Abstract: In this paper, we derive a model for surface temperature variations on the non-illuminated side of a thermally thin semiconducting sample exposed to an optical pulse, incorporating the contribution of surface charge carrier recombinations to semiconductor heating. Based on this model, we analyze the influence of surface recombination velocity and the semiconductor’s plasma properties on the time-domain temperature change at non-illuminated side of semiconducting sample for both plasma-opaque and plasma-transparent samples. Our results show that charge carrier recombinations can have a significant impact on the time-resolved photoacoustic signal recorded with minimum volume cell, suggesting that photoacoustic measurements could be used to determine the electronic properties of semiconductors.

Abstract: String theory compactifications provide a promising framework for unifying gravity and quantum mechanics, predicting extra spatial dimensions whose geometry and topology determine low-energy physics. The dynamics of the associated moduli fields—scalar fields parameterizing the size and shape of these extra dimensions—are governed by an effective potential derived from supergravity, influenced by background fluxes and non-perturbative effects. This potential landscape is typically high-dimensional and highly nonlinear, possessing features known to permit chaotic behaviour in dynamical systems. This paper examines the mathematical structure of moduli dynamics in Type IIB flux compactifications. We delineate the established properties of the governing equations—nonlinearity, coupling, high dimensionality, and sensitivity to discrete flux choices—which are necessary prerequisites for chaos. We then define dynamical chaos precisely, focusing on Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions (SDIC) characterized by positive Lyapunov exponents. By analysing the strict mathematical consequences of SDIC, we demonstrate that chaotic evolution of moduli fields leads to an exponential loss of predictability, can potentially enhance vacuum decay rates, and prevents the reliable stabilization required to match cosmological observations, such as the stability of fundamental constants, the controlled evolution during and after inflation, and the apparent longevity of our universe. We conclude that the observed features of our universe impose a strong phenomenological constraint, requiring that the effective low-energy dynamics originating from string theory must reside within a non-chaotic regime. Viable string vacua capable of describing our universe must therefore correspond to configurations where chaotic dynamics and associated instabilities are either absent or strongly suppressed.

Abstract: Nanostructure-based coloration has been investigated extensively to overcome the limitations of conventional pigments and dyes. In this study, we focused on the dynamic coloration of plasmonic structures via the photothermal deformation of a metal semi-shell. However, identifying the optimal structure using this method typically requires considerable computational time. To address this challenge, we proposed an approach for estimating the optimal structure that reduced computational demands. The color-gamut area is influenced by both the density of the nanospheres and the thickness of the semi-shell. The deformation of the shell due to laser-induced local heating was simulated at various irradiation intensities. The results indicated that the semi-shell thickness that maximized the gamut area for a given nanosphere diameter and density was strongly correlated with both the diameter and density. The estimation of the optimal nanostructure is expected to facilitate the efficient fabrication of dynamic plasmonic color materials.

Abstract: We show that wave-like behavior, interference, and quantization emerge necessarily from two axioms: (1) entropy geometry as the generator of physically distinguishable structure, and (2) a minimal principle selecting trajectories stable under entropy flow. Within the Total Entropic Quantity (TEQ) framework, entropy curvature defines the geometry of resolution, and the stability condition selects log-periodic modes as the only entropy-resilient solutions. From this structure, we derive the entropy-weighted path integral, the Born rule as an asymptotic stability condition, the emergence of discrete spectral modes, and the Schrödinger equation as the limiting case of entropy-flat evolution. Quantum wave behavior is thus not postulated, but structurally selected by entropy geometry. The TEQ framework reinterprets quantum theory as a special case of entropy-stabilized dynamics, where physical law arises not from imposed kinematics, but from the geometry of what can stably be resolved under finite informational precision. In this view, precision is not a matter of external control, but a structural limit: resolution is bounded by entropy curvature, which determines what distinctions can persist.

Abstract: Considering our 4G model of final unification, there exists a nuclear elementary charge of magnitude $2.9464e$ and strong coupling constant, $\alpha_s$, is the squared ratio of ordinary elementary charge to nuclear elementary charge. Nuclear elementary charge is having many applications in nuclear physics and other branches of physics like particle physics, super conductivity, condensed matter physics and unified physics. By refining the general nuclear binding energy formula, there is a possibility for defining a set of binding energy coefficients assumed to be linked with the strong coupling constant in the form of $k\frac{\left(2.95e\right)^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 \left(1.25 \;fm\right)}\cong \left(\frac{k}{\alpha_s}\right)\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 \left(1.25 \;fm\right)}$ where $k\cong \left(1.0 \;to\; 2.0\right)$. By minimizing the error bars in the estimated binding energy, there is a chance for fixing the value of the strong coupling constant. Based on volume, surface, coulomb, asymmetry, pairing and congruent terms, it seems possible to fit the binding energy of isotopes of Z=1 to 137 and needs fine tuning for heavy isotopes of light proton numbers. Another interesting point is that, surface, coulomb and asymmetry energy coefficients can be considered as variable coefficients. Coulomb energy point of view, it is noticed that, increasing number of neutrons help in minimizing the nuclear radii against the coulomb repulsion. With reference to protons, neutrons and the coulomb energy, nuclear radii, $R_\left(Z,N\right)\cong \sqrt{1-\left(\frac{N-Z}{A}\right)^2} \times A^{\frac{1}{3}}1.25\; fm\cong \left[Z^{\frac{1}{3}}+ \left(Z^2 N\right)^\frac{1}{9} \right]0.79\;fm$

Abstract: This paper explores theoretical extensions to the Spinor Universe framework, focusing on its implications for cosmology, information theory, life sciences, and causality. We introduce and formalize novel concepts such as cosmogenic capital, the morphon field, and topological molecular chirality, and we evaluate their role in the evolution of coherence and determinism throughout the universe. Each section builds toward a broader view of the universe as a system that not only evolves, but learns through its own structure. For a more technical and in-depth formalism of the structure, see this article’s prequel: The Spinor Universe

Abstract: In recent years, defect detection based on ultrasound B-scan images has been widely utilized in industry to detect the quality and presence of defects in products. However, there are still some difficulties in the process of processing B-scan images, such as sampling noise, huge amount of data and so on. In this paper, we analyse the acoustic characteristics of ultrasound B-scan image time series, design an image preprocessing method to make the image information gray-scale lossless, and propose a screening method for ultrasound B-scan image segments containing defects based on the theory of image entropy and recurrence diagram. Comparison experiments between this method and the traditional image entropy screening algorithm show that this method can solve the above difficulties to a certain extent and has its own superiority. The method proposed in this paper provides a new idea for processing ultrasound B-scan image sequences, and presents a new choice when the traditional method is in limitation.

Abstract: This study investigates hadronic masses with a focus on scalar/vector mesons and baryons with spins of ℏ2 and 3ℏ2, excluding orbital angular momentum. A novel model based on Kaluza-Klein theory is presented, simulating the Standard Model and expanding it to ten dimensions: one temporal, three spatial, and six compactified. The model proposes that excitations, similar to light-speed ripples in 10D spacetime, generate mass in a 4D universe and exhibit unique spin traits. Parameters are derived from the electron’s g-factor and measured masses of charged leptons, the proton, neutron, and mesons π+,ϕ,ψ,Υ. Crucial parameters include the compactification radius ρ, weak interaction coupling αw, strong interaction coupling αs, and the antineutrino-to-neutrino density ratio δ. Mass calculations for 102 hadrons are performed, with 70 compared to experimental values. A relative error under 0.05 appears in 56% of cases and below 0.1 in 84%, with a correlation coefficient of r=0.997 (p<10−78). Additionally, masses for 32 hadrons are predicted. The model anticipates sterile particles interacting gravitationally, potentially constituting dark matter. The model’s analysis involves the strong, electromagnetic, and weak forces, depicted with equations and figures. Notably, asymmetry in electromagnetic, and to a lesser extent, weak forces might elucidate dark energy.

Abstract: This paper investigates the behavior of a hydrogen atom in Schwarzschild spacetime using Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime (QFT-CS), employing a novel global Cartesian-like coordinate system and the vierbein formalism. Our primary contribution is the discovery of a gravitational length contraction effect encoded in the modification of electron’s probability density, quantified as $B_0^2 = e^3_z$, which emerges from solving the Dirac equation and reveals a spatial compression subtle near Earth ($\Delta B_0^2 \sim 10^{-26}$ across the bohr radius) but significant in stronger fields. We further reinterpret gravitational redshift and time dilation as local quantum phenomena driven by atomic energy-level modulation via $e^t_0$, challenging their classical depictions and proposing time as a process-specific parameter rather than a universal dimension. These findings advance the quantum-gravitational synthesis, offering new insights into spacetime’s interaction with quantum systems and suggesting testable signatures in extreme gravitational environments.

Abstract: At-a-Glance For the first time, a single operator equation simultaneously solves three Millennium-class problems— 1.Four-dimensional Yang–Mills mass gap 2.Three-dimensional Navier–Stokes finite-time blow-up counterexample 3.Cosmological constant (vacuum-energy) cancellation mechanism—while fully preserving gauge, gravitational, and thermodynamic consistency.Key Highlights (10-Second Summary) ・Mass Gap Proof: Analytic demonstration of a strictly positive lower bound in the spectrum of 4D SU(N) Yang–Mills theory.・NS Blow-Up Counterexample: Explicit construction of a finite-time singularity in the γ → 0 limit of 3D Navier–Stokes.・Vacuum-Energy Cancellation: One-line derivation of “ρ_vac + ρ_Φ = 0” from RG fixed-point β=0 conditions, reproducing observations more precisely than ΛCDM.・Unified Framework: A single CPTP master equation merging reversible quantum dynamics (Dirac–Yang–Mills–gravity) with irreversibility (Lindblad + zero-area resonance kernel).What’s UEE? (What’s New) The Unified Evolution Equation (UEE) is a single operator-valued master equation encompassing reversible, dissipative, and scale-dependent effects in one:・Reversible Sector: A rigorously defined Dirac-type operator implementing vierbein gravity, Standard-Model interactions, and a fractal RG operator.・Dissipative Sector: A zero-order Lindblad generator plus a zero-area resonance kernel that preserves essential self-adjointness, CPTP structure, and entropy monotonicity.

Abstract: This paper presents two fundamental principles that reframe our understanding of the nature of reality: electromagnetic phenomena are two-dimensional and follow the Cauchy distribution; there exists a non-integer variable dimension of spaces. Based on these principles, theoretical justification and methodology for an experiment aimed at testing a fundamental hypothesis about the nature of light are proposed. The study examines whether light propagation in experiments with shadows from thin objects follows the Cauchy distribution (which would be compatible with the exact two-dimensionality D=2.0 of massless electromagnetic fields) or the sinc² function (which is traditionally expected in standard models). The work reveals the deep meaning of time through two interconnected questions: "What is the mechanism of synchronization and why is it the way it is?" and "Why don't we observe absolute synchronization and what causes desynchronization?" The proposed concept of variable dimension of spaces explains the nature of mass as a dimensional effect, arising only when deviating from the critical point D=2.0, offers a new interpretation of the relation $E=mc^2$, and opens a path to resolving fundamental contradictions in modern physics. The results of the proposed reverse slit experiment could have revolutionary implications for understanding quantum mechanics, relativity theory, and the nature of space-time, potentially eliminating the need for concepts such as dark energy, inflationary cosmology, and the beginning of time. The work addresses the misunderstood lessons from the works of Hendrik and Ludwig Lorentz, showing how their original ideas, misinterpreted by subsequent generations, contained keys to a deeper understanding of the fundamental structure of reality.

Abstract: We propose new nonadditive entropy of the apparent horizon $S_K=S_{BH}/(1+\gamma S_{BH}^2)$, where $S_{BH}$ is the Bekenstein--Hawking (BH) entropy and consider the description of new cosmology. When parameter $\gamma$ vanishes ($\gamma\rightarrow 0$) our entropy $S_K$ is converted into BH entropy $S_{BH}$. By using the holographic principle a new model of holographic dark energy is studied. We obtain the generalised Friedmann's equations for Friedmann--Lema\^{i}tre--Robertson--Walker (FLRW) spacetime for the barotropic matter fluid with equation of state $p=w\rho$. From the second modified Friedmann's equation we find a dynamical cosmological constant. The dark energy pressure $p_D$, density energy $\rho_D$ and the deceleration parameter $q$ corresponding to our model are computed. It is shown that at some EoS $w$ and parameter $\gamma$ there are phases of universe acceleration, deceleration and eternal inflation. Our model, with the help of the holographic principle, can describe the universe inflation and late time of the universe acceleration. We show the current deceleration parameter $q_0\approx -0.6$ is realized at some model parameters. We showed that entropic cosmology with our entropy proposed is equivalent to cosmology based on the teleparallel gravity with the function $F(T)$. The generalised entropy of the apparent horizon with the holographic dark energy model may be of interest for new cosmology.

Abstract: Using special functions and orthogonal polynomials, we introduce an algebraic version of quantum field theory for elementary particles. Closed-loop integrals in the Feynman diagrams for computing transition amplitudes are finite. Consequently, no renormalization scheme is required in this theory.

Abstract: The theory states that the first things that existed in the universe until the present moment were moved by influences of the intensity of the specific physical concept. This statement is possible based on the numerous observations that show that the intensity of the specific physical concept can influence specific elements and facts. In this way, it is possible to understand that the study is the possibility of unifying quantum physics with the theory of general relativity. The objective of the study is to help explain the elements and facts of the universe from its origins to the present.

Abstract: We show that the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM)—a discretized, Planck‑scale register that stores the von‑Neumann entropy deposited by microscopic interactions—naturally reproduces the gravitational phenomena attributed to cold dark matter. Coarse‑graining the lattice of quantum imprints endows the macroscopic action with a single, dimensionless information–geometry coupling \texorpdfstring{$\lambda$}{lambda} multiplying the canonical gradient term \texorpdfstring{$(\partial S)^2$}{(∂S)\textsuperscript{2}}, where \texorpdfstring{$S(x)$}{S(x)} is the continuum entropy field. The induced, conserved, and ghost‑free stress–energy tensor \texorpdfstring{$T_{\mu\nu}^{\text{(QMM)}}=\lambda\bigl[(\nabla_\mu S)(\nabla_\nu S)-\tfrac12 g_{\mu\nu}(\nabla S)^2+g_{\mu\nu}\Box S-\nabla_\mu\nabla_\nu S\bigr]$}{T\_munu = ...} behaves as pressure‑less dust whenever \texorpdfstring{$\dot S^{\,2}\ll H|\dot S|$}{Ṡ² ≪ H|Ṡ|}. Implemented in a modified \textsc{CLASS} Boltzmann solver, the QMM component fits \emph{Planck} 2018 and BAO data for \texorpdfstring{$0.5\lesssim\lambda\lesssim2$}{0.5 ≲ λ ≲ 2} and keeps the linear‑growth factor within \texorpdfstring{$0.2\%$}{0.2\%} of \texorpdfstring{$\Lambda$CDM}{LambdaCDM} across all \emph{Euclid} scales. Pilot \texorpdfstring{$N$‑body}{N-body} simulations that evolve the entropy field on a staggered grid reproduce the halo mass function down to dwarf‑galaxy masses while alleviating the sub‑halo and cusp–core tensions. Using a holographically regulated imprinting prescription, we show that entropy deposited across causal surfaces accumulates sufficient gravitational mass to match observed dark matter halos without invoking new particles. Because the imprints are non‑baryonic and collision‑less, QMM lensing maps match those of particle dark matter in merging clusters yet predict percent‑level, scale‑dependent shifts in the convergence power spectrum—observable with the \emph{Roman} High Latitude Survey. An information‑geometric sector with no new particles thus offers a falsifiable alternative to particle dark matter, with clear signatures for forthcoming surveys.

Abstract: Micro-combs - optical frequency combs generated by nonlinear integrated micro-cavity resonators – have the potential to offer the full capability of their benchtop comb-based counterparts, but in an integrated footprint. They have enabled breakthroughs in spectroscopy, microwave photonics, frequency synthesis, optical ranging, quantum state generation and manipulation, metrology, optical neuromorphic processing and more. One of their most promising applications has been optical fibre communications where they have formed the basis for massively parallel ultrahigh capacity multiplexed data transmission. Innovative approaches have been used in recent years to phase-lock, or mode-lock different types of micro-combs, from dissipative Kerr solitons to dark solitons, soliton crystals and others. This has enabled their use as sources for optical communications including advanced coherent modulation format systems that have achieved ultrahigh data capacity bit rates breaking the petabit/s barrier. Here, we review this new and exciting field, chronicling the progress while highlighting the challenges and opportunities.

Abstract: This study explores the influence of relativistic rotational effects on black hole entropy. Specifically, we investigate how the event horizon geometry of Kerr black holes, modified by angular momentum, affects entropy relative to non-rotating Schwarzschild black holes. Using the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy framework and invoking a heuristic analogy to length contraction from special relativity, we propose that increasing angular momentum geometrically contracts the event horizon. This leads to a reduction in its surface area and associated entropy. This geometric thermodynamic relationship offers an intuitive lens to understand the interplay between rotation, gravity, and thermodynamics in black holes.

Abstract: Gravitation is a fundamental phenomenon experienced every moment of our existence, and yet we have not been able to decipher its profound functioning at the quantum and cosmic levels of the universe. The current general relativistic interpretation through curved spacetime, guided by the metric tensor, among others, in Einstein’s equations, combined with the search for quantum gravity, creates insurmountable obstacles to the unification of spacetime with quantum fields, oscillating based on the vacuum energy. Therefore, the dynamic vacuum concept is introduced, allowing the integration10 of quantum fields and spacetime (as emergent) into a single logical framework in the future modified QFT, and the new explanation of gravitation as the thermodynamic tendency of compact, energy denser systems to follow gradients in the vacuum, tending to the state of least energy difference. The emphasis is on conceptual and intuitive cause-and-effect reasoning and the theory of gravitation as a continuum resulting from the slight modifications of Kepler’s third law. Consequently, all the content of the universe — baryons, radiation, dark matter and dark energy, as well as gravitational effects, are unified in one energy content, eliminating the need for dark sector, leading to simplifications in resolving mysteries like the core-cusp anomaly, Bullet cluster case, the cosmic coincidence and cosmological constant problems, and others, including the strange connection between MOND’s acceleration and the Hubble’s constants. This unification frame is mathematically validated by deriving Hubble’s law directly from the new gravitational formula, laying the groundwork for a new model of cosmology.

Abstract: This observational study explores a potential correlation between chanting Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo and variations in local natural radioactivity, building on research into consciousness-matter interactions (e.g., PEAR, GCP). Using a RadiaCode 10X instrument in Mesa, Arizona, measurements were continuously conducted to record Counts Per Second (CPS), ambient dose equivalent rate (µSv/h), and energy spectrum during chanting and control periods. The analysis presented here primarily focuses on CPS and spectral data. The cumulative spectrum showed a prominent low-energy peak, likely environmental X-rays. Spectrogram analysis with ImageJ revealed subtle quantitative changes; a representative session showed higher total counts during chanting (498,432 vs 471,680), consistent across other sessions. Visual inspection also suggested increased CPS variability during chanting. Speculatively, these findings hint at a correlation between the focused psycho-physiological state of chanting and subtle alterations in detected radiation patterns, aligning conceptually with consciousness influencing random systems, potentially considered within frontier frameworks like Orch-OR. Study limitations include the single-subject, observational design and inherent radioactivity randomness. Results are preliminary and require cautious interpretation. This work offers initial empirical data on a novel area, suggesting a potential link between chanting and subtle radioactivity variations, contributing to consciousness-matter interaction research. It acknowledges the spiritual depth of the Buddhist practice extends beyond scientific explanation, yet offers this as "actual proof."

Abstract: Integrated photonic biosensors are quickly changing the game in lab-on-a-chip technologies. These tiny yet powerful devices enable rapid detection of biological and chemical substances without labels or complex processing and deliver high sensitivity in a compact form. In this review, we walk through the core principles behind how these sensors work, how they are designed, and how they are combined with microfluidic systems to create smart, efficient diagnostic platforms. We examine several sensing approaches including resonant photonic structures and interferometric techniques, each bringing its own strengths in terms of accuracy, responsiveness, and scalability. Particular attention is given to complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-compatible materials like silicon and silicon nitride, which play a crucial role in enabling the efficient, high-volume, and cost-effective production of these devices. We highlight recent advances like optofluidic photonic crystal cavities and integrated detector arrays, and their promising applications in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. While challenges remain, such as processing complex biological samples and ensuring consistent large-scale production, emerging materials, flexible electronics, and AI-driven data analysis are paving the way forward. Ultimately, integrated photonic biosensors are poised to lead to a new era of portable, affordable, and high-performance diagnostic tools for real-world use.