Abstract: To mitigate compression heat loss during the operation of compressed air energy storage(CAES) power stations, this study proposed a design that coupled a CAES system with a heat pump system for high-temperature steam production. Focusing on waste heat utilization in a 100 MW CAES system, a tiered compression heat utilization strategy was adopted: part of the compression heat serves as a reheating source for the energy storage system’s expansion stage, while the remainder acts as a low-grade heat source for the heat pump steam generation system. This approach effectively enhances the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the system. Research findings demonstrated that the novel waste heat utilization system integrating a modified CAES system with a heat pump can convert 11.64 MW of secondary low-grade compressed heat into high-temperature steam. Under specific feedwater parameters(eg.,flow rate, pressure, and temperature), the system generated steam with matched operating conditions, while the heat pump subsystem achieves a Coefficient of Performance(COP) of 1.55. Analysis of variable operating conditions revealed that when the heat load of the flash-high/low-temperature regenerators remained constant, both the steam flow rate and flash rate increased with rising feedwater temperature and decreased with increasing feedwater flow rate. Furthermore, higher the feedwater flow rates combined with the lower feedwater temperature yield higher the steam temperature, peaking at 314.02 °C under optimal operating parameters; Environmental analysis indicated that the system produced substantial high-temperature steam during annual operation, achieving significant reductions in multiple pollutants emissions compared to coal-fired industrial boilers and thus providing a valuable technical reference for relevant fields.

Abstract: We establish unconditional almost-all ternary results for the restricted weighted Goldbach sum W_(a,q) \( W_{a,q}(n) := \sum_{\substack{p_1+p_2+p_3=n \\ p_1 \equiv a \pmod{q}}} (\log p_1)(\log p_2)(\log p_3), \quad q \geq 1,\ \gcd(a,q)=1 \), together with conditional extensions under the Density Hypothesis and the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. Main results. (A) Almost-all via prime anchoring [Proved]. For every \( A > 0,\#\{n \leq X,\ n \text{ odd} : W_{a,q}(n) = 0\} \ll_{A,q} X(\log X)^{-A}. \) (B) Almost-all with full asymptotic [Proved]. For all odd \( n \leq X \) outside an exceptional set of size \( O_{A,q}(X(\log X)^{-A}),W_{a,q}(n) = \frac{J_{3,a,q}(n)}{\varphi(q)}\, n^2 + O_{A,q}\!\left(\frac{n^2}{(\log n)^A}\right), \) where the ternary singular series \( J_{3,a,q}(n) > 0 \) is positive and effectively computable. For \( (a,q) = (3,4) \) the main term equals \( (C_2 S(n)/4)\,n^2 \) with \( C_2 \in [0.6601618157,\, 0.6601618160] \). The minor-arc bound \( K_{\min}(q, A) \leq 2.10/\sqrt{\varphi(q)} \) is proved in full, self-containedly, via the exact \( L^2 \)-orthogonality identity \( \|S_{a,q}\|_{L^2}^2 = \|S\|_{L^2}^2/\varphi(q) \) and a Hölder \( (L^2, L^\infty, L^2) \) factorization. The exceptional-set constant is \( C_{\text{ternary}}(A,q) \leq 4.41/\varphi(q) \cdot 2^A \) [Proved]. Articles 1, 2, and 3 by the same author of this work provide all the black box input data. No GRH, no density hypothesis, and no ternary sieve are used in Parts (A) and (B).

Abstract: We demonstrate optomechanical spatial projection of azimuthally structured optical beams. The system is based on an ultra-low loss circular membrane integrated into an interferometric setup, that exploits the spatial analogies between the mechanical modes and the structured optical fields. A weak anisotropy lifts the degeneracy of the membrane modes, producing a spectrally resolved mechanical doublet composed of two orthogonal eigenmodes. Petal-shaped optical intensity distributions, formed by coherent superpositions of orbital-angular-momentum eigenstates with opposite topological charges and generated via a q-plate, are used to probe the membrane in a readout-only regime, where the motion is thermally excited. By rotating the azimuthal orientation of the optical pattern, we observe a controlled redistribution of spectral weight between the two members of the mechanical doublet. The split doublet, therefore, acts as a two-channel mechanical spatial analyzer for azimuthal quadratures, providing a wavelength-independent platform for the projection and processing of structured optical fields. Since the analyzer relies on spatial mode matching rather than optical spectral properties, the platform can interface with a wide range of optical sources and channels, making it an ideal candidate for optical and quantum communication applications.

Abstract: Low-temperature stress severely limits early-spring melon (Cucumis melo L.) production. However, the regulatory roles of NAC transcription factors in melon responses to abiotic stress remain insufficiently understood. In this study, the melon cultivar ‘Xizhoumi No. 17’ was used as the experimental material, and an Agrobacterium-mediated root transformation system was employed to generate CmNAC29-overexpressing and empty-vector control plants. Phenotypic analysis, physiological measurements, transcriptome sequencing, and molecular interaction assays were performed to systematically investigate the regulatory mechanism by which CmNAC29 mediates chilling tolerance in melon roots. The results showed that CmNAC29 overexpression significantly alleviated cold stress-induced growth inhibition in melon seedlings, reduced membrane lipid peroxidation, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes associated with CmNAC29 overexpression were significantly enriched in functional categories related to oxidoreductase activity. Further validation showed that CmNAC29 upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, the key proline biosynthesis gene CmP5CS1, and core components of the ICE-CBF-COR pathway. Molecular assays confirmed that CmNAC29 possesses transcriptional activation activity and directly binds to the promoters of CmP5CS1-1 and CmCOR413 by recognizing NAC-binding sites, thereby activating their transcription. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that CmNAC29 positively regulates chilling tolerance in melon seedlings by coordinately enhancing antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, and cold signal transduction. This study provides an important genetic resource and theoretical basis for the molecular breeding of cold-tolerant melon cultivars.

Abstract: Spatial intelligence requires agents to form and utilize internal representations of the physical world for perception, reasoning, and generation. While recent advances in foundation models, embodied systems, and three-dimensional representation learning have substantially expanded spatial capabilities, existing research remains fragmented across heterogeneous tasks and model paradigms. This survey revisits spatial intelligence from a cognitive map perspective and positions cognitive maps as its representational blueprint. In this view, diverse lines of research can be understood through a shared question: how an internal spatial representation is constructed, maintained, reasoned over, and realized. To make this perspective operational, we define cognitive maps as internal spatial representations characterized by abstraction, globality, and persistency. Based on this definition, we organize the literature into three cognitive-map-centric processes that correspond to the core dimensions of spatial intelligence: perception for cognitive map construction, reasoning for internal inference with the map, and generation for external realization of the map. By adopting a mechanism-centric viewpoint, this survey connects previously isolated research directions into a coherent framework and identifies emerging challenges toward unified spatial intelligence systems. The related resources of this study are accessible at https://github.com/Klingsor-tyx/Awesome-Spatial-Cognitive-Map.

Abstract: Approximately 80% of the buildings that will exist in 2050 have already been built, yet most perform poorly in terms of energy efficiency and fail to deliver net-positive outcomes. Ecologically active soils, which are engineered to provide the moisture, porosity, and nutrient conditions necessary for plant growth, offer a promising yet underexplored pathway for the regenerative retrofitting of existing building envelopes. This paper presents the rationale, objectives, and results of the Regenerative Retrofitting Via Ecologically Active Soil Structures (Reeco-Soil) project, which investigates the state of the art of ecologically active soil-based building retrofitting through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, drawing on searches of the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Results confirm that bio-based clay composites can achieve significant reductions in thermal conductivity, and that robotic and spray-based fabrication methods are capable of depositing earthen materials onto complex building geometries. However, peer-reviewed evidence directly addressing biological component integration remains critically scarce. The Reeco-Soil approach addresses this gap, with the potential to transform existing buildings from static, resource-consuming assets into dynamic, living systems that actively regenerate the ecological and human environments they inhabit.

Abstract: Phishing is the most common cybersecurity threat. With phishing, attackers create a website or manipulate a URL in order to obtain a user’s sensitive information. Sensitive information can include a user’s credentials, payment details, or personal information. Phishing attacks target online users by baiting them to click on a fraudulent link. Phishing is a growing concern for users across the world. I propose a phishing detection framework that is lightweight, fast, and able to detect URLs with phishing content. The lightweight comparative phishing framework focuses on the extraction of a reduced number of URL features. These features include characteristics, structures, and patterns that are seen in URLs. These features prepare and place input to the three supervised machine learning methods: Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest. The frameworks were then evaluated based on four main classification metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The Random Forest Classifier, within the lightweight comparative machine learning framework, was the most accurate in phishing detection with minimal computational requirements. The purpose of this lightweight framework was to offer real time cyber security solutions on browsers. The framework was scalable and efficient.

Abstract: This research aimed to determine the effects of replacing ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with licorice residue (LR) on growth performance, slaughtering performance, meat quality, serum biochemistry and cecal flora. Five pelleted rations were formulated with different LR proportions at 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% on a dry weight basis. One hundred and twenty 35-day old Ira rabbits with nearly uniform body weight were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, each with 24 rabbits for this experiment. The adaptation (pre-feeding) phase spanned 7 days, followed by a 49-day experimental period. The results indicated that the group receiving 15% LR achieved the highest body weight by day 49 (p < 0.05). Over the 0-49 day interval, the average daily gain (ADG) for the 15% LR group was notably greater compared to the 0%, 45%, and 60% LR groups (p < 0.05), while its feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) was significantly lower than that of the 45% and 60% groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the pre-slaughter live weight of the 15% LR group was substantially higher than all other groups (p < 0.05).The 15% LR group had a significantly lower drip loss than the 45% and 60% LR groups and a significantly higher pH value (24 h) than the 30%, 45%, and 60% LR groups (p < 0.05). The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the 15% LR group was significantly lower than that in the 30% and 45% LR groups (p < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The LR did not significantly affect the dominant microbial communities at the phylum and genus levels (p > 0.05), but it promoted the colonization of specific flora. It appears that replacing 15% of ryegrass with LR in pelleted feed was the optimal rate in making the pellet diets for rabbits to achieve a superior production performance, high-quality meat products in Ira rabbits. However, further research is needed to investigate the effect of feeding LR on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of other herbivorous livestock.

Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based strategies for optimizing Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) systems against a first-order Markov jammer in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communications, addressing critical vulnerabilities in electronic warfare scenarios. The jammer model simulate adaptive threats in drone networks. Simulations were conducted within a Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework featuring 16 channels and episodes of 1000 steps. Three approaches were evaluated: Baseline random channel selection, Tabular Q-Learning, and Deep Q-Network (DQN) employing 16-128-128-16 neural architecture. Training spanned 100–500 episodes, with performance assessed via key metrics: Success Rate (%), Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), action Entropy, and Packet Loss Rate (PLR) under Forward Error Correction (FEC).

Abstract: This paper develops a thermo-acoustic continuation framework for physically admissible compressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier evolution. The analysis is formulated under the assumptions of positivity of density and temperature, entropy admissibility, free-energy dissipation, finite acoustic propagation, strict hyperbolicity, uniformly subsonic evolution, constitutive smoothness, and a finite-energy weak solution framework. The admissibility conditions are treated as the physical regime of the theory. The central objective is to determine whether thermo-acoustic dissipative structure suppresses scale-critical concentration compatible with singularity formation. A localized entropy concentration quantity is introduced using the entropy-production density generated by viscous deformation and thermal diffusion. The analysis establishes localized thermo-acoustic coercivity, derives nonlinear subcriticality estimates for transport, thermal, acoustic, pressure, coefficient, and commutator remainders, and obtains higher thermo-acoustic integrability through compactness and Meyers-type arguments. Campanato iteration then yields oscillation decay, localized Hölder regularization, and thermo-acoustic ε-regularity. Within the admissible thermo-acoustic regime, persistent scale-critical concentration is excluded. Consequently, admissible thermo-acoustic evolution admits continuation beyond finite admissible evolution intervals. The continuation mechanism is generated by entropy production, thermal diffusion, free-energy dissipation, and finite-speed acoustic redistribution.The paper also studies incompressible projection of the thermo-acoustic system. Using projection fibers and conditional disintegration theory, it is shown that the entropy-generating thermo-acoustic structure is not generally reconstructible from incompressible projected variables alone. The analysis identifies a structural difference between admissible thermo-acoustic compressible evolution and mechanically projected incompressible evolution.The paper does not prove unconditional global regularity for arbitrary compressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier solutions, unconditional propagation of thermo-acoustic admissibility, or regularity or singularity formation for incompressible Navier–Stokes evolution. The continuation result is conditional on persistence of the admissible thermo-acoustic regime.

Abstract: To improve the laser-induced damage resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy, a typical aerospace material, a laser-resistant coating material for the surface of 7075 aluminum alloy was prepared in this paper. The performance of 7075 aluminum alloy coated with this coating was analyzed and tested by combining numerical simulation and experimental verification. The test results show that under the same laser irradiation conditions and geometric dimensions, the breakdown time of 7075 aluminum alloy coated with the laser-resistant coating is prolonged by 541.6%, and its laser-induced damage resistance is significantly improved.

Abstract: This study investigates the degradation of indoor environmental performance in a colonial-era school building under current tropical climate conditions and its implications for occupant comfort and cognitive function. A field study involving 30 students over 18 days was conducted, integrating environmental measurements, subjective responses, and cognitive tests (attention and working memory). Results indicate that indoor air temperature, relative humidity, and illuminance exceeded recommended standards, resulting in elevated PMV (≈1.5) and PPD (>50%), reflecting thermally uncomfortable conditions. Statistical analysis revealed significant negative relationships between thermal stress indicators (PMV and HSSI) and cognitive performance (r up to -0.94), demonstrating that increased thermal load reduces attention and working memory accuracy. In contrast, lighting showed no significant effect, likely due to uniformly low illuminance levels. These findings suggest that passive design strategies in colonial buildings are no longer sufficient under current climatic conditions and may compromise learning performance. The study highlights the need for adaptive design interventions to maintain indoor environmental quality in tropical educational buildings.

Abstract: Mythos-class frontier AI systems, defined operationally in prior work [1] by five indicators (capability, scaffold, access pattern, autonomy depth, persistence), exhibit discontinuous cyber-operational behavior that classical kill-chain models and artifact-centric taxonomies such as MITRE ATT&CK and ATLAS do not accommodate. The prior reference architecture specifies a four-layer defense and the Mythos-Class Posture Rubric (MCPR), whose runtime tier detects supervisability-evasion signatures empirically. This manuscript develops four contributions providing the theoretical scaffolding under which those empirical signatures cohere and the cross-operation extensions the scaffolding motivates. First, a relational systems-theoretic model treating the enterprise as three coupled frames (identity, trust, telemetry), with frame-shifts defined by three constitutive properties (non-locality, non-sequentiality, observability collapse). Second, a four-class taxonomy partitioning the relational space: presence, privilege, domain, and observability discontinuity. Third, a cross-operation detection matrix with four primary detection mechanisms operating on telemetry the prior architecture already produces. Fourth, integration extensions routing the new signals through the prior architecture’s mitigation stack without parallel architectural primitives. The framework is illustrated through a synthetic case study and grounded in systems-theoretic precedents (Ashby, Luhmann). The contribution is theoretical scaffolding and cross-operation extension to the prior reference architecture rather than a competing framework.

Abstract: Duck viral enteritis (DVE) causes significant economic losses to duck industries in endemic regions, and existing control measures, including embryonated-egg-based vaccines, are limited by batch variability and restricted scalability. In this context, the present study reports the development of a cell culture-based live attenuated duck enteritis virus (DEV) vaccine and its evaluation under both experimental and field conditions. The Holland strain of DEV was adapted to chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells and cultured through 60 serial passages, achieving a titer of 10⁶^.⁸⁸ 50% tissue culture-infective dose (TCID₅₀)/mL. Evaluation in seronegative ducklings demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine, with no adverse clinical signs. Field evaluation in 9,000 ducklings across diverse farming systems showed consistent humoral immune responses under varying conditions. The vaccine's efficacy was further assessed under controlled-challenge conditions, where it conferred complete protection against a virulent field isolate of DEV (DP/As/Km/19). Overall, the findings indicate that the CEF-adapted live attenuated vaccine is safe, highly immunogenic, and suitable for large-scale production, highlighting its potential as a practical and scalable strategy for controlling DVE in endemic regions.

Abstract: This research establishes critical process–property relationships for the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of rigid (PLA) and functional flexible (TPU) polymers. By systematically evaluating the influence of key manufacturing parameters—infill density, print orientation, and loading rate—this study quantifies the structural integrity and operational limits of 3D-printed components. Tensile characterization, conducted according to ASTM D638-14 standards, reveals that horizontal and laid manufacturing strategies produce superior mechanical properties, whereas vertical configurations exhibit significant anisotropy due to interlayer bonding constraints. Stress-strain analysis differentiates the brittle, high-stiffness response of PLA from the hyper-elastic and viscoelastic behavior of TPU, highlighting the latter's sensitivity to rate-dependent processing. A critical finding for advanced manufacturing is the role of support-induced interfaces: while negligible for rigid PLA, support structures are shown to be detrimental to TPU, reducing maximum elongation by over 70% and necessitating support-free design strategies for functional elastomeric parts. Higher infill densities consistently enhance structural performance, providing a clear roadmap for optimizing material efficiency. These findings provide a principled framework for Design-for-Manufacturing (DfM) optimization, enabling the reliable production of tailored components for aerospace, biomedical, and soft-robotic applications.

Abstract: Why does a quantum measurement yield one definite outcome rather than another? Decoherence theory explains the disappearance of interference, yet it leaves the selection of a particular result unexplained—and says nothing about what role, if any, the observer plays. This paper confronts both gaps head-on. We construct an Extended Hilbert Space HTotal=HPhys⊗HHigher in which information-processing agents carry their own quantum degrees of freedom, coupled to the physical sector through an explicit interaction Hamiltonian. The resulting Intention Field Theory (IFT) draws on von Neumann’s two-process picture and Stapp’s arguments for mental causation, but goes further by deriving—rather than postulating—a Lindblad-form master equation from the coupling term. Four results follow: agent-dependent decoherence rates that scale with intentional coherence; observer-dependent corrections to Born-rule probabilities; preferred-basis selection fixed by the measurement interaction; and an entropic quantification theorem linking intentional coupling to entropy production, physical–higher mutual information, and a Landauer heat-dissipation bound per measurement event. We test these predictions against eleven landmark experiments—quantum Zeno, which-path, delayed-choice, Bell-inequality, and matter-wave platforms among them—and find per-event entropy increases spanning 10−14 to 10−1 bits, depending on coupling strength and interaction time. When the intentional coupling is switched off, every prediction collapses back to standard quantum mechanics, so the framework is conservative by construction. We compare IFT with nine major interpretations and several dynamical-collapse models, map out the theory’s current limitations, and design specific falsification protocols. The mathematical development is deductive: axioms first, then lemmas, propositions with full proofs, and finally testable corollaries whose numerical signatures differ from those of all existing frameworks.

Abstract: In this work, we present a new geometric framework that integrates quaternion-based rotation and translation operators with a generalized inner product and vector product framework defined on Gielis-type superquadrics. By incorporating the multiplicative shape factor ρ(ϕ), we construct a family of rotation matrices and quaternion mappings adapted to the elastic and non-Euclidean behavior of biological growth surfaces. This framework enables smooth, direction-dependent deformations and provides a unified representation for curvature-induced growth, differential thickening, and torsional motions observed in plants. The proposed model provides a mathematically tractable and biologically interpretable tool in many applications in plants, animals and biomolecules. Potential applications include computational botany, growth-based animation, and the design of biologically inspired structures.

Abstract: Secreted phospholipases A₂ (sPLA₂s) act at lipid interfaces where enzymatic turnover is strongly influenced by membrane packing and interfacial physicochemical conditions. Vipoxin, a heterodimeric neurotoxin from Vipera ammodytes meridionalis, is one such complex, comprising a catalytically active sPLA₂ subunit (VBC) and a catalytically impaired homolog, VAC, suggesting a pseudoenzymatic regulatory role. Using SAPC Langmuir monolayers as a model of arachidonic-acid-containing membranes, we examined the interfacial behavior of Vipoxin and its isolated subunits under barostatic conditions. ΔA(t) measurements revealed pronounced pressure- and pH-dependent modulation of activity. VBC maintained high catalytic competence, whereas Vipoxin showed enhanced pH sensitivity and VAC-dependent modulation of enzyme–membrane coupling. VAC, although lacking canonical catalytic activity, produced measurable interfacial effects under acidic conditions and high lateral pressure. Analysis using the interfacial quality parameter Qₘ demonstrated that VAC modifies the pressure dependence of the heterodimer and stabilizes interfacial accommodation of VBC. These findings indicate that VAC functions as a pseudoenzymatic regulatory subunit whose role emerges from dynamic coupling between enzymatic activity and lipid interfacial organization.

Abstract: We reformulate matrix mechanics by incrementally heating a single hydrogen atom in order to derive the complete, diagonalized Hamiltonian matrix. The spectral lines and transition probabilities cannot be generated by reversing time thereby demonstrating asymmetry. Experimental evidence in support of the theoretical model is obtained from experiments performed with the simplest quantum system, an electron cyclotron. Wave mechanics is also reformulated by altering the original Schrödinger equation describing a time symmetric, conservative system to a system of two independent equations describing a time asymmetric, non-conservative system.

Abstract:

Background: Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a significant public health concern in endemic regions. This study aimed to evaluate the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis, staging, and clinical management of liver hydatid cysts in eastern city Jalalabad, Afghanistan. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and November 2024 among 159 patients diagnosed with liver hydatid cysts. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected. Cysts were classified according to the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE) and Gharbi systems. Ultrasound findings were compared with computed tomography (CT), and their association with treatment decisions was assessed. Result: Most patients were female (57.2%), aged 20–39 years, and from rural areas (80.5%). Common exposure-related factors included poor hygiene, dog ownership, and consumption of raw vegetables. Ultrasound effectively identified cyst stages and guided management decisions, with a significant association between WHO staging and treatment modality (χ² = 63.56, p < 0.001). There was almost perfect agreement between ultrasound and CT in cyst classification (Cohen’s κ > 0.9), although CT provided additional anatomical details in selected cases. Conclusion: Ultrasound is an accessible, accurate, and reliable tool for the diagnosis, staging, and management of liver hydatid cysts. In resource-limited settings, it serves as the primary imaging modality for guiding clinical decision-making, with CT reserved for complex or uncertain cases.