangar brain shows an increase in the activity of the O2-T5-F4-F3-FP2-F8 areas and significant decrease in the characteristic path length and increases in global efficiency, clustering coefficient and transitivity. In conclusion, the unique higher graph function efficiency and the reduction in the brain activity and connectivity during the Faradarmani Consciousness Field mind mediation, shown the passive and detector like function of the human brain in this task.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1684.v1

Uncovering the Role of the Early Visual Cortex in Visual Mental Imagery

Nadine Dijkstra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Mental imagery; Visual perception; Early visual cortex

Online: 29 February 2024 (09:58:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0774.v1

Cumulative Exposure to Multiple Early Life Stressors Act as Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities in the F1 Wistar Rats

Syed Mujtaba, Ishan Patro, Nisha Patro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Multi-hit stress; Protein malnourishment; Low anxiety; Impulsiveness; Schizophrenia; ADHD

Online: 12 July 2023 (05:21:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0203.v2

SH-SY5Y-derived neurons: A Human Neuronal Model System for Investigating TAU Sorting and Neuronal Subtype-Specific TAU Vulnerability

Michael Bell, Hans Zempel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: SH-SY5Y-derived neurons; TAU sorting; neuronal identity; tauopathy; Alzheimer’s disease

Online: 23 December 2020 (10:30:47 CET)

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The microtubule-associated protein TAU is sorted into the axon in healthy brain neurons. Somatodendritic missorting of TAU is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Cause, consequence, and (patho)physiological mechanisms of TAU sorting and missorting are understudied, in part also due to the lack of readily available human neuronal model systems. The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is widely used for studying TAU physiology and TAU-related pathology in AD and related tauopathies. SH-SY5Y cells can be differentiated into neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y-derived neurons) using various substances. This review evaluates whether SH-SY5Y-derived neurons are a suitable model for i) investigating intracellular TAU sorting in general, and ii) with respect to neuron subtype-specific TAU vulnerability. I) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons show pronounced axodendritic polarity, high levels of axonally localized TAU protein, expression of all six major human brain isoforms, and TAU phosphorylation similar to the human brain. As proliferative cells, SH-SY5Y cells are readily accessible for genetic engineering, stable transgene integration and leading-edge genome editing are valuable and promising tools for TAU-related studies. II) Depending on the used differentiation procedure, SH-SY5Y-derived neurons resemble cells of distinct subcortical nuclei, i.e. the Locus coeruleus (LC), Nucleus basalis (NB) and Substantia nigra (SN), all of which early affected in many tauopathies. This allows to analyse neuron-specific TAU isoform expression and intracellular localization, also in the context of vulnerability to TAU pathology. Limitations are e.g. the lack of mimicking age-related tauopathy risk factors and the difficulty to define the exact neuronal subtype of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. In brief, this review discusses the suitability of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons for investigating TAU (mis)sorting mechanisms and neuron-specific TAU vulnerability in disease paradigms.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0268.v1

Genetic Regulation of Central Synapse Formation and Organization in Drosophila melanogaster

Juan Carlos Duhart, Timothy J. Mosca

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: synapse; central nervous system; drosophila; synaptogenesis; genetics; development; active zones

Online: 18 March 2022 (11:54:51 CET)

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A key goal of modern neuroscience involves understanding how connections in the brain form and function. Such a knowledge is essential to better inform how defects in the exquisitely complex steps of nervous system growth underlie neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In the last 40 years, studies of the nervous system in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster enabled the discovery of a wealth of molecular and genetic mechanisms that drive the development of these synaptic connections – specialized cell-to-cell connections that are the essential substrate for information flow and processing in the nervous system. The major driver of knowledge focused on studies at the neuromuscular junction due to its ease of examination. Analogous studies in the central nervous system lagged behind due to a lack of genetic accessibility of specific central neuron classes, appropriate synaptic labels compatible with cell-type specific access, and high resolution, quantitative imaging strategies. However, understanding how synapses in central circuits form remains a prerequisite to understanding brain development. In the last decade, a host of new tools and techniques made possible the extension of genetic studies of synapse organization into central circuits and greatly enhanced our understanding of central synapse formation, organization, and maturation. In this review, we consider the current state-of-the-field, focusing on two major elements. We first discuss the tools, technologies, and strategies developed to visualize and quantify synapses in vivo in genetically identifiable neurons of the Drosophila CNS. Second, we explore in depth how these tools enabled a clearer understanding of synaptic development and organization in different circuits of the fly brain and discovered novel molecular mechanisms that underlie synapse formation. These studies establish multiple brain regions in the fly as powerful in vivo genetic models that offer novel insights into synaptogenic regulators and mechanisms of neural development.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0250.v1

Astrocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Complexity through miR-26a-5p Activity

Alejandro Luarte, Roberto Henzi, Anllely Fernández, Diego Gaete, Pablo Cisternas, Matías Pizarro, Luis Federico Batiz, Isabel Villalobos, Matías Masalleras, Rodrigo Vergara, Manuel Varas-Godoy, Rodrigo Herrera-Molina, Carlos Lafourcade, Ursula Wyneken

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: microRNAs; exosomes; astrocytes; hippocampal neurons; dendritic complexity

Online: 17 February 2020 (15:53:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2069.v1

Antioxidants Prevent Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation, but do not Correct Autophagy Dysfunction or Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Cellular Models of BPAN

Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo, Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba, Ana Romero-González, Marta Talaverón-Rey, Suleva Povea-Cabello, Paula Cilleros-Holgado, Rocío Piñero-Pérez, Diana Reche-López, David Gómez-Fernández, José M. Romero-Domínguez, Manuel Munuera-Cabeza, Antonio Díaz, Susana Gonzalez-Granero, José M. García-Verdugo, And José A. Sánchez-Alcázar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: BPAN; WDR45; antioxidants; autophagy; iron accumulation

Online: 31 May 2023 (03:32:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0330.v1

Phylogenetic Analysis of Globin Like Superfamily at Molecular Level

Himani Malhotra, Harmanpreet Kaur Sanghu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Globin-like superfamily, Phylogenetic analysis, Taxonomic tree

Online: 18 July 2018 (11:11:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0619.v1

Embodimetrics: A Principal Component Analysis of the Combined Assessment of Cardiac, Cognitive and Mobility Parameters

Andrea Chellini, Katia Salmaso, Michele Di Domenico, Nicola Gerbi, Marco Donati, Marco Iosa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: embodiment; heart rate variability; stroop task; motor control

Online: 12 February 2024 (13:19:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0157.v1

Basal Ganglia Paths Support Acute vs. Learned Execution, Not Movement vs. Stopping

Ari Rappoport

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: basal ganglia; dopamine; subthalamic nucleus; Parkinson's disease; brain learning; cholinergic interneurons; deep brain stimulation

Online: 8 August 2018 (04:47:36 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Emerging Imaging Methods to Study Whole-Brain Function in Rodent Models

Marija Markicevic, Iurii Savvateev, Christina Grimm, Valerio Zerbi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Ultrasound imaging; photoacoustic; functional MRI; calcium imaging; rodents; fluorescence imaging

Online: 24 May 2021 (16:12:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0059.v1

Inhibition of ER Stress by 2-Aminopurine Treatment Modulates Cardiomyopathy in a Murine Chronic Chagas Disease Model

Janeesh A. Plakkal, Kezia Lizardo, Sean Wang, Edward Yurkow, Jyothi F. Nagajyothi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: chagas disease; cardiomyopathy; mitochondrial stress; endoplasmic reticulum stress; 2-aminopurine

Online: 3 August 2018 (04:36:58 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0198.v1

Does Bisphenol A Confer Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders? What We’ve Learned from Developmental Neurotoxicity Studies in Animal Models

Chloe Welch, Kimberly Mulligan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Bisphenol A; endocrine disruptors; neurodevelopmental disorder; neural stem cell development; synaptogenesis; synaptic plasticity; behavior

Online: 17 February 2022 (02:22:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0460.v1

The Use of Hydrogel-Delivered Extracellular Vesicles in Recovery of Motor Function in Stroke: A Testable Experimental Hypothesis for Clinical Translation including Behavioral and Neuroimaging Assessment Approaches

Magdalini Tsintou, Kyriakos Dalamagkas, Tara L Moore, Yogesh Rathi, Marek Kubicki, Douglas L Rosene, Nikos Makris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: extracellular vesicles; exosomes; neural tissue repair; neuroregeneration; non-human primates; hydrogels; neural tissue engineering; stroke; cortical injury

Online: 28 May 2020 (13:08:32 CEST)

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Neural tissue engineering, nanotechnology and neuroregeneration are diverse biomedical disciplines that have been working together in recent decades to solve the complex problems linked to central nervous system (CNS) repair. It is known that the CNS demonstrates a very limited regenerative capacity because of a microenvironment that impedes effective regenerative processes, making development of CNS therapeutics challenging. Given the high prevalence of CNS conditions such as stroke that damage the brain and place a severe burden on afflicted individuals and on society, it is of utmost significance to explore the optimum methodologies for finding treatments that could be applied to humans for restoration of function to pre-injury levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as exosomes, when derived from mesenchymal stem cells, are one of the most promising approaches that have been attempted thus far, as EVs deliver factors that stimulate recovery by acting at the nanoscale level on intercellular communication while avoiding the risks linked to stem cell transplantation. At the same time, advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have offered the potential of using hydrogels as bio-scaffolds in order to provide the stroma required for neural repair to occur, as well as the release of biomolecules facilitating or inducing the reparative processes. This review introduces a novel experimental hypothesis regarding the benefits that could be offered if EVs were to be combined with biocompatible injectable hydrogels. The rationale behind this hypothesis is presented, analyzing how a hydrogel might prolong the retention of EVs and maximize the localized benefit to the brain. This sustained delivery of EVs would be coupled with essential guidance cues and structural support from the hydrogel until neural tissue remodeling and regeneration occur. Finally, the importance of including non-human primate (NHP) models in the clinical translation pipeline, as well as the added benefit of multi-modal neuroimage analysis to establish non-invasive, in vivo, quantifiable imaging-based biomarkers for CNS repair are discussed, aiming for more effective and safe clinical translation of such regenerative therapies to humans.

Working Paper REVIEW

The Straight Dope: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and Acute Cannabis Exposure in Age-of-Risk for Psychosis

Lani Cupo, Eric Plitman, Elisa Guma, M Mallar Chakravarty

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: systematic review; cannabis; neuroimaging; age-of-onset psychosis; psychosis; schizophrenia

Online: 21 April 2020 (10:23:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0038.v1

Functional Connectomics in C. elegans

Elizabeth M. DiLoreto, Christopher D. Chute, Samantha Bryce, Jagan Srinivasan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: connectomics; synapses; calcium imaging; optpgenetics; sonogenetics

Online: 2 November 2018 (09:17:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0303.v2

The Mechanism of Methylmercury Permeation Through the Blood-Brain Barrier using Caenorhabditis Elegans

Zehra Jaffery

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Methylmercury; Alzheimer’s; Parkinson’s; Blood-Brain Barrier; L-Cysteine; Neurotoxicity

Online: 23 June 2022 (04:26:46 CEST)

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Methylmercury is a neurotoxin present in fish tissues that permeates the blood-brain barrier after consumption. Previous research has shown that methylmercury is harmful to neurons, causing pH alterations, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and parenchymal damage. Methylmercury is a known factor of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The method by which methylmercury passes through the blood-brain barrier is largely unknown. According to preliminary studies, one way methylmercury crosses the blood-brain barrier is by creating a complex with L-Cysteine, which facilitates its passage by the LATs system through mimicking another amino acid existing in the body. The human blood-brain barrier was studied using C. elegans as a model organism. It was hypothesized that if methylmercury passes through the blood-brain barrier of C. elegans faster with L-Cysteine present than without L-Cysteine present, the methylmercury's adverse effects (death and locomotive difficulty) will occur sooner. Each of the four experimental groups contained one C. elegans: the control, the L-Cysteine group, the methylmercury group, and the methylmercury and L-Cysteine combination group. The effects of L-Cysteine and methylmercury on C. elegans were studied using three metrics: viability, locomotive disability, and time for locomotive effects to occur. The group that received both methylmercury and L-Cysteine had reduced viability rates and a decreased time for locomotive difficulty to develop, supporting the hypothesis. These findings suggest that L-Cysteine aids methylmercury permeation through the blood-brain barrier. Because the experiment indicates how methylmercury penetrates the blood-brain barrier, these results aid in finding a therapeutic solution to reverse methylmercury neurotoxicity in the brain. Additionally, this study further opens channels into potential therapeutic and preventative measures for dementia, improving morbidity and mortality in neurodegenerative diseases.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0245.v1

The Domestic Chick as an Animal Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Developmental Homology Gives Validity

Toshiya Matsushima, Giorgio Vallortigara

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; chick; valproic acid; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; biological motion; face; animacy; thyroid hormone; bumetanide

Online: 4 May 2023 (09:07:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0369.v1

Extreme Capsule is a Bottleneck for Ventral Pathway

Ehsan Shekari, Elahe Shahriari, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Extreme capsule; uncinate fasciculus; IFOF; ventral pathway of language; bottle neck; DTI

Online: 17 August 2020 (14:54:51 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

On Statistical Analysis of Brain Variability

Oliver Y. Chén, Huy Phan, Guy Nagels, Maarten de Vos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Analysis of variance; Variance-decomposition; The Bayesian brain; High-dimensional data; Association; Explanation; Prediction; Causation; The neural law of large numbers

Online: 23 September 2021 (11:13:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0303.v1

Synthetic Criticality in Cellular Brains

Ricard Sole, Nuria Conde, Antoni Guillamon, Victor Maull, Jordi Pla, Josep Sardanyes, Blai Vidiella

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: criticality; evolution; brains; behavior; cells; gene networks

Online: 21 October 2021 (09:47:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0335.v1

Metabolic and Hormonal Contributors to Neuronal Necrosis in Alzheimer’s Dementia

Michael Overholt

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s Dementia; anaerobic neurotoxicity; inflammation; neuronal apoptosis; Non-REM Sleep

Online: 24 May 2018 (05:59:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1742.v1

The Activity of the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Promotes the Top–down Regulation of Sensorimotor Synchronization

Maho Uemura, Yoshitada Katagiri, Emiko Imai, Tomoko Ichinose, Katsuhiko Kondo, Hisatomo Kowa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: synchronization; modal completion; dACC; consistency

Online: 28 November 2023 (10:16:41 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0665.v3

Maternal Supply of Both Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids is Required for Optimal Neurodevelopment

Sanjay Basak, Rahul Mallick, Antara Banerjee, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; Brain; Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3; Fetus; Maternal diet; Cognitive; Infants; Neurodevelopment; Neurogenesis

Online: 14 June 2021 (14:54:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0128.v1

Novel Role of MCP-Induced Protein 1 in Ischemic Brain Damage in Animals of Transient Focal Ischemia

Zhuqing Jin, Jian Liang, Jiaqi Li, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); MCPIP1; blood-brain barrier; inflammatory response; ischemia; metalloproteinases

Online: 11 December 2018 (10:49:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0242.v1

A Single Postoperative Application of Defocused Low-Energy ESWT Does Not Significantly Enhance Regeneration of the Rat Median Nerve Following Reconstruction with Autologous Nerve Grafts or Muscle-In-Vein Conduits

Johannes Christoph Heinzel, Viola Oberhauser, Claudia Keibl, Barbara Schädl, Nicole Victoria Swiadek, Gregor Längle, Helen Frick, Cyrill Slezak, Cosima Prahm, Johannes Grillari, Jonas Kolbenschlag, David Hercher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: nerve repair; median nerve; rat; autologous nerve graft; muscle-in-vein conduit; extracorporeal shock wave therapy; grasping test; gait analysis; CatWalk, nerve regeneration

Online: 17 June 2022 (03:17:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1191.v1

Neurobiology of Egg-laying Behavior in Drosophila: Neural Control of the Female Reproductive System

Mehrnaz Afkhami

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: reproduction; egg‐laying; cryptic female choice; Drosophila; sensory neurons

Online: 16 June 2023 (08:57:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0006.v1

Windup of Nociceptive Flexion Reflex Depends on Synaptic and Intrinsic Properties of Dorsal Horn Neurons in Adult Rat

Franck Aby, Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz, Marc Landry, Pascal Fossat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: l-type calcium channels; nociception; spinal cord; central sensitization; windup

Online: 2 October 2019 (02:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1906.v1

The Many Unknowns of Partial Sensory Disconnection during Sleep

Chiara Cirelli, Giulio Tononi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Arousal threshold; NREM sleep; REM sleep; auditory system; visual system; olfactory system; pain; OFF periods

Online: 29 November 2023 (15:27:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0665.v2

Does Maternal Arachidonic Acid Influence the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid?

Sanjay Basak, Rahul Mallick, Antara Banerjee, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; Brain; Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3; Fetus; Maternal diet; Cognitive; Infants; Neurodevelopment; Neurogenesis

Online: 26 April 2021 (15:11:00 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Dopaminergic Cellular and Circuit Contributions to Kappa Opioid Receptor Mediated Aversion

Elyssa Margolis, Anushree Karkhanis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Dopamine, Kappa Opioid Receptors, Ventral Tegmental Area, Nucleus Accumbens, Prefrontal Cortex

Online: 12 July 2019 (13:10:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0145.v1

Spatial Expression Pattern of the Major Ca2+-buffer Proteins in the Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

Tamás Kovács-Öller, Gergely Szarka, Ádám J Tengölics, Alma Ganczer, Boglárka Balogh, Edina Szabó-Meleg, Miklós Nyitrai, Béla Völgyi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: parvalbumin; calretinin; calbindin; expression; retina; topography; ganglion cell; calcium buffer protein

Online: 11 February 2020 (11:43:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0016.v1

Optic Nerve Crush Activates the Genomic Fabrics of the Complement Cascade and Delta-Notch Signaling

Pedro Henrique Victorino, Camila Marra, Dumitru Andrei Iacobas, Sanda Iacobas, David C Spray, Rafael Linden, Daniel Adesse, Hilda Petrs-Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: glaucoma; retina ganglion cell degeneration; microarray; genes coordination; notch signaling pathway; complement cascade

Online: 2 April 2020 (11:59:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0418.v2

Long Covid, POTS, and ME/CFS: Lifting the Fog

Patrick Chambers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: homocysteine; MTHFR; circumventricular organ; magnesium; vitamin D; CD147

Online: 17 April 2023 (10:30:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0233.v1

A Wireless Animal Robot Stimulation System Based on Neuronal Electrical Signal Characteristics

Rui Yan, Ruituo Huai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: animal robots; neuronal electrical signal; electrical stimulation; Direct Digital Synthesis algorithm

Online: 12 November 2021 (15:15:25 CET)

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Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

On the Emergence of Cognition and Consciousness: From Catalytic Closure to Neuroglial Closure

Jose Luis Perez Velazquez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: consciousness; cognition; life; equivalence relation; synchrony; compartmentalization; closure; connectivity

Online: 16 February 2020 (15:01:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0284.v1

Assessing the Relation between Plasma PCB concentrations and Elevated Autistic Behaviours Using Bayesian Predictive Odds Ratios

Brendan A. Bernardo, Bruce P. Lanphear, Scott A. Venners, Tye E. Arbuckle, Joseph M. Braun, Gina Muckle, William D. Fraser, Lawrence C. McCandless

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Autism; polychlorinated biphenyls; environmental chemicals; children; neurodevelopment

Online: 15 October 2018 (06:23:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0958.v1

Neuroprotective Effects of Fermented Blueberry and Black Rice Against Particulate Matter 2.5 μm-Induced Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo

Al Borhan Bayazid, Soo Ah Jeong, Shofiul Azam, Seung Hyeon Oh, Beong Ou Lim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: PM2.5; Inflammation: Neurodegeneration; Cognition: FBBR; Bioactive

Online: 14 September 2023 (10:30:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0009.v1

Imatinib Sets Pericyte Mosaic in the Retina

Tamás Kovács-Öller, Elena Ivanova, Gergely Szarka, Ádám J Tengölics, Béla Völgyi, Botir T Sagdullaev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: pericyte; retina; Imatinib; Gleevec; PDGFR; neurovascular

Online: 2 January 2020 (04:33:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0478.v1

Drug Repurposing for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection by Systems Biology Methods

Bo-Min Lv, Xin-Yu Tong, Yuan Quan, Meng-Yuan Liu, Qing-Ye Zhang, Yun-Feng Song, Hong-Yu Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Japanese encephalitis virus; drug repurposing; systems biology; antiviral agents

Online: 20 November 2018 (04:54:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1661.v1

Markov Blankets and Mirror Symmetries. Free Energy Minimization and Mesocortical Anatomy

James Wright, Paul Bourke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: free energy principle; active inference; predictive coding; Markov blankets; cortical development; cortical mesoanatomy; cortical self-organization

Online: 29 February 2024 (05:39:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0203.v1

Clinical Utility of the Pathogenesis-related Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

Bin Zhou, Masanori Fukushima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; biomarkers dynamics; interaction; time order

Online: 15 February 2020 (15:06:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1756.v1

Analysis of Rat Brainstem Transcriptome Changes after Acute Stress

Dmitriy A. Lanshakov, Ekaterina V Sukhareva, Veta V Bulygina, Anna A. Khozyainova, Tatiana S. Gerashchenko, Evgeny V. Denisov, Tatiana S Kalinina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: RNAseq; DSN; FST; acute stress; brainstem; Transcriptome

Online: 27 October 2023 (05:24:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2190.v1

Emerging Techniques for the Study of Microglia: Visualization, Depletion and Fate Mapping

Bianca Bobotis, Torin Halvorson, Micaël Carrier, Marie-Ève Tremblay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: microglia; microglial markers; fate mapping; electron microscopy; positron-emission tomography; reporter genes; microglial depletion; Cre/Lox systems

Online: 31 August 2023 (12:18:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2093.v1

Principles for Adapting Assessments of Executive Function Across Cultural Contexts

Matthew C. H. Jukes, Ishita Ahmed, Sara Baker, Catherine E. Draper, Steven J. Howard, Dana Charles McCoy, Jelena Obradović, Sharon Wolf

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Assessment; Culture; Real-life measurements; Executive Functions; Naturalistic settings; Schooling

Online: 30 January 2024 (09:15:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202307.0461.v1

Pericytes and Resident Perivascular Macrophages Play a Key Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Melvin R Hayden

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Astrocytes; BBB; Enlarged Perivascular Spaces; glymphatic system; microglia; MRI; Perivascular Spaces; Small vessel disease

Online: 7 July 2023 (05:16:32 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Towards Random Walks Underlying Neuronal Spikes

Arturo Tozzi, Alexander Yurkin, James F. Peters

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: arithmetic figures; Pascal’s triangle; geometrization of brain; central nervous system; nonlinear

Online: 4 December 2019 (04:43:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0473.v1

Genes Involved by Dexamethasone in Prevention of Long-Term Memory Impairment Caused by Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation

Galina T. Shishkina, Tatiana S Kalinina, Dmitry A. Lanshakov, Veta V. Bulygina, Natalia P. Komysheva, Anita V. Bannova, Uliana S. Drozd, Nikolay N. Dygalo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: lipopolysaccharide; dexamethasone; hippocampus; RNA- sequencing; memory; inflammation; glutamate

Online: 7 August 2023 (03:38:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1121.v1

Microfluidics for Brain Endothelial-Astrocytic Interactions

Jayita Sanapathi, Pravinkumar Vipparthi, Alejandro Sosnik, Murali Kumarasamy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: astroglia; endothelial cells; biomimetic systems; microfluidics; neurodegeneration

Online: 16 June 2023 (03:39:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2222.v1

Microbiome: The Next Frontier in Psychedelic Renaissance

Robert B. Kargbo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Psychedelic renaissance; Mental health; Therapeutic potential; Gut microbiome; Psychedelic substances; Personalized medicine; Gut-brain axis; Mood regulation; Microbiome-targeted interventions; Psychopharmacology

Online: 31 May 2023 (10:32:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0303.v1

The Mechanism of Methylmercury Permeation Through the Blood-Brain Barrier using Caenorhabditis elegans

Zehra Jaffery

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Methylmercury; Alzheimer’s; Parkinson’s; Blood-Brain Barrier; L-Cysteine; Neurotoxicity

Online: 22 June 2022 (03:59:59 CEST)

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Methylmercury is a neurotoxin present in fish tissues that permeates the blood-brain barrier after consumption. Previous research has shown that methylmercury is harmful to neurons, causing pH alterations, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and parenchymal damage. Methylmercury is a known factor of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The method by which methylmercury passes through the blood-brain barrier is largely unknown. According to preliminary studies, one way methylmercury crosses the blood-brain barrier is by creating a complex with L-Cysteine, which facilitates its passage by the LATs system through mimicking another amino acid existing in the body. The human blood-brain barrier was studied using C. elegans as a model organism. It was hypothesized that if methylmercury passes through the blood-brain barrier of C. elegans faster with L-Cysteine present than without L-Cysteine present, the methylmercury's adverse effects (death and locomotive difficulty) will occur sooner. Each of the four experimental groups contained one C. elegans: the control, the L-Cysteine group, the methylmercury group, and the methylmercury and L-Cysteine combination group. The effects of L-Cysteine and methylmercury on C. elegans were studied using three metrics: viability, locomotive disability, and time for locomotive effects to occur. The group that received both methylmercury and L-Cysteine had reduced viability rates and a decreased time for locomotive difficulty to develop, supporting the hypothesis. These findings suggest that L-Cysteine aids methylmercury permeation through the blood-brain barrier. Because the experiment indicates how methylmercury penetrates the blood-brain barrier, these results aid in finding a therapeutic solution to reverse methylmercury neurotoxicity in the brain. Additionally, this study further opens channels into potential therapeutic and preventative measures for dementia, improving morbidity and mortality in neurodegenerative diseases.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Neural Differentiation Dynamics Controlled by Multiple Feedback Loop Motifs in a Comprehensive Molecular Interaction Network

Tsuyoshi Iwasaki, Ryo Takiguchi, Takumi Hiraiwa, Takahiro G. Yamada, Kazuto Yamazaki, Noriko Hiroi, Akira Funahashi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neural differentiation; regulatory motif; feedback regulation; signaling pathway; mathematical models

Online: 24 December 2019 (11:20:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1188.v1

The Struggle To Find Appropriate Anaesthetics For Invertebrates: Fast, Effective Anaesthetization Of Octopus vulgaris

Anna Di Cosmo, Valeria Maselli, Emanuela Cirillo, Mariangela Norcia, Heethaka Krishanta Sameera De Zoysa, Gianluca Polese, William Winlow

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: invertebrate welfare; Octopus vulgaris; Anaesthetic protocol; Isoflurane; Magnesium chloride; stress reduction

Online: 19 October 2023 (03:28:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1547.v1

Realization of Amyloid like Aggregation as a Common Cause for the Pathogenesis in Diseases

Soumick Naskar, Nidhi Gour

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Amyloid; Aggregation; Self-assembly; Gene mutation; Disease Pathogenesis; Inborn errors of metabolism

Online: 23 May 2023 (03:35:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0224.v1

Recognizing and Distinguising the Phenomenon Referred to as Meningioma

Bruce M. Rothschild

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: meningioma; hemangioma; cranial pathology; porotic hyperostosis; differential diagnosis; osteosarcoma

Online: 14 July 2022 (12:29:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0333.v1

p75NTR as a Molecular Memory Switch

Shen Ning, Mehdi Jorfi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: memory; p75NTR; synaptic plasticity; sleep deprivation

Online: 25 December 2019 (03:27:36 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1335.v1

On the Natural Intelligence and Consciousness of the Immune System and Its Relationship with the Brain

Marco Ruggiero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain; Immune System; Orch OR; Consciousness; Microtubules; Tubulin; Religious Chanting.

Online: 18 August 2023 (09:15:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0790.v1

Neural Coupling between Interhemispheric and Frontoparietal Functional Connectivity during Semantic Processing

Takahiro Soshi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neural coupling; functional connectivity; semantic processing; electroencephalogram

Online: 13 September 2023 (07:33:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0790.v2

Neural Coupling between Interhemispheric and Frontoparietal Functional Connectivity during Semantic Processing

Takahiro Soshi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: neural coupling; functional connectivity; semantic processing; electroencephalogram

Online: 17 October 2023 (07:31:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0973.v1

Therapeutic Potential of Vitamins in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with the Compromised Status of the Vitamin-Dependent Processes

Victoria Bunik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: vitamin B1; vitamin B6; vitamin B3; pyridoxal-5’-phosphate; thiamine diphosphate; NAD+, mutation in vitamin-binding protein; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; DHTKD1; PDK3; PDXK

Online: 26 April 2023 (08:33:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0996.v1

Finding Inner Peace, Forging Inner Strength with GABA: the Intertwined Dance of Mental Relaxation and the Immune System

Marco Ruggiero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Neuroscience And Neurology Keywords: Brain; immune system; gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA; chondroitin sulfate; relaxation; stress ;

Online: 12 January 2024 (09:03:15 CET)

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Biology and Life Sciences