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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0429.v1

Polyethylene Identification in Ocean Water Samples by Means of 50 Kev Energy Electron Beam

John. I Adlish, Davide Costa, Enrico Mainardi, Piero Neuhold, Riccardo Surrente, Luca J. Tagliapietra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Microplastics; Polyethylene Ocean Water; Microplastics identification; Microorganisms identification; Ocean Water quality; Drinking water; Food quality; Cancer and microplastics; plastic and ocean; particle physics; particle accelerators in environmental studies.

Online: 18 September 2020 (11:03:59 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0597.v1

A Review of Published and Unpublished Findings from 20 Long-term Monitoring Studies of Eastern Monarch Butterflies: the Population was Never in Danger, Despite Recent Winter Colony Declines

Andrew Davis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: monarch butterflies; Danaus plexippus; population status; conservation; long-term studies; milkweed limitation

Online: 28 October 2020 (15:32:14 CET)

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There are a large number of wildlife and insect species that are in trouble on this planet, and most believe that monarch butterflies in eastern North America are too, because of the well-publicized declines of their winter colonies in central Mexico in the last 25 years. A small number of studies over the last decade have cast doubt on this claim by showing declines are not evident at other stages of the annual cycle. To determine how extensive this pattern is, I conducted an exhaustive review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on (eastern) monarch population censuses and studies, conducted across all seasons, and extracted data from these sources to evaluate how monarch abundance has or has not changed over time. I identified 20 collections of data that included butterfly club reports, compilations of citizen-science observations, migration roost censuses, long-term studies of isotopic signatures, and even museum records. These datasets range in duration from 15 years to over 100 years, and I endeavored to also update each with information from the most current years. I also re-examined the winter colony data after incorporating historical records of colony measurements dating back to 1976. This represents the most complete and up-to-date synthesis of information regarding this population. When I examined the long-term trajectory within each dataset a distinct pattern emerged. Modest declines are evident within the winter colonies (over the full 45 year dataset), and, within three censuses conducted during the spring recolonization. Meanwhile, 16 completely separate monitoring studies conducted during the summer and fall (and from varying locations) revealed either no trend at all or in fact an increase in abundance. While each of these long-term studies has inherent limitations, the fact that all 16 sources of data show the same pattern is undeniable. Moreover, this evidence is consistent with recently-conducted genetic work that shows a lack of decline. Collectively, these results indicate that despite diminishing winter colonies and spring migrations, monarchs in eastern North America are capable of rebounding fully each year, implying that milkweed is not limiting within their collective range. Moreover, there is no indication from these data that the summer population was ever truly diminished by changing agricultural practices in the Midwest that reduced milkweed in crop fields within that region. It is possible that the larger population is not as dependent on Midwestern agricultural milkweed as once thought, and/or that monarchs are adapting to increasingly human-altered landscapes. These results are timely and should bear on the upcoming USFWS decision on whether the monarch requires federal protection in the United States. Importantly, they argue that despite losses of many insects globally, the eastern North American monarch population is not in the same situation.

Working Paper REVIEW

Biological Invasion Theories: Merging Perspectives from Population, Community and Ecosystem Scales

Olivier Chabrerie, François Massol, Benoit Facon, Romain Thevenoux, Manon Hess, Romain Ulmer, Jelena H Pantel, Julie BRASCHI, Laurent Amsellem, Sylvie Baltora-Rosset, Aurélie Tasiemski, Frédéric Grandjean, Patricia Gibert, Matthieu Chauvat, Laurence Affre, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Frédérique Viard, Estelle Forey, Laurent Folcher, Thomas Boivin, Elise Buisson, David M. Richardson, David Renault

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: non-native populations; geographic expansion; invasiveness; invasibility; dispersal; phenotypic plasticity; evolution; historical ecosystem; hybrid ecosystem; novel ecosystem

Online: 30 October 2019 (07:13:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0383.v1

Synthetic Biology for Terraformation: Lessons from Mars, Earth and the Microbiome

Nuria Conde-Pueyo, Blai Vidiella Rocamora, Josep Sardanyes, Miguel Berdugo, Fernando Maestre, Victor de Lorenzo, Ricard Sole

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: terraformation; Mars; evolution; microbiome; synthetic biology; drylands; hypercycles; restoration ecology

Online: 29 December 2019 (13:23:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0048.v1

Beyond Biodiversity: Can Environmental DNA (eDNA) Cut It as a Population Genetics Tool?

Clare Adams, Michael Knapp, Neil J. Gemmell, Gert-Jan Jeunen, Michael Bunce, Miles Lamare, Helen R. Taylor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: sampling methodology; mtDNA; mitochondrial DNA; conservation; biodiversity; populations; genetics

Online: 5 February 2019 (10:03:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0205.v1

Nitrogen Removal in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Estimated Using the First-Order Kinetic Model

Lijuan Cui, Wei Li, Yaqiong Zhang, Jiaming Wei, Yinru Lei, Manyin Zhang, Xu Pan, Xinsheng Zhao, Kai Li, Wu Ma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: horizontal subsurface flow wetland; N removal; first-order kinetics; model

Online: 25 August 2016 (08:48:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0154.v1

Vegetation Structure and Carbon Stocks of Two Protected Areas Within the South-Sudanian Savannas of Burkina Faso, West Africa

Mohammad Qasim, Stefan Porembski, Dietmar Sattler, Katharina Stein, Adjima Thiombiano, Andre Lindner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: carbon stock assessment; protected areas; savannas; degradation; woody vegetation; West Africa

Online: 15 August 2016 (12:06:29 CEST)

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Savannas and adjacent vegetation types like gallery forests are highly valuable ecosystems contributing to several ecosystem services including carbon budgeting. Financial mechanisms such as REDD+ have provided an opportunity for developing countries to alleviate poverty through conservation of its forestry resources. For availing this opportunity carbon stock assessments are essential. Therefore, a research study at two protected areas i.e. Nazinga Game Ranch and Bontioli Nature Reserve, in Burkina Faso was conducted with the objective of assessing carbon Mg C ha-1 in aboveground biomass (AGB)dry of trees in different formations of the south-sudanian savanna in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Similarly analysis of various vegetation parameters was also conducted to understand the overall vegetation structure of these two protected areas. For estimating AGBdry, existing allometric equation for dry tropical woody vegetation types was used. The Importance Value Index (IVI) and Family Importance Value (FIV) were estimated through standard procedures. Various linear and non-linear regression analyses were conducted to test the relationships between carbon and other parameters such as DBH, height and basal area (BA). The results showed that both sites collectively contain mean carbon of 3.41 ± 4.98 Mg C ha-1. Amongst different vegetation types, gallery forests recorded the highest mean carbon of 9.38 ± 6.90 Mg C ha-1. The highest IVI of 115.56 at Nazinga Game Ranch was recorded for Anogeissus leiocarpa. Similarly, highest IVI of 98.59 was recorded for Mitragyna inermis at Bontioli Nature Reserve. The highest FIV was recorded for Combretaceae for both of the sites. To our knowledge, this was the first study conducted to assess the carbon stocks at the two protected areas in southern Burkina Faso. The study therefore was an attempt for addressing the knowledge gap particularly on carbon stocks of protected savannas. It could serve as a baseline for carbon stocks for future initiatives such as payment for environmental services and REDD+ at these areas.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0088.v1

Coupling Fine-Scale Root and Canopy Structure Using Ground-Based Remote Sensing

Brady S. Hardiman, Christopher M. Gough, John R. Butnor, Gil Bohrer, Matteo Detto, Peter S. Curtis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: canopy; root; biomass; spatial wavelet coherence; radar; lidar

Online: 21 October 2016 (06:05:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0045.v1

Biodiversity of Bangladesh

Sharif A. Mukul, Shekhar R. Biswas, A. Z. M. Manzoor Rashid

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: biodiversity loss; conservation; deforestation; Bangladesh

Online: 14 February 2017 (03:08:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0074.v1

Larval Survivorship and Settlement of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) at Varying Chlorophyll Concentrations

Morgan S. Pratchett, Symon Dworjanyn, Benjamin Mos, Ciemon F. Caballes, Cassandra A. Thompson, Shane Blowes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Acanthaster; coral reefs; food limitation; larval competency; planktonic larval duration (PLD)

Online: 14 November 2016 (07:49:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0336.v1

Can Nature-Based Solutions Deliver a Win-Win for Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation?

Isabel Key, Alison Smith, Beth Turner, Alexandre Chausson, Cécile Girardin, Megan MacGillivray, Nathalie Seddon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: nature-based solutions; climate change adaptation; biodiversity; ecosystem-based adaptation

Online: 23 October 2021 (14:19:30 CEST)

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Nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognised for their potential to address both the climate and biodiversity crises. These outcomes are interdependent, and both rely on the capacity of NbS to support and enhance the health of an ecosystem: its biodiversity, the condition of its abiotic and biotic elements, and its capacity to function normally despite environmental change. However, while understanding of ecosystem health outcomes of nature-based interventions for climate change mitigation is growing, the outcomes of those implemented for adaptation remain poorly understood with evidence scattered across multiple disciplines. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of the outcomes of 109 nature-based interventions for climate change adaptation using 33 indicators of ecosystem health across eight broad categories (e.g. diversity, biomass, ecosystem functioning and population dynamics). We showed that 88% of interventions with positive outcomes for climate change adaptation also reported measurable benefits for ecosystem health. We also showed that interventions were associated with a 67% average increase in local species richness. All eight studies that reported benefits in terms of both climate change mitigation and adaptation also supported ecosystem health, leading to a triple win. However, there were also trade-offs, mainly for forest management and creation of novel ecosystems such as monoculture plantations of non-native species. Our review highlights two major limitations of research to date. First, only a limited selection of metrics are used to assess ecosystem health and these rarely include key aspects such as functional diversity and habitat connectivity. Second, taxonomic coverage is poor: 67% of outcomes assessed only plants and 57% did not distinguish between native and non-native species. Future research addressing these issues will allow the design and adaptive management of NbS to support healthy and resilient ecosystems, and thereby enhance their effectiveness for meeting both climate and biodiversity targets.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0119.v1

Arthropods as Vertebrate Predators: A Review of Global Patterns

Jose Valdez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: predator-prey; insects; arthropods; entomology; herpetology; species interactions; predation

Online: 10 February 2020 (05:29:27 CET)

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Arthropod predators preying on vertebrates is generally overlooked in ecological studies, as it is not typically observed in nature and generally considered a rare event. This is likely due to the cryptic nature of these predatory events, the relatively small size of arthropods, and the difficulty in collating published data which is scattered throughout the literature. Although arthropods are known to readily hunt and consume vertebrates, very little is known about these predatory events. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to provide a conceptual framework, identify global patterns, and create a searchable database of arthropod preying on vertebrates. This study represents the largest global assessment of arthropod predators and vertebrate prey with over a thousand recorded observations collated from over 80 countries across every continent except Antarctica, where no arthropod predator exists. Arthropod predators were represented by six classes (insects, arachnids, centipedes, and crustaceans: Malacostraca, Ostracoda, Hexanauplia) and over 80 families. Vertebrate prey were represented by five classes (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish) and 160 families. The most common prey were frogs consisting of over a third of all observations. The most commonly preyed reptiles were nearly all lizards, half of mammal prey were bats, nearly a third of fish were Cypriniformes, and half of bird prey were passerines. Spiders represented over half of all predatory events found and were the main predator for all vertebrates except birds, which were preyed mostly upon praying mantises. However, prey varied between spider families. For insects, true bugs (Hemiptera) and beetles preyed mostly on amphibians while the aquatic Odonata larvae preyed on amphibians and fish. Decapod predators were observed preying equally between reptiles, birds, and amphibians; with centipedes preying mainly on reptiles and mammals. Predation was mostly recorded from the Americas and Australia, with countries and regions varying between predator and prey groups. This study demonstrates that arthropods are indeed an overlooked predator of vertebrates. Recognizing and quantifying these predator-prey interactions is vital for identifying patterns and the potential impact of these relationships on shaping vertebrate populations and communities. Understanding the possible threat of arthropod predators may be especially important to improve the success of conservation efforts by accounting for predators which may currently be overlooked.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0198.v1

Assessment of Range Land Degradation, Major Causes, Impacts, and Alternative Rehabilitation Techniques in Yabello Rangelands Southern Ethiopia

Yeneayehu Fenetahun, Xinwen Xu, Yongdong Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Yabello rangeland; degradation; rehabilitation techniques; encroachment

Online: 11 July 2018 (11:56:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1010008.v1

Origin of the 16S Ribosomal Molecule from Ancestor tRNAs

Savio Torres de Farias, Thais Gaudêncio Rêgo, Marco V. José

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: 16S rRNA; proto-tRNAs; evolution; translation system; origins

Online: 13 February 2019 (00:00:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0016.v1

Illegal Hunting of Prey Species in the Northern Section of Bardia National Park, Nepal: Implications for Carnivore Conservation

Babu Bhattarai, Wendy Wright, Ambika Khatiwada

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Bardia; carnivore; illegal hunting; prey; wild meat

Online: 2 November 2016 (07:03:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0124.v1

Selective Feeding and Microalgal Consumption Rates by Crown-of-Thorns Seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris) Larvae

Camille Mellin, Claire Lugrin, Ken Okaji, David S. Francis, Sven Uthicke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: electivity; feeding behavior; filtration rate; Great Barrier Reef; phytoplankton

Online: 24 November 2016 (11:27:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0076.v1

30 Years of Research on Crown-of-thorns Starfish (1986-2016): Scientific Advances and Emerging Opportunities

Morgan S. Pratchett, Ciemon F. Caballes, Jennifer C. Wilmes, Samuel Matthews, Camille Mellin, Hugh P.A. Sweatman, Lauren E. Nadler, Jon Brodie, Cassandra A. Thompson, Jessica Hoey, Arthur R. Bos, Maria Byrne, Vanessa Messmer, Sofia Valero-Fortunato, Carla C.M. Chen, Alexander C.E. Buck, Russell C. Babcock, Sven Uthicke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Acanthaster; coral reefs, disturbance; management; population outbreaks; research priorities

Online: 22 August 2017 (10:20:00 CEST)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.3390/sci1020050

Mechanical Energy before Chemical Energy at the Origins of Life?

Helen Hansma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: origin of life; origins of life; mechanical energy; mechanochemistry; work; entropic forces; mica; biotite; Muscovite; wet/dry cycles; clay

Online: 16 August 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0160.v1

Multilevel Factors Affecting the Route Decision for Foraging in the Generalist ant Pheidole oxyops

Diego Santana Assis, Giovanni Abrami Rodrigues Camargo, Fabio Santos do Nascimento

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: multilevel factors; sit-and-wait foraging; active foraging

Online: 12 April 2018 (06:19:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0074.v1

Solar Green Roofs: A Unified Outlook Twenty Years On

Rosaria Ciriminna, Francesco Meneguzzo, Mario Pecoraino, Mario Pagliaro

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: solar energy; solar green roof; energy transition; biosolar roof; green roof; air pollution

Online: 7 February 2019 (13:02:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020046

Origin of the 16S Ribosomal Molecule from Ancestor tRNAs

Savio de Farias, Thais Rego, Marco José

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: 16S rRNA; proto-tRNAs; evolution; translation system; origins

Online: 9 August 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0495.v1

From Genes to Genomes: Opportunities and Challenges for Synteny-based Phylogenies

Jacob Steenwyk, Nicole King

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: phylogenomics; synteny; chromosomes; long-read sequencing; tree of life; orthology; phylogenetic trees; incongruence

Online: 7 September 2023 (07:21:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0092.v1

Estimating Density and Temperature Dependence of Juvenile Vital Rates Using a Hidden Markov Model

Robert M. McElderry

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Anaea aidea; caterpillar demography; multi-state mark-recapture; state-space model; stage-structured matrix

Online: 18 December 2016 (09:33:13 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0030.v1

Warming and Eutrophication Effects on Phytoplankton Community of Two Tropical Systems with Different Trophic States—An Experimental Approach

Andreia Maria Da Anunciação Gomes, Marcelo Manzi Marinho, Marcella Coelho Berjante Mesquita, Ana Carolina Coelho Prestes, Miquel Lürling, Sandra Maria Feliciano De Oliveira E Azevedo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: global warming; nutrients addition; cyanobacterial blooms; eutrophic systems; oligo-mesotrophic systems

Online: 3 May 2017 (09:39:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0215.v1

Deadwood Density and Moisture Variation in a Natural Temperate Spruce-Fir-Beech Forest

Tomáš Přívětivý, Petr Baldrian, Pavel Šamonil, Tomáš Vrška

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: downed deadwood; decay stage; decomposition; wood density; wood moisture

Online: 30 May 2017 (09:04:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0156.v1

The Report of Marine Life Genomic Research

Guangyi Fan, Jianwei Chen, Tao Jin, Chengcheng Shi, Xiao Du, He Zhang, Yaolei Zhang, Hanbo Li, Ting Luo, Pengxu Yan, Guang Liu, Xiangqun Chi, Xiaoxuan Tan, Liangwei Li, Guilin Liu, Xiaochuan Liu, Shijie Hao, Kai Han, Xiaoyun Huang, Shuai Sun, Jing Zhou, Mengjun Yu, Lingfeng Meng, Yue Chang, Rui Zhang, Kaiqiang Liu, Mengqi Zhang, Yong Zhao, Chang Li, Jiao Guo, Xinyu Guo, Jiahao Wang, Meiqi Lv, Haoyang Gao, Yujie Liu, Yue Song, Shengjun Wang, Yang Deng, Binjie Ouyang, Jinzhong Lin, Yingjia Yu, lynn Fink, Xianwei Yang, Xun Xu, Xin Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Marine microorganisms, marine fungi, algae, marine plants, marine invertebrates, marine vertebrates, genome, metagenome

Online: 12 December 2018 (15:44:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0233.v1

The Evolution of Grooming and Hand Use in Primates: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Alexander Dunkel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: primate hand use; primate grooming; manual grooming; object manipulation; primate evolution; oral grooming; object play; tool use; Machiavellian Intelligence; Bayesian decision theory

Online: 20 September 2019 (06:39:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0041.v1

The Role of Glacial-Interglacial Climate Change in Shaping the Genetic Structure of Eastern Subterranean Termites in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

Chaz Hyseni, Ryan Garrick

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Approximate Bayesian computation; demographic history; distributional shift; evolutionary history; machine learning; phylogeography; range contraction; range expansion; Reticulitermes flavipes; species distribution modeling

Online: 4 February 2019 (16:47:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0096.v1

Successes of Restoration and Its Effect on the Fish Community in a Freshwater Tidal Embayment of the Potomac River, USA

Kim De Mutsert, Amanda Sills, C. J. Carroll Schlick, R. Christian Jones

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: fish assemblages; community dynamics; alternate stable states; eutrophication; submerged aquatic vegetation; nutrient load reduction; point-source pollution

Online: 11 May 2017 (07:54:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0415.v1

Vegetation Structural Complexity and Biodiversity Across Elevation Gradients in the Great Smoky Mountains

Jonathan Walter, Atticus Stovall, Jeff Atkins

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: LiDAR: structural complexity; species richness; topography

Online: 23 April 2020 (14:59:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0252.v1

From Sequence to Information

Ovidiu Popa, Ellen Oldenburg, Oliver Ebenhöh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: data; sequence; information; entropy; genome; gene; proteins; time-series; modeling; meta-genomics; transcriptomics; proteomics; bioinformatics; DNA

Online: 22 November 2019 (02:28:15 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

A Novel Threat-Abatement Framework Confirms an Urgent Need to Limit Habitat Loss and Improve Management of Invasive Species and Inappropriate Fire Regimes for Australia’s Threatened Species

Stephen G. Kearney, James E. M. Watson, April E. Reside, Diana O. Fisher, Martine Maron, Tim S. Doherty, Sarah M. Legge, John C. Z. Woinarski, Stephen T. Garnett, Brendan A. Wintle, Euan G. Ritchie, Don A. Driscoll, David Lindenmayer, Vanessa M. Adams, Michelle S. Ward, Josie Carwardine

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Biodiversity; Conservation; Extinction; Threat management; Habitat retention; Protected Areas.

Online: 19 October 2020 (11:08:56 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0342.v1

You are Welcome Here: Considerations of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for Embracing New Ecologists

Bonnie M. McGill, Madison J. Foster, Abagael N. Pruitt, Samantha Gabrielle Thomas, Emily R. Arsenault, Janaye Hanschu, Kynser Wahwahsuck, Evan Cortez, Kaci Zarek, Terrance D. Loecke, Amy J. Burgin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Undergraduate research experience; diversity; equity; inclusion; science communication

Online: 12 November 2020 (11:31:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0220.v1

3D Printing for Ecology and Evolution: A Hands-on Guide to Turn an Idea into Reality

Nicolas Schtickzelle, Estelle Laurent, Thibaut Morel-Journel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: 3D printing; 3D scanning; customized ecological objects; methods; stereolithography; open-source lab

Online: 12 March 2020 (14:46:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0106.v1

Comparative Assessment of Age, Growth and Food Habit of the Black-Chinned Tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppell, 1852), from Closed and Open Lagoons, Ghana

Cephas Kwesi Zuh, Seth Mensah Abobi, Benjamin Betey Campion

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Ghana; lagoon; tilapia; fish growth; otoliths; age; food

Online: 12 February 2019 (17:14:54 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0178.v2

Ecological Drivers of Species Distributions and Niche Overlap for Three Subterranean Termite Species in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

Chaz Hyseni, Ryan Garrick

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: biodiversity; biogeography; competitive exclusion; ecological niche model; molecular taxonomic identification; PCR-RFLP; Reticulitermes; saproxylic; species richness

Online: 17 January 2019 (03:55:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0205.v1

Effect of Different Salinities Gradient on Fatty Acid Composition, Growth, Survival and Reproductive Performance of Moina macrocopa (Straus 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera)

Nadiah Wan Rasdi, Hidayu Suhaimi, Atsushi Hagiwara, Mhd. Ikhwanuddin, Mazlan A. Ghaffar, Amirah Yuslan, Syarifah Najuwa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: freshwater zooplankton; Moina; salinity tolerance; NaCl; fatty acid

Online: 21 June 2019 (08:12:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0278.v1

Ecosystems Monitoring Powered by Environmental Genomics: A Review of Current Strategies with An Implementation Roadmap

Tristan Cordier, Laura Alonso Sáez, Laure Apotheloz-Perret-Gentil, Eva Aylagas, David A. Bohan, Agnès Bouchez, Anthony Chariton, Simon Creer, Larissa Fruhe, François Keck, Nigel Keeley, Olivier Laroche, Florian Leese, Xavier Pochon, Thorsten Stoeck, Jan Pawlowski, Anders Lanzén

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: biomonitoring; metabarcoding; environmental DNA; biodiversity; implementation strategy; ecosystem management

Online: 24 January 2020 (11:01:41 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0327.v1

Biological Invasion Theories: Merging Perspectives from Population, Community and Ecosystem Scales

Olivier Chabrerie, François Massol, Benoit Facon, Romain Thevenoux, Manon Hess, Romain Ulmer, Jelena H Pantel, Julie Braschi, Laurent Amsellem, Sylvie Baltora-Rosset, Aurélie Tasiemski, Frédéric Grandjean, Patricia Gibert, Matthieu Chauvat, Laurence Affre, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Frédérique Viard, Estelle Forey, Laurent Folcher, Thomas Boivin, Elise Buisson, David M. Richardson, David Renault

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: non-native populations; geographic expansion; invasiveness; invasibility; dispersal; phenotypic plasticity; evolution; historical ecosystem; hybrid ecosystem; novel ecosystem

Online: 29 October 2019 (10:06:11 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1646.v1

Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Conservation Biology: Scales, Attractors and Critical Points

Ricard Sole

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Scaling laws; biodiversity; habitat loss; ecological networks; tipping points

Online: 26 October 2023 (03:41:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0186.v2

Quantifying the National Significance of Local Areas for Regional Conservation Planning: North Carolina’s Mountain Treasures

R. Belote, G. Hugh Irwin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: biodiversity; connectivity; ecological integrity; Mountain Treasures; protected areas; Southern Appalachian Mountains

Online: 29 May 2017 (10:58:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0551.v1

Framework and Guidelines for Conducting Risk Analyses for Alien Species

Sabrina Kumschick, John R Wilson, Llewellyn C. Foxcroft

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Risk analysis, risk assessment, biological invasions, regulations, policy, risk management

Online: 22 November 2018 (14:44:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0205.v1

Dynamic Evolution Hypothesis of Organisms

Yonghua Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Diminished fitness return, mutation rate tuning, Darwinian evolution; neutral evolution; punctuated equilibrium; unified evolutionary theory

Online: 17 December 2018 (16:10:52 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0520.v1

The Ecology of Plant Interactions: A Giant with Feet of Clay

Ciro Cabal, Ricardo Martínez-García, Fernando Valladares

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Biotic interactions; Community ecology; Ecological modelling; Ecological patterns and processes; Spatial ecology; Theoretical ecology

Online: 22 September 2020 (10:39:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0640.v1

Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions

Peter H. W. Biedermann, Jean-Claude Grégoire, Axel Gruppe, Jonas Hagge, Almuth Hammerbacher, Richard Hofstetter, Dineshkumar Kandasamy, Miroslav Kolarik, Martin Kostovcik, Paal Krokene, Jörg Müller, Aurélien Sallé, Diana L. Six, Tabea Turrini, Dan Vanderpool, Michael Wingfield, Claus Bässler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: European spruce bark beetle, Ips, Dendroctonus, global change, symbiosis, natural enemies, population dynamics, biotic interactions, tree killing, forest pest

Online: 26 October 2018 (16:30:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0303.v1

The Strawberry Line’s Breeding Birds and their Biophilic Benefits (Vale of Winscombe Section)

Lincoln Garland

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Breeding birds; bird diversity; birdsong; biophilic; mental wellbeing; Nature’s Fix; Strawberry Line; Vale of Winscombe; Mendip Hills

Online: 13 September 2020 (23:51:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0183.v1

Enhancements of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Nitrogen Acquisition of Chrysanthemum morifolium under Salt Stress

Yanhong Wang, Minqiang Wang, Yan Li, Aiping Wu, Juying Huang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza; Chrysanthemum morifolium; N acquisition; Salt stress

Online: 30 October 2017 (15:32:49 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0078.v1

Derivations of the Core Functions of the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology

Alexander Brummer, Erica Newman

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: information entropy, information theoretics, macroecology, metabolic theory, scaling, species abundance distribution, species-area relationship

Online: 7 May 2019 (11:24:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0061.v1

Forests and Emerging Infectious Diseases: Unleashing the Beast Within

Jean-Francois Guegan, Ahidjo Ayouba, Julien Cappelle, Benoit de Thoisy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Forests; Emerging infectious diseases; Disease transmission; Human pathogen; Environmental impacts

Online: 6 April 2020 (14:06:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0696.v1

Microplastics in Freshwater Systems: A Review on Its Accumulation and Effects on Fishes

Asif Raza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: microplastics, sources, ecotoxicological, accumulation, freshwater

Online: 29 October 2018 (16:23:38 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0520.v2

The Ecology of Plant Interactions: A Giant with Feet of Clay

Ciro Cabal, Ricardo Martínez-García, Fernando Valladares

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Biotic interactions; Ecological modeling; Plant facilitation; Plant community ecology; Spatial ecology; Theoretical ecology.

Online: 15 January 2021 (12:37:06 CET)

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Ecologists use the net biotic interactions among plants as a major factor to predict other ecosystem features, such as species diversity, community structure, or plant atmospheric carbon uptake. By adopting this approach, ecologists have built a giant body of theory founded on observational evidence. However, growing evidence points out that this may not be the right approach. The literature addressing the biophysical mechanisms underlying the plant interactions is much scarcer. A rising number of scientists claim the need for a mechanistic understanding of plant interactions due to the limitations that a phenomenological approach raises both in empirical and theoretical studies. Scattered studies have recently taken such a mechanistic approach, but we still lack a general theoretical framework to study mechanistically plant interactions. In this review, we first recapitulate the elementary units of plant interactions, i.e., all the known biophysical processes affected by the presence of an influencing plant and the possible phenotypic responses of plants influenced by those processes. Second, we discuss how a net interaction between two plants emerges from the simultaneous effect of these elementary units. Third, we touch upon the spatial and temporal variability of the net interaction and discuss the links between this variability and the underlying biophysical processes. We conclude by discussing how to integrate these processes into a mechanistic framework for plant interactions that must necessarily focus on the individual scale and explicitly incorporate the spatial structure of the community and environmental factors: the plant interaction models (PIM). A PIM incorporates a pair or few plants interacting with their physical environment so that the biotic interaction is not imposed but emerges from the model. This type of model can provide concise, mechanistic hypotheses to be tested empirically. This review calls for a paradigm shift in the ecology of plant interactions, from the classic species interaction study towards a more mechanistic individual-level approach. It also presents a comprehensive foundation for studying the mechanisms underpinning the net interaction between two plants.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0018.v1

Comparing Measures of Community Lineage Diversity across North American Forests

Kyle G. Dexter, Ricardo A. Segovia, Andy Griffiths

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: temperate forests; species richness; community lineage diversity; phylogenetic diversity; United States; trees; TILD

Online: 2 February 2019 (03:24:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0051.v1

Is Fundulus heteroclitus Intrusion Depleting Winter Marsh Pools of Native Fish Species?

Renata Gonçalves, Joana Cruz, Radhouan Ben-Hamadou, Maria Alexandra Teodósio, Ana Dulce Correia, Luís Chícharo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Guadiana estuary; salt marsh; non-indigenous species (NIS); anthropogenic pressures; habitat degradation

Online: 13 September 2017 (09:25:30 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0197.v1

A Consideration of the Relationship between Animals and Their Environment

Ian G. Colditz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: affordance; umwelt; agency; active inference; allostasis; immune cognition; situated Darwinism; information; entropy; free energy principle

Online: 30 November 2017 (09:02:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0018.v2

Comparing Measures of Community Lineage Diversity across North American Forests

Kyle G. Dexter, Ricardo A. Segovia, Andy Griffiths

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: temperate forests; species richness; lineage diversity; phylogenetic diversity; United States; trees; TILD

Online: 13 February 2019 (10:15:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0145.v5

Shark conservation: Analysis and synthesis

Ila France Porcher, Brian W Darvell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Shark conservation; finning

Online: 28 January 2022 (11:13:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0082.v1

Multidimensional Structural Characterization is Required to Detect and Differentiate Among Moderate Disturbance Agents

Jeff W. Atkins, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Robert T. Fahey, Brady S. Hardiman, Lisa Haber, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Elizabeth LaRue, Brenden McNeil, David A. Orwig, Atticus E. S. Stovall, Jason Tallant, Jonathan A. Walter, Christopher M. Gough

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: ecology; disturbance; forest ecosystems; lidar; disturbance detection; forest structure

Online: 8 November 2019 (03:31:45 CET)

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The study of vegetation community and structural change has been central to ecology for over a century, yet how disturbances reshape the physical structure of forest canopies remains relatively unknown. Moderate severity disturbance including fire, ice storms, insect and pathogen outbreaks, affects different canopy strata and plant species, which may give rise to variable structural outcomes and ecological consequences. Terrestrial lidar (light detection and ranging) offers an unprecedented view of the interior arrangement and distribution of canopy elements, permitting the derivation of multidimensional measures of canopy structure that describe several canopy structural traits with known linkages to ecosystem functioning. We used lidar-derived canopy structural measured within a machine learning framework to detect and differentiate among various disturbance agents, including moderate severity fire, ice storm damage, age-related senescence, hemlock woolly adelgid, beech bark disease, and chronic acidification. We found that disturbance agents such as fire and ice storms primarily affected the amount and position of vegetation within canopies, while acidification, pathogen and insect infestation, and senescence altered canopy arrangement and complexity. Only two of the six disturbance agents significantly reduced leaf area, indicating that this commonly quantified canopy feature is insufficient to characterize many moderate severity disturbances. Rather, measures of canopy structure, including those that describe multidimensional change, are needed to characterize disturbance at moderate severities because structural changes from these events are spatially and quantitatively variable. Our findings suggest that standard disturbance detection methods, such as optical based remote sensing platforms, may currently be limited in their ability to detect, differentiate, and characterize disturbance. Further, we conclude that a more broadly inclusive definition of ecological disturbance that incorporates multiple aspects of canopy structure change will improve the modeling, detection, and prediction of functional implications of moderate severity disturbance.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0090.v1

Estimating the Size of Dog Populations in Tanzania to Inform Rabies Control

Maganga Sambo, Katie Hampson, Joel Changalucha, Sarah Cleaveland, Tiziana Lembo, Kennedy Lushasi, Eberhard Mbunda, Zacharia Mtema, Lwitiko Sikana, Paul Johnson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: dog-mediated rabies; transects; dog ownership; mass dog vaccination

Online: 5 July 2018 (08:59:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0227.v1

Rewetting of Three Drained Peatlands Drives Congruent Compositional Changes in Pro- and Eukaryotic Soil Microbiomes through Environmental Filtering

Micha Weil, Haitao Wang, Mia Bengtsson, Daniel Köhn, Anke Günther, Gerald Jurasinski, John Couwenberg, Wakene Negassa, Dominik Zak, Tim Urich

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: peatland management; microbiome; methanogens; dissolved organic matter; Methylococcaceae; sulfate

Online: 16 February 2020 (16:22:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0186.v1

Quantifying the National Significance of Local Areas for Regional Conservation Planning: North Carolina’s Mountain Treasures

R. Travis Belote, G. Hugh Irwin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: biodiversity; connectivity; ecological integrity; Mountain Treasures; protected areas; Southern Appalachian Mountains

Online: 28 April 2017 (05:19:35 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0063.v1

The Biotechnological Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Marine Bacteria

Boris Andryukov, Valery Mikhailov, Nataly Besednova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: biotechnologies; marine bacteria; secondary metabolites; nonribosomal biosynthesis; antibacterial strategies

Online: 6 May 2019 (12:15:50 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0124.v1

An Updated Checklist of Globally Threatened Species in Bhutan as listed in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Tej Kumar Nepal, Miss Manita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Threatened; Conservation; Biodiversity

Online: 3 February 2021 (16:07:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0180.v1

Filtration Conditions for the Removal of Organic Matter in Eutrophic Waters by Freshwater Mussels Using Response Surface Methodology

Hwan-Seok Choi, Young-Hyo Kim, Hyuk Lee, David C. Aldridge, Baik-Ho Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: current; filtration rate; freshwater bivalve; mussel size; response surface methodology; Sinanodonta woodiana

Online: 19 January 2018 (06:41:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0236.v1

Impacts of The Invasive Seaweed Asparagopsis armata Exudate on Rockpool Invertebrates

Carla O. Silva, Sara C. Novais, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Carlos Barata, Marco F.L. Lemos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Behaviour; Ecotoxicology; Invasive Species; Gibbula Umbilicalis; Palaemon Elegans; Tidal Pools

Online: 10 August 2020 (05:02:51 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0057.v1

Ecology of the Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus): A Review of Knowledge and Current Gaps

Marta Guntiñas, Jorge Lozano, Rodrigo Cisneros, Aurelio F. Malo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Andean fox; canids; carnivore ecology; Neotropical region; top predator; wolves

Online: 5 July 2020 (09:06:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0139.v1

On the Statistical Mechanics of Alien Species Distribution

michael G. bowler, Colleen K. kelly

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: statistical mechanics; resource partitioning; stochastic processes; population dynamics

Online: 22 November 2017 (06:31:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0207.v1

Carbon Sequestration and Soil Restoration Potential of Grazing Lands under Exclosure Management in a Semi-Arid Environment of Northern Ethiopia

Tsegay Gebregergs, Zewdu K. Tessema, Negasi Solomon, Emiru Birhane

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: above-ground carbon stock; below-ground carbon stock; soil nutrients; exclosure

Online: 26 March 2018 (08:17:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0555.v1

Influence of Invasive Species on Ecological Succession Routes in Disturbed Seasonal Dry Tropical Forests in Southeastern Mexico

Alberto Jean-Baptiste, Pedro A. Macario, Gerald Alexander Islebe, Benedicto Vargas-Larreta, Luciano Pool, Mirna Valdez-Hernández, Jorge Omar López-Martínez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: alternative states; secondary succession; tropical dry forest; Pteridium aquilinum

Online: 24 October 2018 (07:48:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0163.v1

Sublethal Effects of Wild-Type and a vIF-2α-Knockout Frog virus 3 on Post-Metamorphic Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica)

Joe-Felix Bienentreu, Leon Grayfer, Dannah M. Schock, Matthew Guerreiro, Stephanie J. DeWitt-Orr, Jacques Robert, Craig R. Brunetti, David Lesbarreres

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Ranavirus; FV3; vIF-2α knockout mutant; bath exposure; wood frog; sublethal effects; reservoir host

Online: 15 March 2019 (11:58:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0351.v1

Spatial Variation in Canopy Structure across Forest Landscapes

Brady S. Hardiman, Elizabeth A. LaRue, Jeff W. Atkins, Robert T. Fahey, Franklin W. Wagner, Chris M. Gough

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: forest structure; macrosystems biology; portable canopy LiDAR; rugosity; transect spatial autocorrelation

Online: 22 June 2018 (06:38:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201912.0249.v1

A Practical Guide for Conducting Calibration and Decision-Making Optimisation with Complex Ecological Models

Stephanie Mahévas, Victor Picheny, Patrick Lambert, Nicolas Dumoulin, Lauriane Rouan, Jean-Christophe Soulié, Dimo Brockhoff, Sigrid Lehuta, Rodolphe Le Riche, Robert Faivre, Hilaire Drouineau

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: optimisation; complex models; calibration; identification; parameter estimation; decision-making; pre-processing; post-processing; tracability

Online: 19 December 2019 (07:15:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0391.v1

Quantifying Raptors' Flight Behavior to Assess Collision Risk and Avoidance Behavior to Wind Turbines

Anne Cathrine Linder, Henriette Lyhne, Bjarke Laubek, Dan Bruhn, Cino Pertoldi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: IdentiFlight; avoidance response; golden eagle; white-tailed eagle; red kite; wind turbine curtailment; flight types

Online: 17 February 2021 (13:04:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0353.v1

Are Eastern and Western Monarch Butterflies Distinct Populations? A Review of Evidence for Ecological, Phenotypic, and Genetic Differentiation and Implications for Conservation

Micah Freedman, Jacobus De Roode, Matthew Forister, Marcus Kronforst, Amanda Pierce, Cheryl Schultz, Orley Taylor, Elizabeth Crone

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: conservation; monarch butterfly; migration; population ecology; population genetics

Online: 16 September 2020 (07:13:35 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0299.v1

Molecular Approach to the Identification and Phylogenetic Biogeography of Snail Telescopium telescopium Using mt-COI Gene Sequences

Satheesh Kumar Palanisamy, Prasanna Kumar Chinnamani, Purushothaman Paramasivam, Umamaheswari Sundaresan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: barcoding; biodiversity; genetics; mollusc; phylogeny; snails; taxonomy

Online: 17 September 2018 (10:30:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0030.v1

Assessing the Species in the CARES Preservation Program and the Role of Aquarium Hobbyists in Freshwater Fish Conservation

Jose W. Valdez, Kapil Mandrekar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: aquarists; aquarium trade; captive-breeding; IUCN red list; ornamental fish; threatened fish; undescribed species

Online: 2 July 2019 (04:18:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0146.v1

Habitat is More Important Than Climate and Animal Richness in Shaping Latitudinal Variation in Plant Diversity

Gao Jie, Liu Yanhong, Du Xue, Marc Bogonovich

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: species richness; latitudinal gradients; water-energy; habitat; animal richness

Online: 11 April 2018 (11:24:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0520.v3

The Ecology of Plant Interactions: A Giant with Feet of Clay

Ciro Cabal, Fernando Valladares, Ricardo Martinez-Garcia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: plant-plant interactions; stress gradient hypothesis; functional trait ecology; inter-plant distance; individual-based models; consumer-resource models

Online: 17 February 2022 (19:37:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0148.v1

Whitebark Pine in the Northern Cascades: Tracking the Effects of Blister Rust on Population Health in North Cascades National Park Service Complex and Mount Rainier National Park

Regina Rochefort, Shay Howlin, Lacey Jeroue, John Boetsch, Lise Grace

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Pinus albicaulis; whitebark pine; blister rust; national park; subalpine; Cascades; mountain pine beetle

Online: 23 February 2018 (11:08:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0057.v1

Ruderal Plants in Urban and Sub-Urban Walls and Roofs

Alperen Meral, Emrah Yalçınalp

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Urbanization, biological diversity, ruderal vegetation, roof, walls

Online: 5 March 2019 (11:34:03 CET)

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Objective: Main purpose of this study is to identify the ruderal plant species which spontaneously grows on the wall and roof surfaces in urban and sub-urban areas due to their limited ecological needs and to contribute to the creating of the sustainable green areas in urban environments by understanding the parameters that ruderals depend on while they require little maintenance and irrigation support if not no. Material and Methods: The main material of this study is the ruderal plants which were collected from totally 60 walls and 36 roof surfaces within six districts of Trabzon city –Akçaabat, Arsin, Çaykara, Of, Ortahisar and Yomra in Turkey. From these 96 habitats, 1540 plants samples form the walls and 448 plant samples from the roofs were collected. All the plant samples collected from the research area were identified in the herbarium of the faculty of forestry in Karadeniz Technical University. Apart from this, parametres affecting coverage rate of common species on three different habitats were analysed.Results: It was found that 448 samples from the roof surfaces distributed into 61 species while 1540 samples from the walls distributed into 196 species. Plus, according to the analyses, 28 species were found on all three different habitats. As a result of the observations, measurements and analyses, it is clear from the study that coverage rate of the plant species depends on anthropogenic interaction, daylight period and depth of the media but there is no relation with the number of the species on the surfaces.Conclusion: Ruderal plants are definitely important to study on, if the world wants the term sustainability to find its real meaning as they require nearly nothing to grow in hard conditions. In urban life, maintenance is getting more and more expensive for green areas in urban life and this makes it difficult for them to survive especially when cities have limited budget on this, which has often occurred all over the world recently. There is no doubt that ruderal plants offer a great opportunity for modern era urban areas with their limited needs to grow in hard conditions. Furthermore, when thinking about the fact a serious amount of the ruderal plants detected on all three basic habitats has a great landscape plant characteristics, the approaches to their usage in urban areas are really critical.

Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0249.v1

New Evidence of Marine Fauna Tropicalization off the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

João Encarnação, Pedro Morais, Vânia Baptista, Joana Cruz, Maria Alexandra Teodósio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: climate change; tropicalization; species distribution; range expansion; North Atlantic

Online: 27 February 2019 (05:14:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0284.v1

Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Fertility and Its Importance in Phytoremediation of Polluted Soil

Abdoulaye Fofana Fall, Grace Nakabonge, Joseph Ssekandi, Hassna Founoune-Mboup, Samuel Obeng Apori, Abibatou Ndiaye, Arfang Badji, Khady Ngom

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Microorganisms; Macro-aggregation; Rock phosphate; Glomalin

Online: 16 September 2021 (13:29:23 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0144.v1

Nitrogen and Carbon Removal Capacity by Farmed Kelp Varies by Species

Schery Umanzor, Tiffany Stephens

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Alaria marginata; common garden; mariculture; ribbon kelp; sugar kelp; Saccharina latissima

Online: 10 March 2022 (10:35:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201902.0261.v1

A Brief Review of Non-Avian Reptile Environmental DNA (eDNA), with a Case Study of Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) eDNA under Field Conditions

Clare I. M. Adams, Luke A. Hoekstra, Morgan R. Muell, Fredric J. Janzen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: turtle; environmental DNA; eDNA; non-avian reptile; review; eDNA guidelines; Chrysemys picata; painted turtle; shedding hypothesis

Online: 28 February 2019 (06:56:28 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0186.v1

The Eukaryotic Last Common Ancestor Was Bifunctional for Hopanoid and Sterol Production

Warren Francis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: sterol; hopanoid; proterozoic; biosynthesis; squalene

Online: 12 April 2020 (08:47:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0084.v1

Investigation of the Synergistic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals on Aliivibrio fischeri in Major River Basins in South Korea

In-hyuk Baek, Youngjun Kim, Seungyun Baik, Jongwoon Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: mixture toxicity; concentration addition; pesticide; pharmaceuticals; Aliivibrio fischeri

Online: 6 December 2018 (11:08:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0151.v1

The Conservation Status of Costa Rican Velvet Worms (Onychophora)

Bernal Morera, Julian Monge-Najera, Paola Carrera Mora

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Peripatidae, conservation status, survival, urban populations, threatened species

Online: 12 December 2018 (14:07:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0083.v1

Succession and Vegetation-Soil Relationship in Quarries of Southeastern Mexico

Mirna Valdez-Hernández, Rossana Gil-Medina, Jorge Omar López-Martínez, Nuria Torrescano-Valle, Nancy Cabanillas-Terán, Gerald Alexander Islebe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: post-mining regeneration; succession; tropical dry forest; post-mining recovery

Online: 6 December 2018 (11:04:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0346.v1

Biological Hotspot larva Ikan Diperairan Estuari Desa Timbulsoko, Demak

Hanityo Nugroho, Sutrisno Anggoro , Ita Widowati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: diversity; ecology; fishes; geoscience

Online: 31 July 2019 (04:40:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0065.v1

Social-Ecological Experiments to Foster Agroecological Transition

Sabrina Gaba, Vincent Bretagnolle

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: agroecology; biodiversity; ecosystem services; post-normal science; socio-ecological systems; sustainability; stakeholders

Online: 6 May 2019 (12:28:18 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Latent GLM Tweedie Distribution in Butterflies Species Counts

Rezzy Eko Caraka, Rung Ching Chen, Toni Toharudin, Isma Dwi Kurniawan, Asmawati S, Doni Ropawandi, Muhammad Fijar, Indra Indra, Muh Fahmi Rustam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: tweedie; glm; species counts; butterfly

Online: 29 September 2019 (02:40:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0038.v1

Responses of Individual Plant Species, Functional Groups, α- and β-Diversity to Short-Term Grazing Exclusion under Severe Drought Episode in Long-Term Grazed Alfa-Steppes

Yacine Kouba, Saifi Merdes, Badreddine Saadali, Haroun Chenchouni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Mediterranean steppes; drylands; alpha diversity; beta diversity; rangeland grazing; indicator species

Online: 5 January 2020 (15:22:33 CET)

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Grazing exclusion has been proved to be one of the main measures for rehabilitating degraded arid steppes. However, the effect of this management practice on plant species diversity and composition is ambiguous, specially under prolonged droughts. Concurrently considering the responses of individual plant species, diversity of functional groups, α-diversity, and β-diversity (and its components) may be crucial to the holistic understanding of grazing exclusion effects on plant communities under drought conditions. Here, we investigated the response of these diversity measures to short-term sheep exclusion under severe drought episode in arid steppes of Alfa-grass (Stipa tenacissima) with a long evolutionary history of livestock grazing. Individual species responses were tested based on species occurrence and abundance in either grazed or grazing-excluded steppes, in addition, we used indicator species analysis to assess the strength of the association between plant species and management type. Likewise, α-diversity, abundance- and incidence-based β-diversity, as well as the functional groups’ diversities were quantified using Hill Numbers and compared between the two management types. Sheep grazing exclusion enabled the recovery of various Alfa-steppe indicator species and improved the size of regional species pool, overall α-diversity, and the diversity of therophytes. This management practice decreased the abundance-based β-diversity and the nestedness-resultant fraction of the incidence-based β-diversity at the local scale, while at the landscape scale increased the abundance-based β-diversity and its balanced variation fraction and reduced the incidence-based β-diversity and its turnover component. Furthermore, protection from grazing altered β-diversities scaling patterns by maintaining higher balanced variation in species abundance at large spatial scale and greater abundance-gradient in species composition at the fine-scale. Our results suggest that the implementation of short-term grazing exclusion in degraded arid steppes would be the appropriate management practice for vegetation restoration and plant diversity conservation during prolonged drought periods.

Working Paper REVIEW

The Boggarts of Biology: How Non-Genetic Changes Influence the Genotype

Laasya Samhita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Non-genetic change, translation errors, phenotypic variability, adaptation, evolution

Online: 13 August 2020 (05:23:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0206.v1

Integrating Environmental Variables by Multivariate Ordination enables the Reliable Estimation of Mineland Rehabilitation Status

Markus Gastauer, Silvio Ramos, Cecílio Caldeira, Leonardo Trevelin, Rodolfo Jaffé, Guilherme Oliveira, Mabel Vera, Eder Pires, Flavia Santiago, Marco Carneiro, Felipe Coelho, Rosilene Silva, Pedro Walfir M. Souza-Filho, José Siqueira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: environmental monitoring; ecological processes; functional diversity; environmental indicators; primers for environmental rehabilitation; Urucum Massif

Online: 18 September 2019 (12:57:40 CEST)

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Despite the wide variety of variables commonly applied to measure different aspects of rehabilitation, the assessment and subsequent definition of indicators of environmental rehabilitation status are not simple tasks. The main challenges are comparing rehabilitated sites with target ecosystems as well as integrating individual environmental and eventually collinear variables into a single tractable measure of the state of a system before effective indicators that track rehabilitation may be modeled. For that, a consensus is lacking regarding which and how many variables need to be surveyed. Our approach considered ecological processes, vegetation structure, and community diversity from nonrehabilitated, rehabilitating and reference sites. We applied this approach to a curated set of 32 environmental variables retrieved from nonrevegetated, rehabilitating and reference sites associated with iron ore mines from the Urucum Massif, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. By integrating variables from a single attribute or the entire set of variables into a single estimation of rehabilitation status, the proposed multivariate approach is straightforward and able to adequately address collinearity among variables. The proposed approach allows for the identification of biases towards single variables, surveys or analyses, which is necessary to rank environmental variables regarding their importance to the assessment. Furthermore, we show that bootstrapping permitted the detection of the minimum number of environmental variables necessary to achieve reliable estimations of the rehabilitation status. Finally, we show that the proposed variable integration enables the definition of environmental indicators for more comprehensive monitoring of mineland rehabilitation. Thus, the proposed multivariate ordination represents a powerful tool to outline the benefits of rehabilitating sites for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services provided that sufficient environmental variables related to ecological processes, diversity and vegetation structure are gathered from nonrehabilitated, rehabilitating and reference study sites. By identifying deviations from predicted rehabilitation trajectories and providing assessments for environmental agencies, this proposed multivariate ordination increases the effectiveness of (mineland) rehabilitation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0006.v1

Castanea sativa Mill. Shells Aqueous Extract Exhibits Anticancer Properties Inducing Cytotoxic and Pro-apoptotic Effects

Nunzio Antonio Cacciola, Giuseppe Squillaci, Mariella D’Apolito, Orsolina Petillo, Francesco Veraldi, Francesco La Cara, Gianfranco Peluso, Sabrina Margarucci, Alessandra Morana

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: chestnut shells; polyphenols; bioactive compounds; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; human cell lines

Online: 1 August 2019 (04:37:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201903.0213.v4

Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) May Affect the Success of Amphibian Conservation Efforts

Jose Valdez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: compensatory habitat, frog, invertebrate, predation, reintroduction, tadpoles

Online: 2 April 2019 (15:25:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0189.v1

Alien Species vs. Native Species: From Community Ecology to Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

Andersonn Silveira Prestes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: exotic species; native communities; biological invasion; dynamics of invasion

Online: 16 April 2019 (12:50:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0049.v1

Characterization of Phosphorus in a Toposequence of Subtropical Perhumid Forest Soils Facing a Subalpine Lake

Yo-Jin Shiau, Chung-Wen Pai, Jeng-Wei Tsai, Wen-Cheng Liu, Rita S.W. Yam, Shih-Chieh Chang, Sen-Lin Tang, Chih-Yu Chiu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Chamaecyparis forest; humic substances, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR); P species; topography

Online: 2 May 2018 (17:07:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0746.v1

Urbanization Effect on the Ant Diversity and Composition in an Arid City

Mahmoud Saleh Abdel-Dayem, Gamal Mohamed Orabi, Mostafa Rizk Sharaf, Jonathan David Majer, Mohammed Khalid Al-Sadoon, Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood, Hathal Mohammed Aldhafer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: abundance; diversity; indicator species; Riyadh, species richness, urbanization; Wadi Hanifa

Online: 28 April 2021 (10:42:11 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0608.v1

Metabarcoding Advances for Ecology and Biogeography of Neotropical Protists: What Do We Know, Where Do We Go?

Camila Duarte Ritter, Arielli Fabrício Machado, Karine Felix Ribeiro, Micah Dunthorn

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: Biogeography; Ecology; Environmental samples; Micro-organisms; Soil biodiversity

Online: 25 July 2020 (11:54:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0557.v1

The Terrestrial Metasystem

Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics Keywords: emergence; complex adaptive systems; ecosystems; biosphere; Gaia

Online: 30 July 2018 (05:11:32 CEST)

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Biology and Life Sciences