Background: A new access technique was developed to reduce postoperative adverse events after the extraction of impacted maxillary wisdom teeth. Hence, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of adverse events after extraction of maxillary impacted wisdom teeth using traditional or modified access. Methods: Two different surgical incision designs were used for bilateral wisdom tooth extractions in 30 patients. The traditional incision was performed distal to the second molar in the center of the tuberosity, followed by a buccal releasing incision. After tooth extraction the wound was secured by sutures. The new technique consists of an oblique incision from the distal palatal aspect of the tuberosity towards the buccal aspect of the second molar. After tooth extraction, cyanoacrylate glue was used on the wound. Results: Lower pain was reported by patients at the site treated with the new technique (p<0.01). Edema, postsurgical bleeding, and hematoma were similar in both groups. The surgical time was shorter for the new technique (p<0.01). Conclusions: The new technique applied for the extraction of impacted maxillary wisdom teeth reduced postsurgical pain and the duration of surgery.

The process of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes starts when gametes from two different sexes encounter each other. Paramecium, a unicellular eukaryote, undergoes conjugation and uses a gametic nucleus to enter the sexual reproductive process. The molecules responsible for recognizing mating partners, hypothetically called mating-type substances, are still unclear. We have identified an O3-type mating substance polypeptide and its gene sequence using protein chemistry, molecular genetics, immunofluorescence, RNA inter-ference, and microinjection. The O3-type substance is a polypeptide found in the ciliary membranes, located from the head to the ventral side of cells. The O3-type substance has a kinase-like domain in its N-terminal part located outside the cell and four EF-hand motifs that bind calcium ions in its C-terminal part located inside the cell. RNA interference and immunofluorescence revealed that this polypeptide positively correlated with the expression of mating reactivity. Microinjection of an expression vector incorporating the O3Pc-MSP gene induced additional O3 mating type in the recipient clones of different mating types or syngen. Phylogenetic analysis indicates this gene is widely present in eukaryotes and exhibits high homology among closely related species. The O3Pc-MSP gene had nine silent mutations compared to the complementary mating type of the E3 homologue gene.

Syndactyly is the most common congenital malformation of the hand, leading to the fusion of the digits, frequently affecting the ring and middle fingers. The incidence is one out of 2500 children, predominantly occurring in boys and Caucasians. Clinically, the malformation may present as soft tissue or bony fusion, resulting in the union of the fingers characterised as complete or incomplete. This fusion may involve the phalanges but may also extend to the carpal/tarsal bones, even to the metacarpal’s or metatarsal’s level, rarely to the distal end of the forearm and lower leg. Mostly isolated but may occur together with other disorders or malformations such as synostosis, acro-syndactyly, cleft hand, clinodactyly, or polydactyly. Syndromic syndactyly can be observed in cases of Apert Syndrome, Poland’s Syndrome, Pfeiffer Syndrome and many others. A girl born in June of 2019 was diagnosed with congenital malformation of the right hand at birth —affecting the right middle, ring and little fingers, respectively. After X-ray imaging, the fusion of the third and fourth proximal phalanges to a common metacarpal was identified, forming a unique diagnosis of clino-syndactyly with metacarpal aplasia. Surgical intervention was advocated for, including a wedge osteotomy to correct the synchondrosis at the phalangeal base and a dorsal flap to close the interdigital space created during the correction of the III and IV. fingers. A trapezoid flap for the release of the syndactyly of the IV and V. fingers was applied. The paper aims to present the surgical correction and its results regarding an atypical case of syndactyly with clinodactyly and metacarpal aplasia.

The increasing complexity of the space flight program and the increase in the duration of missions require improvement of psychological monitoring tools for astronauts in orbit. The article summarizes the experience of using quantitative content analysis of communication between the crews and the Mission control center (MCC). This method allows to assess dynamics of astronaut’s psycho-emotional state, to identify the communicative style, and to detect the communication phenomena of board-MCC communication. The method is based on a combination of coping strategies approach by Lazarus and Folkman as well as B.F. Lomov’s concept about the three functions of communication. We found influence of workload on the structure and volume of communication, defined the main stable communication styles of crewmembers, and confirmed presence of the emotional transfer phenomenon. We detected that astronauts successfully solve problems that arise in orbit using the capabilities of their communication style. An ineffective MCC communication style the leads to the psycho-emotional ill-being manifesting in emotional transfer phenomenon. The presence of “third quarter” phenomenon was not confirmed by materials from six-month space flights.

Health and well-being are a major concern for the elderly who experienced evacuation due to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power accident. This study examined the feasibility of a picture sound book with Ninja-essence to maintain or improve exercise habits and physical and mental conditions of the elderly affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power plant accident. We conducted a pre–post intervention study to evaluate a picture sound book with Ninja-essence for returnees and evacuees post lifting evacuation restrictions. In total, 29 people participated in this study. Residents in two groups, returnees and evacuees, were provided with the tool. Results of the pre–post changes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, i.e., Fisher’s exact test and t-test, and a significant difference was observed in both groups of participants between their left and right hand-grip strength, the maximum phonation time in the participants of the group that regularly engaged in exercise, and in the questions regarding swallowing exercises and singing songs or practicing words (p < 0.013 and 0.033); 16 of 29 participants reportedly enjoyed the program. The results demonstrated the future possibility of determining the improved outcome of this program in larger samples.

For a linear ordinary differential equation (ODE in short) of the third order, results are presented that supplement the theory of conjugate points and extremal solutions by W. Leighton, Z. Nehari, M. Hanan. It is especially noted the sensitivity of solutions to the initial data, which makes their numerical study difficult. Similar results were obtained for the third-order nonlinear equations of the Emden-Fowler type.

The present study was to investigate effects of total flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (FT) on fermentation quality, antioxidant status and microbial community of Caragana korshinskii Kom. (CK) silage. CK was ensiled with no additive (CON), 1% FT and 2% FT on a fresh weight (FW) basis for 60 days. The results showed that 1% FT and 2% FT groups displayed higher DM content than CON group, and 2% FT group had the best effect on nutrient preservation. Compared with CON and 1% FT groups, 2% FT group exhibited the best silage fermentation quality and the highest antioxidant activity, including increased lactic acid, acetic acid concentrations and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as decreased pH and the ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration. Moreover, 2% FT addition significantly affected the microbial community, such as increased abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased abundances of Pseudomonas and unidentified Cyanobacteria. The abundances of Lactobacillus parafarraginis and Lactobacillus brevis were negatively correlated to pH, while they were positively correlated with T-AOC, GSH-Px and CAT activities. In conclusion, 2% FT may be used as additives to inhibit the growth of undesirable microorganisms and promote fermentation quality and antioxidant activity of CK silage.

Entropy as a mathematical concept is the first of its own kind, and second to none. Barely one or two papers in literature have investigated fractal dimensions of very basic entropies, such as Shannon, Tsallis, and Rényi entropic expressions. This was a thoughtful inspiration to delve into a step forward towards a unified information- theoretic fractal theory. The storytelling of this current paper starts by introducing my third entropy formula, namely Ismail’s entropy, , as a novel generalization to Shannonian entropy with a visionary link to both long- and short-range interactions, (LRIs), (SRIs) respectively. Clearly, this would generate a fourfold unification with statistical mechanics as well as contemporary physics. Hence, this adds more credibility and weight for this study. The fractal dimension of , is identified in this paper. As an essential part of this work, it was influential to spotlight the importance of fractal geometry to space industry as well as education, which is crucial to develop our societies. Thus, some potential fractal applications to CubeSat Technologies and Education are highlighted. So, will the deep search for more ground-breaking research has come to an end. Certainly, not. This was another inspiration to propose new open problems to widen research gates to the scientific community for more research pathways. Consequently, the paper ends with closing remarks combined with some challenging open problems and the next phase of research.

Over the last two decades, knowledge production, research and reconfiguration of universities have been understood as ways of giving new meanings to the university-society binomial. In this regard, humanities are the subject of multiple debates in the face of ideas about their impact in relation to the "other sciences". Based on these premises, this article sets out to explore possible meanings attributed by researchers to the concepts of commitment, mobilization and transfer of research in humanities in view of the debates on the university-society interaction and the third mission of the university (Alonso, Cuschnir and Napoli, 2021). The methodology used will address bibliographical analysis, theoretical background and statements from different institutions, as well as the analysis of material from four interviews. As a first instance, the preliminary results show that strengthening critical thinking as forms of commitment emerge as central senses, focusing on hungarian characteristics and productions in order to unravel the ways of understanding and imagining Eastern European reality. In this respect, the discussion of certain western knowledge is seen as a task associated with social commitment with public universities as a focus of resistance.

There are several pathologies that can change the anatomy of the otic capsule and that can distort the bone density of the bony structures of the inner ear, but otosclerosis is one of the most frequent. Similar behavior has been shown in patients affected by osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disease due to a mutation in the genes coding for type I (pro) collagen. In particular, we note that otosclerosis and OI can lead to bone resorption creating pericochlear cavitations in contact with the internal auditory canal (IAC). In this regard, in our experience we have collected 5 cases presenting this characteristic and their audiological data and clinical history were analyzed. This feature can be defined as a potential cause of a third-window effect, because it causes an energy loss during the transmission of sound waves from the OW away from the basilar membrane.

Conducting quantitative research involving adolescents demands a thoughtful approach to the question of supervision, given that each option comes with its distinct set of implications. This study reviews these implications and empirically tests whether differences in data quality can be found among three modes of standardized survey research with medium sized groups of adolescents (12-17 years). Data basis is a quasi-experimental survey study testing different forms of digital, hybrid or in-person supervision, that took place in 2021 in secondary schools in Germany (N=923). Aim of this study is testing how aspects of data quality – item-nonresponse, interview duration, drop-out-rate and response patterns – differ between these forms of supervision. Results could help researchers surveying young people to decide (1) whether they allow confidants or other adults to be present during interviews, (2) if they can rely on teachers alone when surveying classrooms and (3) if it is cost-efficient to send out external supervisors for classroom sessions. While dropout-rates do not differ, item non-response, interview duration, and response patterns differ significantly, students supervised at home by external interviewers answered more questions, took more time to answer and are less likely to give potentially meaningless answers in grid questions. The implications drawn from the findings question the common approach to solely rely on teachers for survey administration without the support of external supervisors or adequate training. Recruiting respondents via schools and surveying them online in their homes during school hours shows to be a robust method with regard to the analyzed indicators.

Background: Eid al-Adha is celebrated every year in Muslim countries; however, it is a time when patients present to the emergency department with serious injuries. In our study, we examined current injuries at the time of Eid al-Adha in the largest patient population in one of the largest hospitals in Turkiye, including tendon injury map and maxillofacial injuries for the first time in the literature. Methods: Between 2019 and 2023, patients admitted to Ankara City Hospital during Eid al-Adha were examined. The demographic characteristics, injury patterns, and injury sites of the patients were evaluated by analyzing the patients admitted on the four days of Eid al-Adha. Statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Results: Six hundred and ten patients, including 101 female and 509 male patients, were included in this study. There was a statistically significant increase (p

The thick functionally graded material (FGM) circular cylindrical shells with advanced varied shear correction coefficient and third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) under advanced thermal vibration are studied by the method of generalized differential quadrature (GDQ). The coefficient of displacement model of TSDT is applied to derive the equations of motion for the thick FGM circular cylindrical shells. The stiffness in simpler forms of thick FGM circular cylindrical shells and temperature rise in linear expression of the heat conduction equation are used. The differential equations in dynamic equilibrium state of thick FGM circular cylindrical shells can be obtained and rewritten into displacements and shear rotations in partial derivative expressions under dynamic thermal loads in partial derivative expressions. Parametric effect studies including advanced nonlinear varied shear correction coefficient, nonlinear coefficient c1 value, power law index and thermal temperature difference of external heating loads on the displacements and stresses of thick FGM cylindrical shells under thermal dynamic vibration are investigated.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of using L-PRF in patients undergoing impacted lower third molar surgery with either primary or secondary closure techniques. Methods: This prospective, randomised, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted in patients with bilateral lower impacted third molars of similar position. Primary closure was performed in group 1 and secondary closure in group 2. Group 1 closure technique was applied to one side of the patients and group 2 closure technique was applied to the other side at different times. Nine pa-tients were excluded from the study due to alveolitis and failure to attend regular control visits out of the 45 patients evaluated. Results: Of the 36 patients included in the study, 23 were female and 13 were male and the mean age was 22.42±3.36 years. The secondary closure group had lower VAS scores at hour 6 (p

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist under antiretroviral therapy as a complex pathology that has been difficult to study in cellular and animal models. Therefore, we generated an ex vivo human brain slice model of HIV-1 infection from surgically resected adult brain tissue. Brain slice cultures processed for flow cytometry showed >90% viability of dissoci-ated cells within the first three weeks in vitro, with parallel detection of astrocyte, myeloid, and neuronal populations. Neurons within brain slices showed stable dendritic spine density and mature spine morphologies in the first weeks in culture, and they generated detectable activity in multi-electrode arrays. We infected cultured brain slices using patient-matched CD4+ T-cells or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) that were exposed to a GFP-expressing R5-tropic HIV-1 in vitro. Infected slice cultures expressed viral RNA and developed a spreading infection up to 9-days post-infection, which were significantly decreased by antiretrovirals. We also detected infected myeloid cells and astrocytes within slices and observed minimal effect on cellular via-bility over time. Overall, this human-centered model offers a promising resource to study the cel-lular mechanisms contributing to HAND (including antiretroviral toxicity, substance use, and aging), infection of resident brain cells, and new neuroprotective therapeutics.