Abstract: Ellipticine, a nitrogen containing compound of plant origin, possesses potent anticancer properties. Mechanism of intercalation into DNA helices and/or topoisomerase II inhibition is ascribed for its pharmaceutical aspects. Multiple biological activities of ellipticine have generated curiosity among researchers belonging to varied disciplines, primarily focussed on unraveling out its mode of action. Employing DFT based B3LYP and functional blended with 6-311 G (d, p) basis function from Gaussian 16 program, electronic parameters and global descriptors of the drug have been examined. A comparative analysis of calculated vibrational assignments of the drug molecule vis-à-vis experimental data from literature has been performed. Again, molecular docking analysis of ellipticine with isomerase transcriptases (PDB ID: 1did, 2ypi and 1xig) has been carried out to understand inhibition activity, binding sites etc.

Abstract: We propose a unified geometric framework in which space and time emerge as observer-dependent projections of quantum correlations embedded in the universal wavefunction. In this approach, we formulate six axioms (including a duality between entanglement and time) that establish a correspondence between correlation structures and effective spacetime geometry. We introduce the "correlationhedron", a convex geometric object representing the set of all permissible correlation vectors of a given state, and show how different observer "slicings" (modeled by projection maps) yield distinct emergent spacetimes from this object. An emergent metric is defined on each observer's spacetime via the second derivative of a correlation density (analogous to a Fisher information metric), linking gradients in quantum entanglement to curvature. This paper establishes the conceptual foundations of this approach as the first in a planned series of investigations. We illustrate the framework with conceptual and quantitative examples, including an explicit calculation of the emergent geometry for a two- qubit system in both separable and entangled states. Connections to holography (AdS/CFT) (Maldacena1998, Ryu2006), tensor networks (Swingle2012), and relational quantum approaches (Rovelli1996) are discussed, along with experimental signatures (such as curvature variations with entanglement) that could support the theory. Finally, we outline the limitations of the framework, particularly regarding dynamics and observer-dependent causality, to guide future investigations. This kinematic framework establishes the conceptual skeleton of emergent spacetime; detailed constructions, proofs of smoothness, and dynamical laws will appear in forthcoming work.

Abstract: We use an example to study how finite-time thermodynamics (with finiteness constraints along with a criterion for determining optimal solutions) works when we change our space-time reference frame and move by relative motion. The example we have chosen concerns a hyperbolic conservation equation for a single chemical component, in one dimension of space. The relativistic study requires us to consider four-vectors, which can also be seen as the general necessity, of quantum origin, of placing ourselves in an open system. This is the case for entropy in the pair (entropy, entropy flow), or for the system considered in the pair (resource, resource flow). Lorentz invariance then concerns entropy production in particular, and not scalar entropy alone. The usual relativistic relations of length contraction and time dilation extend to resources and their flows: we can combine the two classes of relations and demonstrate complementary type relations between resources and their flows on the one hand, and the times and spaces concerned on the other, i.e. between the two classes of finiteness: if times are finite, so are resources, which can be neither zero nor infinite.

Abstract: This paper takes the three stages of the generation, spatial separation, and detection of quantum entanglement as the main line, systematically analyzes the formation mechanism, correlation factors, and their action mechanisms of quantum entanglement, and proposes an experimental verification scheme based on Malus' law. The research shows that the formation of quantum entanglement mainly depends on physical conservation laws such as angular momentum conservation. Its correlation factors can be divided into physical local correlations and non - physical non - local correlations. The experimental verification results show that under the existing technical conditions, the polarization detection scheme can be used to distinguish between logical correlations and mysterious correlations, providing new ideas for the improvement of the quantum entanglement theory.

Abstract: This paper derives the discrete structure of observable quantities—eigenvalues and quantized states—as a natural consequence of the Total Entropic Quantity (TEQ) framework. Starting from two foundational axioms—(1) entropy as geometric structure, and (2) a minimal principle selecting stable distinctions—we show that quantization emerges not as a postulate but as a result of entropy curvature. Eigenstates appear as local minima in entropy-resolvent state space, and eigenvalues define stability classes of distinguishable structure. We further show that the entropy-weighted path integral admits a natural zeta-regularization, and that the spectrum of entropy-stable modes lies entirely on the critical line Re(s) = 1/2. As a consequence, the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) is reinterpreted as a structural condition of entropy stability. Combining this with a contradiction argument—showing that RH and the Goldbach Conjecture (GC) cannot both be false—we conclude: if GC holds and the TEQ framework is valid, then RH must also hold. These results suggest a unified perspective—one in which both quantization and arithmetic regularity arise from the same thermodynamic principle of resolution. Whether one adopts this framework in full or simply considers its coherence, the geometry of entropy flow offers a compelling lens through which physical and symbolic structure may be reinterpreted.

Abstract: This paper introduces a theoretical framework in which all physical phenomena arise from the oscillatory interactionbetween two coupled dynamical fields: a time deformation field, and a space inertia field. These fields exchange energythrough a closed system of evolution equations, forming the basis for a unified interpretation of mass, force, wavepropagation, and field behaviour.In this model, mass is not fundamental but emerges from the confined energy of a stable time-space oscillator.Electromagnetic, gravitational, and thermal phenomena are shown to result from specific configurations of this coupling.Entropy is reinterpreted as the rigidity of proper time under motion, and heat as the irreversible dispersion of timedeformation.The framework recovers known physical laws — including Newtonian mechanics, Maxwell’s equations, and Einstein’srelation — as limiting cases of the same underlying dynamic process. This approach offers a unified andmechanistic basis for classical and quantum behaviour, while suggesting new directions for modelling particles, fields, andenergy transport at all scales.

Abstract: This work explores the interplay between gravity and probability. Specifically, we investigate how the probability distribution of a physical system can become distorted in the presence of a gravitational field. Drawing upon fundamental principles of probability theory, we analyze the modifications introduced by active gravitational influences. Our study leverages key concepts from general relativity, including the Ricci tensor and the energy-momentum tensor, to provide a theoretical framework for understanding this distortion. By proposing a geometric interpretation of probability, this work aims to stimulate new perspectives on the structure and behavior of probabilistic systems.

Abstract: We propose a novel theoretical framework introducing time density (ρ_t) as a scalar field representing the local density of temporal flow. This field is hypothesized to affect the effective speed of light, redshift phenomena, and gravitational coupling, offering reinterpretations for observed cosmic acceleration, CMB uniformity, and dark matter effects. We present a field equation for (ρ_t) , develop its implications through dimensional and metric analysis, and outline testable experimental configurations including redshift lensing and analog temporal gradients. The model maintains Lorentz invariance locally and encourages future inquiry into time as a physical medium. While exploratory, it aims to contribute to ongoing discussions in cosmological theory, reframing standard interpretations through a temporally refractive lens.

Abstract: Today’s physics describes nature in “empirical concepts” (based on observation). Examples are coordinate space/coordinate time in special relativity (SR), curved spacetime in general relativity (GR), and concepts of objects (particles, matter waves, photons, electromagnetic waves). Here we show: There is a complementary description that does not interfere with SR/GR. Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “natural concepts” (immanent in all objects). Examples are proper space/proper time, curved worldlines in 4D Euclidean space (ES), and “wavematters” (pure energy). An object’s proper space d₁, d₂, d₃ and proper time τ span its reference frame d₁, d₂, d₃, d₄ in ES (d₄ = cτ). The orientation of its reference frame in absolute ES can change. All energy moves through ES at the speed of light c. Each object experiences its 4D motion as proper time. Two fundamental properties of time are absoluteness and vector property. There is a “cosmic evolution parameter” θ (absolute time). There is also a 4D vector “flow of proper time” τ for each object. Any acceleration rotates an object’s τ and curves its worldline in flat ES. The 4D vector τ is crucial for objects that are very far away or entangled. Information hidden in θ and τ is not available in SR/GR. ER solves 15 riddles, such as the nature of time, the Hubble tension, the wave–particle duality, and the baryon asymmetry. In ER, cosmic inflation, expanding space, dark energy, and non-locality are obsolete concepts.

Abstract: Studies of subradiance in a chain N two-level atoms in the single excitation regime focused mainly on the complex spectrum of the effective Hamiltonian, identifying subradiant eigenvalues. This can be achieved by finding the eigenvalues N of the Hamiltonian or by evaluating the expectation value of the Hamiltonian on a generalized Dicke state, depending on a continuous variable k. This has the advantage that the sum above N can be calculated exactly, such that N becomes a simple parameter of the system and no more the size of the Hilbert space. However, the question remains how subradiance emerges from atoms initially excited or driven by a laser. Here we study the dynamics of the system, solving the coupled-dipole equations for N atoms and evaluating the probability to be in a generalized Dicke state at a given time. Once the subradiant regions has been identified, it is simple to see if subradiance is being generated. We discuss different initial excitation conditions that lead to subradiance and the case of atoms excited by switching on and off a weak laser. This may be relevant for future experiments aimed at detecting subradiance in ordered systems.

Abstract: We present a theoretical framework for designing optical masks useful for implementing Schlieren techniques. We revisit the use of effective transfer functions, for emphasizing the role of masks symmetries. We unveil a statistical model describing phase gradients as randomly located prisms. We disclose the use of two similar coding masks for implementing a Schlieren technique, based on optical autocorrelations. One mask covers the source, and the other mask acts as a spatial filter. We exploit the properties of the Barker sequences, for achieving highly peaked noncyclic autocorrelations. This operation leads to the design of an automatic sensor for phase gradients.

Abstract: As the most promising new reflective display technology, electrowetting displays (EWDs) have the advantages of a simple structure, fast response, high contrast, and rich colors. However, due to the hysteresis effect, the grayscales of EWDs cannot be accurately controlled, which seriously restricts the industrialization process of this technology. In this paper, the oil movement process in an EWD pixel cell was simulated, and the influence of oil viscosity on the hysteresis effect was studied based on the proposed simulation model. Firstly, the cause of the hysteresis effect was analyzed through the hysteresis curve of an EWD. Then, based on the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation environment, the oil movement process in an EWD pixel cell was simulated by coupling the phase field of laminar two-phase flow and electrostatic field. Finally, based on the simulation model, the influence of oil viscosity on the hysteresis effect in an EWD pixel cell was studied. We observed that the maximum hysteresis difference in the hysteresis effect increased with the increase in oil viscosity and decreased with the decrease in oil viscosity. The oil viscosity had little effect on the maximum aperture ratio of EWD. The pixel-on response time and pixel-off response time increased with the increase in oil viscosity.

Abstract: The description of gravitational waves as explosion and implosion waves as predicted by Weber and Wheeler [Rev. Mod. Phys. 29 509 (1957)] in Einstein and Rosen spacetime, has recently been confirmed following observations by the LIGO-VIRGO scientific team [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 061102 (2016)] resulting from the collision of two massive black holes. In this dynamics, we explore a new possibility in the construction of gravitational waves like explosion and implosion waves, the special case of Jordan and Ehlers spacetime, by studying the exact solutions of the Einstein field equations. For this purpose, we use the inverse scattering method of Pomeransky in association with the method of Piran et al. [Phys. Rev. D 32 3101 (1985)] by solving the Einstein field equations in combination with the specific metric derived from Jordan and Ehlers in order to obtain a two-soliton solution with complex conjugate poles that we assimilate to the gravitational wave. Consequently, under certain conditions, we obtain the Einstein and Rosen waves and the Chandrasekhar transcendental waves.

Abstract: This letter proposes a speculative interpretation of quantum entanglement by integrating concepts from string theory, higher-dimensional compactification, and nonlocal correlations. It aims to provide an intuitive, higher-dimensional explanation for the apparent superluminal correlation observed in entangled particles such as electrons.

Abstract: Solar energy reaching the Earth's surface varies due to absorption, reflection, and attenuation by atmospheric components, among other factors. This affects photovoltaic (PV) power production. Given this, a long–term inference of solar energy accessibility through short-term measurements, was performed to maximize PV power production. The clear–sky index (K_t^* ) method was used, completely removing traces of solar energy inhibition and reporting measured radiation to theoretical clear–sky radiation. The solar energy sample was collected in Mozambique along the southern region at Maputo–1, Massangena, Ndindiza, Pembe, the Mid region at Chipera, Nhamadzi, Barue–1, and Barue–2, Lugela-1, Lugela-2, and North-region at Nipepe-1, Nipepe-2, Nanhupo-1, Nanhupo-2, and Chomba, between 2005 and 2024, with a measurement interval of 1 to 10 minutes and 1 hour, during the measurement campaigns of FUNAE, INAM, other was token in the PVGIS, Meteonorm, NOAA and NASA solar database. The analysis reveals a K_t^* with a density close to 1 for clear days, and intermediate-sky days have characteristics between clear and cloudy days. It can be concluded that there is a strong correlation between sky types in the order of 0.95 to 0.89 per station, the correlated energies, and experiences a regression with coefficients in the order of 0.79 to 0.95. According to the sample analysis, the area has the potential to use solar energy, and other locations can apply the same sampling approach to maximize PV output and other solar exploitation projects.

Abstract: The integration of consciousness into the fundamental structure of physical law has long remained beyond the scope of traditional physics. Attempts to unify quantum field theory and general relativity have repeatedly encountered conceptual and mathematical limitations when addressing the observer problem, measurement collapse, and the emergence of macroscopic coherence from microscopic fluctuation. The Collective Unified Equation (CUE) framework proposes a radical restructuring of foundational ontology, wherein geometry, coherence, and cognition co-emerge from a pre-metric substrate M∅, governed by topological, scalar, and directional field interactions.

Abstract: This paper presents the atomic-scale development of the Unified Field Theory (UFT), whereinmatter, charge, and electromagnetic phenomena are described as expressions of confined time-space (TS) resonance. Rejecting the view of particles as point-like objects and forces as abstractcarriers, this model proposes that the proton is a closed, triple-frequency TS vortex, stabilisedthrough internal geometric resonance, likely governed by the Golden Ratio (ϕ). The electron isreinterpreted as a dual-photon ring, formed by two photon-like frequencies spiralling at a ϕ-locked ratio, producing a confined rotational structure with minimal amplitude.The hydrogen atom emerges as a nested resonance system — not through charge attraction, butthrough TS phase alignment between the proton’s outward field and the electron’s inward spiral.Charge and magnetism are unified as simultaneous manifestations of TS curvature and motion,and phenomena such as electric shocks, current flow, and induction are shown to arise from TStearing and reconnection, not from force propagation.This work reconstructs the origin of mass, energy, and orbital structure from first principles, usinga TS resonance model that transcends the particle-based framework of classical and quantumfield theory. Future work will extend this approach to explain isotopes, neutron behaviour, anddecay as consequences of amplitude instability in higher resonance modes of the sameunderlying TS vortex.

Abstract: This study explores the application of Tsallis entropy, a non-extensive entropy measure, to analyze diagnostic patterns of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through simulation. Synthetic data, reflecting real-world ASD behavioral metrics such as social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors, are generated to compute Tsallis entropy, quantifying diagnostic complexity and uncertainty. Using Python, the simulation analyzes entropy variations across mild, moderate, and severe ASD severity levels. Results indicate that Tsallis entropy can distinguish diagnostic profiles, offering insights into ASD heterogeneity. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Abstract: In 1702 with the inauguration in Rome of the great Clementine Gnomon in St. Maria degli Angeli, a 45 m pinhole-meridian line, built upon the will of pope Clemens XI, Francesco Bianchini started the Roman tradition of solar astrometry. Bianchini was inspired by the Heliometer of Giandomenico Cassini, a 67 m pinhole-meridian line realized in Bologna and in operation since 1655. In 1736 Eustachio Manfredi collected the measures of the solar meridian diameters made at the Heliometer since 1655, they encompassed the Maunder minimum of the Sun (1645-1715) and the first 20 years after. The result of a recent reanalysis of these data of Bologna, is that the average solar angular diameter at astronomical unit distance did not change between the Maunder minimum and the 20 years after, but this analysis did not include realistic errorbars, since Manfredi provided only the reduced data. Dedicated observations realized at the Clementine Gnomon in Rome between 2018 and 2025, in various meteorological conditions, contribute to this debate on the solar diameter evolution during and after the Maunder minimum. We compare the meridian diameters measured by Bianchini (raw and reduced) in the winter solstices of 1701-1702 with the ones measured by Sigismondi in 2018-2025 at the same Gnomon and in winter solstices. We provide the observational errorbars, not smaller than ±4” per single measure and systematic diminutions of the observed diameters of -10 mm with respect to the ephemerides, due to the light contrast of the solar image projected onto a white marble. After reducing the data of Rome Bianchini in 1701-1702 measured an angular diameter reduced at 1 AU of θ_Sun=1926”±12”, while us in 2018-2025, with similar observing conditions, obtained θ_Sun=1920”±18”. We can model the errorbars for the measures along the whole year, also for the Heliometer of Bologna, and we find that these data do not meaningfully constrain our current understanding of the Sun’s evolution during and after the Maunder minimum.

Abstract: We propose a unified framework in which spacetime and gravity emerge from the structure of quantum correlations in a single universal wavefunction. In this approach, the full set of allowed correlation patterns of the quantum state is represented geometrically as a high-dimensional convex object, called the correlationhedron. By imposing additional structure on the correlationhedron (namely spherical topology, finite tessellation, and universal constant rotation), we obtain a specialized case dubbed the footballhedron, for its resemblance to a football (soccer ball in American English). Crucially, we show how the footballhedron's radius and angular frequency are linked directly to fundamental quantum information principles, and how this geometric structure is essential for deriving physical laws from the model. Under the footballhedron assumption, key features of relativistic spacetime physics naturally emerge. In particular, the universal correlation rotation speed (analogous to the speed of light) ensures Lorentz symmetry for all observers, while a suitable definition of an emergent metric from the correlation density leads directly to Einstein's field equations of gravity in the emergent spacetime. The finite tessellation assumption (an optional but natural extension) introduces intrinsic informational granularity, providing the theory with a fundamental ultraviolet cutoff at the Planck scale.