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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0379.v1

Population Growth and Environmental Changes: Conclusions Drawn from the Contradictory Experiences of Developing Countries

Barana Badesso, Senbetie Lachore, Aklilu Madalcho

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Climate change, Developing countries, Environmental change, Forest, Population growth

Online: 21 August 2018 (14:00:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0150.v1

Probability Distribution of Philippine Daily Rainfall Data

Vanessa Althea B. Bermudez, Ariel Bettina B. Abilgos, Diane Carmeliza N. Cuaresma, Jomar F. Rabajante

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Philippines; rainfall; precipitation; Gamma distribution; probability; weather risk

Online: 21 December 2017 (04:43:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0393.v1

Sentinel-1 SLC Preprocessing Workflow for Polarimetric Applications: A Generic Practice for Generating Dual-pol Covariance Matrix Elements in SNAP S-1 Toolbox

Dipankar Mandal, Divya Sekhar Vaka, Narayana Rao Bhogapurapu, V. S. K. Vanama, Vineet Kumar, Yalamanchili S. Rao, Avik Bhattacharya

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Sentinel-1; PolSAR; synthetic aperture radar; earth observation; SNAP

Online: 30 November 2019 (11:39:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0069.v1

Environmental Impacts of Mining of Mineral Resources

Vladimír Lapčík, Andrea Kaločajová, Petr Novák

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: mining; non-energy mineral resources; environmental impact assessment

Online: 13 January 2017 (10:56:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0236.v1

Noise Pollution and Control in Wood Mechanical Processing Wood Industries

Mayowa Jacob Owoyemi, Babajide Falemara, Ayomide Joseph Owoyemi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: noise pollution; mechanical wood industries; equipment; control

Online: 31 August 2016 (09:03:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0012.v2

Assessment of Impediments and Factors Affecting Waste Management: A Case of Accra Metropolis

Clifford James Fagariba, Shaoxian Song

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Waste Management And Disposal Keywords: constraints; factors; household; solid waste management

Online: 9 September 2016 (07:42:15 CEST)

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Solid waste management in Accra is a major challenge to the Metropolitan Authorities and inhabitants. The rapidly increasing population coupled with poor capacity of the municipal and private waste management companies to management waste effectively has created issues of environmental concern. Due to poor waste managements systems, most household dispose waste indiscriminately leading to floods and health issues. The study showed that about 60% of household waste is organic materials which has the potential to be converted to compost for agriculture purpose. Meanwhile plastics and rubbers which litters the environment as well as blocking major storm drains and gutters hence creating huge environmental hazard is made of 11% of the total component of most household waste generated daily. The study also revealed that among the methods of disposing waste, dumping waste in skip containers located at authorized places was the preferred means of disposing waste by household though others also dispose waste by other means such as burying and burning. Inadequate skip containers per population of household in an area coupled with irregularity of tracks picking these containers makes skip containers dumping site ugly scene, hence creating health issues. Among the constraints that impact negatively on sustainable waste management in Accra Metropolis, economic constraints was perceived as the main challenge which affect efficient waste management. Currently the country is going through serious economic challenges so government does not release money timely to fund projects which waste management is key. Most donor partners that use to support the government with funds have either reduced or redrawn their services as they have no confidence in the state of Ghana economy. Aside the constrains, the study also indicated that factors such as poor public attitude towards waste management, poor enforcement of sanitation by-laws, inadequate and untimely release of government funds were also seen as the main factors affecting waste management.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0014.v1

Temperature and Precipitation Trend Analysis over the Last 30 Years in Southern Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia

Birhanu Hayelom, Yingjun Chen, Zinabu Marsie, Miseker Negash

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: temperature; precipitation; ethiopia; mann kendall; climate variability

Online: 5 February 2017 (08:56:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0244.v1

Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data Fusion for Mapping and Monitoring Wetlands

Gordana Kaplan, Ugur Avdan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Image Fusion, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Wetlands, Object-Based Classification, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Online: 13 July 2018 (17:11:07 CEST)

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Wetlands benefits can be summarized but are not limited to their ability to store floodwaters and improve water quality, providing habitats for wildlife and supporting biodiversity, as well as aesthetic values. Over the past few decades, remote sensing and geographical information technologies has proven to be a useful and frequent applications in monitoring and mapping wetlands. Combining both optical and microwave satellite data can give significant information about the biophysical characteristics of wetlands and wetlands` vegetation. Also, fusing data from different sensors, such as radar and optical remote sensing data, can increase the wetland classification accuracy. In this paper we investigate the ability of fusion two fine spatial resolution satellite data, Sentinel-2 and the Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite, Sentinel-1, for mapping wetlands. As a study area in this paper, Balikdami wetland located in the Anatolian part of Turkey has been selected. Both Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images require pre-processing before their use. After the pre-processing, several vegetation indices calculated from the Sentinel-2 bands were included in the data set. Furthermore, an object-based classification was performed. For the accuracy assessment of the obtained results, number of random points were added over the study area. In addition, the results were compared with data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle collected on the same data of the overpass of the Sentinel-2, and three days before the overpass of Sentinel-1 satellite. The accuracy assessment showed that the results significant and satisfying in the wetland classification using both multispectral and microwave data. The statistical results of the fusion of the optical and radar data showed high wetland mapping accuracy, with an overall classification accuracy of approximately 90% in the object-based classification. Compared with the high resolution UAV data, the classification results give promising results for mapping and monitoring not just wetlands, but also the sub-classes of the study area. For future research, multi-temporal image use and terrain data collection are recommended.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0078.v1

Copernicus Sentinel-2 Calibration and Products Validation Status

Ferran Gascon, Olivier Thépaut, Mathieu Jung, Benjamin Francesconi, Jérôme Louis, Vincent Lonjou, Bruno Lafrance, Stéphane Massera, Angélique Gaudel-Vacaresse, Florie Languille, Bahjat Alhammoud, Françoise Viallefont, Jakub Bieniarz, Bringfried Pflug, Sébastien Clerc, Laëtitia Pessiot, Thierry Trémas, Enrico Cadau, Roberto De Bonis, Claudia Isola, Philippe Martimort, Valérie Fernandez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: calibration; validation; optical; instrument; processing; imagery; spatial; operational

Online: 19 October 2016 (10:59:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0136.v1

Application of HEC-HMS Model to Assess Streamflow and Water Resources Availability in Stung Sangker Catchment of Mekong’ Tonle Sap Lake Basin in Cambodia

Kimhuy Sok, Chantha Oeurng

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: HEC-HMS model; streamflow; water availability; rainfall-runoff; Tonle Sap Basin

Online: 28 December 2016 (11:22:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0020.v1

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

O. Adrian Pfiffner

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: thin-skinned tectonics; thick-skinned tectonics; structural geology; structure of mountain ranges; fold-and-thrust belts; décollement; nappe stacking; continent-continent collision; subduction; basin inversion

Online: 11 July 2017 (08:12:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0058.v1

GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Wetland Mapping and Monitoring

Qiusheng Wu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: GIS; image classification; LiDAR; remote sensing; wetland indicator; global wetland inventory; wetland mapping

Online: 14 September 2017 (17:25:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0020.v1

Examination of Multi-Spectral Radiance of the Landsat 8 Satellite Data for Estimating Biomass Carbon Stock at Wetland Ecosystem

Idung Risdiyanto, Muhamad Fakhrul

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: biomass, carbon stock, wetland, spectral radiance, SWIR

Online: 4 April 2017 (10:02:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0134.v1

Prediction of Rice Water Requirement Using FAO-CROPWAT Model in North Iran under Future Climate Change

Javad Gilanipour, Bahram Gholizadeh

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: rice; water requirement; climate change; Penman-Monteith; CROPWAT

Online: 31 October 2016 (03:21:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0030.v1

Strengths and Limitations of UAV and Ground-based Structure from Motion Photogrammetry in a Gullied Savanna Catchment

Jack Koci, Javier X. Leon, Ben Jarihani, Roy C. Sidle, Scott N. Wilkinson, Rebecca Bartley

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: digital elevation model; DEM; digital surface model; DSM; great barrier reef; gully erosion; multi-view stereo; point cloud; unmanned aerial vehicle

Online: 13 July 2017 (02:55:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0456.v1

Effects of Some Weather Parameters on Oil Palm Production in the Peninsular Malaysia

Abubakar Ahmed, Mohd Yusoff Ishak, Mohd Kamal Uddin, Mohd Yusoff Abd Samad, Suleiman Mukhtar, Samir Shehu Danhassan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Rainfall; Temperature; oil palm; Malaysia

Online: 17 June 2021 (10:17:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0619.v1

Assessing the Potential Contribution of Pfumvudza Towards Climate Smart Agriculture in Zimbabwe: A Review

Never Mujere

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate smart agriculture; crop productivity; climate change; Pfumvudza; Zimbabwe

Online: 29 January 2021 (12:40:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0137.v1

Advantages and Limitations to the Use of Optical Measurements to Study Sediment Dynamics

Emmanuel Boss, Christopher Sherwood, Paul Hill, Tim Milligan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: particle dynamics; optical properties; Sediment;

Online: 7 September 2018 (13:14:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci2030081

Atmospheric Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>: Hen-or-Egg Causality?

Demetris Koutsoyiannis, Zbigniew Kundzewicz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: temperature; global warming; greenhouse gases; atmospheric CO₂ concentration

Online: 14 September 2020 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0301.v1

Estimation of Salinity Intrusion by Using Landsat 8 OLI Data in The Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Phuong Ha Tran, Anh Kim Nguyen, Yuei-An Liou, Phung Phi Hoang, Hung Thanh Nguyen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geography Keywords: Salinity intrusion; climate change; rising sea level; electrical conductivity; Landsat 8 OLI; Tra Vinh Province; Mekong Delta

Online: 17 August 2018 (11:41:14 CEST)

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Salinity intrusion is one of the most serious consequences of climate change coupled with rising sea level that significantly affects agricultural activities in many parts of the world. This phenomenon has increasingly become more serious and frequently occurred in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. As a result, Vietnam has been ranked among top five countries where have been devastatingly impacted by climate change, in particular, its Tra Vinh Province characterized by coastal plain and alluvial deposit. In addition, this area is of the tropical monsoon zone of long rainy season with source of salt brought from the sea by the tides and sea level rise. Regions that are contaminated by salt are located in lowland and often suffer from floods linking to tidal effects with salty water from river systems and channels. Soil salinity evaluation is critical for coastal protection, restoration, and agricultural planning since it can be considered as an agricultural indicator to evaluate quality of soil. Here, we attempt to estimate the soil salinity in Tra Vinh Province, in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Landsat 8 OLI images are utilized to derive indices for soil salinity evaluation including single bands, Vegetation Soil Salinity Index (VSSI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI). Subsequently, satistical analysis between soil salinity, electrical conductivity (EC, dS/m), and environmental indices derived from Landsat 8 OLI image is performed. Results indicate that spectral value of Near Infrared (NIR) band and VSSI are highly correlated with EC (R2 = 0.7779 and R2 = 0.6957, respectively) in comparison with the other indices. Comparative results show that soil salinity derived from Landsat 8 is consistent with in situ data. Findings of this study demonstrate that Landsat 8 OLI images reveal a high potential for spatiotemporally monitoring the magnitude of soil salinity at the top soil layer. Outcomes of this study are useful for agricultural activities, planners, and farmers by providing the base map of soil salinity contamination for better selection of accomodating crop types to reduce economical lost in the context of climate change. Our proposed method that estimates soil salinity using satellite-derived variables can be applied in the other regions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0021.v1

E-waste Management in South Africa: Case Study: Cathode Ray Tubes Recycling Opportunities

Pontsho Ledwaba, Ndabenhle Sosibo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: electrical and electronic waste; recycling; legislative frameworks; environmental management; landfilling

Online: 3 August 2016 (12:33:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0439.v1

Meycauayan, an Industrial City in Bulacan, Philippines: Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Surface Sediments and Their Relationship to Environmental Indicators

Reymar Diwa, Custer Deocaris, Aileen Orbecido, Arnel Beltran, Edgar Vallar, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Lawrence Belo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: heavy metals; MMORS, Meycauayan River; soil pollution; multivariate analysis; Sediment Quality Guidelines; Single Pollution Index

Online: 16 June 2021 (10:34:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0196.v1

Investigation of the Mediterranean Cyclone Cleopatra Using the WRF Model: Sensitivity Analysis and Ensemble Forecasting Approach

Markos P. Mylonas, Kostas C. Douvis, Iliana D. Polychroni, Nadia Politi, Panagiotis T. Nastos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: WRF; Medicane; extra-tropical cyclone; hybrid cyclone; sensitivity analysis

Online: 10 October 2018 (03:43:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0004.v1

Environmental Footprint of Domestic Dogs and Cats

Jose Herrera-Camacho, Eduardo Baltierra-Trejo, Paul Adolfo Taboada-González, Luisa Fernanda Gonzalez, Liliana Marquez-Benavides

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: life cycle analysis, dogs; cats; carbon footprint; environmental pawprint

Online: 4 July 2017 (16:00:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0098.v1

Flood Prediction Using Machine Learning, Literature Review

Amir Mosavi, Pinar Ozturk, Chau Kwok-wing

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: flood prediction; machine learning; forecasting

Online: 5 October 2018 (11:52:28 CEST)

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Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, which are highly complex to model. The research on the advancement of flood prediction models has been contributing to risk reduction, policy suggestion, minimizing loss of human life and reducing the property damage associated with floods. To mimic the complex mathematical expressions of physical processes of floods, during the past two decades, machine learning (ML) methods have highly contributed in the advancement of prediction systems providing better performance and cost effective solutions. Due to the vast benefits and potential of ML, its popularity has dramatically increased among hydrologists. Researchers through introducing the novel ML methods and hybridization of the existing ones have been aiming at discovering more accurate and efficient prediction models. The main contribution is to demonstrate the state of the art of ML models in flood prediction and give an insight over the most suitable models. The literature where ML models are benchmarked through a qualitative analysis of robustness, accuracy, effectiveness, and speed have been particularly investigated to provide an extensive overview on various ML algorithms usage in the field. The performance comparison of ML models presents an in-depth understanding about the different techniques within the framework of a comprehensive evaluation and discussion. As the result, the paper introduces the most promising prediction methods for both long-term and short-term floods. Furthermore, the major trends in improving the quality of the flood prediction models are investigated. Among them, hybridization, data decomposition, algorithm ensemble, and model optimization are reported the most effective strategy in improvement of the ML methods. This survey can be used as a guideline for the hydrologists as well as climate scientists to assist them choosing the proper ML method according to the prediction task conclusions.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0069.v1

Good in The Worst: COVID-19 Restrictions and Ease in Global Air Pollution

Naser A. Anjum

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; respiratory diseases; air pollution

Online: 6 April 2020 (15:48:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0123.v1

Three-Dimensional Facies Analysis using Object-Based Geobody Modeling: A Case Study for the Farewell Formation, Maui Gas Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

AKM Eahsanul Haque, Md. Aminul Islam, Mohamed Ragab Shalaby

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: geobody modeling, object-based facies modeling (OBFM), variogram analysis, farewell formation, paleo-depositional environment

Online: 15 January 2018 (10:01:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0081.v1

Remote Sensing for Detection and Monitoring of Vegetation Affected by Oil Spills

Bashir Adamu, Booker Ogutu, Kevin Tansey

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: spectral reflectance; vegetation indices; vegetation; remote sensing; oil spill; mangrove forest; oil pollution; Landsat 8

Online: 23 September 2016 (06:19:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0162.v1

A Review of Geological Applications of High-Spatial-Resolution Remote Sensing Data

Chunming Wu, Xiao Li, Weitao Chen, Xianju Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: High-spatial-resolution images; Geology; Deep learning; Remote sensing

Online: 7 November 2018 (13:17:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0048.v1

UAV Low Altitude Photogrammetry for Power Line Inspection

Yong Zhang, Xiuxiao Yuan, Yi Fang, Shiyu Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: UAV remote sensing; power line inspection; dense matching; virtual photography; automatic detection of obstacles in power line corridor

Online: 5 August 2016 (08:07:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0103.v1

Small Satellite Cloud Detection Based On Deep Learning and Image Compression

Zhang Zhaoxiang, Akira Iwasaki, Xu Guodong, Song Jianing

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Space And Planetary Science Keywords: Cloud detection; Deep learning; Image Compression.

Online: 15 February 2018 (16:49:55 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Impact of El Niño and La Niña on Agriculture in Ethiopia: Implications for El Niño and La Niña Adaptation and Food Security in Ethiopia

Abadi Berhane, Teklay Tesfay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: El Niño; La Niña; statistical indices; climate change adaptation; Ethiopia

Online: 3 September 2020 (15:33:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0320.v1

Land Use Land Cover Changes and Their Impact on the Lake Ecosystem of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Eyasu Elias, Weldemariam Seifu Gessesew, Bereket Tesfaye, Wondewosen Girmay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia, Landsat images, Lake, land use/land cover

Online: 27 December 2018 (10:49:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0149.v1

Estimation of Chlorophyll‐a Concentration and Trophic States for an Inland Lake from Landsat 8 OLI Data: A Case of Nalban Lake of East Kolkata Wetland, India

Pulak Patra, Sourabh Kumar Dubey, Raman Kumar Trivedi, Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Sangram Keshari Rout

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: landsat 8 OLI; Nalban Lake; East Kolkata Wetland; chlorophyll-a prediction; study points; validation points

Online: 15 August 2016 (13:51:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0093.v1

Valorization of Superabsorbent Polymers from Used Disposable Diapers as Soil Moisture Conditioner

Raymundo Sánchez-Orozco, Beatriz Timoteo-Cruz, Teresa Torres-Blancas, Fernando Ureña-Núñez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: used superabsorbent polymer; disposable diapers; swelling capacity; soil conditioner

Online: 27 February 2017 (06:50:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0101.v1

Forest Protected Area Systems and Biodiversity Conservation in Bangladesh

Sharif Ahmed Mukul, A. Z. M. Manzoor Rashid, Niaz Ahmed Khan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: biodiversity conservation, livelihood, co-management, stakeholder, law enforcement

Online: 18 November 2016 (15:20:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0087.v1

Calculating Energy Spectra from Drifters

Joseph H. LaCasce

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: Turbulence; Spectra; Lagrangian

Online: 28 July 2016 (04:48:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0081.v1

On the Vertical Accuracy of the ALOS World 3D-30m Digital Elevation Model

Çaglar Bayık, Kazimierz Becek, Çetin Mekik, Mustafa Özendi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: AW3D30; DEM; Runway Method; RWYM

Online: 24 August 2017 (15:51:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0006.v1

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Assessment of Surface Water at Xiahe County in Tibetan Plateau Pastoral of China

Qian Zhang, Shengli Wang, Muhammad Yousaf, Zhongren Nan, Shuixian Wang, Jianmin Ma, Depeng Wang, Fei Zang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: surface water; Tibetan Plateau pastoral area; Xiahe County; hydrochemical characteristics; fuzzy comprehensive method; water quality

Online: 2 August 2016 (04:20:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0016.v1

Line-Based Registration of Panoramic Images and LiDAR Point Cloud for Mobile Mapping

Tingting Cui, Shunping Ji, Jie Shan, Jianya Gong, Kejian Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: mobile mapping system; LiDAR point cloud; 2D-3D registration; panoramic sensor model

Online: 2 December 2016 (10:58:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0100.v1

Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of its Properties under the Treatment of Inorganic Acid Solutions

Victoria V. Krupskaya, Sergey V. Zakusin, Ekaterina A. Tyupina, Olga V. Dorzhieva, Anatoliy P. Zhukhlistov, Maria N. Timofeeva, Petr E. Belousov

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: engineering barriers; bentonite clays; thermochemical treatments; montmorillonite; structure modification; adsorption properties

Online: 19 December 2016 (11:08:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0316.v1

Multi-temporal Crop Type and Field Boundary Classification with Google Earth Engine

Michael Marszalek, Maximilian Lösch, Marco Körner, Urs Schmidhalter

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Precision farming; Crop type mapping; Digital agriculture; Sentinel-2; Random Forest; SVM; Field boundaries; Canny; Simple non-iterative clustering

Online: 19 April 2020 (03:14:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0091.v2

The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) Application in China: A Case Study in Heihe River Basin

Xian-yong Meng, Hao Wang, Si-yu Cai, Xue-song Zhang, Guo-yong Leng, Xiao-hui Lei, Chun-xiang Shi, Shi-yin Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: reanalysis climate data; hydrologic modeling; comparative analysis

Online: 3 February 2017 (03:50:07 CET)

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Large-scale hydrological modeling in China is challenging given the sparse meteorological stations and large uncertainties associated with atmospheric forcing data.Here we introduce the development and use of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS) in the Heihe River Basin(HRB) for improving hydrologic modeling, by leveraging the datasets from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS)(including climate data from nearly 40000 area encryption stations, 2700 national automatic weather stations, FengYun (FY) 2 satellite and radar stations). CMADS uses the Space Time Multiscale Analysis System (STMAS) to fuse data based on ECWMF ambient field and ensure data accuracy. In addition, compared with CLDAS, CMADS includes relative humidity and climate data of varied resolutions to drive hydrological models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Here, we compared climate data from CMADS, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and traditional weather station (TWS) climate forcing data and evaluatedtheir applicability for driving large scale hydrologic modeling with SWAT. In general, CMADS has higher accuracy than CFRS when evaluated against observations at TWS; CMADS also provides spatially continuous climate field to drive distributed hydrologic models, which is an important advantage over TWS climate data, particular in regions with sparse weather stations. Therefore, SWAT model simulations driven with CMADS and TWS achieved similar performances in terms of monthly and daily stream flow simulations, and both of them outperformed CFRS. For example, for the three hydrological stations (Ying Luoxia, Qilian Mountain, and ZhaMasheke) in the HRB at the monthly and daily Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranges of 0.75-0.95 and 0.58-0.78, respectively, which are much higher than corresponding efficiency statistics achieved with CFSR (monthly: 0.32-0.49 and daily: 0.26 – 0.45). The CMADS dataset is available free of charge and is expected to a valuable addition to the existing climate reanalysis datasets for deriving distributed hydrologic modeling in China and other countries in East Asia.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0137.v1

Contamination Characteristics and Assessment of Manganese, Zinc, Chrome, Lead, Copper and Nickel in Bus Station Dusts of Xifeng, Northwest China

Yongfu Wu, Xinwei Lu, Sukai Zhuang, Xiufeng Han, Yan Zhou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: heavy metal; contamination assessment; X-ray fluorescence; bus station dusts

Online: 13 August 2016 (09:41:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0023.v1

Urban Sprawl Detection Using Remotely Sensed Data: A Case of Chennai, Tamilnadu

Rajchandar Padmanaban, Pedro Cabral, Avit K. Bhowmik, Alexander Zamyatin, Oraib Almegdadi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Random forest classification; urban sprawl; spatial metrics; Renyi’s entropy; sustainability; land change modelling; remote sensing; urban growth model; Chennai

Online: 5 January 2017 (09:20:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0137.v1

Characteristics, Threats and Challenges of Shrimp Production among Small-Holder and Commercial Penaeus vannamei Shrimp Farmers in Davao Region, Philippines

Misael B. Clapano, Jenie Mae T. Diuyan, France Guillian B. Rapiz, Edison D. Macusi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Aquaculture; Davao Oriental; management; Mati City; shrimp farms; water quality

Online: 10 March 2022 (03:17:27 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.3390/sci1010015.v1

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Removal Methods from Wastewater in the United Kingdom: A Review

China K. Gadupudi, Louis Rice, Libin Xiao, Komali Kantamaneni

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Water Science And Technology Keywords: wastewater treatment; temperatures; systematic review; biofilms; endocrine disrupting compounds

Online: 21 March 2019 (00:00:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0067.v1

Determination and Evaluation of the Parameters for the Green & AMPT Infiltration Equation in Some Agricultural Soils in Mexico

Jorge Víctor Prado Hernández, Fermín Pascual Ramírez, David Cristóbal Acevedo, Mauricio Carrillo García, Antonio Martínez Ruíz

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Soil Science Keywords: water in the soil; surface irrigation; water storage; irrigation modelling; soil hydrodynamics

Online: 13 December 2016 (09:55:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0059.v1

Geographic Distribution of Registered Packaged Water Production in Ghana: Implications for Groundwater Management and Environmental Impacts

Mawuli Dzodzomenyo, Winfred Dotse-Gborgbortsi, Dan Lapworth, Nicola Wardrop, Jim Wright

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: water footprint; bottled water; groundwater; Africa; water resource management; urban

Online: 10 December 2016 (08:41:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0069.v1

Comparison of Pixel- and Object-Based Approaches in Phenology-Based Rubber Plantation Mapping in Fragmented Landscapes

Deli Zhai, Jinwei Dong, Georg Cadisch, Mingcheng Wang, Weili Kou, Jianchu Xu, Xiangming Xiao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation; phenology; Xishuangbanna; Landsat; object-based approach; pixel-based approach

Online: 6 August 2016 (11:54:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0275.v1

Harmonization of Landsat and Sentinel 2 for Crop Monitoring in Drought Prone Areas: Case Studies of Ninh Thuan (Vietnam) and Bekaa (Lebanon)

Minh D. Nguyen, Oscar B. Villanueva, Duong D. Bui, Phong T. Nguyen, Lars Ribbe

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Landsat; Sentinel 2; harmonization; crop monitoring; Google Earth Engine

Online: 24 October 2019 (06:02:04 CEST)

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Proper satellite-based crop monitoring applications at the farm-level often require near-daily imagery at medium to high spatial resolution. The synthesizing of ongoing satellite missions by ESA (Sentinel 2) and NASA (Landsat7/8) provides this unprecedented opportunity at a global scale; nonetheless, this is rarely implemented because these procedures are data demanding and computationally intensive. This study developed a complete stream processing in the Google Earth Engine cloud platform to generate harmonized surface reflectance images of Landsat7,8 and Sentinel 2 missions. The harmonized images were generated for two agriculture schemes in Bekaa (Lebanon) and Ninh Thuan (Vietnam) during the period 2018-2019. We evaluated the performance of several pre-processing steps needed for the harmonization including image co-registration, brdf correction, topographic correction, and band adjustment. This study found that the miss-registration between Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 images, varied from 10 meters in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam to 32 meters in Bekaa, Lebanon, and if not treated, posed a great impact on the quality of the harmonized dataset. Analysis of a pair overlapped L8-S2 images over the Bekaa region showed that after the harmonization, all band-to-band spatial correlations were greatly improved from (0.57, 0.64, 0.67, 0.75, 0.76, 0.75, 0.79) to (0.87, 0.91, 0.92, 0.94, 0.97, 0.97, 0.96) in bands (blue, green, red, nir,swir1,swir2, ndvi) respectively. We demonstrated that dense observation of the harmonized dataset can be very helpful for characterizing cropland in highly dynamic areas. We detected unimodal, bimodal and trimodal shapes in the temporal NDVI patterns (likely cycles of paddy rice) in Ninh Thuan province only during the year 2018. We fitted the temporal signatures of the NDVI time series using harmonic (Fourier) analysis. Derived phase (angle from the starting point to the cycle's peak) and amplitude (the cycle's height) were combined with max-NDVI to generate an R-G-B image. This image highlighted croplands as colored pixels (high phase and amplitude) and other types of land as grey/dark pixels (low phase/amplitude). Generated harmonized datasets that contain surface reflectance images (bands blue, green, red, nir, swir1, swir2, and ndvi at 30 meters) over the two studied sites are provided for public usage and testing.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0014.v1

A Review on Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches for Air Pollution Studies

Abulude F. O., Moez B., Adeoya E. A., Olubayode S. A.

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: PM10; TSP; pollutants; element markers; epidemiological; dispersion modeling

Online: 2 March 2017 (07:29:35 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0064.v1

Moss Bag Preparation: A Low-Cost Technique in Monitoring Airborne Particulate and Toxic Elements

Francis Olawale Abulude, Jamok Jacob Elisha

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: air pollution; mosses; low-cost; equipment; time-consuming

Online: 13 March 2017 (09:28:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0141.v1

Dynamic Threshold Selection for the Classification of Large Water Bodies within Landsat-8 OLI Water Index Images

Fangfang Zhang, Junsheng Li, Qian Shen, Bing Zhang, Huping Ye, Shenglei Wang, Zhaoyi Lu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: automated water extraction; landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI); modified histogram bimodal method (MHBM); remote sensing

Online: 29 December 2016 (10:49:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0129.v1

Urban Thermal Environment and Heat Island in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from Remote Sensing Data

Van Tran Thi, Bao Ha Duong Xuan, Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: emissivity; land cover; land surface temperature; surface urban heat island; thermal environment; mitigation

Online: 29 January 2017 (10:38:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0011.v1

Progress in the Infrared Remote Sensing of Volcanic Activity

Matthew Blackett

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: infrared remote sensing; volcanoes; earth observation, satellites

Online: 5 October 2016 (11:54:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0096.v1

Biomineralization of Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate Minerals Induced by Bacillus licheniformis and Its Application in Water Softening

Yanyang Zhao, Hui Zhao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: biomineralization; calcium ions; magnesium ions; Bacillus lichemiformis; carbonates

Online: 22 January 2017 (04:58:39 CET)

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Reducing the hardness of hard water is of great concern nowadays due to some adverse effects on water pipes, boilers and soap consumption. Using the method of biomineralization to precipitate calcium and magnesium ions to become carbonate minerals was one of the most important innovations for reducing the hardness of hard water. The present study sought to explore the physical and chemical conditions of carbonates bio-precipitation and the potential use of Bacillus licheniformis SRB2 strain (GenBank: KM884945.1) isolated from sludge sample of Moshui River (Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China) in reducing the hardness of hard waters by the induction of carbonate minerals. In this study, B. licheniformis SRB2 strain was identified based on the morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequence homology analysis. The carbonate minerals induced by B. licheniformis bacteria in the liquid culture medium with 3% NaCl and Mg/Ca molar ratio of 0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 were investigated. The culture medium was inoculated with the bacterial liquid seed was set as the experimental group and the other culture medium was inoculated with the same volume of distilled water was set as the control group. The mineral phases, micromorphologies, and crystal structures were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray detector, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The bacterial concentrations and pH values of the solution were measured by a spectrophotometer and a pH meter, respectively. The urease secreted by B. licheniformis SRB2 was found to greatly increase the pH values of the liquid medium, which favored the formation of calcium carbonate.As a result, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ion concentrations decreased greatly due to the biomineralization of calcium carbonate and nesquehonite minerals in the presence of B. licheniformis SRB2 bacterium. There were only few calcium carbonates and no nesquehonite minerals in the control groups. It was also found that the minerals of nesquehonite induced by B. licheniformis SRB2 had a phenomenon of preferred orientation. What was more, even though Mg²⁺ ions inhibited the precipitation of Ca²⁺ ions, but under the action of B. licheniformis SRB2 bacteria, the inhibition effect was significantly declined. The bio-precipitation of calcium carbonate and nesquehonite minerals may represent a new method of pretreatment for the hardness reduction of hard water. The accomplished study is of certain interest for interpretation of the carbonates biomineralization in natural environment, and maybe also has a certain application value in the former processing of hard water

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0134.v1

The Suitability of the Satellite Metrological Inputs Source on the Hydrological Model in a Small Urban Catchment

Song Song, Youpeng Xu, Jiali Wang, Jinkang Du, Jianxin Zhang, Qiang Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: spatial resolution; interpolation method; CREST model; Qinhuai catchment

Online: 13 August 2016 (04:28:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0229.v1

The Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) Indication at Low Latitude Sediment Case Study: The Miocene Cibulakan Formation, Bogor Basin

Wahyu Dwijo Santoso, Rubiyanto Kapid, Ben Ikhsan, Moehammad Ali Jambak, Dasapta Erwin Irawan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Paleontology Keywords: Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO); nannoplankton; temperature changes; Cibulakan Formation

Online: 24 January 2018 (18:50:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0089.v1

Regional Lithological Mapping Using ASTER-TIR Data: Preliminary Case Study for the Tibetan Plateau and the Surrounding Area

Yoshiki Ninomiya, Bihong Fu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: ASTER; TIR; geology; mineralogy; suture zone; quartz; feldspars; silicates; carbonates; sulfates; granitic rocks; felsic; ultramafic; mapping

Online: 9 August 2016 (10:10:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0017.v1

A New Simplified DSM-to-DTM Algorithm – dsm-to-dtm-step

Thomas Krauß

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Digital Surface Model, Digital Terrain Model, Steep edge detection

Online: 2 July 2018 (16:42:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0108.v1

Forest Fire Danger Index Based on Static and Dynamic Parameters Using Satellite Datasets

Suresh Babu KV, Arijit Roy, Ramachandra Prasad P

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: Forest fire danger index; MODIS; MOD11; MOD09; MOD14

Online: 14 March 2018 (15:38:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0171.v1

Investigation of Geological Structures of Hydrogeological Importance of 1:100,000 Sheet 185 (Paiko) North-Central Nigeria Using Integrated Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques

Jude Steven Ejepu, Peter Olasehinde, Appollonia A. Okhimamhe, Ipoola Okunlola

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: groundwater; hydrogeological structures; remote sensing; aeromagnetic survey; radial vertical electrical sounding

Online: 30 September 2017 (12:29:44 CEST)

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Aeromagnetic data coupled with Landsat ETM+ data and SRTM DEM have been processed in order to map regional hydrogeological structures in the basement complex region of Paiko, north-central Nigeria. Lineaments were extracted from derivative maps from aeromagnetic, Landsat ETM+ and SRTM DEM datasets. Ground geophysical investigation utilizing Radial Vertical Electrical Sounding (RVES) was established in nine transects comprising of four sounding stations which are oriented in three azimuths. Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) was employed to map the average depths structures from aeromagnetic dataset. Selected thematic layers which included lineaments density, lithologic, slope, drainage density and geomorphologic maps were integrated and modelled using ArcGIS to generate groundwater potential map of the area. Groundwater zones were classified into four categories: very good, good, moderate and poor according to their potential to yield sustainable water to drilled wells. Results from RVES survey reveal a close correlation to lineaments delineated from surface structural mapping and remotely sensed datasets. Hydrogeological significance of these orientations suggest that aeromagnetic data can be used to map relatively deep-seated fractures which are likely to be open groundwater conduits while remotely sensed lineaments and orientations delineated from the RVES survey may indicate areas of recharge. Regions with high lineament density have relatively better groundwater potential. This is attributable to areas having deep weathering profiles associated with intrusive bodies that have resulted in intense fracturing in the area. Drill depths in this area should target a minimum of 80 m to ensure sufficient and sustainable supplies to drilled wells. The outcome of this study should act as information framework that would guide the siting of productive water wells and while providing needed information for relevant agencies in need of data for the development of groundwater resources.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Identiﬁcation of Hydrothermal Alteration Minerals for Exploring Gold Deposit Based on SVM and PCA Using ASTER Data: A Case Study of Gulong

Kai Xu, Xiaofeng Wang, Chunfang Kong, Ruyi Feng, Gang Liu, Chonglong Wu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: gold deposit; alteration information; ASTER image; support vector machine (SVM); principal component analysis (PCA)

Online: 22 October 2019 (04:26:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0107.v1

Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of the Chemicals with Human and Environmental Relevance

Matteo Floris, Federica Albanese, Ricardo Medda, Emilio Benfenati

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: QSAR, Toxicology

Online: 27 September 2016 (11:34:40 CEST)

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Reducing the levels of toxic chemicals that cause adverse health and environmental impacts is a challenge for the international community. There is a need of a global strategy. Indeed, too often the problems associated to the exposure of chemical substances is recognized a posteriori, in the presence of consequences already observed. The prediction of the likely effects of chemical exposure on human health is based on classical tests with animals, which are time and money consuming, may deviate from an accurate prediction towards humans, and arises ethical concerns. Regulations are now considering the adoption of in silico (or computational) methods, which can be used for prioritizing substances according to the probability to be toxic for the biosphere. Several initiatives have prioritized chemicals, typically based according to some criteria, such as chemicals which may be endocrine disruptors, or persistent, bioaccumulative, or toxic (PBT). However, these initiatives focused on a certain range of adverse properties, and covered a certain number of substances only. We applied a set of largely validated and widely used predictive methods to large collections of chemicals: (i) to about 340,000 with a defined function, and (ii) to about 6 millions, which have been synthetized. The aim of this study is to quantify the putative impact of existing and future chemicals on towards human health, ecological and environment properties. The impact on the environment is the cause of major concern. This is the case of pesticides and hazardous, which is quite expected; however, also pharmacologically active candidate compounds of natural origin may have a high level of ecotoxicity. Pesticides and hazardous are also the categories of higher concern for humans, followed by pharmaceuticals. The pesticides and the hazardous are the categories of higher concern also on the environmental point of view. The results of our analysis could be the basis for the identification of new safety rules.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0091.v1

Hydrological Modelling Using Rainfall Simulator over Experimental Hillslope Plot

Arpit Chouksey, Vinit Lambey, Bhaskar R. Nikam

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: hydrological processes; hillslope hydrological modeling; rainfall simulators; subsurface flow processes

Online: 21 October 2016 (09:30:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0154.v1

Archipelago Insights as Efforts to Establish National Geostrategic Resilience: A Literature Review

Khansa Avi, Hemas Dewi, Moses Pandin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geography Keywords: Geostrategy; National Resilience; Archipelago Insights

Online: 10 May 2021 (09:56:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0068.v1

Application of HYSPLIT and WRF/Chem Models to Investigate the Dust Storm Episodes

Parya Broomandi, Bahram Dabir, Babak Bonakdarpour, Yousef Rashidi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: particulate matter; dust storm; meteorological parameter; HYSPLIT; WRF/Chem

Online: 17 October 2016 (12:16:08 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0095.v1

Remote Sensing for Crop Water Management: from Experiments to User-Driven Services

Alfonso Calera, Isidro Campos, Anna Osann, Guido D´Urso, Massimo Menenti

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: : Crop Water Requirements; Irrigation Requirements; crop coefficient; web-GIS; Earth Observation; evapotranspiration

Online: 17 November 2016 (15:41:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0144.v1

Temporal Changes of Per Capita Green Space of Colombo District, Sri Lanka

Lin Li, Pgrni Pussella

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Green Space; NDVI; Per Capita; Urbanization

Online: 29 December 2016 (16:04:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0165.v1

Atmospheric Emissions from Oil and Gas Extraction and Production in Greece

Georgios Papailias , Ilias Mavroidis

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: oil and gas production; atmospheric emissions; greenhouse gases; gas flaring; H2S

Online: 26 November 2017 (12:21:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0059.v1

Europe’s Green Arteries—A Continental Dataset of Riparian Zones

Christof J. Weissteiner, Martin Ickerott, Hannes Ott, Markus Probeck, Gernot Ramminger, Nicola Clerici, Hans Durfourmont, Ana Maria Ribeiro De Sousa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: riparian zone; transitional environment; riparian forest buffer; spatial modelling; mapping; spatial ecology; ecosystem functions

Online: 6 August 2016 (06:07:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0547.v2

Tornadoes in South Africa: An Overview with a Case Study

Offoro Kimambo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Tornadoes; CAPE; Overview; Case Study; Klerksdorp; South Africa

Online: 26 November 2018 (10:02:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0010.v1

Attenuation Correction for Ka-band Cloud Radar Using X-band Weather Radar Data

Peng Zhang, Yunjie Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: millimeter-wavelength cloud radar; attenuation correction; dual-radar; data fusion

Online: 1 November 2016 (10:05:18 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0364.v1

The Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution Concentrations and Lockdowns on Covid-19 Infections in Wuhan and Other Provincial Capitals in China

Yang Han, Jacqueline CK Lam, Victor OK Li, Peiyang Guo, Qi Zhang, Andong Wang, Jon Crowcroft, Shanshan Wang, Jinqi Fu, Zafar Gilani, Jocelyn Downey

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Pollution Keywords: Covid-19; infection rate; air pollution; lockdown; China

Online: 24 March 2020 (14:54:49 CET)

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Background: Covid-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China in Dec 2019. Since then, it has been transmitted rapidly in China and the rest of the world. While Covid-19 transmission rate has been declining in China, it is increasing exponentially in Europe and America. Although there are numerous studies examining Covid-19 infection, including an archived paper looking into the meteorological effect, the role of outdoor air pollution has yet to be explored rigorously. It has been shown that air pollution will weaken the immune system, and increase the rate of respiratory virus infection. We postulate that outdoor air pollution concentrations will have a negative effect on Covid-19 infections in China, whilst lockdowns, characterized by strong social distancing and home isolation measures, will help to moderate such negative effect. Methods: We will collect the number of daily confirmed Covid-19 cases in 31 provincial capital cities in China during the period of 1 Dec 2019 to 20 Mar 2020 (from a popular Chinese online platform which aggregates all cases reported by the Chinese national/provincial health authorities). We will also collect daily air pollution and meteorology data at the city-level (from the Chinese National Environmental Monitoring Center and the US National Climatic Data Center), daily inter-city migration flows and intra-city movements (from Baidu). City-level demographics including age distribution and gender, education, and median household income can be obtained from the statistical yearbooks. City-level co-morbidity indicators including rates of chronic disease and co-infection can be obtained from related research articles. A regression model is developed to model the relationship between the infection rate of Covid-19 (number of confirmed cases/population at the city level) and outdoor air pollution at the city level, after taking into account confounding factors such as meteorology, inter- and intra-city movements, demographics, and co-morbidity and co-infection rates. In particular, we shall study how air pollution affects infection rates across different cities, including Wuhan. Our model will also study air pollution would affect infection rates in Wuhan before and after the lockdown. Expected findings: We expect there be a correlation between Covid-19 infection rate and outdoor air pollution. We also expect that reduced intra-city movement after the lockdowns in Wuhan and the rest of China will play an important role in reducing the infection rate. Interpretation: Infection rate is growing exponentially in major cities worldwide. We expect Covid-19 infection rate is related to the air pollution concentration, and is strongly dependent on inter- and intra-city movements. To reduce the infection rate, the international community may deploy effective air pollution reduction plans and social distancing policies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0062.v1

Seasonal Trend Analysis of Climatic Parameters Relation to Impacts on the Crop Productivity of the Major Crops in Bangladesh

Nafia Jahan Rashmi, Md. Forhad Hossain, Mirza Hasanuzzaman

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: agricultural productivity; agrometeorology; climate change; crop yield

Online: 12 December 2016 (09:59:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0056.v1

Dynamic simulation of urban expansion based on cellular automata and logistic regression model: Case study of Hyrcanian region of Iran

Meisam Jafari, Seyed Masoud Monavari, Hamid Majedi, Ali Asghar Alesheikh, Mirmasoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Land use change; urban sprawl; Logistic regression; Markov chain; Cellular automata; Gilan Province

Online: 18 July 2016 (11:53:16 CEST)

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Although, promotion of urbanization culture in recent decades has made inevitable development of cities in the world, however, the development can be guided in a direction that leave, to the extent possible, minimum socioeconomic and environmental impacts. For this, it is required to first forecast auto-spreading orientation of cities and suburbs in rural areas over time and then avoid shapeless growth of cities. This paper is an attempt to develop a dynamic hybrid model based on logistic regression (LR), Markov chain (MC), and cellular automata (CA) for prediction of future urban sprawl in fast-growing cities. The model was developed using 12 widely-used urban development criteria, whose significant coefficient was determined by logistic regression, and validated by relative operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The validated model was run in Guilan, a tourist province in northern Iran with a very high rate of urban development. For this, changes in the area of urban land use were detected over the period of 1989 to 2013 and then, future sprawl of the province was forecasted by the years 2025 and 2037. The analysis results revealed that the area of urban land use was increased by more than 1.7 % from 36012.5 ha in 1989 to 59754.8 ha in 2013, and the area of Caspian Hyrcanian forestland was reduced by 31628 ha. The results also predicted an alarming increase in the rate of urban development in the province by the years 2025 and 2037, during which urban land use is predicted to develop 0.9 % and 1.38 %, respectively. The development pattern is expected to be uneven and scattered, without following any particular direction. The development will occur close to the existing or newly-formed urban basements as well as around major roads and commercial areas. This development, if not controlled, will lead to the loss of 13863 ha of Hyrcanian forests and if the trend continues, 21013 ha of Hyrcanian forests and 20208 ha of Barren/open lands are expected to be destroyed by the year 2037. In general, the proposed model is an efficient tool for the support of urban planning decisions and facilitates the process of sustainable development of cities by providing decision-makers with an overview on future development of cities where the growth rate is very fast.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0170.v1

A Method to Count Olive Trees in Heterogenous Plantations from Aerial Photographs

Yann H. Chemin, Pieter S.A. Beck

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: tree counting, olive trees, Xylella fastidiosa, Puglia, Italy, algorithms, image processing

Online: 27 October 2017 (12:30:05 CEST)

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Preprint COMMENTARY | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0150.v1

Addressing Environmental Health Problems in Ogoniland through Implementation of United Nations Environmental Program Recommendations: Environmental Management Strategies

Okhumode H. Yakubu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Environmental Assessment Report (EAR); environmental health; Environmental Management/Environmental Management Systems (EM/EMS) Model; Environmental Management Plan (EMP); Multinational oil companies (MOCs); Niger Delta; Ogoni; Ogoniland; Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC); United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP)

Online: 30 December 2016 (07:39:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0055.v1

Seismic Damage Recognition Based on Watershed Segmentation of SAR Image Texture Features

Qiang Li, Lixia Gong, Jingfa Zhang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: seismic damage building; watershed segmentation; SAR; texture feature; change detection

Online: 5 August 2016 (12:19:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0028.v2

Intra-Urban Mobility in the Estimation of Risk Scenarios by BTEX Emissions

Marco Antonio Garcia-Zarate, María Evarista Arellano-García, Mariana Villada Canela, Patricia Aceves-Calderon, Ana Erika Ruiz-Arellano, Christine Alysse Von- Glascoe, M. C. Arredondo Garcia

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: VOC; technological risk; exposure to risks; DRI; risk mapping; SIG; BTEX

Online: 13 September 2016 (03:42:52 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0601.v1

Review of Macadamia Production in Malawi: Focusing on What, Where, How Much Is Produced and Major Constraints.

Emmanuel Junior Zuza, Shonil Bhagwat, Andrew Emmott, Will Rawes, Kadmiel Maseyk, Yoseph N. Araya

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Macadamia; Smallholder farmers; Lucrative crop; Poverty reduction; Consumption

Online: 24 November 2020 (08:31:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0006.v1

Governing Climate Change Risks: Subnational Climate Policies in Brazil

Fabiana Barbi, Leila Da Costa Ferreira

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: adaptation; Brazil; climate change policy; mitigation; risks

Online: 7 July 2016 (10:54:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0079.v1

Sol Hamed Ophiolitic Complex, Southern Eastern Desert, Egypt: Petrological, Economic Potentiality and Structural Implications

Tarek Sedki, Shehata Ali, Haroun A. Mohamed, Rafat Zaki

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geochemistry And Petrology Keywords: Sol Hamed; supra-subduction zone; serpentinites; magnesite mineralization; gold deposits

Online: 8 October 2019 (06:33:39 CEST)

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The Sol Hamed (SH) area is a part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) ophiolites occurred within Onib-Sol Hamed suture zone in the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt. The ophiolitic assemblages in this area are represented by serpentinite, metagabbro and arc assemblages represented by metavolcanics. They later intruded by gabbroes and granites. Geochemically, the compatible trace elements (Cr=2426–2709 ppm, Ni=1657–2377 ppm and Co=117–167 ppm) enrichment in SH serpentinites indicate derivation from a depleted mantle peridotite source. They show affinity to the typical metamorphic peridotites. The normative compositions reflect harzburgitic mantle source. Their Al2O3 contents (0.05–1.02 wt. %) are akin to oceanic and active margin peridotites and Pan-African serpentinites. The Cr and TiO2 contents indicate supra-subduction zone (SSZ) environment. Their Al2O3/SiO2 and MgO/SiO2 ratios support the SSZ affinity and are similar to ANS peridotites with fore-arc setting. Moreover, their Al2O3 and CaO depletion is typical of fore-arc peridotites. Structurally, the area represents four deformational events can be well-known in the Neoproterozoic rocks (D1, D2, D3 and D4); D1: E–W thrust faults and related E–W (F1) folds; D2: NW–SE thrust faults and related NW–SE (F2) folds were formed; D3: conjugate NNW-trending sinistral and NNE-trending dextral transpression, as well as N–trending tight folds (F3) and D4: is E–W dextral strike-slip and dip-slip normal faults striking NNW–SSE to N–S and E–W may be related to Red Sea rifting. There are major three fault sets affected the area. The first set trend mainly NE-SW and is manifested in the volcanic-sedimentary assemblage and Gabal SH and have important role in mineralization. The second set trend E-W affecting all the basement rocks and disturbs the first fault set. The third set trend N-S affected all the rock units. Magnesite mineralization in SH serpentinites is cryptocrystalline formed due to hydrothermal alteration of the serpentinite host rocks. It is occur as snow-white veins and stock-works. These characteristics are typical of Kraubath type magnesite deposits. Gold mineralization is confined to malachite-bearing quartz veins, smoky quartz veins and alteration zones. Malachite-bearing quartz veins trending NW-SE cut through gabbroic rocks and exhibit mylonitic structure. They are fractured containing malachite and disseminated sulfide minerals. Smoky quartz veins trending NE-SW with SE steeply dipping intrude the meta-andesite. They are intensively sheared containing iron oxides in the fissures. The gold grades increase with arsenopyrite occurrences. On the other hand, the barren quartz veins are nearly vertical with E-W directions. Alteration zones with NW-SE trend and nearly vertical dip intrude metagabbros and metavolcanics. Hematite, limonite, goethite and fresh pyrite characterize these zones. They occur mainly neighboring the auriferous quartz veins.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Petrographic Characteristics of Sandstones as a Basis to Evaluate their Suitability in Construction and Energy Storage Applications. A Case Study from Klepa Nafpaktias (Central Western Greece)

Petros Petrounias, Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou, Aikaterini Rogkala, Maria Kalpogiannaki, Petros Koutsovitis, Maria-Elli Damoulianou, Nikolaos Koukouzas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: petrographic characteristics; sandstones; physicomechanical properties; concrete petrography; CO2 storage

Online: 4 February 2020 (15:50:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0033.v1

Urbanization and Its Effects on Industrial Pollutant emissions: An Empirical Study of a Chinese Case with the Spatial Panel Model

Jin Guo, Yingzhi Xu, Zhengning Pu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: industrial pollutant emissions; urbanization; the spatial panel model; Chinese case

Online: 14 July 2016 (12:12:25 CEST)

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Urbanization is considered as a main indicator of regional economic development due to its positive effect on promoting industrial development; however, many regions, especially developing countries, are troubled by its negative effect — the aggravating environmental pollution. Many researchers have indicated that rapid urbanization stimulated the expansion of industrial production scale and increased industrial pollutant emissions. However, this judgement contains a grave deficiency in that urbanization not only expands industrial production scales but can also increase industrial labour productivity and change the industrial structure. To modify this deficiency, we first decompose the influence which urbanization impacts on industrial pollutant emissions into the scale effect, the intensive effect and the structure effect by using the Kaya Identity and the LMDI Method; second, we perform an empirical study of the three effects’ impacts by applying the spatial panel model with data from 282 Chinese cities between 2003 and 2013. Our results indicate that (1) there are significant reverse U-shapes between Chinese urbanization rate and its industrial pollutant emissions; (2) the scale effect and the structure effect have aggravated Chinese industrial waste water discharge, sulphur dioxide emissions and soot (dust) emissions, while the intensive effect has generated a decreasing and ameliorative impact on that aggravated trend. The definite relationship between urbanization and industrial pollutant emissions depends on the combined influence of the scale effect, the intensive effect and the structure effect; (3) there are significant spatial autocorrelations of industrial pollutant emissions between Chinese cities, but the spatial spillover effect from other cities does not aggravate local urban industrial pollutant emissions, we offer an explanation to this contradiction that the vast rural areas surrounding Chinese cities have served as sponge belts and have absorbed the spatial spillover of cities’ industrial pollutant emissions. According to the results, we argue that this type of decomposition of the influence into three effects is necessary and meaningful, it establishes a solid foundation for understanding the relationship between urbanization and industrial pollutant emissions, and effectively helps to meet relative policy making.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0036.v1

High Resolution Satellite Image Classification Using Multi-Task Joint Sparse and Low-Rank Representation

Kunlun Qi, Wenxuan Liu, Chao Yang, Qingfeng Guan, Huayi Wu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Remote Sensing Keywords: multi-task learning; feature fusion; sparse representation; low-rank representation; scene classification

Online: 7 November 2016 (05:25:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0008.v3

Properties of the long-term oscillations in the middle atmosphere based on observations from TIMED/SABER

Yiyao Zhang, Shudao Zhou, Hanqing Shi, Zheng Sheng, Weilai Shi, Huadong Du, Zhiqiang Fan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: AO; SAO; TO; amplitude; phase

Online: 6 October 2016 (08:52:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0023.v1

Hydrological Implications of Climate Change on River Basin Water Cycle: Case Studies of the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basins, China

Liu Liu, Zongxue Xu, Rong Li, Youzhi Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: climate change; water cycle; downscaling; hydrological model; Yangtze River; Yellow River; Tibetan Plateau

Online: 8 October 2016 (11:29:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0024.v1

Development of SWAT-PADDY for Simulating Lowland Paddy Fields

Ryota Tsuchiya, Tasuku Kato, Jaehak Jeong

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: SWAT; model development; paddy fields; irrigation; return flow

Online: 3 November 2016 (09:42:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0186.v1

COVID-19 Impacts on Beaches and Coastal Water Pollution: Management Proposals Post-pandemic

Franklin Ormaza-González, Divar Castro-Rodas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Oceanography Keywords: COVID-19; confinement; beaches; pollution; tourism

Online: 14 June 2020 (16:12:35 CEST)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged Governments all around the world to take confinement and social 13 distancing measures. The reduction of leisure and production activities on beaches and ports have 14 disappeared direct and indirect contamination such as plastics, hydrocarbon spill, microbiological loads, 15 noise level, etc. leading to temporary improved environmental conditions, converting the beaches 16 similar to Marine Protected Areas. Some conditions are briefly analyzed through local surveys and in situ 17 observations in the popular beaches and ports of Salinas, Manta and Galápagos. 97-99 % of surveyed 18 people agreed that beaches have notoriously improved during confinement at least from visual 19 observation. On a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), the beaches were rated 2.23 and 2.83 (less than 20 acceptable) before quarantine, and 4.48 and 4.33 after it for Salinas and Manta respectively. The 21 beaches have less garbage in general and plastic, even though there has been an increase in plastic and 22 face mask production around the world. In Salinas, 72%, and 23 % of surveyed people have seen small 23 pelagic fish, whilst in Manta 75%, and 41% of people saw the same, but also 17% of people have seen 24 whales (humpback and shark-whales) and dolphins practically swimming on the beach. Manta rays, 25 turtles, and other types of species were also observed. In Galapagos beaches, turtles have been 26 observed many more times than usual. The main plausible reason is the decrease in noise level. It is 27 recommended to take this unique opportunity, to construct a baseline data and information on physical, 28 chemical, biological, microbiological coastal oceanographic science, and from them to establish a proper 29 Coastal Zone Management based on beach description, water, and beach quality, human dimension, 30 and economic value indexes. This data and information construction should ideally be done before the 31 beaches are open.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0147.v1

Electro-Flotation as the Method of the Water Treatment in Recycling Process of Contaminated Water as an Integral Part of the Reverse Logistics System

Anna Antonyová, Peter Antony

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: wastewater recovery; innovative treatment technologies; electro-flotation; reverse logistics system

Online: 21 December 2017 (03:55:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0139.v1

Modeling Glacier Mass Balance and Runoff in the Koxkar River Basin on the South Slope of the Tianshan Mts. during 1959 to 2009, China

Min Xu, Haidong Han, Shichang Kang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: glacier mass balance; runoff; Tianshan Mts.; Koxkar River Basin; HBV model; interpolation

Online: 31 October 2016 (09:43:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0093.v1

Water Level Measurements from Drones

Elena Ridolfi, Piergiorgio Manciola

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: water level measurement; surface hydrology; unmanned aerial vehicle; drone; dam

Online: 10 January 2018 (17:48:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0020.v1

Preliminary Description of the Origin of a Sedimentary – Exhalative Ore Deposit, in Molango, Hidalgo Mexico

Eduardo Cerecedo-Sáenz, Ventura Rodríguez-Lugo, Juan Hernández-Ávila, Demetrio Mendoza-Anaya, Ma. Isabel Reyes-Valderrama, Rosa A. Vázquez-García, Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Geophysics And Geology Keywords: rare earths; platinum; SEDEX ore body; rift mega structure; transgression

Online: 2 March 2018 (08:58:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0193.v1

Spatiotemporal Characterization of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and CDOM-DOC Relationships for Highly-Polluted River

Sijia Li, Jiquan Zhang, Guangyi Mu, Hanyu Ju, Rui Wang, Danjun Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: chromophoric dissolved organic matter; polluted waters; optical properties; Yinma River watershed

Online: 23 August 2016 (10:35:36 CEST)

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Spectral characteristics of CDOM in water column are a key parameter for bio-optical modeling. Knowledge of CDOM optical properties and spatial discrepancy based on the relationship between water quality and spectral parameters in Yinma River watershed with in situ data collected highly-polluted waters are exhibited in this study. Seasonal field data sets collected over a period of 2 months in 2015 in Yinma River Watershed. Based on the comprehensive index method, the riverine waters showed serious contamination, especially the COD, Fe, Mn, Hg and DO were out of range contamination warning. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total suspended matter (TSM) with prominent non-homogenizing were significantly high in the riverine waters, but chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was opposite. Ternary phase diagram showed that non-algal paritcles absorption played an important role in total non-water light absorption (>50%) in most sampling locations, and mean contribution of CDOM were 13% and 22% in summer and autumn respectively. Analysis of ratio of absorption at 250-365 nm (E_250:365) and spectral slope (S_275-295) indicated that CDOM had higher aromaticity and molecular weight in autumn than in summer, is consistent with the results of water quality and relative contribution. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the environmental variables OSM had a strong correlation with CDOM absorption, followed by heavy metal, e.g., Mn, Hg and Cr⁶⁺. However, for the specific UV absorbance (SUVA₂₅₄), the seasonal values showed opposite results compared with the reported literature. The potential reasons were the more UDOM (uncolored Dissolved Organic Matter) from human source (wastewater effluent) existed in waters. Terrigenous inputs simultaneously are in relation to the a_CDOM(440)-DOC relationship with the correlation coefficient was 0.90 in summer (2-tailed, p<0.01), and 0.58 in autumn (2-tailed, p<0.05). Spatial distribution of CDOM parameters exhibited that the downstream regions focused on dry land have high CDOM molecular weight and aromatic hydrocarbon. Partial sampling locations around the cities or countries generally showed abnormal values due to terrigenous inputs. As a bio-optical model parameter, spectral characteristic of CDOM is helpful in adjusting the derived algorithms in highly-polluted environments. The study on organic carbon and pollutants in highly-polluted waters had an important contribution to global carbon balance estimation and water environment protection.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0003.v1

Simulated and In Situ Frost Heave in Seasonally Frozen Soil from a Cold Temperate Broad-leaved Korean Pine Forest

Maosen Lin, Anzhi Wang, Dexin Guan, Changjie Jin, Jiabin Wu, Fenghui Yuan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: seasonally frozen soil; frost heave; soil moisture content; soil type; freezing depth; soil porosity

Online: 1 August 2016 (09:47:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0202.v1

Remote Sensing and Data Mining Techniques for Assessing the Urban Fabric Vulnerability to Heat Waves and UHI

Flavio Borfecchia, Vittorio Rosato, Emanuela Caiaffa, Maurizio Pollino, Luigi De Cecco, Luigi La Porta, Simone Ombuen, Lorenzo Barbieri, Federica Benelli, Flavio Camerata, Valeria Pellegrini, Andrea Filpa

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: HR satellite remote sensing; urban fabric vulnerability; UHI & heat waves; landsat & MODIS sensors; LST & urban heating; segmentation & objects classification; data mining; feature extraction & selection; stepwise regression & model calibration

Online: 24 August 2016 (10:19:40 CEST)

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Densely urbanized areas, with a low percentage of green vegetation, are highly exposed to Heat Waves (HW) which nowadays are increasing in terms of frequency and intensity also in the middle-latitude regions, due to ongoing Climate Change (CC). Their negative effects may combine with those of the UHI (Urban Heat Island), a local phenomenon where air temperatures in the compact built up cores of towns increase more than those in the surrounding rural areas, with significant impact on the quality of urban environment, on citizens health and energy consumption and transport, as it has occurred in the summer of 2003 on France and Italian central-northern areas. In this context this work aims at designing and developing a methodology based on aero-spatial remote sensing (EO) at medium-high resolution and most recent GIS techniques, for the extensive characterization of the urban fabric response to these climatic impacts related to the temperature within the general framework of supporting local and national strategies and policies of adaptation to CC. Due to its extension and variety of built-up typologies, the municipality of Rome was selected as test area for the methodology development and validation. First of all, we started by operating through photointerpretation of cartography at detailed scale (CTR 1: 5000) on a reference area consisting of a transect of about 5x20 km, extending from the downtown to the suburbs and including all the built-up classes of interest. The reference built-up vulnerability classes found inside the transect were then exploited as training areas to classify the entire territory of Rome municipality. To this end, the satellite EO HR (High Resolution) multispectral data, provided by the Landsat sensors were used within a on purpose developed "supervised" classification procedure, based on data mining and “object-classification” techniques. The classification results were then exploited for implementing a calibration method, based on a typical UHI temperature distribution, derived from MODIS satellite sensor LST (Land Surface Temperature) data of the summer 2003, to obtain an analytical expression of the vulnerability model, previously introduced on a semi-empirical basis.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0220.v2

Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of Shrimp Farming in the Philippines: A Critical Analysis Using PRISMA

Edison D. Macusi, Darshel Ester P. Estor, Elaine Q. Borazon, Misael B. Clapano, Mudjiekeewis D. Santos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Environmental Science Keywords: Aquaculture; environmental impacts; PRISMA; shrimp aquaculture; socioeconomic impacts

Online: 21 February 2022 (10:48:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0061.v1

A Satellite View of the Atmospheric Dry Intrusion and its Influences on the Mid-Latitude Disastrous Weather

Yi-xuan Shou, Feng Lu, Shaowen Shou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: dry intrusion; Stratosphere-troposphere exchange; mid-latitude; satellite

Online: 18 September 2016 (10:27:56 CEST)

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Environmental and Earth Sciences