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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0089.v1

Serotonin as a Biocultural Molecule: Circular Causality, Stress, and Psychopathology

Caio Maximino

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Serotonin; Chemical imbalance theories of psychopathology; Circular causality; Biocultural psychopathology; Critical neuroscience

Online: 3 August 2022 (11:24:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0055.v1

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents of Children Under Five Years in the United States

Celia B. Fisher, Elise Bragard, Rimah Jaber, Aaliyah Gray

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Psychology Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine hesitancy; young children; parents; health disparities, social determinants

Online: 2 August 2022 (09:22:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0012.v1

Effect of One Belt One Road Initiative (OBORI) Policy on the International Spread of Chinese Brands

Karamoko K.E.H. N'da, Jiaoju Ge, Ren Jifan, Jia Wang

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: International Online Shopping; One Belt One Road Initiative; Chinese Bands; Brand Preference; International Online Consumers

Online: 1 August 2022 (08:41:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0397.v1

A Comprehensive Neuropsychological Study of Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Its Relationship with Psychosocial Functioning: A Biopsychosocial Approach

Moon Fai Chan, Aishwarya Ganesh, Sangeetha Mahadevan, Siham Al-Shamli, Khalid Al-Waili, Suad Al-Mukhaini, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Samir Al-Adawi

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: Familial hypercholesterolemia; Neuropsychological outcomes; Cognition; Health literacy; Quality of Life; Affective ranges; HADS; WHO-QOL BREF; Oman; Famiilial hypercholesterolemia; Neuropsychological outcomes; Cognition; Health Literacy; Affective ranges; HADS; Oman

Online: 26 July 2022 (08:16:04 CEST)

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BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest to view the diagnosis of Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) through the lens of the biopsychosocial model. However, other than a few epidemiological surveys, there is a dearth of studies from emerging economies that have examined FH using the biological, psychological and socio-environmental facets of the aforementioned model. AIM. The three aims of the current study were as follows: (i) to examine the psychosocial status among patients with genetically confirmed FH, (ii) to compare the intellectual capacity and cognitive outcomes with a reference group, and (iii) to examine the relationship between health literacy and cognitive functioning. METHOD: Consecutive FH patients referred to the lipid clinic at a tertiary care center for an expert opinion were recruited into this study, conducted from September 2019 to March 2020. Information regarding psychosocial functioning, health literacy, quality of life, and affective ranges were surveyed. Indices of current reasoning ability (attention and concentration, memory, and executive functioning) were compared with an age-matched reference group. The current hypothesis also explored the impact of FH on health literacy and cognition. RESULT: A total of 70 participants out of 106 (response rate: 66.0%) initially agreed to participate. However, 18 out of 70 dropped out of the study, yielding a final total of 52 FH patients. With 27 (51.9%) males and 25 (48.1%) females, the mean participant age stood at 37.2 years (SD=9.2), ranging from 21 to 52 years of age. In the psychosocial data, thirty-two percent (n=17) of them had anxiety (HADS≥ 8), and twenty-five percent (n=13) had depressive symptoms (HADS≥ 8). The performance of the FH patients was significantly impaired compared to the control group on the indices of current reasoning ability and all domains of cognitive functioning. In univariate analysis conducted to compare cognitive functioning with health literacy status, only indices of attention and concentration emerged as being significant. CONCLUSION: To date, there are only a few studies employing the biopsychosocial paradigm to investigate the FH population. The current study indicates that the FH population is marked by an impediment in almost all of the core features that are characteristically assessed by the biopsychosocial approach.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0369.v1

Can Linking the Recall System to Addiction Enable a Better Understanding of the Dopaminergic Pathway?

Dozie Iwuh

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: Dopaminergic Pathways; Symmetry; Memory; NG Bosons; Addiction

Online: 25 July 2022 (09:38:50 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0326.v1

Self-Enhancement and the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: the Convergence of Clinical and Experimental Findings

Saeed Yasin, Anjel Fierst, Harper Keenan, Amelia Knapp, Katrina Gallione, Tessa Westlund, Sydney Kirschner, Sahana Vaidya, Christina Qiu, Audrey Rougebec, Elodie Morss, Jack Lebiedzinski, Maya Dejean, Julian Paul Keenan

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Frontal Cortex; PFC; Self-enhancement; Self-deception; SE

Online: 21 July 2022 (10:55:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0319.v1

Profiles of Motor-cognitive Interference in Parkinson's Disease. The Trail-Walking-Test to Discriminate between Motor Phenotypes

Thomas J. Klotzbier, Nadja Schott, Quincy J. Almeida

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: dual-task; Trail-Walking Test; gait disorder; diagnosis; motor-cognitive interference; Parkinson's disease

Online: 21 July 2022 (08:57:20 CEST)

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Background and Aims. Most research on Parkinson's disease (PD) focuses on describing symp-toms and movement characteristics. Studies rarely focus on the early detection of PD and the search for suitable markers of a prodromal stage. Early detection is important, so treatments that may potentially change the course of the disease can be attempted early on. While gait disturb-ances are less pronounced in the early stages of the disease, the prevalence, and severity increase with disease progression. Therefore, postural instability and gait difficulties could be identified as sensitive biomarkers. The aim was to evaluate the discriminatory power of the Trail-Walking Test (Schott, 2015) as a potential diagnostic instrument to improve the predictive power of the clinical evaluation concerning the severity of the disease and record the different aspects of walking. Methods. 20 older healthy (M = 72.4 years, SD = 5.53) adults and 46 older adults with PD and the motor phenotypes postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD; M = 69.7 years, SD = 8.68) and tremor dominant (TD; M = 68.2 years, SD = 8.94) participated in the study. The participants performed a motor-cognitive dual task (DT) of increasing cognitive difficulty in which they had to walk a given path (condition 1), walk to numbers in ascending order (condition 2), and walk to numbers and letters alternately and in ascending order (condition 3). Results. With an increase in the cognitive load, the time to complete the tasks (seconds) become longer in all groups, F(1.23, 73.5) = 121, p < .001, ɳ2p = .670. PD-PIGD shows the longest times in all conditions of the TWT, F(2, 60) = 8.15, p < .001, ɳ2p = .214. Mutual interferences in the cognitive and motor domain can be observed. How-ever, clear group-specific patterns cannot be identified. A differentiation between the motor phenotypes of PD is especially feasible with the purely motor condition (TWT-M; AUC = . 685, p = 0.44). Conclusions. PD patients with PIGD must be identified by valid, well-evaluated clinical tests that allow a precise assessment of the disease's individual fall risk, the severity of the dis-ease, and the prognosis of progression. The TWT covers various aspects of mobility, examines the relationship between cognitive functions and walking, and enables differentiation of the motor phenotypes of PD.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0316.v1

Neurological Outcomes Following Mitoquinone Supplementation in Mice, 3 and 7 Days Post Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mohammad Amine Reslan, Maya Jammoul, Leila Nasrallah, Maha Tabet, Marya El-Kurdi, Sarin Mekhjian, Judith Nwaiwu, Mona Goli, Yehia Mechref, Kevin K Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Riyad El Khoury

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: acute injury; antioxidant; behavior; mitochondria; mitoquinone; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; repeated mild TBI

Online: 21 July 2022 (08:17:28 CEST)

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion accounts for the bulk of all head injuries and represents a major health concern. Although an mTBI event may not manifest in neurobehavioral impairment, repeated injuries, known as repeated mTBI (rmTBI), can result in a cumulative effect that may progress to long-term cognitive and functional deficits. To date, there is no FDA-approved drug for TBI in general and rmTBI in particular. In previous studies, we have demonstrated the neuroprotective role of mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondrial antioxidant, in an open head injury model and a model of repeated mild TBI (rmTBI) at a chronic time point (30 days). In this work, we set out to assess the neuroprotective potential of MitoQ at acute (3 days) and subacute time points (7 days) post-injury in a controlled cortical impact model of rmTBI. C57BL/6 male mice were injected intraperitoneally with MitoQ (5 mg/kg) one hour after the first mTBI, and three days after the first injury in both the 3-day and 7-day MitoQ + rmTBI subgroups, with an additional injection four days after the second injection in the 7-day group. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) while gross and fine motor functions were evaluated by the pole climbing, grip strength, and ladder rung tests. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining was performed to evaluate oxidative stress while qRT-PCR was used to measure the gene expression of different antioxidant enzymes. Also, immunofluorescence staining was performed on brain tissue to assess the degree of microgliosis and astrocytosis. Our results showed that MitoQ conferred significant protection on days 3 and 7 post-injury against fine motor function impairment induced by rmTBI. Moreover, MitoQ enhanced cognitive function and reduced astrogliosis, microgliosis, and levels of oxidative stress on day 7 post-injury. However, antioxidant gene expression generally remained unaffected. In light of our results, MitoQ administration may be considered a preventive approach that helps to alleviate the neurological manifestations associated with rmTBI early before symptoms progress to long-term deficits.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0246.v1

Motivated, Willing, and Able: Non-Cognitive Factors Influence Complex Problem Solving Performance beyond Cognitive Ability

Arabella Charlotte Vaughan, Damian Patrick Birney, Kirill Fayn

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: complex problem solving; microworlds; personality; investment traits; within-individual variabil-ity; performance trajectories

Online: 18 July 2022 (03:43:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0233.v1

The Influence of Organizational Justice on the Turnover Intention of Primary and Secondary School Teachers: The Importance of Sustainable Salary Management

Houyu Zhou, Jianhong Ma

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Applied Psychology Keywords: primary and middle school teachers; justice; organizational justice; salary satisfaction; turnover intention; China

Online: 15 July 2022 (12:45:37 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0092.v3

Consciousness and Life after Death in the Evolution of Intelligence

Kande Lekamalaya Senarath Dayathilake

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: Cognitive psychology; determinism; materialism; new physics; theoretical hypothesis; thought ex-periment; ultraquantum particles

Online: 14 July 2022 (04:17:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0165.v1

Do Sex Hormones Influence the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect?

Brian K Foutch

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect; luminance; brightness; saturation; contraception; menstrual cycle; hormones

Online: 12 July 2022 (03:53:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0154.v1

Cholinergic Pharmacotherapy in Post-stroke Aphasia: A Review

Marina Katsari, Georgia Angelopoulou, Nikolaos Laskaris, Constantin Potagas, Dimitrios Kasselimis

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: post-stroke aphasia; pharmacotherapy; cholinergic treatment

Online: 11 July 2022 (08:58:05 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0132.v1

Overview of Conditions that Immediately Reduce Stuttering and A Unifying Account for Their Effect

Torsten Hesse

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: developmental stuttering; attention; auditory feedback

Online: 8 July 2022 (05:24:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0092.v1

Distribution, Assessment, and Source of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Qinjiang River, China

Shuncun Zhang, Bo Chen, Junru Du, Tao Wang, Haixin Shi, Feng Wang

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: Heavy metals; Risk assessment; Source analysis; Surface sediment; Qinjiang River

Online: 6 July 2022 (08:57:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0044.v1

The Association of Partner Type Instability with Sexual Orientation Incongruity among Sexual Minorities in Britain: Findings from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyle 2010-2012

D. Paul Sullins, Steph James

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: sexual orientation; sexual fluidity; British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles

Online: 4 July 2022 (09:29:47 CEST)

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Background: Previous study of sexual minorities has documented both instability in the sex of sex partners and incongruity among all three dimensions of sexual orientation (attraction, behavior and identification), but no attempt has been made to relate the two. How, if at all, does past change affect present incongruity? This study attempts, for the first time, to examine this question. Method: Using a representative probability sample of the British population (n = 15,162), the current dimensions of sexual orientation were compared across changes in sex partner type—opposite-sex only (O/Sex), same-sex only (S/Sex), or both opposite-sex and same-sex (B/Sex)— over three time periods—before 5 years ago (Time 1), 5 years to 1 year ago (Time 2), and the past year (Time 3)—for the nonheterosexual population. Differences and trends in population-weighted percentage frequencies stratified by sex were assessed by t-test or inspection of 95% confidence intervals. Results: Overall incongruity and instability were high: 74% of men and 85% of women did not report congruent lifetime sexual attraction, behavior and identification; of persons reporting any same-sex sex partners at Time 1, 82% reported a different partner type at Time 3. Most change (80% for women, 84% for men) involved a single partner type transition (transience) rather than multiple changes (fluidity) and movement toward increased heterosexual orientation (69%; 65% to O/Sex partners. From Time 1 to Time 3, 19% of persons with S/Sex partners moved to O/Sex partners; 0.1% of persons with O/Sex partners moved to S/Sex partners. Instability moderately reduced already high incongruity for the majority moving toward increased heterosexual orientation, but increased already low incongruity for the minority moving toward increased same-sex orientation. Among presently S/Sex partnered persons (comprising 12% of sexual minorities), incongruity was reported by 1.4% of persons with stable partnership history and 11% of persons with unstable partnership history (p=.0052). For all except presently S/Sex partnered persons (comprising 88% of sexual minorities), incongruity was reported by 97% of persons with stable partnership history and 86% of persons with unstable partnership history (p=.0000). Conclusion: For most sexual minority persons, partner type instability contributed to a modest reduction of high sexual minority orientation incongruity after moving toward increased heterosexual practice. Among current S/Sex partnered persons, however, instability strongly increased incongruity between identification and behavior or attraction. These results are consistent with minority stress theory but inconsistent with homosexual immutability, and counsel caution regarding legal restrictions on support for sexual minority persons moving toward increased heterosexual partnership.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0418.v1

Transformational Leadership and Workplace Engagement in Education: Implications of a Meta-analysis for Educational Leadership Research

James Pounder

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: transformational leadership; workplace engagement; education; meta-analysis; endogeneity; causal studies

Online: 30 June 2022 (07:43:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0391.v1

The Survey Measure of Psychological Safety and Its Association with Mental Health and Job Performance: a Validation Study and Cross-Sectional Analysis

Natsu Sasaki, Akiomi Inoue, Hiroki Asaoka, Yuki Sekiya, Daisuke Nishi, Akizumi Tsutsumi, Kotaro Imamura

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: occupational health; leadership; mental health; workplace climate; worksite

Online: 29 June 2022 (03:27:08 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0092.v2

Consciousness and Life after Death in the Evolution of Intelligence

Kande Lekamalaya Senarath Dayathilake

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: Cognitive psychology; determinism; materialism; new physics; theoretical hypothesis; thought ex-periment; ultraquantum particles

Online: 29 June 2022 (03:15:06 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0386.v1

Toward Understanding Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development in Developing and Emerging Economies: A Review

Rabie Said, M. Ishaq BHATTI, Ahmed Hunjra

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: Emerging economies; Economic development; Renewable and sustainable energy

Online: 28 June 2022 (10:43:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0267.v1

Investigating the Relationship between Facial Mimicry and Empathy

Yevgeniya Kovalchuk, Elizabeta Budini, Robert Cook, Andrew Walsh

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: affective computing; empathy; facial mimicry; facial recognition technology; deep learning

Online: 20 June 2022 (10:08:13 CEST)

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Facial expressions play a key role in interpersonal communication when it comes to negotiating our emotions and intentions, as well as interpreting those of others. Research has shown that we can connect to other people better when we exhibit signs of empathy and facial mimicry. However, the relationship between empathy and facial mimicry is still debated. Among the factors contributing to the difference in results across existing studies is the use of different instruments for measuring both empathy and facial mimicry, as well as often ignoring the differences across various demographic groups. This study first looks at the differences in empathetic abilities of people across different demographic groups based on gender, ethnicity and age. The empathetic ability is measured based on the Empathy Quotient capturing a balanced representation of both emotional and cognitive empathy. Using statistical and machine learning methods, the study then investigates the correlation between the empathetic ability and facial mimicry of subjects in response to images portraying different emotions displayed on a computer screen. Unlike the existing studies measuring facial mimicry using electromyography, this study employs a technology detecting facial expressions based on video capture and deep learning. This choice was made in the context of increased online communication during and post the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study confirm the previously reported difference in the empathetic ability between females and males. However, no significant difference in the empathetic ability was found across different age and ethnic groups. Furthermore, no strong correlation was found between empathy and facial reactions to faces portraying different emotions shown on a computer screen. Overall, the results of this study can be used to inform the design of online communication technologies and tools for training empathy team leaders, educators, social, and health care providers.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0215.v1

Perceived Health Inequalities: Do the UK and US Public Accurately Estimate Socioeconomic Health Inequality, and Do they Wish to See It Reduced?

Emma Bridger, Angela Hewett, David Comerford

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: socioeconomic health inequality; public awareness; social class; life expectancy

Online: 15 June 2022 (08:17:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0204.v1

Both Rudimentary Visualization and Prototypical Sonification can Serve as a Benchmark to Evaluate New Sonification Designs

Tim Ziemer, Holger Schultheis

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: sonification evaluation, auditory display evaluation, visualization

Online: 14 June 2022 (11:10:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0194.v1

Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory on Stunting Children in the Perspective of Philosophy

Aini Alifatin

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Psychology Keywords: Children; Growth; Development Modeling; Role Modeling; Stunting

Online: 14 June 2022 (05:28:12 CEST)

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Stunting, during the Covid-19 pandemic, is increasingly becoming a big problem in the world, especially in poor and developing countries. Observational studies have shown that stunting is associated with poor nutrition, especially a plant-based diet, inflammation, caused by infection, enteric dysfunction, an environment with clean water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and endogenous inflammation associated with excess adiposity. This causes nutritional interventions to be often unsuccessful (Kemenkes RI, 2018).The government intervenes to reduce stunting to the target party, which is divided into two categories. The first category is specific nutrition intervention, namely monitoring children under five at the posyandu, giving immunizations, giving vitamin A, giving Supplementary Foods (PMT), and others. The second category is sensitive nutrition interventions, namely the provision of drinking water and proper sanitation, postnatal family planning (KB) services, providing information related to stunting, food social assistance, conditional cash assistance, and others. (KEMEN-PMK, 2018). WHO states, that the impact of stunting can be divided into short-term and long-term impacts. The short-term impacts are; increased incidence of morbidity and mortality; cognitive, motor, and verbal development in children is not optimal; and increased healthcare costs. While the long-term impact; Posture that is not optimal as an adult (shorter than usual); Increased risk of obesity and other diseases; The decline in reproductive health; Less than optimal learning capacity and performance during school years; and Low productivity and work capacity (Kemenkes RI, 2018). The nursing goal is to help people achieve quality, holistic health. Implementation of Modeling and Role Modeling Theory is an option in implementing nursing care for children with stunting. “Modeling” is gaining an understanding of the client’s world from the client’s perspective. That is to build a “model” of the client’s worldview. “Role‑Modeling” is based on the assumption that all humans want to interact with others, they want to carry out selected roles in society. Role-Modeling is using the client’s model of the world to plan interventions that meet his or her perceived needs, grow, develop and heal. Role-Modeling requires that we aim to build trust, promote a positive orientation and a sense of control, affirm strengths and set specific mutual goals.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0185.v1

A-REST (Activity to Reduce Excessive Sitting Time): A Feasibility Trial to Reduce Prolonged Sitting in Police Staff

Marsha L. Brierley, Lindsey R. Smith, Angel M. Chater, Daniel P. Bailey

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: Sitting; intervention; feasibility; office workers; behaviour change wheel; police; QR codes; activity breaks; cardiometabolic risk; behaviour change; wellbeing

Online: 13 June 2022 (10:45:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0127.v1

Digital Transition in Rural Emergency Medicine: Impact of Job Satisfaction and Workload on Communication and Technology Acceptance

Joachim Hasebrook, Leonie Michalak, Dorothea Kohnen, Bibiana Metelmann, Camilla Metelmann, Peter Brinkrolf, Steffen Flessa, Klaus Hahnenkamp

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Applied Psychology Keywords: telemedicine; emergency medicine; emergency medical services; workload; work job satisfaction; technology acceptance; knowledge sharing; Dunning-Kruger effect

Online: 8 June 2022 (11:32:45 CEST)

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Background: Tele-emergency physicians (TEPs) take an increasingly important role in the need-oriented provision of emergency patient care. To improve emergency medicine in rural areas, we set up the project Land|Rettung (English: Rural|Rescue), which uses TEPs to restructure professional rescue services using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in order to reduce the therapy-free interval. Successful implementation of ICTs relies on user acceptance and knowledge sharing behavior. Methods and findings: We conducted a factorial design with active knowledge transfer and technology acceptance as a function of work satisfaction (high vs. low), workload (high vs. low) and point in time (prior to vs. after digitalization). Data were collected via machine readable questionnaires issued to 755 persons (411 pre, 344 post), of which 304 or 40.3% of these persons responded (194 pre, 115 post).Technology acceptance was higher after the implementation of TEP for nurses but not for other professional groups, and it was higher when the workload was high. Regarding active communication and knowledge sharing, employees with low work satisfaction are more likely to share their digital knowledge as compared to employees with high work satisfaction. Additional and more detailed analyses reveal that this is an effect of previous knowledge concerning digitalization. After implementing the new technology, work satisfaction increased for the more experienced employees, but not for the less experienced ones. Results are discussed considering the Dunning-Kruger effect. The Dunning-Kruger effect describes a cognitive bias. People with high expertise often underestimate their actual skill level. They have a more critical attitude towards their performance and feel the urgent need to fill possible knowledge gaps they notice. Conclusions: Our research illustrates that employees’ workload has an impact on the intention of using digital applications. The higher the workload, the more people are willing to use TEPs. Regarding active knowledge sharing, we see that employees with low work satisfaction are more likely to share their digital knowledge compared to employees with high work satisfaction. This might be attributed to the Dunning-Kruger effect. Highly knowledgeable employees initially feel uncertain about the change, which translates into temporarily lower work satisfaction. They feel the urge to fill even small knowledge gaps, which in return leads to higher work satisfaction. Those responsible need to acknowledge that digital change affects their employees’ workflow and work satisfaction. During such times, employees need time and support to gather information and knowledge in order to cope with digitally changed tasks.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0108.v1

Neuropsychological Findings in Adults with Triple X Syndrome

Maarten Otter, Bea Campforts, Connie TRM Stumpel, Thérèse Van Amelsvoort, Claudia Vingerhoets, Marjan Drukker

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: Triple X syndrome; Adults; Neurocognitive functioning; Sex Chromosomal Disorders; Attention; Psychomotor speed; Executive functioning

Online: 7 June 2022 (11:26:18 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0092.v1

Consciousness and Life after Death in the Evolution of Intelligence

Senarath Dayathilake Kande Lekamalaya

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: Cognitive psychology; determinism; materialism; new physics; theoretical hypothesis; thought ex-periment; ultraquantum particles

Online: 7 June 2022 (03:57:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0023.v1

Innate Health: A Novel Examination of What Explains Well-being, Prosocial Behavior, and Aggression among Men Living in a UK Prison

Jeanne Catherine, Adriaan Denkers, Anita McGinty

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: well-being; innate health; positive psychology; mental health; three principles; self-control; pro-social behaviors; criminology; incarcerated men; prisoners; inmates

Online: 2 June 2022 (02:57:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0359.v1

Divergent Conceptualization of Embodied Emotions in English and Chinese Languages

Pin Zhou, Hugo Critchley, Yoko Nagai, Chao Wang

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: emotion；conceptualization；interoception；afferent；efferent

Online: 26 May 2022 (08:57:02 CEST)

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Empirical and theoretical advances in human neuroscience have led to a reappraisal of the relationships between mind, brain and body, the implications of which are particularly relevant to understanding emotions, which is revealed to be embodied owing to the facts that they are on the one hand primarily arise from the internal bodily states controlled by interoceptive system, on the other they give rise to physiological reactions and physical action evoked by autonomic nervous system. More specifically, when considering the ‘embodied mind’ (i.e., how mental processes are inescapably contextualized by their location within the body), the brain, instead of the ‘master’ of the body, is increasingly revealed to function as the ‘servant’, with its primary goal to maintain the body’s homeostatic integrity. This is achieved through the control of interoceptive information concerning body’s physiological state, initially as ‘simple’ organ-level homeostatic reflexes and then through higher-order coordination across organ-systems allowing ‘allostatic policies’ to predict and maintain future health of the integrated whole ‘biological-self’. In this context, motivational and emotional feelings arise from interoceptive signals that accompany (motivational and emotional) internally-directed physiological responses, and externally-directed behaviors. Emotion concepts are thus the categorized embodied outcomes of bidirectional brain-body interactions and may arguably be differentiated into afferent interoceptive processes, i.e., from body to brain, and efferent/autonomic processes, i.e., from brain to body. When comparing emotion words used in Chinese and English languages, afferent/interoceptive processes seem to dominate conceptualization of embodied emotions in Chinese, while the efferent processes feature more commonly in English. The presence of distinct conceptual systems relating to emotions may, according to the linguistic relativity hypothesis as well as the theory of constructed emotion, significantly shape the distinct values and ‘national character’ of Chinese and English–speaking cultures. Correspondingly, it is argued that, in the expression of affective traits, Chinese-speaking people are biased towards being more receptive, reflective and adaptive, whereas native English speakers may tend to be more reactive, proactive and interactive. These patterns also encompass functions historically ascribed to bodily organs by traditional Chinese and ancient Greek medicine.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0339.v1

Small Hands - Big Battles: Challenges Encountered by Indian children and the Approaches Implemented by the Indian Government to Alleviate Them during COVID-19 Pandemic

Latika Chugh, Rahul Ravichandran

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: digital-divide; malnutrition; child psychology; child-labor; COVID-19; India

Online: 25 May 2022 (03:49:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0338.v1

Psychometric Properties of the Spontaneity Assessment Inventory-Revised (SAI-R): The 3-Factor Hypothesis

Paulo Martins, António José Gonzalez, Margarida Pedroso de Lima, António Rosado

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: Psychodrama; Spontaneity; Psychological tests

Online: 25 May 2022 (03:48:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0331.v1

Educational Play-Based Activities with Coderbot in a Pediatric Short-Term Recovery Ward: A Case Study Intervention

Marco Castiglioni, Cristina Liviana Caldiroli, Alessandro Antonietti

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: Robot-based activities; hospitalized children; psychological health; well-being; CoderBot; positive emotion; single-setting

Online: 24 May 2022 (10:16:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0176.v2

Differences and Similarities in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake among Municipalities in Flanders, Belgium

Allegra Ferrari, Ngan Thuy Tran, Sarah Hoeck, Marc Peeters, Mathieu Goossens, Guido Van Hal

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: colorectal cancer screening; breast cancer screening; BC; CRC; cancer prevention; cancer screen-ing; FOBT; mammography; Flanders

Online: 20 May 2022 (12:03:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0270.v1

Generalized and Specific Problematic Internet Use in Central Siberia Adolescents: A School-Based Study of Prevalence, Age-Sex Depending Content Structure, and Comorbidity with Psychosocial Problems

Sergey Tereshchenko, Edward Kasparov, Nadezhda Semenova, Margarita Shubina, Nina Gorbacheva, Ivan Novitckii, Olga Moskalenko, Ludmila Lapteva

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: adolescents; Internet addiction; problematic Internet use; game addiction; social media addiction; Russia

Online: 20 May 2022 (08:26:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0268.v1

The Role of HPV Self-Sampling in Cervical Cancer Prevention among Women Living With HIV in Low and Middle-Income Countries: What Do We Know and What Can be Done?

Matthew Asare, Elakeche Abah, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah, Lisa Lowenstein, Beth Lanning

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: HPV self-sampling; cervical cancer; women living with HIV; low- and middle-income coutries

Online: 20 May 2022 (03:40:58 CEST)

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Introduction. Self-sampling has the potential to increase cervical cancer screening (CCS) among women living with HIV (WLWH) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, our understanding of how HPV self-collection studies have been conducted in WLWH is limited. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the extent to which the HPV self-sampling has been applied among WLWH in LMICs. Method: We conducted multiple searches in several databases for articles published between 2000 and January 2022. With the combination of keywords relating to HPV self-sampling, LMICs, and WLWH, we retrieved over 9,000 articles. We used pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria to select relevant studies for this review. Once a study met the inclusion criteria, we created a table to extract each study’s characteristics and classified them under common themes. We used a qualitative descriptive approach to summarize the scoping results. Results: A total of 12 articles were included in the final review. Overall, 3,178 women were enrolled in those studies and 2,105 (66%) of them were WLWH. The self-sampling participation rate was 92.6%. The findings of our study show that 43% of the WLWH in 8 of the studies reviewed tested positive for high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) genotypes, indicating 4 out of 10 WLWH in the studies are at risk of cervical cancer. The prevalence of the hr-HPV in WLWH was 18% higher than that of HIV-negative women. Most women in the study found the self-sampling experience acceptable, easy to use, convenient, and comfortable. Self-sampling performance in detecting hr HPV genotypes is comparable to clinician-performed sampling. However, limited access (i.e., affordability, availability, transportation), limited knowledge about self-screening, doubts about the credibility of self-sampling results, and stigma remain barriers to wide acceptance and implementation of self-sampling. In conclusion, the findings of this review highlight that (a) cervical cancer is a threat to every sexually active woman but for WLWH the threat increases, (b) self-sampling laboratory performance is similar to clinician performed sampling, (c) self-sampling is associated with an increase in cervical cancer screening uptake and (d) WLWH reported a positive experience with self-sampling. However, personal, environmental, and structural barriers challenge the application of self-sampling in LMICs, and these need to be addressed. Keywords: keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3 (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.)

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0181.v1

Transition of Septo-Hippocampal Network Modes between Theta and Non-Theta States

Ivan Mysin, Liubov Shubina

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Teevra cells; Komal cells; medial septum; freely behaving animals; ripples; delta; theta

Online: 13 May 2022 (07:52:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0115.v1

A Faithful Journey. Following a Married Couple’s Religious Trajectory over the Adult Lifespan

Ramona Bullik

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Psychology Keywords: qualitative analysis; deconversion; case study; Faith Development Interview; subjective religiosity; narrative identity; content analysis

Online: 9 May 2022 (10:02:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0080.v1

The Shelter Dog in a One Health View. A Model Kennel in Southern Italy

Danila D’Angelo, Luigi Sacchettino, Angelo Quaranta, Michele Visone, Luigi Avallone, Claudia Gatta, Francesco Napolitano

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: One Health; shelter dog; dog adoption; dog well-being; dog behavior

Online: 6 May 2022 (13:55:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0075.v1

Benefits of Daytime Naps on Consecutive Days for Motor Adaptation Learning

Yusuke Murata, Masaki Nishida, Atsushi Ichinose, Shutaro Suyama, Sumi Youn, Kohei Shioda

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: nap; sleep; motor adaptation; learning; consolidation

Online: 6 May 2022 (10:36:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0186.v2

Genetics, Molecular Control and Clinical Relevance of Habituation Learning

Laura E.R. Blok, Marina Boon, Boyd van Reijmersdal, Kira D. Höffler, Michaela Fenckova, Annette Schenck

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Habituation; Genelist; Molecular pathway; Cognition; Neurodevelopmental disorders

Online: 6 May 2022 (08:58:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0058.v1

Which Front-of-Package Labels Help Indian Consumers Identify and Reduce Unhealthy Food Purchases? A Randomized Field Experiment

S.K. Singh, Lindsey Smith Taillie, Ashish Gupta, Maxime Bercholz, Barry Popkin, Nandita Murukutla

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: warning labels; Health Star Rating; Nutriscore; GDA; food policy; obesity prevention; non-communicable diseases

Online: 6 May 2022 (04:23:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0053.v1

Edcraft: Gamified Handicrafts as an Inspiration for Teenagers to Practice Upcycling

Xin Yee Tan, Kin Meng Cheng, Chin Wei Chong, Ah Choo Koo

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: pro-environmental behaviours; recycling; teenagers’ engagement; gamified learning activities

Online: 5 May 2022 (16:39:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0007.v1

An IPA of Health Perceptions Among Korean and Japanese Adolescents During the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic

Hyun Su Youn, Eui jae Lee, Sokou Riki, Chizuru Mizno, Chulmin Kim, Yoshinori Okade

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: IPA; Covid-19; Health Perceptions; Korean & Japanese Adolescents

Online: 4 May 2022 (12:26:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0306.v1

Relationship between FoMO, Problematic Social Media Use, Self-Esteem, Negative Affectivity and Physical Exercise. A Structural Equation Model

Anastasios Dadiotis, Petros Roussos

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: Fear of missing out; FoMO; social media; Social networking sites; addiction; depression; anxiety; sleep; exercise

Online: 29 April 2022 (13:50:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0246.v1

Adaption of the Meat Attachment Scale (MEAS) to Germany - Interplay with Food Neophobia, Preference for Organic Foods, Social Trust and Trust in Food Technology Innovations

David Kühn, Adriano Profeta, Thomas Krikser, Clara Mehlhose, Christian Kircher, Volker Heinz

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: meat attachment; food neophobia; consumer preference; preference for organic foods

Online: 27 April 2022 (03:45:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0242.v1

Executive Function-Related Improvements on a Commercial CBT-Based Weight Management Intervention: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Andreas Michaelides, Ellen Siobhan Mitchell, Heather Behr, Annabell Suh Ho, Grant Hanada, Jihye Lee, Sue McPartland

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: CBT; obesity; mobile health; executive function; EEG

Online: 26 April 2022 (12:34:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0155.v1

Cardiac-Brain Dynamics Depend on Context Familiarity and Their Interaction Predicts Experience of Emotional Arousal

Sudhakar Mishra, Narayanan Srinivasan, Uma Shanker Tiwary

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: cardiac-brain interaction; context-familiarity; naturalistic paradigm; mixed effect modelling; emotional film; emotional arousal; introception

Online: 18 April 2022 (05:43:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0143.v1

Strengthening Resilience of Family Caregiving for the Elderly through Religious Coping Approach: From Philosophy to Gerontological Family Nursing Practice

Nur Lailatul Masruroh

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Applied Psychology Keywords: Family Resilience; Caregiving; Elderly; Religious Coping; Nursing Philosophy

Online: 15 April 2022 (10:38:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0141.v1

Parental Self-Compassion and Child Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Parental Depressive Symptoms

Rebecca Y. M. Cheung, Zechen Li, Audrey Pui Lam Ho

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: externalizing problems; internalizing problems; parental depression; prosocial behavior; self-compassion

Online: 15 April 2022 (09:11:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0131.v1

Modelling the Impact of Weather and Context Data on Transport Mode Choices: A Case Study of GPS Trajectories From Beijing

Timothy Otim, Leandro Dörfer, Dina Bousdar Ahmed, Estefania Munoz Diaz

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: Air quality; Geolife; Olympics; Traffic demand; Transport planning; Transport regulation

Online: 14 April 2022 (10:25:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0062.v1

Study of how Clinical and Sociodemographic Variables Influence Chemotherapy-Induced Cognitive Deterioration in Women with Breast Cancer

Blanca Rodríguez Martín, Eduardo José Fernández Rodríguez, Celia Sánchez Gómez, Juan Jesus Cruz Hernandez, María Isabel Rihuete Galve

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Chemobrain; Cancer; Cognitive function; Insomnia

Online: 7 April 2022 (14:08:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0372.v1

Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward People Living with HIV among Young Women Migrant Workers in Vietnam

Toan Ha, David Givens, Trang Nguyen, Nam Nguyen

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: HIV; stigmatizing attitudes; women migrant workers; industrial zones; Vietnam

Online: 29 March 2022 (03:36:48 CEST)

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Despite intensive HIV education and prevention efforts in the past years, stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLWH) remain a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes regarding HIV and identifying correlative factors that impact perceptions of PLWH among women migrant workers working in the industrial zones (IZ) in Hanoi, Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1061 women migrant workers aged 18 to 29 from January to November 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH were measured using a four-item scale. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes. Over seventy-six (76.2 %) of the participants reported having at least one of the four stigmatizing attitudes. Greater levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLH were significantly associated with lower HIV knowledge, lower education and being Kinh (the ethnic majority in Vietnam). A high level of stigmatizing attitudes toward PWH among the study participants suggests that there is an urgent need for the development of appropriate culturally interventions and outreach education activities to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward PWH among women migrant workers working in the IZs in Vietnam.Despite intensive HIV education and prevention efforts in the past years, stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLWH) remain a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes regarding HIV and identifying correlative factors that impact perceptions of PLWH among women migrant workers working in the industrial zones (IZ) in Hanoi, Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1061 women migrant workers aged 18 to 29 from January to November 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWH were measured using a four-item scale. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes. Over seventy-six (76.2 %) of the participants reported having at least one of the four stigmatizing attitudes. Greater levels of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLH were significantly associated with lower HIV knowledge, lower education and being Kinh (the ethnic majority in Vietnam). A high level of stigmatizing attitudes toward PWH among the study participants suggests that there is an urgent need for the development of appropriate culturally interventions and outreach education activities to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward PWH among women migrant workers working in the IZs in Vietnam.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0364.v1

A Short and Engaging Adaptive Working Memory Intervention for Children With Developmental Language Disorder: Effects on Language and Working Memory

Lucy A Henry, Emma Christopher, Shula Chiat, David J Messer

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Psychology Keywords: Working memory training; intervention; developmental language disorder; children

Online: 28 March 2022 (13:43:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0349.v1

Moral Observer-Licensing in Cyberspace

Yawei Ran, Yubo Hou, Qi Wang

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Applied Psychology Keywords: Moral observer-licensing; Immoral behavior; Role involvement; Moral Credits Model; Internet; Social media

Online: 25 March 2022 (15:29:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0316.v1

The Collective Mind: An Experimental Analysis of Imitation and Self‑organization in Humans

Emmanuel Olarewaju

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Cognitive & Experimental Psychology Keywords: 1; Social interaction 2; Self-organization 3; Imitation 4; Coordination dynamics 5; Group nor-malization 6; Interpersonal symmetry

Online: 23 March 2022 (12:36:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0313.v1

Enhancing Resilience Regarding Depression, Anxiety and COVID-19 with a Narrative Method of Ordering Memory Effective in Researchers Experiencing Burnout

Carol Nash

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: resilience; depression; anxiety; COVID-19; amygdala; hippocampus; burnout; researchers; narrative; ordering memory

Online: 23 March 2022 (08:51:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0055.v2

The Nine-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS9-SF): Its Psychometric Properties Among Sri Lankan Students and Measurement Invariance Across Sri Lanka, Turkey, Australia, and the USA

Amira Mohammed Ali, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Maha Atout, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Ayman M. Hamdan Mansour, Haitham Khatatbeh, Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees, Amin Omar Hendawy

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019/COVID-19; Internet Gaming Disorder Scale9—Short form (IGDS9-SF); university students; factorial structure/psychometric properties/structural validity/validation; cultur*/collectivisti*/individualis*; invariance; gender; game type

Online: 21 March 2022 (11:04:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0264.v1

Factors Associated with the Suspected Delayed Language Development of Early Childhood in Southern Thailand

Kiatkamjorn Kusol, Namfon Rithipukdee

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Psychology Keywords: factors; suspected delayed language development; early childhood

Online: 18 March 2022 (07:34:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0221.v1

Modelling the Mobility Changes Caused by Perceived Risk and Policy Efficiency: A Case Study in Leeds

Sijin Wu, Susan Grant-Muller, Lili Yang

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: urban mobility; dynamic risk perception; data-driven model; policy analysis

Online: 15 March 2022 (15:56:15 CET)

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In many countries, governments have implemented non-pharmaceutical techniques to limit COVID-19 transmission. Restricting human mobility is one of the most common interventions, including lockdown, travel restrictions, working from home, etc. However, due to the strong transmission ability of the virus variants, further rounds of interventions, including a strict lockdown, are not considered as effective as expected. The paper aims to understand how the lockdown policy and pandemics changed human mobility in the real scenario. Here we focus on understanding the mobility changes caused by compliance with restrictions and risk perceptions, using the mobility index from the Google report during three strict lockdown periods in Leeds, the largest city in the county of West Yorkshire, England from March 2020 to March 2021. The research proposed the time-varying z-scores and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to simulate how local people dynamically process and perceive health risk based on multi-dimensional daily COVID-19 reports first. Further modelling highlights exponentially increasing policy non-compliance through the duration of lockdown, probably attributable to factors such as mental anxiety and economic pressures. Finally, the proposed nonlinear regression model examines the mobility changes caused by the population's dynamic risk perceptions and lockdown duration. The case study at Leeds fits data well and shows that the third lockdown policy took effect much slower than the first. At the same time, the negative impact of the epidemic on population mobility decayed 40% in the third lockdown period in contrast with the first lockdown. The risk perception estimation methods could reflect that the local population became increasingly accustomed to the COVID-19 situation, and local people rationally evaluated the risks of COVID in the third lockdown period. The results prove that simulated risk perceptions and policy decay could explain urban mobility behaviour during the mobility well during lockdown periods, which could be a reference for future decision-making processes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0208.v1

The Rapid Adaptation and Optimisation of a Digital Behaviour Change Intervention to Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 in Schools

Georgia Treneman-Evans, Becky Ali, James Denison-Day, Tara Clegg, Lucy Yardley, Sarah Denford, Rosie Essery

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: behaviour change; digital intervention; COVID-19; school

Online: 15 March 2022 (11:05:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0176.v1

Differences and Similarities in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake Among Municipalities in Flanders, Belgium

Allegra Ferrari, Thuy Ngan Tran, Sarah Hoeck, Marc Peeters, Guido Van Hal

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: colorectal cancer screening; breast cancer screening; BC; CRC; cancer prevention; cancer screening; FOBT; mammography; Flanders

Online: 14 March 2022 (08:48:50 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0116.v1

Mystical Experience

Johannes Bronkhorst

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: mysticism; experience; absorption

Online: 8 March 2022 (05:09:57 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0070.v1

Change in Human (Moral) Decision-Making and Performance with Automation: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly in Human-Automation Interaction

Arthur Prével, Salvatore Lo Bue

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: automation bias; human – automation interaction; human decision-making; level of automation; moral decision

Online: 3 March 2022 (17:28:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0064.v1

Training Computers to See the Built Environment Related to Physical Activity: Detection of Micro-Scale Walkability Features Using Computer Vision

Marc A. Adams, Christine B. Phillips, Akshar Patel, Ariane Middel

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: Computer vision; Google Street View; Built Environment; Walkability; Micro-scale; Deep learning

Online: 3 March 2022 (13:49:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0020.v1

Opportunities and Limitations in the Analysis of Autistic Phenotypes - A Conceptual Review

Éva Mariczáné Csanádi, Ábel Fóthi, Péter Pollner, András Lőrincz, Bálint Kovács

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Psychology Keywords: heterogeneity; autism models; subgroups in autism; ASD-questionnaires; analysis tools

Online: 1 March 2022 (11:51:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0310.v1

Translating the Biology of Rodents’ Sex-Recognition and Mate-Recognition to Humans’: Bridging the Pheromonal-Visual Gap

Yehuda Salu

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Sex-recognition; mate-recognition; sexual orientation; puberty; vomeronasal-organ; VNO; learning sexual behavior; Medial-geniculate-nucleus; MGN; MASH

Online: 24 February 2022 (10:06:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0231.v1

The Application of a Behavior-Based Safety Program at Power Plant Sites: A Pre-Post Study

Jeongmo Yang, YoungGuk Kwon

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: Behavior-Based safety; Critical behavior checklist; Behavioral definition; Intervention; Safe behavior

Online: 18 February 2022 (09:53:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0228.v1

Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating a Digital Gamified Acceptance and Commitment Early Intervention Program for Individuals at High-Risk for Eating Disorders

Maria Karekla, Patrisia Nicolaou, Rhonda Merwin

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: Early-Intervention; High-risk for Eating Disorders; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Gamification; Digital Intervention; Vicarious learning

Online: 18 February 2022 (09:12:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0205.v1

Associations between Taste and Smell Sensitivity, Preference, and Quality of Life in Healthy Aging - The NutriAct Family Study Examinations (NFSE) Cohort

Shirley X. L. Lim, Richard Höchenberger, Niko A Busch, Manuela Bergmann, Kathrin Ohla

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: taste; smell; quality of life; sensitivity; threshold; QUEST

Online: 17 February 2022 (10:00:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0203.v1

Mapping the Contribution of Social Psychologists toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Bibliometric and Content Analysis of Spanish Publications

Flor Sánchez, Daniela De Filippo, Amalio Blanco, María Luisa Lascurain

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals; Social Psychology; scientific publications; Spain

Online: 17 February 2022 (08:17:58 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0271.v2

The Role of Mesothelin Expression in Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Impact on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Target

Giovanna Giordano, Elena Ferioli, Alessandro Tafuni

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: mesothelin; ovarian carcinoma; biomarker; mesothelin-targeting therapy

Online: 9 February 2022 (12:59:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0138.v1

German eHealth Impact Questionnaire for Online Health Information Users with Multiple Sclerosis: Instrument Validation Study

Anna Sippel, Karin Riemann-Lorenz, Jana Pöttgen, Renate Wiedemann, Karin Drixler, Eva Maria Bitzer, Christine Holmberg, Susanne Lezius, Christoph Heesen

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: eHealth; measure; psychometrics; factor analysis; Multiple Sclerosis

Online: 9 February 2022 (11:05:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0323.v2

eHealth-Engagement on Facebook during COVID-19: Simplistic Computational Data Analysis

Caroll Hermann, Melanie Govender

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: social media; netnography; mental health; natural language processing; visualization; data analysis; COVID-19

Online: 8 February 2022 (11:12:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0077.v1

Genetics of Externalizing Behavior and Structural Brain Development in Adolescence

Jalmar Teeuw, Marieke Klein, Nina Roth Mota, Rachel M. Brouwer, Dennis van 't Ent, Zyneb Al-Hassaan, Barbara Franke, Dorret I. Boomsma, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: externalizing behavior; adolescence; gray matter volume; white matter integrity; heritability; genetic correlation; longitudinal; magnetic resonance imaging

Online: 4 February 2022 (15:07:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0074.v1

Affective State Recognition in Livestock – Artificial Intelligence Approaches

Suresh Neethirajan

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: animal emotions; animal welfare; sensors; animal-based measures; affective states; emotion modelling

Online: 4 February 2022 (12:20:22 CET)

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Emotions or affective states recognition in farm animals is an underexplored research domain. Despite significant advances in the animal welfare research, the animal affective computing through the development and application of devices and platforms that can not only recognize but interpret and process the emotions, are in nascent stage. By capitalizing on the immense potential of biometric sensors, the artificial intelligence enabled big data methods substantially offers advancement of animal welfare standards and meet the urgent need of caretakers to respond effectively to maintain the wellbeing of their animals. Farm animals, numbering over 70 billion worldwide, are increasingly managed in large-scale, intensive farms. With both public awareness and scientific evidence growing that farm animals experience suffering, as well as affective states such as fear, frustration and distress, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and accurate methods for monitoring their welfare. At present, there are no scientifically validated ‘benchmarks’ for quantifying transient emotional (affective) states in farm animals, and no established measures of good welfare, only indicators of poor welfare, such as injury, pain and fear. Conventional approaches to monitoring livestock welfare are time consuming, interrupt farming processes and involve subjective judgments. Biometric sensors data enabled by Artificial Intelligence are an emerging smart solution to unobtrusively monitoring livestock, but their potential for quantifying affective states and groundbreaking solutions in their application are yet to be realized. This review provides innovative methods for collecting big data on farm animal emotions, which can be used to train artificial intelligence models to classify, quantify and predict affective states in individual pigs and cows. Extending this to the group level, social network analysis can be applied to model emotional dynamics and contagion among animals. Finally, ‘digital twins’ of animals capable of simulating and predicting their affective states and be-havior in real time are a near-term possibility.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0056.v1

Virtual Reality Technology as an Educational and Intervention Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Perspectives and Future Directions

Minyue Zhang, Hongwei Ding, Yang Zhang

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Applied Psychology Keywords: virtual reality; autism spectrum disorder; education; intervention; childhood and adolescence

Online: 3 February 2022 (15:17:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0055.v1

Measurement invariance of the Nine-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS9-SF) Across Siri Lanka, Turkey, Australia, and the USA

Amira Mohammed Ali, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Maha Atout, Sawsan Abuhammad, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Ayman M. Hamdan Mansour, Haitham Khatatbeh, Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees, Amin Omar Hendawy

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; Internet Gaming Disorder Scale9—Short form (IGDS9-SF); university students; factorial structure/psychometric properties/structural validity/validation; culture; invariance; gender; game type

Online: 3 February 2022 (15:14:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0028.v1

Social Media Addiction and Emotions During the Disaster Recovery Period? – The Moderating Role of Post-COVID Timing

Dewan Muhammad Nur -A Yazdani, Tanvir Abir, Qing Yang, Jamee Ahmad, Abdullah Al Mamun, Noor Raihani Zainol, Kaniz Kakon, Shasha Wang, Kingsley E Agho

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: social media; addiction; anxiety; fear; health issues

Online: 2 February 2022 (10:53:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0469.v1

Smartphone-Guided Educational Counseling and Self-Help for Chronic Tinnitus

Winfried Schlee, Patrick Neff, Jorge Simoes, Berthold Langguth, Stefan Schoisswohl, Heidi Steinberger, Marie Norman, Myra Spiliopoulou, Johannes Schobel, Ronny Hannemann, Rüdiger Pryss

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: tinnitus; self-help; ecological momentary assessment; ehealth; smart-phone; intervention

Online: 31 January 2022 (14:00:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0451.v1

Pain Coping Strategies In Pediatric Patients With Acute Leukemias In The First Month Of Therapy: Effects Of Treatments And Implications On Procedural Analgesia

Marta Tremolada, Giulia Tasso, Roberta Maria Incardona, Manuela Tumino, Maria Caterina Putti, Alessandra Biffi, Marta Pillon

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Psychology Keywords: coping; pain; children; sedation; analgesia; treatment effects

Online: 31 January 2022 (11:43:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0433.v1

Effects Of Cohousing Mice And Rats On Stress Levels And The Attractiveness Of Dyadic Social Interaction in C57BL/6J and CD1 Mice As Well As Sprague Dawley Rats

Gerald Zernig, Hussein Ghareh, Helena Berchtold

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: cohousing; stress; CD1 mouse; C57BL/6J mouse; Sprague Dawley rat; fecal corticosterone or cortisol metabolites; dyadic social interaction; conditioned place preference

Online: 28 January 2022 (11:13:58 CET)

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Rats, including those of the Sprague Dawley strain, may kill mice. Because of this muridical behavior, it is standard practice in many research animal housing facilities to separate mice from rats (i.e., the predators) to minimize stress for the mice. We therefore tested the effect of cohousing on the stress levels of mice from either the C57BL/6J (BL6) or the CD1 strain and Sprague Dawley (SD rat) by determining their fecal corticosterone or cortisol metabolites (FCM) concentration and investigated how cohousing impacts a behavioral assay, i.e., conditioned place preference for intragenus (i.e., mouse-mouse or rat-rat) dyadic social interaction (DSI CPP) that had been shown be sensitive to social factors, especially to handling by humans. We found that the two delivery batches of BL6 mice or SD rats, respectively, had different stress levels at delivery that were statistically significant for the BL6 mice. Even so, the BL6 mice cohoused with rats had significantly increased FCM concentrations, indicative of higher stress levels, as compared to (1) BL6 mice housed alone or (2) BL6 mice at delivery. In contrast to their elevated stress levels, the attractiveness for contextual cues associated with mouse-mouse social interaction (DSI CPP) even increased in rat-cohoused BL6 mice, albeit nonsignificantly. Thus, cohousing BL6 mice and rats did not impair a behavioral assay in BL6 mice that had proved to be sensitive to handling stress by humans in our laboratory. SD rats cohoused with BL6- or CD1 mice and CD1 mice cohoused with SD rats showed DSI CPP that was not different from our previously published data on SD rats and BL6 mice of the Jackson- or NIH substrain obtained in the absence of cohousing. Our findings suggest that the effect of cohousing rats and mice under the conditions described above on their stress levels as opposed to their behavior might be less clearcut than generally assumed and might be overriden by conditions that cannot be controlled, i.e., different deliveries. Our findings can help to use research animal housing resources, which usually are limited, more efficiently.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0368.v2

Mental Disorder Symptoms among Paramedics in a Single Canadian Site

Justin Mausz, Elizabeth Anne Donnelly, Sandra Moll, Sheila Harms, Meghan McConnell

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: Public Safety Personnel; First Responders; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Well-Being; Trauma; Operational Stress Injuries; Post-Traumatic Stress Injuries; Resilience; Peer Support; Paramedics; Emergency Medical Services

Online: 27 January 2022 (13:57:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0422.v1

The Childbirth Fear Questionnaire and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire as Screening Tools for Specific Phobia, Fear of Childbirth

Nichole Fairbrother, Arianne Albert, Fanie Collardeau, Cora Keeney

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: Perinatal Mental Health; Anxiety Disorders; Perinatal Anxiety; Fear of Childbirth; Screening

Online: 27 January 2022 (13:21:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0394.v1

Parenting and the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5HTTLPR), Which Association? A Systematic Review of the Literature

Marta Landoni, Alice Dalla Muta, Sonia Di Tella, Giulia Ciuffo, Paola Di Blasio, Chiara Ionio

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: parenting; 5HTTLPR; serotonin transporter; maternal sensitivity; polymorphism; gene X environment

Online: 26 January 2022 (12:19:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0385.v1

Improved Cognitive Performances in Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 (TAAR5) Knock-out Mice

Silvia Maggi, Carlotta Bon, Stefano Gustincich, Valter Tucci, Raul R Gainetdinov, Stefano Espinoza

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Trace amine-associated receptor 5; cognition; decision-making; switch task

Online: 25 January 2022 (14:49:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0368.v1

Mental Disorder Symptoms among Paramedics in a Single Canadian Site

Justin Mausz, Elizabeth Anne Donnelly, Sandra Moll, Sheila Harms, Meghan McConnell

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: Public Safety Personnel; First Responders; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Well-Being; Trauma; Operational Stress Injuries; Post-Traumatic Stress Injuries; Resilience; Peer Support; Paramedics; Emergency Medical Services

Online: 25 January 2022 (08:28:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0323.v1

eHealth-Engagement on Facebook during COVID-19: A Netnographical Data Visualization

Caroll Hermann, Melanie Govender

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: social media; netnography; mental health; natural language processing; visualization; data analysis; COVID-19

Online: 21 January 2022 (12:59:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0314.v1

Executive Functions in Birds

Katarzyna Anna Bobrowicz, Samuel Greiff

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: executive functions; executive control; birds; inhibition; working memory; shifting; flexibility

Online: 20 January 2022 (20:52:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0267.v1

A single-case design investigation for measuring the efficacy of Gestalt therapy to treat depression in older adults with dementia in Italy and in Mexico: a research protocol

Alessandra Merizzi, Rosanna Biasi, José Fernando Álvarez Zamudio, Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb, Sara Santini

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: Gestalt therapy; dementia; depression; single-case experimental design; psychosocial interventions

Online: 19 January 2022 (09:32:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0230.v1

Refusal Parenting Style Is Easier for Students to Perceive Non-physical Bullying in the Upper Grades of Elementary School: Mediation Effect of Negative Affect Experience and Negative Coping Style

Houyu Zhou, Qinfei Wang, Shuxu Yu, Quangquang Zheng

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Applied Psychology Keywords: perceiving campus non-physical bullying; Refusal parenting style; negative affect experiences; negative coping style; mediating effect

Online: 17 January 2022 (14:09:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0227.v1

Enhancing Race and Ethnicity using Bayesian Imputation in an All Payer Claims Database

Sanae El Ibrahimi, Michelle A. Hendricks, Sara E Hallvik, Nazanin Dameshghi, Christi Hildebran, Michael A. Fischer, Scott G. Weiner

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: Bayesian inference; race and ethnicity imputation; All Payer Claims Database; vital statistics death records; validation

Online: 17 January 2022 (12:40:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0222.v1

Tics and Emotions

Gerry Leisman, Dana Sheldon

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: Tics; Emotions; Basal ganglia; Tourette's syndrome; dopamine; HPA-axis; Premontory sensory phenomena

Online: 17 January 2022 (12:28:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0210.v1

An Ecological Dynamics Approach to Understanding Human-Environment Interactions in the Adventure Sport Context – Implications for Research and Practice

Tuomas Immonen, Eric Brymer, Keith Davids, Timo Jaakkola

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Other Keywords: adventure sport; extreme sport; ecological dynamics; transdisciplinary; form of life; skill; skill development; decision-making; freeriding; avalanche education

Online: 14 January 2022 (11:51:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0195.v1

Testing the Reliability and Construct Validity of Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) in Non-Western Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients

Weeerapong Sanmontree, Peera Wongupparaj

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology Keywords: Thai START; Forensic psychiatric inpatients; Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data; Violence risk assessment; forensic psychology; Psychometrics

Online: 13 January 2022 (15:57:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0192.v1

Public Perceptions of Legislative Action on Reducing Plastic Pollution: A Case Study of Atlantic Canada

Shen Molloy, Andrew Medeiros, Tony Walker, Sarah Saunders

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Social Psychology Keywords: Single-use plastics (SUPs); plastic pollution management; policy; pollution; Atlantic Canada

Online: 13 January 2022 (13:58:00 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0186.v1

Genetics, Molecular Control and Clinical Relevance of Habituation Learning

Laura E.R. Blok, Marina Boon, Boyd van Reijmersdal, Kira D. Höffler, Michaela Fenckova, Annette Schenck

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: habituation learning; habituation genes; habituation pathways; neurodevelopmantal disorders

Online: 13 January 2022 (10:57:23 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0104.v1

Updated IQ and Well-being Scores for the 50 U.S. States

Bryan J. Pesta

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, General Psychology Keywords: state IQ; aggregate IQ; well-being; g nexus; PIAAC; NAEP

Online: 10 January 2022 (12:05:43 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0062.v1

A Scoping Review of Interventions Delivered by Peers to Support the Resettlement Process of Refugees and Asylum Seekers

Daryl Mahon

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Applied Psychology Keywords: Refugee, Asylum seeker, resettlement, scoping review

Online: 6 January 2022 (10:09:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0053.v1

Deciding on Optical Illusions: Reduced Alpha Power in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Anastasios E. Giannopoulos, Ioanna Zioga, Konstantinos Kontoangelos, Panos Papageorgiou, Fotini Kapsali, Christos Ν. Capsalis, Charalabos Papageorgiou

Subject: Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience Keywords: body dysmorphic disorder; EEG; optical illusions; alpha oscillations

Online: 6 January 2022 (09:44:14 CET)

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