Abstract:

The construction environment of hydraulic engineering is complex, while traditional safety monitoring methods suffer from low efficiency and delayed response. Although static recognition models based on improved YOLOv5s have enhanced detection accuracy, they still cannot assess behavioral persistence and struggle to achieve proactive early warning. To address this, this study integrates the improved YOLOv5s with the DeepSORT algorithm to construct an integrated real-time "detection-tracking-warning" system. The system utilizes DeepSORT to achieve stable personnel tracking in complex scenarios and triggers dynamic warnings based on spatiotemporal behavioral logic. A desktop prototype system was developed using PyQt5/PySide6. Experimental results show that the system achieves a Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy (MOTA) of 86.2% in multi-object occlusion scenarios; the accuracy of unsafe behavior warning exceeds 95%, with an average delay of less than 1.5 seconds. This research accomplishes a transition from passive recognition to proactive warning, providing an intelligent solution for safety management in hydraulic construction.

Abstract: Glutathione-S-Transferase T1 (GSTT1) and M1 (GSTM1) are key enzymes involved in phase II detoxification. Null genotypes resulting from gene deletions lead to a complete loss of enzymatic activity, reducing the capacity to metabolize xenobiotics and increasing the risk of adverse effects. Although genotype frequencies vary across ethnic groups, data from non-European populations, particularly Andean populations, remain limited. In this cross-sectional study, the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes was determined in 206 individuals from Cusco and Junín. Genotyping was performed by PCR using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood. The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype was 49.51%, whereas that of GSTT1 was 25.24%. Combined genotype analysis showed that 63.11% of participants carried at least one null genotype and 11.65% carried both null variants. No significant differences were observed between Cusco and Junín. Compared with previously reported data, these frequencies were similar to those observed in Peruvian coastal and several South American populations. At the intercontinental level, frequencies were comparable to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, but differed from Sub-Saharan Africa and Native American populations. This first molecular characterization of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in Andean populations provides a baseline for pharmacogenetics and precision medicine research in high-altitude settings.

Abstract: Background: A significant proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with ustekinumab (UST) or vedolizumab (VDZ) experience an absence or loss of response with conventional treatment regimens. Available evidence on the intensification of these agents is limited. Aims: Main: To evaluate the frequency of intensification of UST and VDZ, the most frequent type of intensification, and its effectiveness, durability and safety. Secondary: Analyze predictors of response.Methods: Single-centre, retrospective, observational study including 101 patients with IBD who received UST and/or VDZ in an intensified regimen from its approval until June 2022. Efficacy was assessed at weeks 16 and 52 after intensification. Clinical response was considered to be a decrease of ≥3 points in clinical indices; and clinical remission as disappearance of symptoms. Results: Inten-sified treatment was given to 48.95% and 77.36% of patients on UST and VDZ, respective-ly. At 16 weeks, the rate of clinical response and remission for UST was 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively; and 46.3% and 20% for VDZ. At week 52 after UST intensification, 60% achieved a clinical response (43% remission); and 46.3% (31.7% remission) responded with VDZ. The likelihood of maintenance of intensified treatment was 79% for UST and 61% for VDZ (median follow-up 21 and 16 months, respectively). The use of corticoster-oids/ immunosuppressants was associated with a lack of response to short-term UST in-tensification (p=0.02). Conclusion: The frequency of intensification of UST and VDZ in real clinical practice is high. Short-term results of such strategy are acceptable and long-lasting, especially regarding UST.

Abstract: The rapid advancement of deep learning technologies has markedly influenced numerous sectors, particularly agriculture. This survey paper presents an exhaustive review of contemporary trends, challenges, and future perspectives in the application of deep learning to agricultural tasks. By meticulously analyzing 95 research papers published in 2020, this review categorizes studies based on application areas, deep learning methodologies, data sources, targeted crops, and utilized frameworks. The findings highlight the predominance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), with Keras and TensorFlow emerging as the most frequently employed frameworks. Primary data sources include camera and satellite imagery. Key applications explored encompass plant disease detection, weather forecasting, crop yield prediction, and plant classification. Additionally, the paper underscores performance metrics and model accuracies, with disease detection models frequently surpassing 95% accuracy. Challenges such as data availability, model generalization, and computational costs are critically examined, alongside potential future directions for integrating emerging technologies to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. This survey aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of the landscape of deep learning applications in agriculture, highlighting areas ripe for future research.

Abstract: This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.

Abstract: We provide a falsifiable stress test for a light, narrow scalar statewith a fixed target mass m_S ≃58.1 GeV. The collider component is for-mulated exclusively in terms of experimentally meaningful observables,upper limits on σ(pp→S) ×BR(S →X), and an analytic recast intoportal parameters such as sin² θ×BR. We document why a genuinenon-observation can persist at low masses (bounded analysis windows,trigger and bandwidth bottlenecks) and we spell out minimal, concretearchive-analysis requests to ATLAS/CMS. In parallel, we provide afully executable Pantheon+ likelihood pipeline reporting χ²min togetherwith AIC/BIC for ΛCDM (pipeline validation) and for a simple exten-sion. The derivations used throughout are included in the manuscript appendices.

Abstract: Raisin syrup sourdough is a popular traditional leavening method in Japan, yet its specific impact on bread aroma evolution and shelf-life stability remains scientifically underex-plored. This study characterized the fermentation dynamics and volatile profiles of raisin syrup sourdough bread compared to a commercial yeast control over a 3-day shelf life, utilizing comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) and primary metabolite profiling of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. The analysis resolved over 760 volatiles and revealed a fundamental kinetic divergence: while the yeast control exhibited a 24-hour metabolic lag, the raisin sourdough achieved rapid activation, establishing a higher initial volatile load immediately post-baking. Driven by Lactic Acid Bacteria dominance and extensive proteolysis, the sourdough’s acidic environment facilitated the retention of fruity esters and malty branched-chain aldehydes while effectively suppressing lipid oxidation markers like 9,17-Octadecadienal. Key aromatic markers, including Benzenepropanol and Octanoate , were significantly elevated and stabilized in the sourdough group. These findings demonstrate that raisin syrup fermentation generates a superior, stable aromatic profile, providing a scientific basis for optimizing clean-label artisan bread production in the Japanese market.

Abstract:

Extreme precipitation poses a major natural hazard in the western Mediterranean, particularly along the Valencia coast, where torrential events recur with significant societal impacts. This study evaluates the feasibility and added value of an explicitly spatial approach for estimating return periods of extreme precipitation in the Júcar and Turia basins, moving beyond traditional point-based or micro-catchment analyses. Our methodology consists of progressive spatial aggregation of time series within a basin to better estimate return periods of exceeding specific catastrophic rainfall thresholds. This technique allows us to compare 10-min rainfall data of a reference station (e.g. Turis, València, 29 October 2024 catastrophe) with long-term annual maxima from 98 stations. Temporal structure is characterized using the fractal−intermittency n index, while tail behavior is modeled using several extreme-value distributions (Gumbel, GEV, Weibull, Gamma, and Pareto) and guided by empirical errors. Results show that n ≈ 0.3−0.4 is consistent for extreme rainfall, while return periods systematically decrease as stations are added, stabilizing with about 15-20 stations, once the relevant spatial heterogeneity is sampled. Specifically, the probability of exceeding extreme thresholds is between 3 and 10 times higher for the areal than the point approach. Overall, the results demonstrate that spatially-integrated return-period estimation is operational, physically consistent, and better suited for basin-scale risk assessment than purely point-based approaches.

Abstract: We present an audit-grade formulation of the Quantum Information Copy-Time (QICT) program as a micro–macro closure framework and as a quantitative pipeline for falsifiable predictions. The core observable is the operational copy time τ_copy(ℓ;ε, δ⋆): the minimal time required for a calibrated local bias in a sender region to become statistically distinguishable in a receiver region at separation ℓ, under explicit signal-to-noise accuracy ε and disturbance budget δ⋆. Under transparent hypotheses—locality, sector ergodicity, and the existence of a quantitative diffusive hydrodynamic window—we derive a one-way lower bound τcopy ≳ ℓ²/D with a strict feasibility correction controlled by the inversion of the diffusive tail. We show how a measurable Spectral Diffusion Criterion (SDC) in the hydrodynamic sector converts microscopic unitary dynamics into an auditable transport closure. We connect this closure to two predictive targets: (i) an inertial spectral mass diagnostic defined from long-wavelength spectral flow, and (ii) a reproducible Higgs-portal dark-matter corridor in the scalarsinglet model, where the QICT calibration acts as a restrictive prior on the effective portal region. A complete reproduction package (code, data products, and figures) is provided; we emphasize which statements are definitions, which are assumptions, and which are falsifiable predictions.

Abstract:

Nickel-supported over SiO₂-CeO₂ mixed oxides were investigated as catalysts for syngas production via the dry reforming of methane. The SiO₂-CeO₂ supports were optimized, playing on the preparation method and ceria loading with the aim of stabilizing nickel nanoparticles, enhancing the catalytic performance, and improving the resistance to coke formation under high-temperature reforming conditions. To investigate the effect of support composition, SiO₂-CeO₂ mixed oxides with ceria contents ranging from 5 to 30 wt% were prepared using two synthesis routes: sol-gel and wetness impregnation methods. A nickel loading of 5 wt% was deposited on the resulting supports. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction, and Raman spectroscopy. Catalytic activity tests were conducted over reduced catalysts in an H₂-He stream at 750 °C, using a feed mixture containing 15 vol% CH₄ and 15 vol% CO₂ in He. The effect of temperature on catalytic performance was evaluated in the range of 450–800 °C. Thermogravimetric, XRD and Raman analyses of spent catalysts were used to assess carbon deposition and the nature of crystalline phases. The results highlight the role of CeO₂ content and preparation method in determining nickel dispersion, reducibility, catalytic performance in DRM, and coke resistance.

Abstract:

Paravalvular leak (PVL) remains a clinically important complication after surgical or transcatheter valve implantation, presenting predominantly with heart failure (HF) and/or high-shear hemolysis. While redo surgery can be definitive, contemporary candidates frequently carry prohibitive operative risk, positioning transcatheter PVL closure as a key therapeutic alternative. However, available outcome data are largely derived from observational series and registries with heterogeneity in PVL mechanisms, prosthesis types, imaging protocols, and endpoint definitions. Standardized frameworks—such as those proposed by the PVL Academic Research Consortium—support harmonized PVL grading and clinically meaningful composite endpoints that integrate imaging/hemodynamic results with patient-centered outcomes. Across datasets, the most consistent determinant of benefit is residual PVL severity: procedural efficacy is most commonly defined as achieving ≤mild residual regurgitation without prosthetic leaflet interference, device embolization, or major complications. This review provides a step-by-step, phenotype-driven approach to transcatheter PVL closure, emphasizing multimodality imaging (TEE and cardiac CT, with adjunct CMR and PET when appropriate), access and support planning tailored to valve position, and morphology-matched device selection—often requiring modular multi-device strategies for elongated crescentic channels, particularly in hemolysis-predominant presentations. We also synthesize evidence on complications and bailout management, with a focus on preventable high-severity events (leaflet impingement, embolization, stroke/air, vascular injury, tamponade) and standardized pre-release safety checks. Collectively, contemporary practice supports high implant success in experienced programs, with clinical improvement tightly coupled to procedural endpoint quality and careful Heart Team selection.

Abstract:

The framework of the research whose part of results are published in this work is the category of real vector bundles over finite dimensional differentiable manifolds. The objects of studies are \( \textit{gauge structures on these vector bundles} \). We are interested in dynamical properties of the holonomy groups of Koszul connections as well as on their topological properties, i.e. properties that are of homological nature. For the most part the context is the subcategory of Lie algebroids. In addition to other investigations three open problems are studied in detail. (P1-Affine Geometry): When is a Koszul connection affine connection? (P2-Riemannian Geometry): When is a Koszul connection metric connection? (P3-Fedosov Geometry): When is a Koszul connection symplectic connection? In the category of tangent Lie algebroids our homological approach leads to deep relations of our homological ingredients with the open problem of \( \textit{how to produce labeled foliations the most studied of which are Riemannian foliations} \). On a Lie algebroid we define two families of differential equations, the family of differential Hessian equations and the family of differential gauge equations. The solutions of these differential equations are implemeted to construct homological ingredients which are key tools for our studies of open problems we are concerned with. We introduce \( \textit{Koszul Homological Series}\textit{Koszul Homological Series} \). This notion is a machine for converting Obstructions whose nature is vector space into Obstructions whose nature is Homological class. We define the property of Degeneracy and the property Nondegeneracy of Koszul homological Series. The property of Degeneracy is implemented to solve problems (P1), (P2) and (P3). \( \textit{In the abundant literature on Riemannian foliatins we have only cited references directely related to the open problems which are studied using the tools which are introduced in this work. Thus the property of nondegeneracy is implemented to give a complete solution of the problem posed by E. Ghys, (P4-Differential Topology): How to produce Riemanian foliations?} \). See our Theorem 7.4 and Theorem 7.5 which are fruits of a happy conjunction between the gauge geometry and the differential topology.

Abstract: Background: Osteoarthritis, the most common musculoskeletal disorder primarily af-fects people in their mid-40s and older. As the disease progresses, degenerative chang-es occur in the synovial membrane, subchondral bone, and cartilage. Ultimately, the entire joint and its surrounding tissues become structurally and functionally impaired. Several sets of biochemical markers have been proposed to establish a timely diagnosis and anticipate progression. However, only a few of these are routinely used for disease monitoring. Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-center cohort study of 72 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Diagnosis was established on clinical data and radiological find-ings. We examined four cartilage metabolic regulatory factors: the Wnt/β-catenin sig-naling inhibitors serum DKK-1 and sclerostin, RANKL, and OPG, correlating these with disease activity and pain scores (WOMAC, VAS, and KOFUS), radiographic stage, inflammatory molecules and indices, and bone mineral density. Results: DKK-1 levels were higher in the intensive pain group (VAS >5) and were posi-tively correlated with the KOFUS flare-up score throughout the study. This correlation was stronger in individuals with a BMI < 30. Serum DKK-1 levels were higher in pa-tients with lower bone mineral density. No significant modifications in SOST, RANKL, or OPG levels were found. Conclusion: DKK-1 is an indicator of pain and low-grade flare-ups in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), being elevated in the early stages of the disease, associated with increasing pain intensity and impaired bone turnover. Early warnings of aug-mentation would be useful for more efficiently exploiting potential disease-modifying treatments.

Abstract: This paper publishes 735,000 historical passenger entries from the German North Sea port of Bremen, created between 1830 and 1939, and now structured, enriched, and processed into a research-ready database. It provides an overview of the original archival documents and their datafication, beginning with a historical account of why the passenger lists were created and which information they recorded. Building on extensive prior work—largely carried out by family researchers—the lists were transcribed manually and first made available online in 2003. To enhance their analytical value, we computationally post-processed these data through: (1) data cleaning, especially addressing spelling variants and transcription errors; (2) data normalisation, including conversion into standardised formats; and (3) data augmentation by adding identifiers, geographic information, and multiple classifications. Finally, we discuss limitations of the resulting dataset as well as its analytical potential.

Abstract: Determining the most appropriate point for monitoring hourly sea surface salinity (SSS) in an outer estuary is a crucial requirement for operationalising a relatively proactive approach for monitoring and predicting upstream seawater intrusion (USI) successfully. However, our current knowledge of such high-frequency dynamics of SSS; and their spatial variability along the transect of the outer areas of European estuaries including Shannon Estuary, particularly when it comes to using relevant numerical model-derived (NM-D) data is still very limited. The study leveraged appropriate NM-D hourly SSS data to determine the daily, intraseasonal, and annual SSS variability at 4 different points in the outer part of Shannon Estuary; and to determine the most appropriate point for monitoring and predicting USI in the outer estuary. Descriptive statistics including measures of variability; and rigorous inferential statistics, pairwise Brown-Forsythe’s test were utilised for the study. Points A, B, C, and D show annual mean SSS (AMSSS) of 33.985, 33.881, 34.125, and 34.343; and annual mean CV (AMCV) of 0.086, 0.073, 0.094, and 0.106 % respectively. The lowest values exhibited by the point B in the results imply the highest level of annual freshwater availability (AFWA); and the most stable SSS on annual time scale. The Brown-Forsythe’s tests of the difference in the hourly SSS variability for points A vs B, A vs D, B vs C, B vs D, and C vs D show P-value of < 0.05, while A vs C shows P-value of > 0.05. This implies that the difference in the hourly SSS variability between the points of observation in each of the 5 pairs out of 6 is statistically significant. Instead of point A that is relatively close to the inner estuary, the results remarkably establish the point B as the most appropriate for monitoring and predicting USI in the outer estuary. The findings imply significant spatial and temporal dynamics, which underscore a complex hydrographic regime characterised by distinct geographic gradients and pronounced seasonal transitions in the outer parts of European estuaries.

Abstract: The tumor microenvironment is a complex environment with interdependence on the relationship between host cells and pathogenic microorganism. This relationship either suppress or promote tumor progression. Pathogens such as H.pylori, F. nucleatum Epstein-Barr virus, Human Papilloma virus and Candida albicans contribute to tumorigenesis through diverse means such as immune checkpoint evasion, genomic instability, reactive oxygen species, viral integration and metabolic reprogramming that favors immunosuppression.Multiomics technologies are relevant in revealing unique host-pathogen signatures that correlate tumor type, tumor staging and therapy response. Artificial intelligence and machine learning models have enabled the integration of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic and microbiome data to identify pathogen-driven molecular patterns associated with cancer and treatment outcomes. However, translating these findings into clinical practice faces challenges, such as inter-patient variability in microbial composition, the need for external validation across diverse cohorts and the development of standardized cost-effective diagnostic platforms. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the transformative potential of computational frameworks that are available to study these interactions between microbes in the tumor microenvironment and outlines future directions. By bridging the molecular mechanisms with computational innovation, this review provides a roadmap for leveraging hos-pathogen interactions to improve cancer diagnosis, treatment options and patient outcomes.

Abstract:

We present a strict, non-circular formulation of a “copy-horizon” infrared (IR) scale defined operationally from a quantum-information copy time by the single criterion . The definition requires only mild locality/monotonicity assumptions and does not postulate an a priori cosmological IR cutoff (such as the future event horizon). We then combine this operational IR scale with the Cohen–Kaplan–Nelson (CKN) gravitational collapse bound to obtain the energy-density scaling as a consistency constraint, and we formulate “saturation” as a falsifiable mechanism with a severe inequality . We derive the minimal background consequence and show how a hydrodynamic realization of yields rigid consistency relations linking expansion, growth, and transient time-of-flight observables.

Abstract: A novel classical theory of gravity, “gravity shift theory,” assumes absolute flat spacetime and the strong equivalence principle (SEP). Adherence to these postulates necessitates “gravity shifts”—universal fractional length and duration changes—dimensionally perturbing all physical objects and determining gravitational phenomena. Two observer classes emerge. “Natural observers,” using gravity shifted instruments as is, applicable for all presently available observations, perceive a curved “natural metric.” “Absolute observers,” correcting for instrument shifts, measure the absolute flat metric accurately. For a local gravitational system within a negligible-curvature background, the background system’s gravity shifting induces an applied diffeomorphism. Full SEP satisfaction for natural observers is thus ensured—a required critical observational property heretofore predicted by general relativity only. Under the equivalence principle, the natural metric universally couples to matter and nongravitational fields, identifying it as the gravitational metric in physical laws. A unique, parameterless field equation determines gravity shifts and, therefore, the natural metric. The resultant bimetric theory is complete and self-consistent. The field equation yields the observed post-Newtonian natural metric and linearizes to the predictive linearized Einstein equation, which, along with SEP satisfaction, results in successful prediction of a wide variety of observed gravitational phenomena. A supplement is provided that extends the range of prediction verification to include low post-Newtonian order radiation cases, and also the strong-field cases consisting of the properties of black and neutron stars plus nearby matter and light.

Abstract: This paper establishes a unified mathematical framework independent of strong regularity constraints on initial data and external forces, and rigorously proves the existence, uniqueness, and stability of global smooth solutions for the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The framework covers three classes of initial data: $H^{s}$-bounded, purely $L^{2}$-bounded, and locally weakly singular, with external forces restricted only to $L^{2}([0, \infty) ; L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{3}))$. The core innovation lies in the trinity framework of compactly supported mollifier regularization, uniform double limit energy estimates, and Galerkin iteration, which seamlessly adapts to both weakly regular practical scenarios and highly regular ideal scenarios without structural reconstruction. Key conclusions include: (1) Local weak singularities of initial data vanish instantaneously for $t>0$, and solutions are globally smooth in $C^{\infty}((0, \infty) ; H^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{3}))$; (2) High-regularity initial data and external forces yield solutions with arbitrary-order smoothness at $t=0$ and for all subsequent time, excluding finite-time blow-up; (3) Turbulent "apparent singularities" are interpreted as spatiotemporal high-frequency oscillations of smooth solutions, without relying on physical assumptions. This work fills the gap in weakly regular well-posedness theory and provides rigorous mathematical support for ideal scenario analysis.

Abstract: Objective: To clarify the pathophysiology of myopic optic neuropathy (MON) and its relationship to glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Background: MON is presumed to be associated with posterior pole ectasia and de-formation of the lamina cribrosa (LC) and parapapillary region. Its dependance on intra-ocular pressure is expected to be weaker than that of GON, however, the characteristics and clinical behavior of MON remain incompletely understood. Methods: A PubMed search using the keywords myopia, glaucoma, retinal nerve fiber, optic disc, and axonal transport identified 233 relevant publications, which were analyzed in this narrative review. Results: In myopic eyes, a large optic disc, thin or defective LC, and parapapillary mi-crovasculature dropout (pMvD) are considered signs of increased vulnerability to glau-comatous injury. Despite these structural risk factors, visual field (VF) progression in myopic patients with glaucoma is often slow. The involvement of MON, which likely de-velops in young adulthood and stabilizes with aging, may explain this discrepancy. MON may substantially contribute to the development of central VF defects in myopic glau-coma, which are associated with elongation of papillomacular bundle, pMvD, and normal tension glaucoma. Experimental studies demonstrating impaired axonal transport at the optic disc margin provide important insights into the pathogenesis of MON. Additionally, optic disc deformations in myopia including disc tilting, rotation, and focal thinning or defects of the LC may contribute to atypical VF defects and altered suscep-tibility to glaucomatous damage. Conclusion: Interaction between MON and GON may explain atypical VF defects and the relatively slow VF progression observed in myopic patients with glaucoma-like VF defects.