Abstract: Limited fossil fuels have created a societal energy crisis necessitating the use of renewable energy. However, existing renewable energy sources are problematic and incur high costs. To solve these problems, we propose a new renewable energy source with a divergent current density and highly symmetric circuits. When starting the circuit, we calculated the large current to be harvested and the output electric power. During our experiments, a significantly large divergent current flowed into a huge resistance, boosting the output electric power to a level almost equal to that of a nuclear power station. In addition, the experimental results were consistent with the theoretical expectations.

Abstract:

Hawking’s cosmology logically leads to an observed multiverse. This article argues it is a superposition of at least three 3-dimensional universes in a 4-dimensional space, of which two dimensions overlap with our universe. Nothing that could disturb the superposition exists outside it. This explains why dark matter causes a linear decrease in gravity with distance to visible mass at large radii in galaxies. To support this, the visible matter distribution in the disks and bulges, calculated by the SPARC team, and the observed rotation velocities have been used. Lelli and Mistele showed that the common way to project dark matter halos around galaxies cannot be valid. Since General Relativity would need these halos too, it must be modified with additional terms, or an added wire-like mass must be modelled in galaxies with the Levi-Civita metric. Bekenstein and the paper in hand respectively do this. Using TeVeS, the decay of the contribution of dark matter to gravity with the expansion of space is confirmed. This explains the rapid development of large galaxies in the early universe as reported by Labbé. A new prediction method for rotation velocities, that works at all radii in galaxies, is 19 to 27 % more accurate than MOND and TeVeS. In galaxy clusters the improvement of the predicted velocity dispersions is 44 to 57 % over a huge range of cluster masses. It gives a logical explanation of the meaning of Milgrom's contant and the Tully-Fisher relationship does directly follow from the hypothesis.

Abstract: The fundamental divergence in foundation of modern physics lies in the incompatibility between quantum theory and relativity. This study created a relative continuum, found a mathematical tool for the cosmic continuum; proposed dark particle hypothesis, filled gap on minimum existence quantity particle; discovered new equivalence principle, bridged differences in foundation of physics; and established an ideal model, revealed deep essence of cosmic and material structure. In this model, any cosmic system is a continuum composed of existence continuum relative to the wavelength of bosons energy waves and its dimension continuum. This model provides new perspectives on the fundamental problems of physics and cosmology. Firstly, it elucidated the physical mechanism of bosons in fundamental interactions. Secondly, it reconstructed the understanding of the basic unit of the cosmic and material structure. Thirdly, it updated the inherent concepts about the existence form and existence dimension. Fourthly, it restored the causality truth of wave function collapse in quantum mechanics.

Abstract: We reformulate the Total Entropic Quantity (TEQ) framework using two axioms, extending the second to include spectral comparison via analytic continuation. This extension formalizes the treatment of renormalization, vacuum energy suppression, and spectral anomalies as structural consequences of entropy geometry. Using the extended Minimal Principle, we derive the exact Casimir energy, explain the chiral anomaly, and reinterpret zeta regularization as a physically grounded method for comparing entropy-curved spectra. Appendices confirm that core quantum corrections—including the Lamb shift and the running of the coupling constant α—remain derivable from the original two axioms. Crucially, these results are obtained without recourse to ad hoc regularization, arbitrary subtractions, or postulated operator structure; instead, regularization and anomaly arise as necessary features of entropy geometry and analytic continuation. These results reinforce TEQ's explanatory economy: a single resolution-based variational principle governs not only quantum dynamics but also spectral comparisons and anomalies. This work preserves axiomatic minimality while extending the empirical and structural reach of the TEQ framework.

Abstract: In physics, the two most successful theories, quantum mechanics and general relativity, appear to be incompatible with each other. Many theorists believe that the reason behind this, is that these theories treat space and time very differently, thus focus their attempts on finding a new way of modelling our universe and more specifically of modelling time [1]. In this paper we take a different approach to modelling the time dimension. We do not treat time as a fixed dimension which is experienced the same way for every phenomenon or interaction of any dimensionality. Instead, we model time to always be the plus one (+1) dimension relative to the dimensions through which a given phenomenon propagates and interacts. This means that time for one phenomenon can behave as space for a higher dimensional phenomenon whose time is a different +1 dimension. Through this dynamic modelling of time, we aim to integrate some of the mathematical tools of both quantum mechanics and general relativity such as Operators, Complex Functions (Wavefunctions), Probabilistic Behaviour, the Metric Tensor and the Einstein Energy Equation. Finally, we investigate the compatibility of our results with other theories and the possible testability of our framework.

Abstract: Inspired by the author 's Riemann hypothesis, this paper attempts to solve the contradiction between general relativity and quantum mechanics in physics. Under the guidance of Euler identity, two important ideas of collision and vibration are introduced. It is concluded that quantum mechanics cannot describe gravity because gravity cannot constitute this dimension of matter. The document deeply discusses the relationship between material dimension and energy, including the stability and change of dimension, the relationship between energy and material, and the relationship between time and dimension. Through detailed assumptions and explanations, this paper provides a new perspective for us to understand the complexity of the material world. It mainly introduces how different dimensions of matter interact, the generation and transformation of energy, and the influence of dimensional changes on matter. The following is a summary of the core content of the paper : the influence of material dimension and energy, the change of dimension, the stability and change of dimension, the relationship between gravitation and material, time and dimension, and the realization of dimension change.

Abstract: Electronic transport through T-shaped double quantum dots (TDQDs) connected to normal metallic leads is studied theoretically by using the nonequilibrium Green's function method. It is assumed that the Coulomb interaction exists only in the central QD (QD-1) that directly coupled to the leads, and is absent in the other reference QD (QD-2) side-coupled to QD-1. We also consider the impacts of Majorana bound states (MBSs), which are prepared at the opposite ends of a topological superconductor nanowire (Majorana nanowire) hybridized to QD-2, on the electrical current and differential conductance. Our results show that by the combined effects of the Coulomb interaction in QD-1 and the MBSs, a phenomenon of negative differential conductance (NDC) emerges near the zero-bias point. Now the electrical current decreases despite of increasing bias voltage. The NDC is prone to occur under the conditions of low temperature and both of the two QDs' energy levels are in resonant to the zero Fermi level. Its magnitude characterized by a peak-to-valley ratio can be enhanced up to 3 by increasing the interdot coupling strength, and depends on the dot-MBS hybridization strength nonlinearly. This prominent NDC combined with the previously found zero-bias anomaly (ZBA) of the differential conductance are useful in designing novel quantum electric devices, and may also serve as an effective detection means for the existence of MBSs which is still a challenge in solid-state physics.

Abstract: This paper presents two fundamental principles that redefine the nature of reality: electromagnetic phenomena are two-dimensional and follow the Cauchy distribution; and there exists a non-integer variable dimensionality of spaces. Based on these principles, the study proposes a theoretical foundation for understanding massless electromagnetic fields and their interaction with matter. Four specific, cost-effective zones of verification and falsification are presented, all accessible with standard laboratory equipment: (1) a reverse slit experiment examining the shadow from a thin object; (2) optimization of single-mode optical fiber transmission; (3) enhancement of astronomical images through Cauchy kernel processing; and (4) modification of satellite communication systems and antenna designs. The central experimental question investigates whether light propagation follows the Cauchy distribution (compatible with exact two-dimensionality D=2.0 of massless electromagnetic fields) rather than the traditionally expected sinc² function. The proposed concept of variable dimensionality explains the nature of mass as a dimensional effect arising only when deviating from the critical point D=2.0, offers a new interpretation of the relationship $E=mc^2$, and reveals the deep meaning of time through information asymmetry and synchronization mechanisms. This framework resolves fundamental contradictions in modern physics and has revolutionary implications for quantum mechanics, relativity theory, and cosmology, potentially eliminating the need for concepts such as dark energy and inflationary cosmology. Further mathematical development demonstrates how the timeless Schrödinger equation emerges naturally as an optimization problem in Fourier space for systems with dimensionality D=2-$\epsilon$, providing a novel interpretation of quantum phenomena as projections between spaces of different dimensionality. A significant advancement in the paper is establishing a deep connection between the proposed principles and Roy Frieden's Extreme Physical Information (EPI) principle, showing how both approaches mutually reinforce each other. The paper demonstrates that at D=2, the Cauchy distribution emerges naturally as the informationally optimal distribution within EPI framework, while deviations from D=2 create precisely the dimensional-dependent Planck's constant previously discovered by Yang et al. This unification of information principles and dimensionality provides a comprehensive information-geometric framework for understanding physical reality. The work draws historical connections to the original ideas of Hendrik and Ludwig Lorentz, showing how these concepts, misinterpreted by subsequent generations, contained keys to understanding the fundamental structure of reality. The theoretical framework receives unprecedented empirical validation through analysis of 700,000 Hubble Space Telescope stellar observations across 20 sky regions, revealing the unique signature predicted by Principle I: universal convergence to Moffat parameter $\alpha \approx 2.0$ without detectable dispersion, confirming the squared Cauchy distribution of electromagnetic intensity. All data and reproducible analysis code are publicly available, enabling verification by any researcher within hours.

Abstract: Background:The Standard Model (SM) has been successful, yet it fails to explain the origin of fermion masses and mixing parameters. Methods:In this study we construct the single-fermion framework “Information Flux Theory (IFT),” derived from the Unified Evolution Equation. IFT preserves gauge symmetry while replacing Standard Model fields with a single fundamental operator, yielding analytic solutions without adjustable parameters.Results:IFT reproduces all SM particle masses—including the 125 GeV Higgs mass—and the CKM matrix within current experimental precision, requiring neither additional particles nor fine-tuning. Conclusion:These results demonstrate that IFT can fully replace the Standard Model with a single-fermion description, providing a conceptually simpler yet phenomenologically complete foundation for particle physics.Supplement:This paper includes proofs for two Clay Millennium Problems: the Yang–Mills mass gap and the Navier–Stokes equations.Note Added:Furthermore, as a result of this series of studies, the origin of gravity has now been clarified.

Abstract: Dosimetric analysis is a critical component in radiation therapy delivery. In radiation therapy, bolus materials are frequently used to alter the dose distribution. In this study, we used Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters (OSLDs) to carry out a thorough dosimetric examination of several bolus materials when used with high-energy photon beams. Our research aimed to assess the performance of various bolus materials in terms of dose enhancement and surface dose. The findings of this study offer important insights into choosing the best bolus material for a particular clinical situation, optimizing treatment outcomes, and ensuring proper patient care.

Abstract: We investigate the theoretical connection between galactic chemical evolution processes and the spatial distribution of giant exoplanets. Using a combined approach that integrates core accretion theory with galactic-scale metallicity gradients, we develop a framework to understand how cosmicscale processes might influence planetary formation efficiency. Our model incorporates stellar feedback mechanisms, planetary migration, and destruction processes within a galactic context. We derive theoretical predictions for observable correlation patterns and discuss the physical mechanisms that could link galactic evolution to planetary demographics. The framework provides testable hypotheses for understanding the large-scale organization of planetary systems within galactic environments.

Abstract: The Momentum-First (M-First) framework, introduced via postulates, has been shown to resolve several long-standing physical anomalies. This paper shows, in the large-$N$ BFSS limit, that the M-First relations follow from supersymmetry in M-Theory. We present a derivation of the M-First rules from the single foundational principle of supercharge conservation in the Banks–Fischler–Shenker–Susskind (BFSS) matrix model. First, we prove that conservation of the 16 supercharges in any scattering process rigorously implies the M-First kinematic rule of Absolute Directional Momentum Conservation; second, we show that preserving this same supersymmetry in the low-energy effective theory of interacting D0-branes mandates that the emergent gravitational potential, $\Phi_g$, enters the energy–momentum relation quadratically, i.e.\ $\hat{M}_g^2 = \hat{M}^2 + \Phi_g$. Hence M-First is elevated from a set of postulates to a framework derived from the fundamental principles of M-Theory.

Abstract: We present the first geometric-analytic proof of the reverse isoperimetric inequality for black holes in any dimension. The proof holds for compact Riemannian hypersurfaces in AdS (and dS) and seems to be a generic property of black holes in the extended phase space formalism. Using Euclidean gravitational action, we show that, among all hypersurfaces of given volume, the round sphere in the $D$-dimensional (Anti-)de Sitter space maximizes the area (and hence the entropy). This analytic result is supported by a geometric argument in a $1+1+2$ decomposition of spacetime: gravitational focusing enforces a strictly negative conformal deformation, and the Sherif–Dunsby rigidity theorem then forces the deformed 3-sphere to be isometric to round 3-sphere, establishing the round sphere as the extremal surface, in fact, a maximally entropic surface. Our work establishes that the reversal of the usual isoperimetric inequality occurs due to the structure of curved background governed by Einstein's equation, underscoring the role of gravity in the reverse isoperimetric inequality for black hole horizons in (A)dS space.

Abstract: The Landauer-Büttiker formalism provides a fundamental framework for mesoscopic transport, typically expressing conductance in units of the quantum of conductance, e2/h. Here, we present a theoretical study of electron transport in a two-dimensional (2D) quantum wire. This system features a wide transverse confinement and a longitudinal, high-energy, narrow potential barrier. The derivation, performed within the Landauer framework, yields an analytical expression for the total conductance that is explicitly independent of Planck's constant (h). Instead, the conductance is found to depend solely on the Fermi energy, the electron effective mass, the wire width, and the effective barrier strength. We interpret this as an emergent phenomenon where the explicit signature of the electron's wave-like nature, commonly manifest through Planck's constant (h) in the overall scaling of conductance, is effectively absorbed within the energy- and geometry-dependent sum of transmission probabilities. This allows the conductance to be primarily governed by the Fermi energy, representing a 'state-counting' quantum parameter rather than more wave-like characteristic.

Abstract: This article adopts a cross-disciplinary approach and a theoretical universe which has been 100% unified by a Theory of Everything or theory of quantum gravity, so that every microscopic and macroscopic object and event in space and time is connected. Phenomena such as geometry, topological materials, electrons, phase transitions, Weyl and Majorana fermions are inextricably related to topics like consciousness, gravity, Wick rotation, the Riemann hypothesis, and the cosmos. It’s interested in expressing unfamiliar ideas that might lead to new knowledge concerning physics and mathematics. The article’s foundation is an approach called Vector-Tensor-Scalar Geometry which seeks, in scientific tradition, to build on a paper Albert Einstein published in 1919 when he was at the peak of his abilities, having completed his General Relativity Theory a mere handful of years earlier. From the foundation, our Ship of the Imagination - to use a phrase from Carl Sagan’s and Neil deGrasse Tyson’s “Cosmos” - launches into topics like the connections between topology (rubber-sheet geometry), time dilation, consciousness, the nature of gravity, the Riemann Hypothesis, Wick rotation, the Higgs boson and field, topological materials, the Weyl fermion, and the Majorana fermion.

Abstract: This paper conducts a technical study on a method for determining the occurrence threshold of wind shear based on historical sounding data. After analyzing the impact of low-altitude wind shear on aircraft flight safety, a method for determining the occurrence threshold of wind shear based on historical sounding data is proposed. A statistical analysis of the sounding data from the test area over a period of 15 years from 2010 to 2024has been conducted, which includes the occurrence events and probability statistics of 1000m wind shear for all 12 months of the year. Simulation results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method for determining the occurrence threshold of wind shear based on historical sounding data in the test area, forming a method that can be extended to all altitude ranges of aircraft flight and all flight regions globally. This statistical method provides a technical foundation for the efficient detection of wind shear at local airports and enhances flight safety at these airports.

Abstract: We present a field-theoretic framework in which constraint-enforced entropy minimization governs the evolution of quantum, geometric, and gauge structures. Collapse onto constraint manifolds is defined as a variational projection, yielding Morse-type resolution structures and regularity conditions without relying on symmetry assumptions. This short note outlines how Sobolev-type admissibility and stratified structure arise directly from entropy minimization over field space.

Abstract: We present a novel quaternion-based algebra framework to reformulate and elegantly prove Fermat’s Last Theorem of an even power, without reliance on modular forms or elliptic curves. By embedding the Diophantine equation a²ⁿ + b²ⁿ = c²ⁿ into the complexified hypercomplex algebra ℍ_ℂ, we define a noncommutative map A = aⁿ e₁ + bⁿ e₂ + i cⁿ e₃ in terms of three anti-commutative quaternion basis elements. Leveraging quaternionic exponential identities, we show that exp(i2pA) ≠ 1 for all 2n greater than 2, unless the integers a = b = c = 0, thus ruling out nontrivial solutions. We draw a physical analogy with Einstein’s mass–energy relation for quantized energy, momentum, and mass, which corresponds to the n=2n = 2n=2 case. For higher even exponents, the lack of integer solutions suggests a deeper constraint on discrete spacetime variables, motivating extensions to octonionic and sedenionic algebraic structures.

Abstract: We introduce Chronon Field Theory (CFT), a unified framework based on a smooth, unit- norm, future-directed timelike vector field Φμ(x) that dynamically generates local causal struc- ture. Without presupposing a background metric, CFT derives aspects of spacetime geometry, gauge interactions, and quantum behavior from the topological and differential properties of Φμ. Gravitational dynamics, emergent U(1) and electroweak-like interactions, and solitonic excita- tions exhibiting spin, mass, and fermionic statistics arise naturally within the framework. The theory is power-counting renormalizable and supports a geometric unification of bosonic and fermionic sectors. CFT offers novel perspectives on several foundational challenges, including the problem of time, the structure of particle generations, CP violation, and the nature of the dark sector. While some of these results remain exploratory, numerical simulations demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of temporal foliation, causal order, and topologically stable excita- tions via symmetry breaking. These findings suggest that a topologically ordered temporal field may underlie the architecture of physical law, with implications for testable predictions across gravitational, quantum, and cosmological domains.

Abstract: We present a theoretical framework in which spacetime geometry, gravity, and gauge fields emerge as successive derivatives of a single real scalar field Φ defined over a five-dimensional manifold, including a fractal-like internal dimension χ. This model, termed the Derivative Vacuum Framework (DIM), proposes that temporal, gravitational, and gauge phenomena correspond to the first, second, and higher-order derivatives of Φ along χ, respectively. We construct a fundamental action with scale-dependent couplings and demonstrate, via Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) techniques, the existence of a non-Gaussian ultraviolet fixed point. In the infrared, the field dynamically relaxes to a maximally symmetric “derivative vacuum” state. Complementary simulations reveal emergent gauge-like tensor fields, persistent fractal scaling in power spectra, and long-term self-organization under dissipation. These findings are supported by analytical derivations and further correlated with astrophysical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), where a nontrivial fractal dimension D2 ≈ 2.5 emerges. The DIM model thus provides a geometrically grounded, renormalizable, and empirically testable pathway toward unification, supported by both numerical and observational evidence. A detailed companion document includes full simulations, derivations, and data analyses.