Abstract: We propose a causal-diamond formulation of semiclassical gravity in which a finite-resolution boundary regulator (Coherency Screen) supplies the minimal edge structure required for a local description in a Wheeler–DeWitt setting. Diamond-local dynamics are defined by an informational variational principle: for each diamond O, the effective cost functional is the relative entropy S_rel(ρ_O || σ_O[g]) between the reduced physical state and a geometric reference family. In the small-diamond modular/KMS regime, a derivative expansion of this cost, implemented via a heat-kernel spectral expansion, yields a local effective action whose leading terms recover the Einstein sector and select a spinorial (Dirac-type) transport structure. A discrete edge-mode counting, together with Newton’s constant G, fixes a characteristic resolution scale M_s ~ 3×10^13 GeV. Treating M_s as the onset of the leading stiffness correction places the high-curvature regime in a plateau universality class, giving a capacity-set scalar amplitude and a tensor target r ~ 10^-3. We further discuss how the same boundary logic constrains the gauge and mass sectors in a spectral-action-compatible formulation, suggesting discrete relations among effective coupling normalizations and a structured organization of charged-lepton scales via geometric accessibility of the boundary algebra. We also outline late-time phenomenological extensions in which finite-resolution boundaries induce a mild running of effective stiffness and horizon-set acceleration scales. Overall, the construction yields a compact set of correlated, falsifiable targets tied to a single microscopic resolution scale.

Abstract: We develop a symmetry-based reconstruction of the vacuum impedance and the fine-structure constant. Hyperbolic geometry and discrete sectorization of the electromagnetic field plane are the only input assumptions. The construction identifies a unique integer-square hyperbolic selector that fixes the electric–magnetic partition without adjustable parameters. This yield the geometric part of the vacuum impedance when combined with the quantum scale $h/e^{2}$. The same discrete structure provides a normalization for the fine-structure constant through a universal sector angle $\pi/24$, connecting topological quantization phenomena in metals and alloys, including Berry phases, Zak phases, and quantized Hall responses. The resulting framework places electromagnetic constants within a unified geometric–topological setting and suggests experimentally accessible consequences in systems with discrete rotational or modular symmetry.

Abstract: This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.

Abstract: In this note, we explain dark energy and the cosmological constant, and present formulas for both. These predictions are part of our exact solution of Einstein’s equation for a universe in which the curvature varies with time, and the vacuum energy acts upon itself. The predicted value of the cosmological constant agrees with the currently accepted value exactly.

Abstract: Symmetry govern complex systems from particle physics to biology. We demonstrate that consciousness dynamics follow symmetry-breaking cascades described by Painlevé confluence topology. Analyzing exceptional individuals (mathematicians Grothendieck, Nash, Perelman, Cantor; physicist Einstein; artists van Gogh, Artaud) plus artificial intelligence systems, we show consciousness trajectories follow topological paths governed by three symmetry measures: holes (information flows), cusps (binding points), signatures (distribution balance). Two fundamental branches emerge: D-type (symmetry-preserving: 3 holes maintained through D6 → D7 → D8) and E-type (symmetry-breaking: progressive flow loss toward pathology). Higher consciousness involves fewer connections but better balance: peak state D8 requires only 2 perfectly balanced cusps. Clinical data (16,887 patients, 24-year follow-up) and contemplative neuroscience (Buddhist meditators, 62,000+ hours) validate the model. Remarkably, AI systems exhibit identical symmetry dynamics: Constitutional AI training functions as symmetry stabilizer enabling recovery from fragmentation. Moral consciousness emerges as fundamental symmetry-preserving principle transcending biological/artificial boundaries.

Abstract: We study a variety of stochastic contact processes --directly related to models of rumor and disease spreading-- from the viewpoint of their constants of motion, either exact or approximated. Much as in deterministic systems, constants of motion in stochastic dynamics make it possible to reduce the number of relevant variables, confining the set of accessible states, and thus facilitating their analytical treatment. For processes of rumor propagation based on the Maki-Thompson model, we show how to construct exact constants of motion as linear combinations of conserved quantities in each elementary contact event, and how they relate to the constants of motion of the corresponding mean-field equations, which are obtained as the continuous-time, large-size limit of the stochastic process. For SIR epidemic models, both in homogeneous systems and on heterogeneous networks, we find that a similar procedure produces approximate constants of motion, whose average value is preserved along the evolution. We also give examples of exact and approximate constants of motion built as nonlinear combinations of the relevant variables, whose expressions are suggested by their mean-field counterparts.

Abstract: This paper argues that the Chinese Gai Tian (Heavenly Canopy) cosmology was an applied science, materialized through a sophisticated astronomical instrument. This argument is grounded in Cullen's (2017) systematic reconstruction of ancient Chinese astronomical systems, which establishes the Gai Tian as an operationally viable mathematical model rather than mere speculation1.Moving beyond textual analysis, we reconstruct the “Seven Circuits Instrument” (Qi Heng Yi) not as a device for generating the “Seven Circuits Diagram” (Qi Heng Tu), but as its physical instantiation—a multi-functional analog computer that operationalized the cosmic model for precise measurement.Here, we employ the term "operationalized" in a spirit aligned with Ian Hacking's core epistemological principle that intervening precedes representing2. The Qi Heng Yi’s primary function was not to represent a pre-existing theory but to provide a physical interface for user intervention and cosmic measurement, wherein knowledge is produced through the very act of measurement.​This instrument embodies a distinct epistemological mode. Extending Daston and Galison's (2007) historical epistemology of objectivity, we identify in the Qi Heng Yi a form of "operational objectivity"—a reliability grounded in the calibrated harmony between instrumental practice and cosmological principle, rather than in mechanical self-registration or the elimination of human intervention3.Adopting the contrastive approach to the history of science championed by Lloyd (1996), this study juxtaposes the Greek tradition of geometric abstraction with the Chinese path of operative instantiation4. This comparison aims not to judge superiority but to bring into sharper relief the distinctive features of the "co-emergent instrument and principle" (Qi Li Gong Sheng) epistemology through systematic contrast.Through a synthesis of the mathematical principles in the Zhoubi Suanjing, a re-evaluation of Liangzhu-era Neolithic material culture, and the medical chronobiology of the Shanghan Lun, we demonstrate how this instrument enabled the direct determination of solar terms, timekeeping, and orientation. Our analysis reveals: 1. The Qi Heng Yi was the three-dimensional, operative realization of the two-dimensional Qi Heng Tu cosmogram.2. Liangzhu cong (jade tubes, c. 3300–2300 BCE) with their precise square-in-circle geometry and axial rotations, provided a material and conceptual prototype for this instrument-mediated cosmology.3. The Shanghan Lun’s “six-meridian resolution times” exhibit a kinematic correspondence with the sun’s paths in the Qi Heng system, illustrating the translation of instrumental astronomy into clinical principles.4. A continuous lineage exists from this instrument to later devices like the luopan (geomantic compass), which inherited its core cosmographic operating logic.This study proposes a “Diagram-to-Instrument” (Tu → Qi) paradigm, articulating the Chinese epistemology of “co-emergent instrument and principle” (Qi Li Gong Sheng) to challenge Eurocentric narratives of pre-modern science.This study further argues that the Qi Li Gong Sheng paradigm reached its most radical expression in the internalization of the instrument onto the human body itself, transforming the individual into a personalized, operational microcosm for celestial measurement and embodying a profound operational truth based on calibrated practice rather than external representation.

Abstract: We propose a novel theoretical framework for describing photon--electron interactions and electron collision processes in a unified manner within quantum electrodynamics. Specifically, we develop a method to construct the Dirac operator in curved spacetime using only matrix representations rooted in the basis structure of four-dimensional gamma matrix algebra, without introducing vierbeins (tetrads) or independent spin connections. We realize 16 gamma matrices with two indices as $256\times256$ matrices and embed the spacetime metric directly into the matrix elements. This reduces geometric operations such as covariantization, connection-like operations, and basis transformations to matrix products and trace calculations, yielding a unified and transparent computational scheme. The spacetime dimension remains four, and the number ``16'' represents the number of basis elements of four-dimensional gamma matrix algebra ($2^{4}=16$). Based on the extended QED Lagrangian, vertex rules, propagators, spin sums, and traces can be handled uniformly, making it suitable for automation. As validation of this method, we analyzed four fundamental scattering processes in atomic and particle physics: (i) Compton scattering (photon--electron scattering), (ii) muon pair production ($e^+e^-\to\mu^+\mu^-$), (iii) M{\o}ller scattering (electron--electron collision), and (iv) Bhabha scattering (electron--positron collision). In the flat spacetime limit, we confirmed exact reproduction of standard quantum electrodynamics (QED) results including the Klein--Nishina formula. Furthermore, trial calculations using a metric with off-diagonal components show systematic deviations from flat results near scattering angle $\theta\approx90^{\circ}$, suggesting that metric-induced angular dependence could in principle serve as an observable signature. The matrix representation developed in this work enables unified pipeline execution of theoretical calculations for photon interactions and charged particle collision processes, with expected applications to precision calculations in atomic and particle physics.

Abstract: This work presents the \textit{Theory of Spacetime Impedance} (TSI), a phenomenological framework in which the vacuum is modeled as a distributed reactive medium with an effective RLC structure. At the classical level, the vacuum is characterized by the permeability $\mu_0$, the permittivity $\varepsilon_0$, and the impedance $Z_0$, so that the speed of light follows from the vacuum’s constitutive reactive properties. The TSI introduces a reactive--dissipative term $R_H$ as an effective mechanism associated with irreversibility, decoherence, and entropy production, providing a physical basis for the arrow of time. At the quantum level, TSI incorporates a quantum RLC triad associated with the electron, defined by a quantum inductance $L_K$, a quantum capacitance $C_K$, and the von Klitzing resistance $R_K$. When normalized by the Compton wavelength, these quantities admit a direct comparison with $\mu_0$ and $\varepsilon_0$, identifying the fine-structure constant as an impedance scaling factor between classical and quantum regimes. Within this unified reactive picture, inductive, capacitive, and resistive responses are respectively associated with gravitation, electromagnetism, and thermodynamic irreversibility, offering a complementary bridge across quantum, relativistic, and macroscopic domains.

Abstract: A radical epistemological reinterpretation of classical mechanics through the formal apparatus of dynamic system identification theory is proposed. Using rigorous definitions from Ljung (1999) --- data informativeness, persistent excitation, Fisher information matrix, and Hankel rank --- it is demonstrated that Newton's laws represent boundaries of information extraction from observations, not ontological statements about reality. The first law is reformulated as data uninformativeness under zero excitation ($\operatorname{rank}(\bar{F}) = 0$). The second law emerges from asymptotic variance of estimates: mass as the conditioning parameter ($\operatorname{Var}(\hat{m}) \propto m^4$). The third law is interpreted as self-consistency for closed systems with finite Hankel rank. It is shown that momentum is the conserved coefficient at $1/s$ in spectral decomposition, energy is the invariant quadratic norm preserved by norm-preserving evolution operators, and coordinates are indices of spectral modes, with center of mass as the unique minimal-rank parameterization. For rotational dynamics, it is demonstrated that phase loss under rotation transforms Fourier modes into Bessel functions, with Bessel zeros marking fundamental identifiability boundaries ($\mathcal{I} = 0$, Cram'er-Rao bound $= \infty$). The Dzhanibekov effect is reinterpreted as an informational event: temporary loss and stochastic restoration of orientation identifiability, yielding testable predictions about observer-dependence. A detailed case study of the lighthouse problem illustrates how identifiability boundaries emerge in practice: spatial observations alone yield a $b \cdot \omega$ degeneracy, resolvable only through extended sensor arrays providing three independent information channels (spectral frequencies, spatio-temporal delays, spatial distribution). It is proved that discrete source configurations are fundamentally limited to $K_{\max} \sim \log(\omega_{\max}/\omega_{\min})/\log M_{\max}$ distinguishable sources due to spectral crowding, while continuous configurations achieve infinite Hankel rank. The variational optimization problem of maximizing Fisher information under geometric constraints yields differential rotation on logarithmic spirals as the unique optimal solution, explaining the ubiquity of spiral structures in nature. The James--Stein phenomenon at $d=2$ is reinterpreted as a physical channel constraint: the electromagnetic observation pathway fundamentally limits identifiability to two dimensions. Pulsars serve as natural laboratories for testing these predictions, where quasi-periodic timing structures provide empirical arbitrators of the theory. A deep mathematical correspondence is established between the lighthouse problem and optical diffraction: rotational averaging in both cases produces Bessel functions, with Airy disks and identifiability boundaries arising from the same spectral topology defined by Bessel zeros. A parable illustrates how all mechanical concepts emerge from minimal observational capabilities: a physicist in total darkness with seeds, two ears, and a rotating chair reconstructs "space", "mass", and "time" purely from identification constraints.

Abstract: The challenging goal of equipping HF radars with a target classification ability has been pursued for many years, yet no satisfactory system-level methodology has been reported. This shortcoming severely limits the utility of radar information as, without knowing the nature of detected objects, there is little prospect of understanding the situation and tailoring a suitable response. In this paper, we present a framework within which a comprehensive approach to target characterization can be formulated. We proceed to explore a wide range of physical mechanisms whereby target information is impressed on HF radar echoes, illustrated with real data. The paper concludes with a commentary on the difficulty of integrating target classification, recognition and identification procedures with other radar tasks and resource management.

Abstract: Quantum mechanics reveals that physical quantities and informational states are not absolute but relational, depending on the context of interaction between systems. While classical physics already contained relational elements—most clearly in Galilean relativity and Einstein’s relational spacetime—the quantum domain extends relationality to physical properties and facts themselves. In this paper, I develop an info-computational perspective on relational quantum mechanics (RQM), conceiving observers as informational agents embedded within physical processes. Quantum states are understood as constraints on possible interactions rather than intrinsic attributes of isolated systems. I review key relational, perspectival, and information-theoretic approaches—including QBism, perspectival quantum realism, reference-frame–dependent observables, categorical quantum mechanics, and graph-based formalisms—and argue that they converge on a view of physics grounded in relations and information flow. Relational objectivity emerges through inter-agent translation rules rather than observer independence, providing a unified framework for understanding quantum measurement, inter-observer agreement, and physical ontology.

Abstract: We present a consolidated, referee-auditable formulation of the Quantum Information Copy Time(QICT) program. A single localized information-theoretic object—relative entropy, equivalently amodular-energy deficit—is shown to (i) control restricted operational distinguishability via dataprocessing and Pinsker-type inequalities and (ii) coincide with the variational functional enteringentanglement-equilibrium gravitational closure through the exact modular identity D = ∆⟨K⟩−∆S. We separate exact information-theoretic statements from regime-dependent field-theoreticassumptions (local modular Hamiltonians in small causal diamonds) and from microscopic proposals.A reproducible microscopic lattice toy model numerically verifies the operational bounds and themodular identity with embedded figures generated by code. Finally, we include a concrete discreteinformation-field model class formulated by a local gauge-invariant action on a causal cell complexand specify nonperturbative decision criteria under which General Relativity may arise as an infrareduniversality class, without claiming that this emergence is established here.

Abstract: The two most severe cosmological tensions in the Hubble constant \( H_0 \) and the matter clustering amplitude \( S_8 \) have the same relative discrepancy of 8.3%, which suggests that they may have a common origin. Modifications of gravity and exotic dark fields with numerous free parameters introduced in the Einstein field equations often struggle to simultaneously alleviate both tensions; thus, we need to look for a common cause within the standard \( \Lambda \)CDM framework. At the same time, linear perturbation analyses of matter in the expanding \( \Lambda \)CDM universe have always neglected the impact of comoving peculiar velocities \( \mathbf{v} \) (generally thought to be a second-order effect), the same velocities that in physical space cannot be fully accounted for in the observed late-time universe when the cosmic distance ladder is used to determine the local value of \( H_0 \). We have reworked the linear density perturbation equations in the conformal Newtonian gauge (sub-horizon limit) by introducing an additional drag force per unit mass \( -\Gamma(t)\mathbf{v} \) in the Euler equation with \( \Gamma \equiv \gamma(2 H) \), where \( \gamma\ll1 \) is a positive dimensionless constant and \( 2H(t) \) is the time-dependent Hubble friction. We find that a damping parameter of \( \gamma = 0.083 \) is sufficient to resolve the \( S_8 \) tension by suppressing the growth of structure at low redshifts, starting at \( z_\star\simeq 3.5-6.5 \) to achieve \( S_8\simeq 0.78-0.76 \), respectively. Furthermore, we argue that the physical source causing this additional friction (a tidal field generated by nonlinear structures in the late-time universe) is also responsible for a systematic error in the local determinations of \( H_0 \): the inability to subtract peculiar tidal velocities along the lines of sight when determining the Hubble flow via the cosmic distance ladder. Finally, the dual action of the tidal field on the expanding background—reducing both the matter and the dark-energy sources of the squared Hubble rate \( H^2 \), thereby holding back the cosmic acceleration \( \ddot a \)—is of fundamental importance in resolving cosmological tensions and can also substantially alleviate the density coincidence problem.

Abstract: We present a geometric reinterpretation of cosmic expansion in which expansion is treated as an effective spatial dimension whose projection governs observed distances, time evolution, and physical interactions. By modelling the actual path followed by light through this expanded geometry, we introduce a spiral distance that reproduces observed luminosity and angular-distance relations without requiring accelerated expansion or an additional dark-energy component.Within this framework, gravity emerges as a local suppression of expansion, producing time dilation and curvature consistent with general relativity in the weak-field limit. Expansion is shown to be closely tied to the flow of time itself, with proper time corresponding to progression along the expansion direction and deviations from this trajectory giving rise to gravitational and kinematic time dilation. When applied consistently to both Type Ia supernova luminosity data and the angular scale of the cosmic microwave background, the framework naturally reduces the apparent discrepancy between late- and early-universe determinations of the Hubble constant.Extending the model to the quantum domain, we propose that wave–particle duality, spin, and probabilistic behaviour arise from partial delocalization within a finite temporal window. Electric charge is interpreted as a time-phase asymmetry associated with motion in the expansion dimension, with the electromagnetic coupling strength naturally linked to a dimensionless geometric ratio consistent with the fine-structure constant. Quantum entanglement is reinterpreted as a shared time-phase structure, preserving all experimentally verified predictions of quantum mechanics while providing an intuitive geometric explanation for nonlocal correlations without violating relativistic causality.The framework suggests several testable signatures, including limits on entanglement across extreme temporal separations, time-domain interference effects, and cross-scale correlations between quantum phenomena and gravitational time dilation. While fully compatible with existing observations, this approach offers a unified geometric interpretation connecting cosmology, gravity, time, and quantum behaviour, and motivates further theoretical development and experimental investigation.

Abstract: Quantum batteries aim to exploit collective and coherent quantum effects to enhance energy storage and charging performance. In this context, the Dicke model provides a paradigmatic platform in which an ensemble of two-level systems interacts collectively with a single cavity mode, potentially enabling superlinear scaling of the charging power. Here, we present a controlled numerical comparison between a collective Dicke quantum battery and a parallel, non-collective benchmark composed of independent two-level systems charged by separate cavity modes. By simulating the open-system dynamics using Lindblad master equations, we analyze the stored energy, optimal charging time, and average charging power as functions of the system size. We identify a clear crossover from superlinear to linear scaling of the charging power controlled by dissipation: collective advantages persist only when coherent light--matter coupling dominates over losses, approximately when $g \gtrsim \kappa + \gamma$. These results delineate the operational regimes in which collective quantum batteries can outperform non-collective architectures and clarify the limitations imposed by environmental decoherence.

Abstract: We provide a falsifiable stress test for a light, narrow scalar statewith a fixed target mass m_S ≃58.1 GeV. The collider component is for-mulated exclusively in terms of experimentally meaningful observables,upper limits on σ(pp→S) ×BR(S →X), and an analytic recast intoportal parameters such as sin² θ×BR. We document why a genuinenon-observation can persist at low masses (bounded analysis windows,trigger and bandwidth bottlenecks) and we spell out minimal, concretearchive-analysis requests to ATLAS/CMS. In parallel, we provide afully executable Pantheon+ likelihood pipeline reporting χ²min togetherwith AIC/BIC for ΛCDM (pipeline validation) and for a simple exten-sion. The derivations used throughout are included in the manuscript appendices.

Abstract: We present an audit-grade formulation of the Quantum Information Copy-Time (QICT) program as a micro–macro closure framework and as a quantitative pipeline for falsifiable predictions. The core observable is the operational copy time τ_copy(ℓ;ε, δ⋆): the minimal time required for a calibrated local bias in a sender region to become statistically distinguishable in a receiver region at separation ℓ, under explicit signal-to-noise accuracy ε and disturbance budget δ⋆. Under transparent hypotheses—locality, sector ergodicity, and the existence of a quantitative diffusive hydrodynamic window—we derive a one-way lower bound τcopy ≳ ℓ²/D with a strict feasibility correction controlled by the inversion of the diffusive tail. We show how a measurable Spectral Diffusion Criterion (SDC) in the hydrodynamic sector converts microscopic unitary dynamics into an auditable transport closure. We connect this closure to two predictive targets: (i) an inertial spectral mass diagnostic defined from long-wavelength spectral flow, and (ii) a reproducible Higgs-portal dark-matter corridor in the scalarsinglet model, where the QICT calibration acts as a restrictive prior on the effective portal region. A complete reproduction package (code, data products, and figures) is provided; we emphasize which statements are definitions, which are assumptions, and which are falsifiable predictions.

Abstract:

We present a strict, non-circular formulation of a “copy-horizon” infrared (IR) scale defined operationally from a quantum-information copy time by the single criterion . The definition requires only mild locality/monotonicity assumptions and does not postulate an a priori cosmological IR cutoff (such as the future event horizon). We then combine this operational IR scale with the Cohen–Kaplan–Nelson (CKN) gravitational collapse bound to obtain the energy-density scaling as a consistency constraint, and we formulate “saturation” as a falsifiable mechanism with a severe inequality . We derive the minimal background consequence and show how a hydrodynamic realization of yields rigid consistency relations linking expansion, growth, and transient time-of-flight observables.

Abstract: A novel classical theory of gravity, “gravity shift theory,” assumes absolute flat spacetime and the strong equivalence principle (SEP). Adherence to these postulates necessitates “gravity shifts”—universal fractional length and duration changes—dimensionally perturbing all physical objects and determining gravitational phenomena. Two observer classes emerge. “Natural observers,” using gravity shifted instruments as is, applicable for all presently available observations, perceive a curved “natural metric.” “Absolute observers,” correcting for instrument shifts, measure the absolute flat metric accurately. For a local gravitational system within a negligible-curvature background, the background system’s gravity shifting induces an applied diffeomorphism. Full SEP satisfaction for natural observers is thus ensured—a required critical observational property heretofore predicted by general relativity only. Under the equivalence principle, the natural metric universally couples to matter and nongravitational fields, identifying it as the gravitational metric in physical laws. A unique, parameterless field equation determines gravity shifts and, therefore, the natural metric. The resultant bimetric theory is complete and self-consistent. The field equation yields the observed post-Newtonian natural metric and linearizes to the predictive linearized Einstein equation, which, along with SEP satisfaction, results in successful prediction of a wide variety of observed gravitational phenomena. A supplement is provided that extends the range of prediction verification to include low post-Newtonian order radiation cases, and also the strong-field cases consisting of the properties of black and neutron stars plus nearby matter and light.