Search Subject Areas | Preprints.org

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0350.v1

Is there a Link between the 2021 COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Europe and 2022 Excess All-Cause Mortality?

Jarle Aarstad, Olav Andreas Kvitastein

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; vaccination; all-cause mortality; excess mortality; causal inferences; ecological fallacy; individualistic fallacy

Online: 21 February 2023 (03:49:52 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0330.v2

COVID-19: Rethinking the Lockdown Groupthink

Ari Joffe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; Public Health; Lockdowns; Cost-benefit analysis; Groupthink

Online: 4 November 2020 (10:14:33 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

The First, Comprehensive Immunological Model of COVID-19: Implications for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Public Health Measures

Paolo Matricardi, Roberto Dal Negro, Roberto Nisini

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: antibodies; COVID-19; glycans; immunoglobulin M; SARS-CoV-2; pneumonia; prediction; protection

Online: 24 April 2020 (10:25:27 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0330.v1

COVID-19: Rethinking the Lockdown Groupthink

Ari Joffe

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; Public Health; Lockdowns; Cost-benefit analysis

Online: 15 October 2020 (16:02:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0204.v3

Forgotten “Primum Non Nocere” and Increased Mortality after Covid-19 Vaccination

Srecko Šorli, Tomaz Makovec, Zivan Krevel, Rado Gorjup

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Covid-19 vaccination; death rate; sick status days

Online: 13 February 2023 (04:27:07 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0271.v1

Clinical Characteristics, Activity Levels and Mental Health Problems in Children with Long COVID: A Survey of 510 Children

Danilo Buonsenso, Ferran Espuny Pujol, Daniel Munblit, Sammie Mcfarland, Frances Simpson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: long covid; children; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 9 March 2021 (12:37:24 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0203.v4

Face Masks Against COVID-19: An Evidence Review

Jeremy Howard, Austin Huang, Zhiyuan Li, Zeynep Tufekci, Vladimir Zdimal, Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen, Arne von Delft, Amy Price, Lex Fridman, Lei-Han Tang, Viola Tang, Gregory L. Watson, Christina E. Bax, Reshama Shaikh, Frederik Questier, Danny Hernandez, Larry F. Chu, Christina M. Ramirez, Anne W. Rimoin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; masks; pandemic

Online: 2 November 2020 (10:18:00 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The science around the use of masks by the general public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. Policymakers need guidance on how masks should be used by the general population to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, considering and synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact; transmission characteristics; source control; PPE; sociological considerations; and implementation considerations. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via respiratory droplets, and is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Reducing disease spread requires two things: first, limit contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures, and second, reduce the transmission probability per contact. The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces the transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected droplets in both laboratory and clinical contexts. Public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus when compliance is high. The decreased transmissibility could substantially reduce the death toll and economic impact while the cost of the intervention is low. Given the current shortages of medical masks we recommend the adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. Because many respiratory droplets become smaller due to evaporation, we recommend increasing focus on a previously overlooked aspect of mask usage: mask-wearing by infectious people ("source control") with benefits at the population-level, rather than mask-wearing by susceptible people, such as health-care workers, with focus on individual outcomes. We recommend that public officials and governments strongly encourage the use of widespread face masks in public, including the use of appropriate regulation.

Working Paper CASE REPORT

Thalidomide Combined with Low-dose Glucocorticoid in the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia

Chengshui Chen, Feng Qi, Keqing Shi, Yuping Li, Ji Li, Yongping Chen, Jingye Pan, Tieli Zhou, Xiangyang Lin, Jinsan Zhang, Yongde Luo, Xiaokun Li, Jinglin Xia

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Thalidomide; pneumonia

Online: 26 February 2020 (12:31:47 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper CASE REPORT

A COVID-19 Case Report from Asymptomatic Contact: Implication for Contact Isolation and Incubation Management

Chang-Qiang Zhu, Shi-Ding Gao, Xiao-Hong Yang, Fu-Qiang Ye, Le-Le Ai, Rui-Chen Lv, Bin Zhang, Yin Li, Heng Lv, Yun-Sheng Liu, Chun-Meng Shi, Chun-Hui Wang, Wei-Long Tan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: patient; COVID-19; asymptomatic contact

Online: 9 March 2020 (10:34:58 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0414.v1

All-Cause Mortality According to COVID-19 Vaccination Status: an analysis of the UK Office for National Statistics Public Data

Alberto Donzelli, Giovanni Malatesta, Giovanni Di Palmo, Marco Cosentino, Marco Alessandria

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccinations; all-cause mortality; relative risk

Online: 24 February 2023 (02:03:36 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0633.v1

A Hierarchical Framework for Assessing Transmission Causality of Respiratory Viruses

Tom Jefferson, Carl Heneghan, Elizabeth Spencer, Jon Brassey, Annete Pluddeman, Igho Onakpoya, David Evans, John Conly

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: viral transmission; causation; evidence hierarchy; SARS-CoV-2; respiratory pathogens

Online: 23 April 2021 (11:59:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0173.v1

COVID-19 and Religion: Risks and Opportunities

Danilo Buonsenso, Walver Malorni, Grazia Leuconoe Sisti, Umberto Moscato

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: covid-19; religion; health

Online: 7 December 2020 (15:36:05 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0416.v1

Science’s Response to COVID-19

Yimon Aye, Marcus Long

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; CoVID-19 Dignosis; CoVID-19 Chemistry & Biology

Online: 16 March 2021 (11:54:28 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0321.v2

A Unique Phenomenon of the Pandemic 2020: Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients Is the Lowest on Sundays and Mondays

Mikhail Teppone

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: CoViD-19; Mortality; Weekly Cycle; Weekly Mortality Cycle; Pandemic

Online: 17 December 2020 (11:40:15 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0200.v1

Smoking and Vaping During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study Among Healthcare Workers in a Low and Middle-Income Country

Mahwish Amin, Javaria Syed, Hafiz Muhammad Salman, Azza Sarfraz, Syed Hashim Abbas Ali Bokhari, Zouina Sarfraz, Shehar Bano, Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Tobacco; smoking; vaping; COVID-19; motivation; social; environmental

Online: 10 May 2021 (14:29:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0139.v1

Resilience of Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic the 21 St Century Global Nursing Paradigm : A Literatur Review

Ari Damayanti Wahyuningrum, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Resilience; Nurses; Covid-19

Online: 5 April 2021 (14:00:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Serologic Response to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Lymphoma Patients

Eric M. Jurgens, Thomas J. Ketas, Zhen Zhao, Michael J. Satlin, Catherine B. Small, Ashley Sukhu, Erik Francomano, PJ Klasse, Arcania Garcia, Emeline Nguyenduy, Erica Bhavsar, Silvia Formenti, Richard Furman, John P. Moore, John P. Leonard, Peter Martin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; lymphoma; BNT162b2; mRNA-1273

Online: 28 July 2021 (17:21:17 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0066.v1

The Role of Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in Understanding the Coagulation Problems in COVID-19 Associated Critical Illness

Natalie Duric, Tamas Szakmany

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: ROTEM; COVID-19; coagulation

Online: 1 February 2021 (17:34:13 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0152.v1

Face Biometrics as a Potential Predictor for COVID-19 Susceptibility

Oleg Kit

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; face recognition

Online: 7 June 2021 (08:29:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0152.v1

Cropping up Crisis at the Nexus Between COVID-19 and AMR in Africa: A Scoping Review and Synthesis of Early Evidence

Girma Gutema, Gadissa Homa

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19 impacts; Antimicrobial resistance; Africa

Online: 7 May 2021 (16:21:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0078.v1

Influence Factors Psychological and Stigma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature Review

Joko Susanto, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Psychological; Stigma; Covid-19

Online: 2 April 2021 (17:02:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0162.v2

Epidemiology: Gray Immunity Model Gives Qualitatively Different Predictions

Milind Watve, Himanshu Bhisikar, Rohini Kharate

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Epidemiological model; immunity; Covid-19

Online: 6 October 2021 (11:50:28 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Compartmental models like the SIR model that dynamically divide the host population in categories such as susceptible, infected and immune form the mainstream of epidemiological modelling. Effectively such models treat infection and immunity as binary variables. We show here that considering immunity as a continuous variable instead of binary and incorporating factors that bring about small changes in immunity lead to qualitatively different epidemiological predictions. The small immunity effects (SIE) constitute cross immunity by other infections, small increments in immunity by sub clinical exposures and slow decay in the absence of repeated exposure. The SIE model explains many epidemiological patterns observed during the Covid-19 pandemic that are not adequately explained by conventional models. In the SIE model repeated waves are possible without the need for new variants. Peak and decline of a wave much before reaching herd immunity threshold, low level apparently stable existence of the pathogen, new surges after variable and unpredictable gaps, new surge after vaccinating majority of population are the common features of the pandemic mimicked by simulations using the SIE model. The model further shows complex interactions of different interventions that can be contextually synergistic as well as antagonistic. As a result, interventions intended to arrest the transmission are not always effective and can turn counterproductive under some conditions. Interventions that are beneficial in the short run can be potentially hazardous in the long run. In the absence of empirical estimates of many parameters, the model may not be useful to make quantitative predictions at this stage but it certainly challenges traditional wisdom and currently held beliefs behind non-pharmaceutical interventions recommended to control the epidemic. We also suggest testable predictions to differentiate between the causal logic of the SIE model against the prevalent explanations for the same observed phenomena.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0478.v1

Students’ Perception towards COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Bangladesh: A Study on University Students

Bikram Biswas, Mohammad Nur Ullah, Sajib Kumar Roy, Falguni Roy

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Perception, Covid-19, Vaccination, University Students, Bangladesh

Online: 19 April 2021 (12:27:47 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0490.v1

Long COVID, A Comprehensive Systematic Scoping Review

Hossein Akbarialiabad, Mohammad Hossein Taghrir, Ashkan Abdollahi, Nasrollah Ghahramani, Manasi Kumar, Shahram paydar, Babak Razani, John Mwangi, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Leila Malekmakan, Bahar Bastani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Covid-19; Long Covid-19; Long Haulers Covid; Post Covid-19 Syndrome; Post-Acute Covid-19; Corona Virus; SARS-Cov-2; Novel Corona Virus 2019; Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2; PASC, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19; Late Sequelae COVID-19

Online: 18 March 2021 (17:16:52 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Introduction: Despite more than one year passed since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were reported, there is still no consensus on the definition and clinical management of post-acute-COVID-19. The condition has heterogeneously been named as Chronic COVID syndrome, Post COVID-19 Syndrome, post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), and the more familiar long COVID. Method: In order to capture all relevant published studies, we undertook a multi-step search with no language restriction. The following four-step search strategy was utilized: First, a preliminary (limited) search was conducted on January 20, 2021, in Google Scholar and PubMed to identify the appropriate keywords. Then, on January 30, 2021, we adopted a search strategy of electronic databases from Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of sciences, using those keywords. Then, after duplicate removal, we screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts. This resulted in 66 eligible studies. Subsequently, after a forward and backward search of their references and citations an additional 54 publications were found, resulting in a total of 120 publications that formed the basis of the present analysis. The titles, abstracts, and full-texts of non-English articles were translated using Google Translate for further evaluation. We conducted our scoping review based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.Results: We found only one randomized clinical trial in our search. Of the 67 original studies, 22 were cohort and 28 were cross-sectional studies totaling 74.6% of the original studies. Of the total of 120 publications, 59 (49.1%) focused on signs and symptoms, 28 (23.3%) were focused on management, and 13 (10.8%) focused on pathophysiology. Ten (9%) publications focused on imaging studies. Ninety-one percent of the original investigations came from high and upper-middle-income countries, highlighting the scarcity of reports originating from low-income and lower-middle-income countries.Conclusion: The predominant symptoms among those with the so-called “Long COVID” were: fatigue, breathlessness, arthralgia, sleep difficulties, and chest pain. Recent reports also point to the risk of long-term sequela with cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, mental health, neurologic, and renal involvement in those who survive the acute phase of the illness. The ambiguity and controversies in its definition have impaired proper recognition and management of those requiring additional support following the resolution of the acute phase of this infection. This has resulted in long-standing distress for the patients and their families. Our findings highlight the need for a multidisciplinary approach, support, and rehabilitation for these patients in terms of long-term mental and physical health.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0361.v1

Guideline on Returning to Work after COVID-19 Infection

Mikhael Yosia, Nuri Purwito Adi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; occupational health; new normal

Online: 13 April 2021 (14:33:45 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

Pharmaceutical Waste: Overview, Management, and Impact of Improper Disposal

Milcah Njoki Nyaga, David Muriithi Nyagah, Aldress Njagi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Pharmaceutical waste; Sources; Cost of disposal; Management; Impact; Pharmacists

Online: 12 October 2020 (13:34:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Introduction: Pharmaceutical products are inevitable for human health. Owing to the growing need for pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical companies introduce drugs annually into the market in addition to the extensive collection of existing pharmaceutical products. Households, farms, health facilities, and pharmaceutical industries release pharmaceutical waste into the environment at low concentrations through routine pharmaceutical use, damage, and expiry. The effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) on non-target species in the environment are not known. Over the years, pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac and ibuprofen in trace amounts have been detected in public water systems, ground and surface water. Unwanted medicines should be safely disposed of at a reduced financial cost to mitigate the public and environmental health risks. Lack of general knowledge of how to dispose of unused pharmaceuticals leads to improper disposal resulting in accidental toxicity, rising healthcare costs, landfills pilfering/scavenging, water supply pollution, anti-microbial resistance, and death. To mitigate such effects, pharmacists should raise public awareness about safe disposal practices. Objective: This review aims to examine the sources of pharmaceutical waste, disposal costs, secure disposal methods, the effects of inappropriate disposal, and the role of pharmacists in the disposal. Method: The information on the stated objectives was gathered from available sources through a comprehensive literature review. Conclusion: Many countries contain tons of pharmaceutical waste that are expensive to destroy. Because of improper disposal, pharmaceutical waste has been found at trace amounts in drinking and surface water. A practical, environmentally sustainable approach to pharmaceutical waste management, with policies and guidelines, and public awareness campaigns, are necessary to address the problem of safe waste disposal. The national drug regulatory bodies should conduct environmental risk assessment resulting from the disposal of unwanted pharmaceuticals. Pharmacists should facilitate extensive training on sustainable drug use and proper pharmaceutical waste disposal at all levels to reduce the risks associated with improper disposal. Reduction of pharmaceutical waste generation at each step of a drug’s lifecycle, implementing takeback options, collection at approved sites, and modern technology to treat wastewater are highly recommended to reduce the effects of unwanted pharmaceuticals on human health and the environment.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0310.v1

The Hoverfly and the Wasp: A Critique of the Hallmarks of Aging as a Paradigm

David Gems, João Pedro de Magalhães

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: aging; geroscience; hallmarks; paradigm; senescence; theory

Online: 13 May 2021 (14:29:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0242.v1

Long-Haul COVID-19: Putative Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Treatments

Shin Jie Yong

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; long-haul; inflammation; tissue damage; drug repurposing

Online: 10 December 2020 (09:42:20 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0024.v1

Potential Inhibitors Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Activity (NSP12) of SARS-CoV-2

Zijing Ruan, Chao Liu, Yuting Guo, Zhenqing He, Xinhe Huang, Xu Jia, Tai Yang

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; nonstructural proteins (NSP); NSP12; NSP7; NSP8; virtual screening; inhibitor

Online: 2 March 2020 (03:11:33 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0407.v1

Vitamin C—An Adjunctive Therapy for Respiratory Infection, Sepsis and COVID-19

Patrick Holford, Anitra Carr, Thomas H. Jovic, Stephen R. Ali, Iain S. Whitaker, Paul Marik, David Smith

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; vitamin C; ascorbate; colds; pneumonia; sepsis; immunonutrition; supplementation

Online: 20 October 2020 (10:51:24 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0185.v1

One Year of COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Fatality Ratio and Infection Fatality Ratio. A Systematic Analysis of 219 Countries and Territories

Mikhail Teppone

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; Mortality rate; CFR; IFR; Case fatality ratio; Infection fatality ratio

Online: 8 July 2021 (10:00:51 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0413.v1

Vitamin D, Zinc and Iron in Adult Patients with Covid-19 and Their Action in The Immune Response as Biomarkers: A Case Report

Eliza Miranda Ramos, Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo, Igor Domingos de Souza, Gilberto Gonçalves Facco, Antônio Carlos de Abreu, Pamella Aline Miranda Teodoro, Alessandro Carvalho da Fonseca, Ernani Mendes da Fonseca Junior, Iara Barbosa Ramos, Valter Aragão Do Nascimento

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Zinc; vitamin D; iron; Gripes; COVID-19; Anemia

Online: 18 May 2021 (10:34:15 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0742.v1

A Single Dose of Psilocybin Increases Synaptic Density and Decreases 5-HT2A Receptor Density in the Pig Brain

Nakul Ravi Raval, Annette Johansen, Lene Lundgaard Donovan, Nídia Fernandez Ros, Brice Ozenne, Hanne Demant Hansen, Gitte Moos Knudsen

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Psilocybin; psychedelics; neuroplasticity; SV2A; 5-HT2A; depression; autoradiography; functional-selectivity

Online: 30 November 2020 (16:30:03 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0264.v2

4-Year Long Progression-Free and Symptom-Free Survival of a Patient with Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report of the Paleolithic Ketogenic Diet (PKD) Used as a Stand-Alone Treatment After Failed Standard Oncotherapy

Csaba Tóth, Andrea Dabóczi, Madhvi Chanrai, Mária Schimmer, Katalin Horváth, Zsófia Clemens

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: glioblastoma; brain tumor; paleolithic diet; ketogenic diet; paleolithic ketogenic diet; metabolic therapy; intestinal permeability; cancer treatment

Online: 9 November 2020 (11:25:35 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0024.v1

Predictors of Willingness of the General Public to Receive a Second COVID-19 Booster Dose or a New COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece

Petros Galanis, Irene Vraka, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Olga Siskou, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Theodoros Katsoulas, Theodoros Mariolis-Sapsakos, Daphne Kaitelidou

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: second COVID-19 booster; vaccination; COVID-19; willingness; predictors; general population

Online: 2 June 2022 (04:07:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

Autoimmune Thrombotic Thrombocytopathy Associated with COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: Learning from Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia

Michel Goldman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine; heparin; thrombocytopenia; thrombosis; platelet; endothelial cell; autoimmunity; proteoglycan; B cell; coagulation

Online: 9 April 2021 (10:13:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0345.v1

Preparing Returning Workplaces for COVID-19: An Occupational Health Perspective

Mikhael Yosia, Nuri Purwito Adi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; occupational health; returning to work

Online: 13 April 2021 (11:15:02 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0059.v1

Relation of Serum Copper Status to Survival in COVID-19

Julian Hackler, Raban Arved Heller, Qian Sun, Marco Schwarzer, Joachim Diegmann, Manuel Bachmann, Arash Moghaddam, Lutz Schomburg

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: trace element; inflammation; ceruloplasmin; micronutrient; COVID-19

Online: 5 May 2021 (13:10:13 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

The trace element copper (Cu) is part of our nutrition and essentially needed for several cuproenzymes that control redox status and support the immune system. In blood, the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (CP) accounts for the majority of circulating Cu and serves as transport protein. Both Cu and CP behave as positive, whereas serum selenium (Se) and its transporter selenoprotein P (SELENOP) behave as negative acute phase reactants. In view that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes systemic inflammation, we hypothesized that biomarkers of Cu and Se status are regulated inversely, in relation to disease severity and mortality risk. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients were analysed for Cu by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and CP was quantified by a validated sandwich ELISA. The two Cu biomarkers correlated positively in serum from patients with COVID-19 (R=0.42, p<0.001). Surviving patients showed higher mean serum Cu and CP concentrations in comparison to non-survivors ([mean+/-SEM], Cu; 1475.9+/-22.7 vs. 1317.9+/-43.9 µg/L; p<0.001, CP; 547.2.5 +/- 19.5 vs. 438.8+/-32.9 mg/L, p=0.086). In contrast to expectations, total serum Cu and Se concentrations displayed a positive linear correlation in the patient samples analysed (R=0.23, p=0.003). Serum CP and SELENOP levels were not interrelated. Applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, the combination of Cu and SELENOP with age outperformed other combinations of parameters for predicting risk of death, yielding an AUC of 95.0%. We conclude that the alterations in serum biomarkers of Cu and Se status in COVID-19 are not compatible with a simple acute phase response, and that serum Cu and SELENOP levels contribute to a good prediction of survival. Adjuvant supplementation in patients with diagnostically proven deficits in Cu or Se may positively influence disease course, as both increase in survivors and are of crucial importance for the immune response and antioxidative defence systems.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0602.v2

Symptoms and Underlying Diseases Associated with the Hospitalization Period of 3480 Covid-19 Patients in Hormozgan, Iran

Hesamuddin Kamalzadeh Takhti, Mahdieh Ardaneh, Shahram Zare, Maryam Rezaei Sarkhaei, Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; hospitalization period; respiratory disease; Hormozgan

Online: 10 May 2021 (12:34:09 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 has a relationship with patients’ demographic characteristics as well as their underlying diseases. This research has been conducted to evaluate factors' effect on Covid-19 patient's hospitalization rate and period in Hormozgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria of this retrospective study included all patients diagnosed as COVID-19 Patients after PCR who were referred to Covid-19 hospitals from February 2020 to June 2020 in Hormozgan province, Iran. After the completion of the consent form and observing ethical principles, 3480 patients' information was collected through the interview by Medical care monitoring center unit experts. The checklist was designed according to COVID-19 guidelines and approved by the World Health Organization and Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The studied variables included gender, age, patients’ residence place, smoking history and medications use history, pregnancy, referral type to hospital, contact history with COVID-19 patients, early symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, intubation, Po2 level, history of cancer, chronic liver diseases, diabetes, chronic blood diseases, HIV/AIDS, acquired or congenital immunodeficiency, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, dialysis status, asthma and other chronic lung diseases, and chronic neurological disorders. These data were analyzed using descriptive (average-standard deviation-percentage) and analytical (including Chi-square, t-test, and regression tests) statistics with SPSS Ver.23 software. Results: In this study, 3480 COVID-19 patients including 1852 male patients (53.20%) with a median age of 43.11±21.72 and 1628 female patients (46/80%) with a median age of 44.86±22.40. The median age of men was significantly lower than the women's median age (P= 0.02). The duration of hospitalization of male and female patients was reported 2.64±4.14 and 2.76±4.297, respectively which was not statistically significant. The death rate of patients in our study was 6.6%. Conclusion: The results of this study also showed that the hospitalization period of HIV-positive patients and patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases is much longer than other people, which imposes many human and financial costs on the country's health care system. Therefore, to maintain individual health and help improve the critical condition of the virus, it is better to develop and apply stricter protocols to prevent further outbreaks of the disease and check underlying diseases of people suspected to have Covid-19. These results can improve health care system planning and improving medical services presented to covid-19 patients.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0474.v1

Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 Confirmed Infection Across Three Waves. A Multilevel Approach in a Southern European Region

Isabel Aguilar-Palacio, Lina Maldonado, Sara Malo, Raquel Sánchez-Recio, Iván Marcos-Campos, Rosa Magallón-Botaya, MªJosé Rabanaque

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus infection; inequalities; socioeconomic factors.

Online: 20 May 2021 (10:21:34 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

Could Protein Malnutrition of Rapid Onset Explain the Atypical Symptoms of COVID-19 and Consequential Malfunctioning of the Body? A Hypothesis.

Maralyn Green

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: malnutrition; COVID-19; protein; immune system; SARS-CoV-2; cell proliferation; starvation

Online: 22 September 2020 (08:32:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0137.v1

Paradigm Shift: an Overview on Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics

Stefano Ciaurelli, Caterina Origlia, Ariela Adamo, Silvia Giannattasio, Michael González, Liborio Quinto, Pier Mario Biava

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Nutrigenomics; nutrigenentics; microbiota; nutraceutics; chrononutrition

Online: 6 July 2021 (11:36:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0647.v1

First Description of Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Two Wild American Minks (Neovison vison)

Jordi Aguiló-Gisbert, Miguel Padilla-Blanco, Victor Lizana, Elisa Maiques, Marta Muñoz Baquero, Eva Chillida-Martínez, Jesús Cardells, Consuelo Rubio-Guerri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: American Mink; COVID-19; Neovison vison; SARS-CoV-2; Spike; wildlife

Online: 25 March 2021 (16:39:13 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0274.v1

Admissions to Medical School During the COVID-19 Era Without the MCAT

Peter Corridon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: medical school; admissions; MCAT; COVID-19

Online: 11 February 2021 (10:21:35 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0704.v1

Telenursing as a New Nursing Paradigm in the 21 Century: A Literature Review

Al Afik, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Telenursing; Nursing; 21st century paradigm

Online: 29 March 2021 (15:41:11 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0559.v1

An Update for UK Podiatrists Performing Toenail Surgery on Patients Who Are Taking Antithrombotic Medications: It’s About Bleeding Time

Ian Reilly, Toby Blandford

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: nail surgery, antithrombotics, anticoagulation, antiplatelet, bleeding.

Online: 24 May 2021 (10:41:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0272.v1

Anosmia and Ageusia as Initial or Unique Symptoms after SARS-COV-2 Virus Infection

Calixto Machado, Joel Victor Gutierrez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2); COVID-19; coronavirus; pandemic; smell; anosmia; taste; ageusia

Online: 16 April 2020 (12:42:44 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper REVIEW

Immunogenicity of Clinically Relevant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Non-human Primates and Humans

P.J. Klasse, D. F. Nixon, J. P. Moore

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; S-protein; RBD; COVID-19; neutralizing antibodies; serology; T-cells; vaccines; animal models; Operation Warp Speed

Online: 7 September 2020 (12:29:06 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0609.v1

Evaluation of a Bioaerosol Sampler for Indoor Environmental Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Patrick F. Horve, Leslie Dietz, Dale Northcutt, Jason Stenson, Kevin G. Van Den Wymelenberg

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Aerosols; Environmental Surveillance; Air Sampling

Online: 24 March 2021 (17:29:23 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0445.v1

Effect of Garcinia Cambogia and Green Coffee Bean in Weight Reduction

Arshad Chohan, Tayyiba Wasim, Shahid Rao, Jahan Ara Hassan, Nasira Tasneem, Tasnim Z. Ali, Faizan Shaukat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Obesity; Garcinia cambogia; Green Coffee; Pakistan

Online: 21 October 2020 (16:52:38 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0102.v2

Potential of Plant Bioactive Compounds as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M^pro) and Spike (S) Glycoprotein Inhibitors: A Molecular Docking Study

Trina Ekawati Tallei, Sefren Geiner Tumilaar, Nurdjannah Jane Niode, Fatimawali Fatimawali, Billy Johnson Kepel, Rinaldi Idroes, Yunus Effendi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Medicinal plants; Mpro; 3CLpro; spike (S) glycoprotein; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 9 April 2020 (12:39:54 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background: Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers have been trying to investigate several active compounds found in plants that have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the cause of COVID-19. The search for plant-based antivirals against the SARS-CoV-2 is promising, as several plants have been shown to possess antiviral activities against betacoronaviruses (beta-CoVs) Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate bioactive compounds found in plants by using a molecular docking approach to inhibit Main Protease (M^pro) (PDB code: 6LU7) and Spike (S) Glycoprotein (PDB code: 6VXX) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Evaluation was performed on the docking scores calculated using AutoDock Vina as a docking engine. For each compound that was docked, a rule of five was calculated to determine whether a compound with certain pharmacological or biological activities might have chemical and physical properties that would make it an active drug orally in humans. Determination of the docking score was done by selecting the conformation of the ligand that has the lowest binding free energy (best pose). As a comparison, nelfinavir (an antiretroviral drug), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (anti-malarial drugs recommended by the FDA as emergency drugs) were used. Results: The results showed that hesperidine, cannabinoids, pectolinarin, epigallocatechin gallate, and rhoifolin had better poses than nelfinavir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate as spike glycoprotein inhibitors. Hesperidin, rhoifolin, pectolinarin, and cannabinoids had about the same pose as nelfinavir, but were better than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate as M^pro inhibitors. These plant compounds have the potential to be developed as specific therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Conclusion: Several natural compounds of plants evaluated in this study showed better binding free energy compared to nelfinavir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate which so far are recommended in the treatment of COVID-19.

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0353.v1

Italian Adults’ Likelihood of Getting COVID-19 Vaccine: A Second Online Survey

Luigi Roberto Biasio, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Chiara Lorini, Daniela Mazzini, Sergio Pecorelli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; online surveys; vaccines; vaccine literacy

Online: 17 February 2021 (09:36:15 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0102.v1

Potential of Plant Bioactive Compounds as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M^pro) and Spike (S) Glycoprotein Inhibitors: A Molecular Docking Study

Trina Ekawati Tallei, Sefren Geiner Tumilaar, Nurdjannah Jane Niode, Fatimawali Fatimawali, Billy Johnson Kepel, Rinaldi Idroes, Yunus Effendi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Medicinal plants; Mpro; 3CLpro; spike (S) glycoprotein; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 7 April 2020 (12:08:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background: Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers have been trying to investigate several active compounds found in plants that have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the cause of COVID-19. The search for plant-based antivirals against the SARS-CoV-2 is promising, as several plants have been shown to possess antiviral activities against betacoronaviruses (beta-CoVs) Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate bioactive compounds found in plants by using a molecular docking approach to inhibit Main Protease (M^pro) (PDB code: 6LU7) and Spike (S) Glycoprotein (PDB code: 6VXX) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Evaluation was performed on the docking scores calculated using AutoDock Vina as a docking engine. For each compound that was docked, a rule of five was calculated to determine whether a compound with certain pharmacological or biological activities might have chemical and physical properties that would make it an active drug orally in humans. Determination of the docking score was done by selecting the conformation of the ligand that has the lowest binding free energy (best pose). As a comparison, nelfinavir (an antiretroviral drug), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (anti-malarial drugs recommended by the FDA as emergency drugs) were used. Results: The results showed that hesperidine, cannabinoids, pectolinarin, epigallocatechin gallate, and rhoifolin had better poses than nelfinavir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate as spike glycoprotein inhibitors. Hesperidin, rhoifolin, pectolinarin, and cannabinoids had about the same pose as nelfinavir, but were better than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate as M^pro/3CL^pro inhibitors. These plant compounds have the potential to be developed as specific therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Conclusion: Several natural compounds of plants evaluated in this study showed better binding free energy compared to nelfinavir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate which so far are recommended in the treatment of COVID-19.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0502.v1

Conflict between Science and Superstition in Medical and Dental Practices

Donat Uwayezu, Eustache Ntigura, Agnes Gatarayiha, Sarah Erem, Anwarul Majumder, Mainul Haque, Mohammed S. Razzaque

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Superstition; Scientific knowledge; Conflict; Traditional healers

Online: 25 January 2021 (14:11:54 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0481.v1

Methylphenidate and Alprazolam Co-Abuse: Drug-DNA Interactions

Shweta Sharma, Meenu Dutt, Neha Sharma, Ravinder Naik Dharavath, Tanzeer Kaur

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Drug-DNA interaction; FTIR; Polydrug-abuse; UV-visible spectrophotometer

Online: 23 October 2020 (10:36:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0204.v4

Forgotten “Primum Non Nocere” and Increased Mortality after Covid-19 Vaccination

Srecko Šorli, Tomaz Makovec, Zivan Krevel, Rado Gorjup

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Covid-19 vaccination; death rate; sick status days

Online: 15 February 2023 (03:34:32 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper HYPOTHESIS

Autoimmune Thrombotic Thrombocytopathy Associated with COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: Learning from Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia

Michel Goldman, Cédric Hermans

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: vaccine; adenovirus; COVID-19; spike; endothelial; vector; coagulation; clot; thrombopenia; platelet

Online: 15 April 2021 (14:05:48 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0052.v1

The Initiation of Th2 Immunity towards Food Allergens

Yosef Ellenbogen, Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz, Paul Spill, Derek K. Chu, Susan Waserman, Manel Jordana

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Th2 immunity; food allergy; allergic sensitization; allergens; alarmins; initiation of allergy; IgE; allergic disease

Online: 4 April 2018 (07:35:35 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0230.v1

Interprofessional Collaboration Improves Patient Safety: A Review

Muh Abdurrouf, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: interprofessional collaboration; nurse; patient safety

Online: 8 April 2021 (10:29:07 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0389.v1

Temperature Dependent Viral Tropism: An Explanation of the Seasonality and Pathogenicity of the Endemic Respiratory Viruses

Patrick D. Shaw Stewart

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: respiratory illness; pathogenicity; virulence; natural selection; colds; influenza; rhinovirus; weather; climate; Tropics; summer; winter

Online: 19 January 2021 (16:42:56 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0452.v1

Nursing Faculty Shortage in Canada: A Review of Contributing Factors

Sheila A. Boamah, Miranda Callen, Edward Cruz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: nursing faculty shortage; nurse faculty; educator; nursing academic workforce; scoping review; Canada

Online: 22 January 2021 (14:18:36 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0026.v1

Influence of Gender on CMV Seropositivity in Non-A To G Hepatitis Virus Patients

Rand Farag, Dujana Alayobi, Hye-Joo Kwon, Afaf Elansary

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: cytomegalovirus; alanine transaminase; aspartate transaminase alkaline phosphatase; γ-glutamyltranspeptidase; liver function

Online: 5 December 2016 (11:08:57 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major pathogen that cause remarkable rate of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. It is important to find risk factors associated with CMV viremia. We studied the differences in CMV seropositivity in relation to liver function biomarkers in male and female Saudi population in an attempt to understand the variation in the CMV seroprevalence with sex and find the risk factor to develop liver dysfunction or hepatocellular carcinoma. Material and subjects: The CMV- IgG and IgM were screened in serum samples of 150 non- A-G hepatities patients with elevation of liver profiles (ALT, AST, ALP and GGT) and categorized as males and females. Samples were collected from different general hospitals and polyclinic in KSA from March 2014 to June 2015. A correlation between CMV seropositivity measured with both antibodies and liver enzymes were tested. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and multiple regressions were done for the obtained data. Results: Our study shows that females had much higher IgG and IgM compared to age-matching males. A significant correlation between both antibodies and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) was recorded. Less significant correlation of both IgG and IgM with GGT was also observed. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that both IgG and IgM can be used as excellent predictive markers for CMV infection as both recorded 100% specificity and sensitivity together with area under the curve of 1 in males and females. Multiple regression analysis ascertain the correlation between both antibodies as dependent variables and liver enzymes as independent variables with ALT being the most affected enzyme with CMV seropositivity especially in females. Conclusion:he data discussed above This study shows that CMV is capable of initiating and accelerating liver dysfunction in both sexes. The high seroprevalence in females at reproductive age is especially important as they can transmit the virus to their developing fetus. Prevention of CMV infection in young girls 11-14 years old, through counseling on hygiene or possible future vaccination, may lead to a decrease of congenital CMV infections with the concomitant risk of developing liver dysfunction or hepatocellular carcinoma. Keywords: Cytomegalovirus, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase Alkaline phosphatase, γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase, liver function.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1523.v1

IgG Antibody Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Their Effective Potential for Disease Diagnosis and Pathological Antigenic Mimicry

André Fonseca, Mateusz Szysz, Hoang Thien Ly, Clara Cordeiro, Nuno Sepúlveda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Biomarker discovery; disease pathogenesis; autoimmunity; antigenic mimicry; machine learning

Online: 23 November 2023 (11:10:59 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0333.v1

2-Deoxy-d-glucose Inhibits Replication of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with Adverse Effects on Host Cell Metabolism

Vikas Malgotra, Varun Sharma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: 2-Deoxyglucose; Hyperglycemia; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; PI3K/Akt

Online: 14 June 2021 (08:44:50 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0234.v1

Effect of Melatonin Plus Zinc Supplementation on Fatigue Perception in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Jesus Castro-Marrero, Maria-Cleofé Zaragozá, Irene López-Vílchez, José Luis Galmés, Joan Carles Domingo, Sara Maurel, José Alegre-Martin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: chronic fatigue syndrome; fatigue; myalgic encephalomyelitis; melatonin; quality of life; sleep quality; zinc

Online: 8 March 2021 (16:00:25 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0468.v1

A Review of COVID-19 Vaccines: What Needs to Be Known and Its Expected Effect on the Human Population?

Syahrul Tuba, Widyati Widyati, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Vaccine Development; Clinical Trial; COVID-19; SARS-COV-2

Online: 19 April 2021 (12:04:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0221.v1

3D Printing Part 1 - A History and Literature Review Of 3D Printing in Dentistry

Adam Brian Nulty

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: 3D printing; intraoral scanners; digital dentistry; trueness; precision; accuracy; history

Online: 10 May 2021 (15:57:02 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0166.v1

The Relationship between Pica and Iron Deficiency Anemia among Pregnant Women in East Jeddah Hospital

Raya Zaki, Howieda Fouly, Hanan Elkafafi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Pica; iron deficiency anemia; Relationship; pregnant women

Online: 7 July 2021 (07:54:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0094.v1

A “Clinician’s Probability Calculator” to convert pre-test to post-test probability of COVID-19 , based on method validation from each laboratory

Zoe Brooks, Saswati Das, Tom Pliura

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-COV-2; False-Positive; False-Negative; Likelihood Ratio; Probability; Calculator; Interpretation

Online: 4 December 2020 (09:03:51 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

During coronavirus pandemic testing and identifying the virus has been a unique and constant challenge for the scientific community. In this paper, we discuss a practical solution to help guide clinicians and public health staff with the interpretation of the probability that a positive, or negative, COVID-19 test result indicates an infected person, based on their clinical estimate of pre-test probability of infection. The LinkedIn survey confirmed that the pre-test probability of COVID-19 increases with patient age, known contact, and severity of symptoms, as well as prevalence of disease in the local population. PPA (Positive Percent Agreement, PPA) and NPA (Negative Percent Agreement, specificity), differ between individual methods. Results vary between laboratories and the manufacturer for the same method. The confidence intervals of results vary with the number of samples tested, often adding a large range of possibilities to the reported test result. The online calculator met the objective.The authors postulated that the clinical pre-test probability of COVID-19 increases relative to local prevalence of disease plus patient age, known contact, and severity of symptoms. We conducted a small survey on LinkedIn to confirm that hypothesis. We examined results of PPA (Positive Percent Agreement, sensitivity) and NPA (Negative Percent Agreement, specificity) from 73 individual laboratory experiments for molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2as reported to the FIND database,(1) and for selected methods in FDA EUA submissions (2,3). We calculated likelihood ratios to convert pre-test to post-test probability of disease, then further calculated the number of true and false results expected in every ten positive or negative test results, plus an estimate that one in ‘x’ test results is true. We designed an online calculator to create graphics and text to fulfill the objective. A positive or negative test result from one laboratory conveys a higher probability for the presence or absence of COVID-19 than the same result from another laboratory, depending on clinical pre-test probability of disease plus proven method PPA and NPA in each laboratory. Likelihood ratios and confidence intervals provide valuable information but are seldom used in clinical settings. We recommend that testing laboratories verify PPA and NPA, and utilize a tool such as the “Clinician’s Probability Calculator” to verify acceptable test performance and create reports to help guide clinicians and public health staff with estimation of post-test probability of COVID-19 .

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0138.v1

Improving Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy With 904 or 905 NM Pulsed, High Power Laser Pretreatment

Christoph Schmitz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: extracorporeal shock wave therapy; ESWT, laser therapy; musculoskeletal system, rehabilitation

Online: 8 January 2021 (10:39:40 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0062.v1

Recent Advances in Trop 2 Targeted Therapy for Solid Tumors

Shutan Liao, Bing Wang, Rong Zeng, Haifeng Bao, Xiaomin Chen, Rakesh Dixit, Xiaoyan Xing

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Trop 2; targeted therapy; antibody-drug conjugate; solid tumors

Online: 2 December 2020 (12:35:36 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper ARTICLE

Analysis of Two Choir Outbreaks in Germany in 2020 Characterizes Long- range Transmission Risks Through SARS-CoV-2

Felix Reichert, Oliver Stier, Anne Hartmann, Claudia Ruscher, Annika Brinkmann, Marica Grossegesse, Markus Neumann, Dirk Werber, Marius Hausner, Mareike Kunze, Bettina Weiß, Janine Michel, Andreas Nitsche, Martin Kriegel, Victor M. Corman, Terry C. Jones, Christian Drosten, Tobias Brommann, Udo Buchholz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Singing; Disease Outbreaks; Aerosols; Dose-Response Model

Online: 21 June 2021 (14:49:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0425.v1

Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Cause of Gout

Burton Abrams, Peter Delannoy, Richard Johnson

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: sleep apnea; hypoxia; gout; hyperuricemia; urate; metabolic comorbidities

Online: 24 February 2023 (09:31:14 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0023.v1

Gluten Sensitivity Biomarkers in Menière's Disease: Is It a Gluten Related Disorder?

Federica Di Berardino, Diego Zanetti, Marina Socci, Luca Elli

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: gluten; celiac disease; antibodies; Ménière’s disease; vertigo

Online: 2 May 2017 (05:49:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0061.v1

Global Surgery, Obstetric, and Anesthesia Indicator Definitions and Reporting: An Utstein Consensus Report

Justine Ina Davies, Adrian W. Gelb, Julian Gore-Booth, Janet Martin, Jannicke Mellin-Olsen, Christina Åkerman, Emmanuel A. Ameh, Bruce M. Biccard, Geir Sverre Braut, Kathryn Chu, Miliard Derbew, Hege Langli Ersdal, Jose Miguel Guzman, Lars Hagander, Carolina Haylock-Loor, Hampus Holmer, Walter Johnson, Sabrina Juran, Nicolas J. Kassebaum, Tore Laerdal, Andrew J.M. Leather, Michael S. Lipnick, David Ljungman, Emmanuel Malabo Mwenda Makasa, John G. Meara, Mark W. Newton, Doris Østergaard, Teri Reynolds, Lauri J. Romanzi, Vatshalan Santhirapala, Mark G. Shrime, Kjetil Søreide, Margit Steinholt, Emi Suzuki, John E. Varallo, Gerard H.A. Visser, David Watters, Thomas G. Weiser

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: data; indicator; Utstein; consensus; report; health; meeting; anaesthesia; international

Online: 2 April 2021 (12:03:58 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0192.v1

Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy to Support Breathing in Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Case Report

Peter Stiller, Christoph Schmitz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; shortness of breath; chest pain; radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy; rESWT

Online: 5 March 2021 (17:02:02 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper CONCEPT PAPER

EUROPEAN ME NETWORK (EUROMENE) Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Service Provision and Care of People with ME/CFS in Europe

Luis Nacul, Jerome Authier, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Lorenzo Lorusso, Ingrid Helland, Jose Alegre Martin, Carmen Adella Sirbu, Anne Marit Mengshoel, Olli Polo, Uta Behrends, Henrik Nielsen, Patricia Grabowski, Slobodan Sekulic, Nuno Sepulveda., Fernando Esteves Lopez, Pawel Zalewsk, Derek Pheby, Jesus Castro-Marrero, Giorgos Sakkas, Jonas Bergquist, Enrica Capelli, Ivan Brandslund, John Cullinan, Angelika Krumina, Modra Murovska, Ruud Vermuelen, Eliana Lacerda

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; diagnosis; Health services; clinical care

Online: 28 September 2020 (14:14:02 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.2007.v1

Immunological Patient Stratification in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Johanna Rohrhofer, Lisa Hauser, Lisa Lettenmaier, Lena Lutz, Larissa Koidl, Salvatore Alessio Gentile, Davide Ret, Michael Stingl, Eva Untersmayr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: myalgic encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, immunology, immunodeficiencies, mucosal barrier function, patient stratification, post-viral fatigue, intestinal barrier leakage, debilitating disease

Online: 30 November 2023 (16:56:26 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0552.v1

Role of Information Technology in COVID19 Vaccination Drive: An Analysis of the COVID-19 Global Beliefs, Behaviors, and Norms Survey

Debjyoti Talukdar, Kire Stojkovski, Daniel Suarez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID19; vaccine; SARS nCoV-2; information technology; COVID19 vaccine survey; MIT vaccine survey

Online: 20 April 2021 (14:35:05 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0593.v1

Hospital Admissions From Care Homes in England During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Linked Administrative Data

Fiona Grimm, Karen Hodgson, Richard Brine, Sarah R Deeny

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Hospital admissions; care homes; COVID-19; linked data; administrative data

Online: 25 February 2021 (17:16:08 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0040.v1

Nursing Treatments and Collaboration of Postpartum Hemorrhage Patients as Efforts to Prevention of Maternal Mortality: A Literature Review

diyan indriyani, Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Nursing Treatments; Nursing Collaboration; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Maternal Mortality

Online: 2 April 2021 (14:36:31 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Supplementary Files| Share

Postpartum hemorrhage is a complication during the puerperium that requires serious management, because it risks on threatening the mother's death. Currently, postpartum hemorrhage is still the main cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the world. There is a need for a fast, precise and comprehensive handling effort involving all elements, such as the entire health team including doctors-nurses and families. The form of nursing intervention in postpartum hemorrhage patients can be in the form of nursing treatment or collaboration. The purpose of this review literature is to identify nursing treatment and nursing collaboration in postpartum hemorrhage patients as an effort to prevent maternal death. The writing method uses literature reviews by summarizing 10 articles publicated in 2019, 2020 and 2021 in 4 search data bases including Sciencedirect, Scopus, Proquest and Thompson. The review guidelines used are based on Prisma and the Joanna Briggs Institutute. The level of eligibility is identified through the title, abstract, research methodology and full text. The results of the reviews found are presented in a narrative form. The results of the review study found that there were 10 articles on postpartum hemorrhage management measures both in the effort of snoring treatment and collaboration including: optimizing the competence of service providers based on E_Learning , foot reflexology since the 4th stage of labor, 800 mcg sublingual Misoprostol, the use of the Digital Postpartum Hemorrhage Management Device ( DPHMD), bilateral-contralateral cervical clamps, suction tube uterine tampons, bilateral hypogastric artery (BHAL), evaluation of Shock Index, Carbetocin drugs and administration of Tranexamic acid 1 gram IV within 10 minutes of vaginal delivery. The conclusion of this review literature is that nursing treatment and nursing collaboration are proven to have a positive impact as an effort to prevent death in postpartum hemorrhage patients.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0555.v2

An Update on the Chemistry, Pharmacology and Dose Calculations of Mepivacaine Hydrochloride for Podiatrists in the United Kingdom

Ian Reilly, Nicola Burt, Rebecca Reilly, Ajay Swami

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Mepivacaine; Scandonest; local anaesthesia; pharmacology; maximum safe dose; podiatry

Online: 19 January 2021 (10:39:01 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0147.v4

The clinically validated viral superinfection therapy (SIT) platform technology could cure early cases of COVID-19 disease

Imre Kovesdi, Volker Sandig, Shimon Slavin, Wolfgang Renz, Marc Van Ranst, Peter M. Chumakov, Tibor Bakács

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; interferon; IFN; superinfection therapy; SIT; infectious bursal disease virus; IBDV; R903/78; safety; treatment

Online: 1 February 2021 (16:07:55 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0333.v2

2-Deoxy-d-glucose Inhibits Replication of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with Adverse Effects on Host Cell Metabolism

Vikas Malgotra, Varun Sharma

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: 2-Deoxyglucose; Adverse effects; COVID-19; Glutamine; PI3K/Akt

Online: 1 July 2021 (13:04:43 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0569.v1

Can Ventilatory Strategies in COVID-19 Have an Impact on Outcomes?

Peter Sherren, Luigi Camporota, Barnaby Sanderson, Andrew Jones, Manu Shankar-Hari, Chris Meadows, Nicholas Barrett, Marlies Ostermann, Nicholas Hart

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; respiratory failure; ARDS; ventilation; ECMO

Online: 24 July 2020 (04:44:14 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0022.v1

Immunomodulation as a Potent COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy: Past, Present and Future

Decsa Medika Hertanto, Henry Sutanto, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; immunomodulation; immunology; immune system; pharmacotherapy; coronavirus; drug repurposing

Online: 1 April 2021 (13:34:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0573.v1

Systematic Organization of COVID-19 Data Supported by the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework

Penny Nymark, Magdalini Sachana, Sofia Batista-Leite, Jukka Sund, Catharine E Krebs, Kristie Sullivan, Stephen Edwards, Laura Viviani, Kate Willett, Brigitte Landesmann, Clemens Wittwehr

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Adverse Outcome Pathways; COVID-19; mechanisms; systematic organization; interdisciplinary

Online: 27 January 2021 (17:01:44 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Working Paper BRIEF REPORT

Preliminary Evaluation of Cannabidiol Use in an Asian Elephant: Brief Report

Flor Ortiz, Mish Castillo, Quetzalli Hernández, Carlos Flores

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Asian elephant; Elephas maximus; cannabidiol; cannabis; CBD; endocannabinoid system

Online: 16 June 2021 (11:59:03 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0131.v1

Inhibiting IL-6 During Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Potential Role of Natural Products

Amirreza Nasirzadeh, Mohammad hosein Jafarzadeh Maivan, Javad Bazeli, Jafar Hajavi, Negar Yavarmanesh, Mohammad Zahedi, Mahdi Abounoori, Alireza Razavi, Mohammad Moein Maddah, Parham Mortazavi, Mohammad Moradi, Siamak Heidarzadeh, Jalal Mardaneh, Afshin Shoeibi, Roohallah Alizadehsani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; Cytokine storm; IL-6; Natural product

Online: 4 June 2021 (10:05:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0102.v3

Potential of Plant Bioactive Compounds as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M^pro) and Spike (S) Glycoprotein Inhibitors: A Molecular Docking Study

Trina Ekawati Tallei, Sefren Geiner Tumilaar, Nurdjannah Jane Niode, Fatimawali Fatimawali, Billy Johnson Kepel, Rinaldi Idroes, Yunus Effendi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Medicinal plants; Mpro; 3CLpro; spike (S) glycoprotein; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Online: 1 July 2020 (08:37:49 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19) pandemic, researchers have been trying to investigate several active compounds found in plants that have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The present study aimed to evaluate bioactive compounds found in plants by using a molecular docking approach to inhibit the Main Protease (M^pro) and Spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. The evaluation was performed on the docking scores calculated using AutoDock Vina as a docking engine. A rule of five (RO5) was calculated to determine whether a compound meets the criteria as an active drug orally in humans. The determination of the docking score was done by selecting the best conformation of the protein-ligand complex that had the highest affinity (most negative Gibbs' free energy of binding / ΔG). As a comparison, nelfinavir (an antiretroviral drug), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (anti-malarial drugs recommended by the FDA as emergency drugs) were used. The results showed that hesperidin, nabiximols, pectolinarin, epigallocatechin gallate, and rhoifolin had better poses than nelfinavir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine sulfate as spike glycoprotein inhibitors. Hesperidin, rhoifolin, pectolinarin, and nabiximols had about the same pose as nelfinavir, but were better than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine sulfate as M^pro inhibitors. These plant compounds have the potential to be developed as specific therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Several natural compounds of plants evaluated in this study showed better binding free energy compared to nelfinavir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine sulfate which so far are recommended in the treatment of COVID-19. As judged by the RO5 and previous study by others, the compounds kaempferol, herbacetin, eugenol, and 6-shogaol have good oral bioavailability, so they are also seen as promising candidates for the development lead compounds to treat infections caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0366.v1

High Volume Injection (Hydrodissection) for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Using Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: Treatment Protocol

Ian Reilly, Akram Uddin

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: tarsal tunnel syndrome; compression neuropathy; high volume injection; hydrodissection; hydrodilatation; nerve stimulator

Online: 19 January 2021 (09:00:21 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0572.v1

From Conventional to Virtual Smile Design Systems: A Current Systematic Review

Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Tharwat, Abdelrahman Sanad, Karim Abdelhamid, Hager Ali, Raafat Tammam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Digital Smile Design; digital dentistry; dentistry software; dentistry design software

Online: 21 April 2021 (11:46:39 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0463.v1

Burnout Prevalence and Its Associating Factors among Malaysian Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Embedded Mixed-Method Study

Nurhanis Syazni Roslan, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Asrenee Ab Razak, Karen Morgan

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: psychological wellbeing; burnout; health personnel; caregiver; pandemic

Online: 18 December 2020 (11:58:12 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0580.v1

Measuring and Monitoring Skeletal Muscle Mass and Dysfunction After Stroke

Nobuto Nakanishi, Kazuki Okura, Masatsugu Okamura, Keishi Nawata, Ayato Shinohara, Kohei Tanaka, Sho Katayama

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: stroke; sarcopenia; computed tomography; ultrasound; bioelectrical impedance analysis; muscle; temporal muscle; rectus femoris muscle; diaphragm; calf circumference

Online: 28 January 2021 (12:31:09 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0580.v1

A Face Serum Containing Bakuchiol, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38, Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid and a Polyherbal and Vitamin Blend Improves Skin Quality in Human Volunteers and Protects Skin Structure In vitro

Brett J West, Ifedayo Alabi, Shixin Deng

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: face serum; bakuchiol; palmitoyl tripeptide-38; hyaluronic acid; repeat insult patch test; tyrosinase; collagenase; antioxidant; clinical trial

Online: 23 June 2021 (12:18:40 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0602.v1

Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2: Transcription Regulatory Sequence and Leader Sequence in 5’ Untranslated Region have Unique Evolutionary Patterns and are Vital for Virus Replication in Infected Human Cells

Manijeh Mohammadi‐Dehcheshmeh, Sadrollah Molaei Moghbeli, Samira Rahimirad, Ibrahim Alanazi, Zafer Saad Al Shehri, Esmaeil Ebrahimie

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: COVID-19; Genomes; microRNA; SARS-CoV-2; Variant discovery

Online: 25 September 2020 (10:14:46 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Background SARS-CoV-2 has generated a life-treating pandemic and is the main challenge of this century. Some untranslated regions (UTRs) in SARS-CoV-2 genome, specifically leader sequence and transcription regulatory sequence (TRS) in 5’UTR, can be considered as Achilles' heel of virus. Leader sequence are found at the 5' ends of all encoded transcripts that highlights its importance. TRS can explain the host range and pathogenicity of coronavirus. However, our knowledge on the evolution and the role of UTRs in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity is very limited. This study is a pioneering attempt to unravel the evolution of key regions in 5' UTR of SARS-CoV-2 and discover the inhibitory microRNAs against 5' UTR of virus. Methods Evolution of TRS and leader sequence was compared between human pathogenic (SARS-CoV-2, SARS, and MERS) and non-pathogenic (bovine) coronaviruses. Profiling of microRNAs that can inactive the key UTR regions of coronaviruses, UTR-inhibitory microRNAs, was carried out. Findings We found a distinguished pattern of evolution in leader sequence and TRS of SARS-CoV-2, compared to the other coronaviruses. Mining all available microRNA families against leader sequences of coronaviruses resulted in discovery of 39 microRNAs with an acceptable thermodynamic binding energy against SARS-COV-2, SARS, MERS, Bat Coronavirus, or Bovine Coronavirus. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a distinguished pattern of binding of leader sequence of SARS-CoV-2 against microRNAs, with a lower binding stability. hsa-MIR-5004-3p was the only human microRNA that can target leader sequence of SARS and SARS-CoV-2. However, its binding stability remarkably decreased in SARS-COV-2 (-19.4 kcal/mol), compared to SARS-COV-2 (-25.9 kcal/mol). We found an insertion-type mutation in leader sequence of SARS-COV-2 that results in lower binding stability and escaping of viral leader sequence from hsa-MIR-5004-3p. Altogether, we suggest lack of innate human inhibitory microRNAs to bind to leader sequence and TRS of SARS-CoV-2 contributes to its high replication in infected human cells. On the other hand, mining of two hundred million deposited human genomic variants led us to discovery of 49 missense and splice-disrupt mutations in genomic structure of hsa-MIR-5004-3p. These mutations can negatively affect hsa-MIR-5004-3p function in preventing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Interpretation This study unravels the evolution of key regions in 5’UTR of SARS-CoV-2. Inducing microRNAs to bind to the leader sequence and TRS regions by drugs or food supplements can reduce virus replication. Enhancing the microRNA defence machinery against TRS and leader of virus has a potential to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection at the first place. The mentioned strategy is rapidly achievable against COVID-19. Missense variation in genomic sequence of 5’UTR inhibitory microRNAs, such as hsa-MIR-5004-3p, can be considered as risk factor of COVID-19.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0156.v1

Ranolazine alone or as a complement to the amiodarone for both prevention and cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of the literature

Renato De Vecchis, Carmelina Ariano

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: ranolazine; atrial fibrillation; prevention; pharmacological cardioversion; meta-analysis

Online: 25 April 2017 (07:48:26 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Introduction Recent evidence from relatively small randomized controlled trials would seem to support a useful role of ranolazine for the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study is aimed at providing information about the possible beneficial anti-arrhythmic properties of ranolazine. In particular, the meta-analysis carried out in this study focuses on the application of ranolazine to prophylaxis and treatment of atrial fibrillation.Methods Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non randomized observational studies concerning the effects of ranolazine on AF were included in the meta-analysis. In each of the considered studies, a comparison was made between a group of patients taking ranolazine and a second group treated instead with another antiarrhythmic therapy , or assigned to placebo. Efficacy outcomes were the risk of new- onset AF, the probability of conversion to sinus rhythm of patients with recent occurrence(≤ 48 h)of AF and the time to conversion to sinus rhythm. Safety endpoints were death, adverse events, QTc prolongation and hypotension.Results Ten studies ( 8 RCTs and 2 nonrandomized observational studies) were gathered on the whole. Ranolazine was effective in preventing the occurrence of AF when compared to controls (RR= 0.60; 95% CI: 0.43–0.83; p = 0.002). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced preventive effect of ranolazine against AF in the postoperative setting of coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) surgery (RR= 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.83; p=0.02) when compared to non- postoperative AF (RR= 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63-0.92; p=0.04). Ranolazine enhanced the chances of successful cardioversion when added to intravenous amiodarone compared to amiodarone alone (RR 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05–1.33; p = 0.004) and significantly decreased the time to cardioversion(SMD= −10.35 h; 95% CI: −18.13 hours to − 2.57 hours; p < 0.001). Overall risks of death, adverse events, and QTc prolongation were shown to be similar in the comparison between patients treated with ranolazine and controls. Conclusions Ranolazine given orally at appropriate doses showed the property to significantly quicken the conversion of AF to sinus rhythm when combined with the iv amiodarone, compared to iv amiodarone alone . Furthermore, in patients in sinus rhythm, ranolazine proved to reduce the frequency of new onset AF as well as of its recurrences, especially in patients undergone CABG surgery, known to be at high risk of developing postoperative AF. In addition, ranolazine use seems to be safe and associated with relatively few adverse events.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0559.v1

Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Health Care Professionals on Duty in COVID-19 Wards

Maham Noor Afroz, Syeda Maria Hassan, Kanwal Bansari, Humza Faisal Siddiqui, Sana Irfan, Basma Ali, Hamza Sohail, Zoha Batool, Muhammad Khizar Memon, Sidra Memon, Faizan Shaukat

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: Stress; Anxiety; Depression; HCPs; COVID-19

Online: 27 October 2020 (15:27:36 CET)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0039.v1

Diet, Gut Microbiome and Epigenetics: Emerging Links with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Prospects for Management and Prevention

Krasimira Aleksandrova, Beatriz Romero, Vicent Hernandez

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: diet, gut microbiota, epigenetics, inflammatory bowel diseases

Online: 15 July 2017 (00:46:37 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent a growing public health concern due to increasing incidence worldwide. The current notion on the pathogenesis of IBD is that genetically susceptible individuals develop intolerance to dysregulated gut microflora (dysbiosis) and chronic inflammation develops as a result of environmental triggers. Among the environmental factors associated to IBD, diet plays an important role in modulating the gut microbiome, influencing epigenetic changes and, therefore, could be applied as a therapeutic tool to improve the disease course. Nevertheless, the current dietary recommendations for disease prevention and management are scarce and of weak evidence. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the complex interactions among diet, microbiome and epigenetics in IBD. Whereas over-abundance of calories and some macronutrients increases gut inflammation, several micronutrients have the potential to modulate it. Immunonutrition has emerged as a new concept putting forward the importance of vitamins such as vitamins A, C, E, D, folic acid and beta-carotene and trace elements such as zinc, selenium, manganese and iron. However, when assessed in clinical trials, specific micronutrients exerted a limited benefit. Beyond nutrients, anti-inflammatory dietary patterns as a complex intervention approach have become popular over the recent years. Hence, exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn’s disease is the only nutritional intervention currently recommended as a first-line therapy. Other nutritional interventions or specific diets including the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol diet and most recently the Mediterranean diet have shown strong anti-inflammatory properties and provide a promise for improving disease symptoms. Definitely, more work is required to evaluate the role of individual food compounds and complex nutritional interventions with potential to decrease inflammation as means for prevention and management of IBD.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0229.v1

Isocratic Reverse-Phase HPLC Method for Determination of Aspirin, Paracetamol, and Naproxen

Md. Mynul Hassan, Sung-Wook Nam

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Immunology And Allergy Keywords: HPLC; NSAIDs; Isocratic; Short column; Drug mixture

Online: 9 July 2021 (15:23:57 CEST)

Show abstract| Download PDF| Share

Medicine and Pharmacology