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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0037.v1

Recommendations for Healthy Daytime, Evening, and Night-Time Indoor Light Exposure

Timothy Brown, George Brainard, Christian Cajochen, Charles Czeisler, John Hanifin, Steven Lockley, Robert Lucas, Mirjam Munch, John O'Hagan, Stuart Peirson, Luke Price, Till Roenneberg, Luc Schlangen, Debra Skene, Manuel Spitschan, Celine Vetter, Phyllis Zee, Kenneth Wright Jr.

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: light; circadian; melatonin

Online: 1 December 2020 (16:06:08 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0129.v1

Oil Palm in the 2020s and Beyond: Challenges and Solutions

Denis Murphy, Kirstie Goggin, Russell Paterson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: oil palm; breeding; sustainability; certification; diseases; basal stem rot; phytophthora; climate change; modelling; supply chains; biodiesel; covid-19

Online: 7 December 2020 (08:50:30 CET)

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Background Oil palm (OP), Elaeis guineensis , is by far the most important global oil crop, supplying about 40% of total traded vegetable oil. Palm oils are key dietary components consumed daily by over three billion people, mostly in Asia, and also have a wide range of important non-food uses including in cleansing and sanitising products. Main body Oil palm is a perennial crop with a >25-year life cycle and an exceptionally small land footprint compared to annual oilseed crops. Oil palm crops globally produce an annual 81 million tonnes (Mt) of oil from about 19 million hectares (Mha). In contrast, the second and third largest vegetable oil crops, soybean and rapeseed, yield a combined 84 Mt oil but occupy over 163 Mha of increasingly scarce arable land. Despite this advantage, oil palm has acquired a poor environmental reputation, especially in Europe and North America, although soybean planting is now responsible for more deforestation. Oil palm crops face other challenges in the 2020s. On the demand side, these include changing consumer purchasing habits, threats to global trade systems, and diminishing demand for liquid fuels as transport systems become increasingly electrified. On the supply side, major issues include stagnant yields in ageing plantations, sluggish replanting of improved varieties, labour shortages, diseases and climatic/ environmental threats. The latter include the increasing incidence of new and existing pests/diseases and a general lack of climatic resilience, especially relating to elevated temperatures and increasingly erratic rainfall patterns. This review surveys the oil palm sector in the 2020s and beyond, its major challenges and options for future progress. Conclusions Oil palm crops face many future challenges, including emerging threats from climate change and new pests and diseases, that require more effective international collaboration. Nevertheless, new breeding technologies are providing the promise of improvements, such as much higher yielding varieties, improved oil profiles, enhanced disease resistance and modified crop architecture to enable harvesting mechanisation. The industry also needs to redouble its efforts to engage with global consumers in a constructive dialogue aimed at addressing its image problem and explaining the many benefits of its products.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0123.v1

Repellent Effect of the Pandanus (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) Against Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Slamet Fauzi, Sigit Prastowo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Sitophilus oryzae; Natural insecticides; Pandanus amaryllifolius; Azadirachta indica

Online: 6 July 2021 (08:07:57 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0121.v1

SARS-CoV-2 Origin: An Affair of Codons?

Antonio Ramón Romeu, Enric Ollé

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 origin; Furin Cleavage Site; Arginine Codon Usage; Bioinformatics

Online: 4 June 2021 (08:00:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0149.v1

Advances in Melon Breeding (Cucumis melo L.): An Update

Hari Kesh, Prashant Kaushik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: breeding; diversity; genetic engineering; genomics; male sterility; melon; QTLs

Online: 7 October 2020 (09:22:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0077.v1

How Glutamate Is Managed by the Blood-Brain Barrier

Richard A. Hawkins, Juan R. Viña

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: glutamate; glutamine; BBB (blood brain-barrier); brain; oxoproline; amino acid transport

Online: 23 September 2016 (03:23:29 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Review of Infective Dose, Routes of Transmission, and Outcome of COVID-19 Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Comparison with Other Respiratory Viruses

Sedighe Karimzadeh, Raj Bhopal, Huy Nguyen Tien

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: infective dose; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; respiratory viruses; viral load; viral dynamics

Online: 22 October 2020 (10:34:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0104.v1

Comparative Distal Limb Anatomy Reveals a Primitive Trait in 2 Breeds of Equus caballus

Sharon May-Davis, Zefanja Vermeulen, Wendy Y. Brown

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: 2nd, 3rd, 4th interosseous muscle; Dutch Konik; Bosnian mountain horse; donkey; Przewalski; zebra; atavism

Online: 9 April 2019 (11:32:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0327.v1

Cannabis Yield Increased Proportionally With Light Intensity, but Additional Ultraviolet Radiation Did Not Affect Yield or Cannabinoid Content

David Llewellyn, Scott Golem, Elizabeth Foley, Steve Dinka, Max Jones, Youbin Zheng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cannabis; UV; cannabinoid; yield

Online: 11 March 2021 (16:18:09 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0664.v1

How to Become a Crab: Phenotypic Constraints on a Recurring Body Plan

Joanna M. Wolfe, Javier Luque, Heather D. Bracken-Grissom

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Crustacea; Anomura; Brachyura; Carcinization; Phylogeny; Convergent evolution; Morphological integration

Online: 25 December 2020 (13:31:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0027.v1

Impaired Adipose Tissue Expansion Caused by LXR Activation is Associated with Insulin Resistance in HFD Mice

Yueting Dong, Zhiye Xu, Ziyi Zhang, Xueyao Yin, Xihua Lin, Qianqian Pan, Hong Li, Fenping Zheng

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Liver X receptor (LXR); Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ); Adipose expansion; Insulin resistance

Online: 10 October 2016 (07:56:30 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0247.v1

Epigallocatechin-Gallate and Theaflavin-Gallate Interaction in SARS CoV-2 Spike-Protein Central-Channel with Reference to the Hydroxychloroquine Interaction: Bioinformatics and Molecular Docking Study

Smarajit Maiti, Amrita Banerjee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS CoV-2; COVID 19; pandemic global-outbreak; Spike glycoprotein; ACE2; PatchDock; hydroxychloroquine

Online: 15 April 2020 (10:50:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0108.v1

Quantifying Mosaic Development: Towards an Evo-Devo Postmodern Synthesis of the Evolution of Development via Differentiation Trees of Embryos

Bradly Alicea, Richard Gordon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: developmental biology; computational biology; lineage trees; embryogenesis; biological complexity

Online: 10 August 2016 (11:36:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0629.v1

A Comprehensive Review of the Coffee Leaf Miner Leucoptera Coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), With Special Regard to Neotropical Impacts, Pest Management and Control

Juliana Dantas, Isabela Motta, Leonardo Vidal, João Bílio, Júlia M. Pupe, Adriano Veiga, Carlos H. S. Carvalho, Rogerio B. Lopes, Thales L. Rocha, Luciano P. Silva, José R. Pujol-Luz, Érika V.S. Albuquerque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: resistance; cultivar; biopesticide; biological control; chemical control; life cycle; CLM

Online: 30 October 2020 (08:52:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0151.v1

Expression and Potential Function of Plasma Exosomal microRNAs (miR-483-5p, miR-671-5p, and miR-150-3p) in a Mouse Mode and in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Shaofeng Yan, Guiyang Liu, Wenyan Xie, Dawei Meng, Hua Zhang, Fangang Meng, Kai Zhang, Yin Jiang, Xin Zhang, Jianguo Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: epilepsy; exosoma; microRNA

Online: 30 December 2016 (07:43:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0208.v1

Oligonol Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Pancreatic Damage by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses via Oxidative Stress-Dependent MAPK/NF-kB Signaling

Chan Hum Park, Joo Young Lee, Sung Ho Shin, Min Yeong Kim, Eun Suk Lee, Yu Su Shin, Young Ock Kim, Sang Won Lee, Jae Sue Choi, Takako Yokozawa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: oligonol; diabetes; pancreas; antioxidative stress; anti-inflammation

Online: 30 May 2017 (06:29:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0079.v1

Effects of NPS and Bio-organic Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Gozamin District, East Gojjam, Ethiopia

Addisu Ebbisa, Tadele Amdemariam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Faba Bean; Farmyard Manure (FYM); Nodulation; NPS Fertilizers; Rhizobium; Yield

Online: 2 February 2021 (09:40:58 CET)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0167.v1

Profiling the Immune Vulnerability Landscape of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus

James Zhu, Jiwoong Kim, Xue Xiao, Yunguan Wang, Danni Luo, Ran Chen, Lin Xu, He Zhang, Guanghua Xiao, Xiaowei Zhan, Tao Wang, Yang Xie

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: 2019-nCoV; Immune; B cell; T cell; COVID-19

Online: 13 February 2020 (10:53:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0014.v1

Complementariness and Functional Parcellation of Neurotrophin Actions on the Oculomotor System

Beatriz Benítez-Temiño, María A. Davis-López De Carrizosa, Sara Morcuende, Esperanza R. Matarredona, Rosa R. de la Cruz, Angel M Pastor

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Trophic factors; nervous system; development; plasticity; axotomy

Online: 7 October 2016 (09:51:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0118.v1

Uncovering Spatio-Temporal and Treatment-Derived Differences in the Molecular Physiology of a Model Coral-Dinoflagellate Mutualism with Multivariate Statistical Approaches

Anderson Mayfield

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: acclimation; coral reefs; endosymbiosis; molecular biology; multivariate statistics; temperature; upwelling

Online: 11 August 2016 (11:03:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0192.v1

Demands of Geometry on Color Vision

Dale Purves, Chidambaram Yegappan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: trichromacy; opponency; color circularity; spectral images; unique colors; four-color map problem; perception

Online: 23 August 2016 (10:34:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0050.v1

Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL1RA) and Interleukin-4 (IL4) Genes Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) Are Associated with Adiposity in Malaysian Subjects

Yung-Yean Kok, Hing-Huat Ong, Yee-How Say

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra); Interleukin-4 (IL-4); Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR); obesity; adiposity; Malaysia.

Online: 10 January 2017 (10:27:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201808.0535.v1

Establishing Laboratory Cultures and Performing Ecological and Evolutionary Experiments with the Emerging Model Species Chironomus Riparius

Quentin Foucault, Andreas Wieser, Ann-Marie Waldvogel, Markus Pfenninger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Chironomus riparius, laboratory cultures, experimental evolution

Online: 30 August 2018 (15:57:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0491.v1

Rapamycin and Rapalogs

Dudley Lamming

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: mTORC1; mTORC2; rapamycin; rapalog; aging; lifespan; longevity

Online: 22 February 2021 (15:34:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0016.v1

Anaphase A: Melting Microtubules Move Chromosomes toward Spindle Poles

Charles L. Asbury

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: anaphase A; kinetochore; chromosome-to-pole motion; pac-man; microtubule poleward flux; conformational wave; biased diffusion

Online: 5 February 2017 (09:39:32 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Rhizosphere Microbiome Modulators: Contributions of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria towards Sustainable Agriculture

Nicholas Ozede Igiehon, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: microbiomes; next generation sequencing, plant yield; rhizobacteria; rhizosphere; sustainable agriculture

Online: 25 January 2018 (17:41:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0490.v1

The Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 Play Key Roles in Immune Suppression/Evasion, Drug Resistance, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Metastasis in Several Human Cancers

Kevin Dzobo, Musalula Sinkala

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: CD44; Cancer Stem Cells; Tumorigenesis; Drug Resistance; Immune Markers; Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition; Therapeutic Targeting

Online: 25 January 2021 (12:23:49 CET)

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One of the most used markers of cancer stem cells in several cancers, including colorectal cancer and breast cancer, is CD44. CD44 is a glycoprotein that traverses the cell membrane and binds to many ligands including hyaluronan resulting in activation of signaling cascades. Several reports have shown conflicting data on the expression of CD44 and that the expression depends on modes of investigations and subtypes of cancers. In addition, the correlation between CD44 expression and drug resistance, immune infiltration, EMT, metastasis and patients prognosis in several cancer types remains unclear. This study investigated CD44 expression in several cancers and explored its relationship with tumorigenesis using various publicly available databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, GEPIA, Oncomine, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Our analysis reveals that CD44 is differentially expressed in different cancers. CD44 expression is significantly associated with cancer patients’ survival in gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. In addition, CD44 expression is closely linked with immune infiltration and immune suppressive features in pancreatic, colon adenocarcinoma and stomach cancer. High CD44 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of drug resistance-, EMT- and metastasis- linked genes. Tumors expressing high CD44 have higher mutation burden and afflict older patients than tumors expressing low CD44. Cell lines expressing high CD44 are more resistant to anti-cancer drugs compared to those expressing low CD44. Protein-protein interaction investigations and functional enrichment analysis showed that CD44 interacts with gene products related to cell-substrate adhesion, migration, platelet activation, and cellular response to stress. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes play key roles in biological adhesion, cell component organization, locomotion, G-α-signaling and the response to stimulus. Overall, this investigation reveals that CD44 play significant roles in tumorigenesis, can be used as a prognostic biomarker in several cancers and can be therapeutically targeted in cancer therapy.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0519.v1

Harnessing Agronomics Through Genomics and Phenomics in Plant Breeding: A Review

Zhiwu Zhang, Chunpeng Chen, Jessica Rutkoski, James Schnable, Seth Murray, Lizhi Wang, Xiuliang Jin, Benjamin Stich, Jose Crossa, Ben Hayes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Genomic selection; GWAS; Bayesian methods; BLUP; Image analysis; Machine learning

Online: 22 March 2021 (11:21:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0460.v2

Ideas in Genomic Selection with the Potential to Transform Plant Molecular Breeding: A Review

Matthew McGowan, Jiabo Wang, Haixiao Dong, Xiaolei Liu, Yi Jia, Xianfeng Wang, Hiroyoshi Iwata, Yutao Li, Alexander E. Lipka, Zhiwu Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: plant breeding; genomic selection; Bayes; BLUP; machine learning

Online: 18 November 2020 (11:21:50 CET)

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Preprint ESSAY | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0436.v1

Revisiting Van Valen's Red Queen Hypothesis

Ricard Sole

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Complexity; population dynamics; Red Queen; scales; coevolution; extinction

Online: 16 April 2021 (11:02:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0016.v1

Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress

Yanli Liu, Hongxu Yang, Yinhua Zhao, Min Zhang, Yongjin Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: periodontitis; the periodontal ligament stem cells; the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2; oxidative stress; apoptosis

Online: 4 April 2017 (08:58:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0532.v1

Potential Role of Cellular Senescence on Coronavirus Infections

Prem Chapagain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cellular senescence; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; aging

Online: 30 April 2020 (13:58:41 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0400.v1

Susceptibility of the Elderly to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: ACE-2 Overexpression, Shedding and Antibody-dependent Enhancement (ADE)

Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron, Helder Nakaya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; ACE-2

Online: 27 March 2020 (02:48:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0111.v1

A Y-Shaped Microfluidic Device to Study the Combined Effect of Wall Shear Stress and ATP Signals on Intracellular Calcium Dynamics in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Zong-Zheng Chen, Zheng-Ming Gao, De-Pei Zeng, Bo Liu, Yong Luan, Kai-Rong Qin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Y-shaped microfluidic device; wall shear stress; adenosine triphosphate (ATP) signal; combined effect; vascular endothelial cells; calcium dynamics

Online: 22 November 2016 (09:51:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0212.v1

Activation of the EGF Receptor by Ligand Binding and Oncogenic Mutations: The “Rotation Model”

Endang R. Purba, Ei-ichiro Saita, Ichiro N. Maruyama

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cancer; cell-surface receptor; EGFR; molecular mechanism; phosphorylation; receptor tyrosine kinase; transmembrane signal transduction

Online: 30 May 2017 (08:34:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0060.v1

COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

Renuka Raman, Krishna J. Patel, Kishu Ranjan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; variants; vaccines; immune dysregulated; comorbidities; antibody; Spike protein; biomolecules; coronavirus

Online: 2 June 2021 (09:56:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0076.v1

The Advantage of Inactivated Vaccine for Preventing the Omicron Outbreak

Xinbo Lian, Jianping Huang, Li Zhang, Yingjie Zhao, Danfeng Wang, Shuoyuan Gao, Rui Wang, Xiaodong Song

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: COVID-19; Omicron; inactivated vaccines

Online: 4 March 2022 (09:10:15 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0097.v1

Goat Milk: Compositional, Technological, Nutritional, and Therapeutic Aspects

Ahmed R. A. Hammam, Saleh M. Salman, Mohamed S. Elfaruk, Khalid A. Alsaleem

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Goat population; Goat milk; Milk production; Milk composition; Goat cheese; Therapeutic properties

Online: 3 August 2021 (15:57:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0168.v1

Nursery Culture of Mud Crab, Genus Scylla, a Review: The Current Progress and Future Directions

Muhammad Nur Syafaat, Mohamad Nor Azra, Khor Waiho, Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi, Mohammad Syahnon, Ghazali Azmie, Hongyu Ma, Mhd Ikhwanuddin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aquaculture; shellfish; future food; nursery stage; mud crab; juvenile; seed production; hatchery; crablet; breeding

Online: 5 February 2021 (16:18:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0631.v1

Zeolite-microfragmenting Media: A Potential Strategy to Accelerate Coral Growth

Izzul Islam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Coral Growth; Microfragmentation; Transplantation; Zeolite

Online: 30 October 2020 (09:01:07 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0212.v1

Biological Constraint as a Cause of Aging

David Gems, Carina Kern

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; antagonistic pleiotropy; biological constraint; hyperfunction; hypofunction; programmatic aging; trade-off

Online: 16 May 2022 (14:02:16 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0304.v1

Cryopreservation for Tree Species with Recalcitrant Seeds: the Avocado Case

Chris O'Brien, Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage, Raquel Folgado, Alice Hayward, Sean Lahmeyer, Jim Folsom, Neena Mitter

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Vitrification; cooling; abiotic; biotic; stress; browning

Online: 14 December 2020 (08:17:26 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0299.v1

Lactate, A Phoenix Rising in Contemporary Biology

George Brooks

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Lactate Shuttle; Lactate; Exercise; Postabsorptive Metabolism; Postprandial Metabolism; Gene Adaptation; Muscle; Fiber Type; Gluconeogenesis; Glycogenolysis

Online: 13 September 2020 (16:31:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0183.v1

A Novel Non-Invasive Selection Criterion for the Preservation of Primitive Dutch Konik Horses

Sharon May-Davis, Wendy Y Brown, Kathleen Shorter, Zefanja Vermeulen, Raquel Butler, Marianne Koekkoek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Dutch Konik; Metacarpal; Metatarsal; primitive horse; splint bones; Tarpan

Online: 29 November 2017 (07:01:17 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0271.v1

Elephants, Mobility and Captivity: What Can These Mighty and Majestic Animals Teach Us About Joint Health and Osteoarthritis?

Ali Mobasheri, Carol Buckley

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: osteoarthritis; African elephant; Asian elephant; captivity; mobility

Online: 11 December 2020 (08:49:07 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0284.v1

Building Consensus around the Assessment and Interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae Diversity

Sarah Davies, Matthew H. Gamache, Lauren I. Howe-Kerr, Nicola G. Kriefall, Andrew C. Baker, Anastazia T. Banaszak, Line K. Bay, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Debashish Bhattacharya, Cheong Xin Chan, Danielle C. Claar, Mary Alice Coffroth, Ross Cunning, Simon K. Davy, Javier del Campo, Erika M. Diaz-Almeyda, Jorg C. Frommlet, Lauren E. Fuess, Raul A. Gonzalez-Pech, Tamar L. Goulet, Kenneth D. Hoadley, Emily J. Howells, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Dustin W. Kemp, Carly, D. Kenkel, Sheila A. Kitchen, Todd C. LaJeunesse, Senjie Lin, Shelby McIlroy, Ryan McMinds, Matthew R. Nitschke, Clinton A. Oakley, Raquel S. Peixoto, Carlos Prada, Hollie M. Putnam, Kate Quigley, Hannah G. Reich, James Davis Reimer, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Stephanie Rosalas, Osama S. Saad, Eugenia M. Sampayo, Scott Santos, Eiichi Shoguchi, Edward G. Smith, Michael Stat, Timothy G. Stephens, Marie E. Strader, David J. Suggett, Timothy D. Swain, Cawa Tran, Nikki Traylor-Knowles, Christian R. Voolstra, Mark E. Warner, Virginia M. Weis, Rachel Wright, Tingting Xiang, Hiroshi Yamashita, Maren Ziegler, Adrienne M.S. Correa, John Everett Parkinson

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Symbiodinaceae; genetic diversity; coral symbiosis

Online: 21 June 2022 (04:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0363.v1

Linking Omics and Gene Editing Tools for Rapid Improvement of Traditional Food Plants for Diversified Foods and Sustainable Food Security

Ajay Kumar, Anju T, Sushil Kumar, Sushil Satish Chhapekar, Sajana Sreedharan, Sonam Singh, Nirala Ramchiary, Su Ryun Choi, Yong Pyo Lim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Traditional food crops; Climate change; Food security; Omics; Translational genomics; Gene editing

Online: 14 June 2021 (13:02:24 CEST)

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The indigenous communities across the globe especially in the rural areas consume locally available plants known as Traditional Food Plants (TFPs) for their nutritional and health-related needs. Recent research shows that many of the traditional food plants are highly nutritious as they contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, mineral elements and other nutrients. Excessive reliance on the mainstream staple crops has its own disadvantages. TFPs are nowadays considered important crops of the future and can act as supplementary foods for the burgeoning global population. They can also act as emergency foods in times of pandemics and other situations like COVID-19. The current situation necessitates locally available alternative nutritious TFPs for sustainable food production. To increase the cultivation or improve the traits in TFPs, it is essential to understand the molecular basis of the genes that regulate some important traits such as nutritional components and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. The integrated use of modern omics and gene editing technologies provide great opportunities to better understand the genetic and molecular basis of superior nutrient content, climate-resilient traits and adaptation to local agroclimatic zones. Recently, realising the importance and benefits of TFPs, scientists have shown interest in the prospection and sequencing of traditional food plants for their improvements, further cultivation and mainstreaming. Integrated omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and ionomics are successfully used in plants and have provided a comprehensive understanding of gene-protein-metabolite networks. Combined use of omics and editing tools has led to successful editing of beneficial traits in few TFPs. This suggests that there is ample scope of integrated use of modern omics and editing tools/techniques for improvement of TFPs and their use for sustainable food production. In this article, we highlight the importance, scope and progress towards improvement of TFPs for valuable traits by integrated use of omics and gene editing techniques.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0131.v1

Calcium Sparks in Cardiac Cells in Silico

Alexander Ryvkin, N.S. Markov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: calcium signaling; calcium release; sparks; ventricular cardiac myocytes; RyR-channels

Online: 30 June 2017 (11:29:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0085.v1

Bacterial Plant Biostimulants: A Sustainable Way Towards Improving Growth, Productivity, and Health of Crops

Basharat Hamid, Muzafar Zaman, Shabeena Farooq, Sabah Fatima, R. Z. Sayyed, Zahoor Ahmad Baba, Tahir Ahmed Sheikh, M S Reddy, Hesham El Enshasy, Abdul Gafur, Ni Luh Suriani

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Abiotic Stress; Ethylene; Jasomic acid; Mineral solubilization; Phytostimulants

Online: 2 March 2021 (12:17:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0018.v1

Interactions Between Food, Feeding and Diets in Crustaceans: A Review

Mohd Amran Aaqillah-Amr, Ariffin Hidir, Mohamad N Azra, Mat Noordin Noordiyana, Mhd Ikhwanuddin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Food; feeding; diets; macro-micronutrients; feeding behavior; pellet-animal performances

Online: 1 February 2021 (12:08:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0150.v1

Impaired skin barrier due to sebaceous gland atrophy in the latent stage of radiation-induced skin injury: application of non-invasive diagnostic methods

Hyosun Jang, Hyunwook Myung, Janet Lee, Jae Kyung Myung, Won-Suk Jang, Sun-Joo Lee, Chang-Hwan Bae, Hyewon Kim, Sunhoo Park, Sehwan Shim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: radiation; skin barrier; sebaceous gland; transepidermal water loss; skin pH

Online: 23 November 2017 (08:33:29 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0531.v1

Omics in Major Cereals: Applications, Challenges, and Prospects

Balwinder Kaur, Karansher S. Sandhu, Roop Kamal, Kawalpreet Kaur, Jagmohan Singh, Marion S. Röder, Quddoos H. Muqaddasi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cereals; omics; gemomics; transcriptomics; proteomics; metabolomics; phenomics.

Online: 20 April 2021 (11:25:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0018.v1

Zebrafish Xenograft: An Evolutionary Experiment in Tumour Biology

Rachael A. Wyatt, Nhu P. V. Trieu, Bryan D. Crawford

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: xenograft; zebrafish; extracellular matrix; matrix metalloproteinases; MMPs

Online: 6 September 2017 (08:55:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0419.v1

In vivo Modelling of Toxicity of Eight Commercial Artificial Sweeteners in Daphnia Neonates and Zebrafish Embryos through Cardiac Performance Assessments

Ferry Saputra, Yu-Heng Lai, Rey Arturo Fernandez, Allan Patrick G. Macabeo, Hong-Thih Lai, Jong-Chin Huang, Chung-Der Hsiao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: artificial sweeteners; zebrafish; Daphnia; cardiac performance; toxicity

Online: 18 September 2020 (04:47:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0212.v1

Taxonomy and Species Delimitation in Cyanobacteria

Alessio Papini, Sara Falsini, Tiruha Habte Karssa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Arthrospira; species concept; typus; species concept in prokaryotes

Online: 8 March 2021 (11:18:31 CET)

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Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes whose taxonomy follows the same rules of a code (the International Botanical Nomenclature Code, IBNC) built for eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. Hence, names of cyanobacteria follow the same rules and are assigned to biological entities (species) that should correspond to eukaryotic species. The main difficulty in the current situation is that the species concept in eukaryotes is based theoretically mainly on the biological species concept, that is centered on genetic exchange through sexual reproduction or lack of them. However, as shown, this difference is important from a theoretical point of view, but also in eukaryotes, the boundaries between different species are very rarely checked experimentally by direct observation of sexual barriers and hybridization events. The main concept for species delimitation is hence that related to morphology and, more recently and always in relation to morphology, DNA sequences. The introduction of distances obtained from matrixes of aligned sequences in the framework of a barcoding project provides a quantitative interpretation of species delimitation in relation to genetic distance that can be used both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, the introduction of quantitative criteria needs the definition of distance thresholds to identify the boundaries between different species and, for doing that, it is necessary to test the distance thresholds in models of traditionally defined and recognized species. An alternative approach may be the comparison of the molecular distance (quantitative approach) to data about the capability of strains/species to exchange genetic information. Unfortunately data about this last question is still scarce. The adoption of molecular criteria to check species boundaries based on morphological characters has proved particularly challenging in cyanobacteria: a known example is provided. In conclusion, the only possible approach appears to be the association of molecular data to the increase of available data about the cell structure and the variation thereof in different physiological situations, particularly at the ultrastructural level. A further necessity is the check of the typus for a large number of cyanobacteria species, often based on old basionyms. In many of these cases the typus is often a drawing and more rarely a herbarium specimen or a microscope slide. In many cases an epitypification or a neotypification appears to be necessary.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0135.v1

Present Status and Re-Description of Luciobarbus barbulus Heckel 1849 a Cyprinidae Species of IRAN

Jalal Valiallahi, Brian W. Coad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cyprinidae; Luciobarbus barbulus; Luciobarbus; taxonomy; Iran

Online: 27 September 2017 (04:19:31 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201911.0084.v1

The Dorsal Column Nuclei Neuroanatomy Reveals A Complex Sensorimotor Integration and Distribution Hub

Alastair J. Loutit, Richard M. Vickery, Jason R. Potas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: brainstem sensory nuclei; somatosensation; secondary afferents; posterior column

Online: 8 November 2019 (04:07:34 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0273.v1

Current Research on Microbe-Plastic Interactions in the Marine Environment

Mira Latva, Vinko Zadjelovic, Robyn Wright

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Plastisphere; Plastic biofilms; Microbial communities; Marine plastic pollution; Plastic biodegradation

Online: 12 July 2021 (22:12:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201907.0196.v1

Pathological Mechanisms Underlying Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Daniel Missailidis, Sarah Annesley, Paul Fisher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, ME/CFS, diagnosis, metabolism, mitochondria, inflammation, immune system, signaling, gut microbiota.

Online: 16 July 2019 (12:41:26 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0205.v3

The Anomalous Nature of the Fecal Swab Data, Receptor Binding Domain and Other Questions in RaTG13 Genome

Monali Rahalkar, Rahul Bahulikar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: RaTG13; SARS-COV-2; Illumina sequencing, amplicon sequencing, NGS; fecal swab

Online: 5 October 2020 (12:20:17 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0026.v1

µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission

Elisabetta Tosti, Raffaele Boni, Alessandra Gallo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: conotoxin; µ-conotoxin; ion current; sodium channel; pain transmission

Online: 8 September 2017 (08:22:26 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0402.v1

From m⁶A to Cap-Adjacent m⁶Am and Their Effects on mRNAs

Trinh Tat, Daniel Kiss

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Epitranscriptome; PCIF1; N6; 2’-O-dimethyladenosine; cap-adjacent m6Am; cytoplasmic capping

Online: 16 November 2020 (08:56:55 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0766.v1

The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Adrian S. Monthony, Serena R. Page, Mohsen Hesami, Andrew Maxwell P. Jones

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cannabis; marijuana; marihuana; tissue culture; review; regeneration; floral reversion; micropropagation; TDZ; DKW

Online: 30 December 2020 (17:24:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0367.v1

Physical Impact of a Typical Training Session With Different Volumes on the Day Preceding a Match in Academy Soccer Players

Tom Douchet, Christos Paizis, Nicolas Babault

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Tapering; Workload; Performance; Microcycle; Youth

Online: 23 September 2022 (09:27:20 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0220.v1

Chromatographic Methods for Evaluation of the Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions Related with Pork Quality

Nadezhda V. Bogolyubova, Sergei Yu Zaǐtsev

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: chromatography; amino acids; fatty acids; pork analysis; adipose tissue; muscle tissue; nutritional factors.

Online: 9 December 2020 (11:14:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0047.v2

Re-description of Luciobarbus barbulus Heckel 1849 a Cyprinidae species of Persia

Jalal Valiallahi, Brian W. Coad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cyprinidae; Luciobarbus barbulus; Luciobarbus, Iran; taxonomy

Online: 1 October 2017 (06:30:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0094.v1

Corn Silage, Meta-Analysis of The Quality and Yield of Different Regions in the World

Isidro García-Chávez, Edgar Meraz-Romero, Octavio Castelán-Ortega, Joob Zaragoza Esparza, Jorge Osorio Avalos, Lizbeth Esmeralda Robles Jimenez, Manuel González-Ronquillo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: cornsilage; meta analysis; milk production

Online: 5 October 2020 (14:29:20 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Incorporating Machine Learning Into Bioinformatics Frameworks

Noam Auslander, Ayal Gussow, Eugene Koonin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: machine learning; deep learning; bioinformatics; phylogenetics; cancer evolution

Online: 17 February 2021 (09:40:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0232.v2

Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Clinacanthus nutans on Fatty Acid Composition and Gene Expression in Male Obese Mice

Samiaa Jamil Abdulwahid, Meng Yong Goh, Mahdi Ebrahimi, Norhafizah Mohtarrudin, Zailina Binti Hashim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: obesity; plant secondary compound; Clinacanthus nutans; gene expression

Online: 24 April 2018 (10:04:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0063.v1

The Matrisome during Aging and Longevity: A Systems-Level Approach towards Defining Matreotypes Promoting Healthy Aging

Collin Ewald

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: matreotype; proteomics; transcriptomics; lifespan; extracellular matrix; ECM; collagen; MMP; homeostasis

Online: 5 August 2019 (14:22:17 CEST)

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Accumulation of damage is generally considered the cause of aging. Interventions that delay aging mobilize mechanisms that protect and repair cellular components. Consequently, research has been focused on studying the protective and homeostatic mechanisms within cells. However, in humans and other multicellular organisms, cells are surrounded by extracellular matrices (ECM), which are important for tissue structure, function and intercellular communication. During aging, components of the ECM become damaged through fragmentation, glycation, crosslinking, and accumulation of protein aggregation, all of which contribute to age-related pathologies. Interestingly, placing senescent cells into a young ECM rejuvenates them and we found that many longevity-assurances pathways re-activate de-novosynthesis of ECM proteins during aging. This raises the question of what constitutes a young ECM to reverse aging or maintain health? In order to make inroads to answering this question, I suggest a systems-level approach of quantifying the matrisome or ECM compositions reflecting health, pathology, or phenotype and propose a novel term, the “matreotype”, to describe this. The matreotype is defined as the composition and modification of ECM or matrisome proteins associated with or caused by a phenotype, such as longevity, or a distinct and acute physiological state, as observed during aging or disease. Every cell type produces its unique ECM. Interestingly, cancer-cell types can even be identified based on their unique ECM composition. Thus, the matreotype reflects cellular identity and physiological status. Defined matreotypes could be used as biomarkers or prognostic factors for disease or health status during aging with potential relevance for personalized medicine. Treatment with biologics that alter ECM-to-cell mechanotransduction might be a strategy to reverse age-associated pathologies. An understanding of how to reverse from an old to a young matreotype might point towards novel strategies to rejuvenate cells and help maintain tissue homeostasis to promote health during aging.

Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0038.v1

Arguments that Prehistorical and Modern Humans Belong to the Same Species

Rainer Kühne

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Neandertals, Denisovans

Online: 6 May 2019 (08:39:54 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0187.v1

Basic Mechanism of Sweating and Its Role in Temperature and Appetite Regulation: An Ayurvedic Perspective

Sushil Kumar Dubey, Anam Aftab, Suyash Tripathi, Ramesh Kant Dubey, Shivani Srivastava, Yamini Bhusan Tripathi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: sweat; sveda; Pitta; Svedavaha srotasa; thermoregulation; digestion; Agni

Online: 18 August 2019 (02:18:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0047.v1

Present status and re description of Iranibarbus or Luciobarbus barbuls Heckel 1849 a valid Cyprinidae species of Iran

Jalal Valiallahi, Brian W. Coad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cyprinidae; Luciobarbus barbulus; Luciobarbus, Iran; taxonomy

Online: 12 September 2017 (09:31:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0197.v1

Theoretical Explanation for Reduced Body Mass Index and Obesity Rates in Cannabis Users

Thomas Clark, Jessica Jones,, Alexis Hall, Sara Tabner, Rebecca Kmiec

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Cannabis, obesity, body mass index, CB1R, AEA, 2-AG, meta-analysis, theory, causation

Online: 11 July 2018 (11:49:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0444.v1

Breeding for Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Eggplant: Progress and Prospects

Meenakshi Sharma, Prashant Kaushik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Eggplant, Galls, Meloidogyne, Root-knot, Nematodes

Online: 16 April 2021 (11:50:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0245.v1

Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Transcriptome of the Human Corneal Endothelium in Association with Age Effecta

Sarbojoy Saha, Shampa Barmon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: corneal; pediatric; adult; corneal endothelial dystrophies; total RNA; gene expression; gene sets; transcriptome

Online: 15 June 2018 (05:42:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0066.v1

Multifarious Roles of GRAS Transcription Factors in Plants

Priya Kumari, Mrinalini Kakkar, Vijay Gahlaut, Vandana Jaiswal, Sanjay Kumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: GRAS protein, DELLA, Intrinsically Disordered Proteins, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal association, abiotic stress

Online: 2 March 2021 (10:01:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0048.v1

Body Weight Loss, Tissue Wasting and Shortened Lifespan in Late Middle-aged Mice on Imbalanced Essential/Non-essential Amino Acids Diet

Giovanni Corsetti, Evasio Pasini, Claudia Romano, Riccardo Calvani, Anna Picca, Emanuele Marzetti, Vincenzo Flati, Francesco S. Dioguardi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Aging, Nutrition, Diet, Muscle atrophy, Body wasting, Food choice

Online: 5 February 2018 (23:43:16 CET)

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Working Paper TECHNICAL NOTE

Application of Flow-Virometry for Large-Scale Screening of COVID 19 Cases

Niraja Soni, Puja Pai, Raja Krishna Kumar G., Venkatesh Prasad, Santanu Dasgupta, Bhaskar Bhadra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: COVID-19; Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); SAR-CoV-2; flow cytometry; flow virometry; viral particles; herpes simplex virus; HSV; nanoparticles

Online: 12 May 2020 (07:45:53 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0054.v1

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

Thomas P. Agyekum, Paul K. Botwe, John Arko-Mensah, Ibrahim Issah, Augustine A. Acquah, Jonathan N. Hogarh, Duah Dwomoh, Thomas Robins, Julius N. Fobil

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Anopheles mosquito; Body size; Fecundity; Gonotrophic cycle; Immature stage; Insecticide; Longevity; Temperature

Online: 5 May 2021 (12:41:25 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0155.v1

Rho GTPases – Emerging Regulators of Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health

Lisbeth L.V. Møller, Amira Klip, Lykke Sylow

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Rho GTPases; metabolism; glucose homeostasis; GLUT4 translocation; skeletal muscle; pancreas; insulin; diabetes; ageing

Online: 13 April 2019 (05:20:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0675.v1

Sex-biased Expression of Pharmacogenes Across Human Tissues

Maria Laura Idda, ILARIA CAMPESI, Giovanni Fiorito, Andrea Vecchietti, Silvana Anna Maria Urru, Maria Giuliana Solinas, Flavia Franconi, Matteo Floris

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: pharmacogenes; transcripts; sex-bias; drug metabolism; sex differences

Online: 28 June 2021 (15:08:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0428.v1

Dynamical Feedback Control: Motor Cortex as an Optimal Feedback Controller Based on Neural Dynamics

Christopher Versteeg, Lee Miller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Motor Control; Feedback; Dynamical Systems

Online: 28 January 2022 (08:03:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0708.v1

Phytochemicals as Therapeutics Against COVID-19: An In-Silico Study

Debraj Koiri, Ditam Chakraborty, Pranotosh Das, Rajkumar Rana, Soumyanil Chatterjee, Tanmoy Das, Paltu Kumar Dhal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Phytochemicals; SARS-CoV-2; S-Protein; Molecular docking; ACE 2

Online: 28 December 2020 (16:51:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0203.v2

A Guide to Curating New World Melastomataceae Collections with a Linear Generic Sequence to World-Wide Melastomataceae

Fabian Michelangeli, Frank Almeda, Renato Goldenberg, Darin Penneys

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Herbarium curation; Melastomataceae; Neotropics; New World; Taxonomy

Online: 19 October 2020 (11:16:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0424.v1

One-Stop Method to Measure Multiple Cardiac Performance Endpoints in Daphnia and Zebrafish by Kymograph

Kevin Adi Kurnia, Ferry Saputra, Marri Jmelou M. Roldan, Agnes L. Castillo, Jong-Chin Huang, Kelvin H.-C. Chen, Hong-Thih Lai, Chung-Der Hsiao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: ImageJ; Kymograph; Cardiac Performance; Zebrafish; Daphnia

Online: 21 October 2020 (09:31:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0538.v1

Designing Effective Wolbachia Release Programs for Mosquito and Arbovirus Control

Perran Ross

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Wolbachia, Aedes, population replacement, population suppression, incompatible insect technique

Online: 20 April 2021 (11:51:55 CEST)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0657.v1

Is it Possible that Cells have had More than One Origin?

Sávio Farias, Marco Jose, Francisco Prosdocimi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: monophyly; progenotes; membrane evolution; origin of biological systems

Online: 25 December 2020 (12:29:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0321.v2

The Integration of Sociality, Monoamines, and Stress Neuroendocrinology in Fish Models: Applications in the Neurosciences

Marta C. Soares, Robert Gerlai, Caio Maximino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: neuroendocrinology; social behaviour network; mesolimbic reward system; aversive behaviour network

Online: 19 June 2018 (10:09:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0059.v1

Effect of Salinity on Morphological Characteristics, Biochemical Accumulation, and Essential Oil Yield and Composition in Black Horehound (Ballota nigra L.)

Mehdi Younessi Mehdikhanlou, Zahra Dibazarnia, Shahin Oustan, Vinson Teniyah, Ramesh Katam, Nasser Mahna

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Ballota nigra; salinity; antioxidant; enzyme activity; phytochemical composition

Online: 2 August 2021 (16:31:13 CEST)

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Black horehound (Ballota nigra L.) is one of the important medicinal plants, which is a rich source of health-promoting essential oils. Salinity stress affects plant development and alters the quality and quantity of plants extracts and their composition. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on morphological, physiological characteristics, and secondary metabolites of B. nigra under greenhouse, and in vitro culture conditions. The plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 75, 100 mM) and fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem were measured as well as morphological characteristics of the plant. Plant growth was reduced with the increased salinity concentrations. The results showed that all growth-related traits and SPAD were decreased both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, increased salt concentration affected the cell membrane integrity. Total phenolics content of plants growing in the greenhouse, increased by 21% at 50 mM NaCl, but at higher stress levels (100 mM NaCl), the amounts were decreased significantly. Total flavonoids contents followed similar patterns, with a slight difference. In addition, the maximum and minimum total phenolics contents of plants growing under in vitro condition were observed at 50 mM NaCl and control treatments, respectively. Increasing the salt concentration significantly affected the total flavonoids content, and as a result, the highest amount was observed in 50 and 75 mM NaCl treatments. Antioxidant activity was also measured. Among the NaCl treatments, the highest DPPH scavenging activities (IC50) under greenhouse and in vitro conditions were detected at 50 mM and 25 mM concentrations, respectively. In general, based on the results, with increasing the salinity level to 75 mM, the activities of CAT and APX were significantly upregulated in both greenhouse and in vitro culture conditions. A correlation between total phenolics and flavonoids contents as well as antioxidant activity were obtained. With shifting salinity stress, the type and the amount of the identified essential oil compounds changed. Compounds such as styrene, tridecanol, germacrene-D, beta-Ionone, beta-bisabolene, and caryophyllene oxide increased compared to the controlled treatment.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0626.v1

A Novel Therapeutic Target, BACH1, Regulates Cancer Metabolism

Jiyoung Lee, Joselyn Padilla

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: BTB and CNC homology 1 BACH1; mitochondrial metabolism; glycolysis; heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1); mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC); Nrf2 (encoded by Nfe2l2); metformin; hemin; breast cancer; lung cancer

Online: 29 January 2021 (13:57:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0092.v1

Chronotype and Social Jetlag - a (self-)critical review

Till Roenneberg, Luisa Pilz, Giulia Zerbini, Eva Winnebeck

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: sleep-wake timing; circadian clock; entrainment; light; period; phase

Online: 8 May 2019 (11:11:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0320.v1

Potential Synergistic Supplementation of NAD+ Promoting Compounds as a Strategy for Increasing Healthspan

Arastu Sharma, Sophie Chabloz, Elisabeth M. Roider, Collin Y. Ewald

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: aging; longevity; supplements; geroprotectors; SIRT1; NAD+; NMN; resveratrol; nutraceuticals; age-related diseases; flavonoids; senolytics; healthspan

Online: 17 November 2022 (02:51:11 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0681.v1

Understanding Root Rot Disease in Agricultural Crops

Bruce A. Williamson-Benavides, Amit Dhingra

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Fungi; oomycetes; resistance; susceptibility; molecular mechanisms; quantitative trait loci; mapping

Online: 28 December 2020 (11:12:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0428.v1

Investigation of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Mung Bean through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Azene Tesfaye Desta, Tadesse Feleke

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Heavy metals; ICP-OES; Mungbean; Seed; Shewarobit

Online: 16 March 2021 (14:29:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0274.v1

The Non-Uniform and Asymmetric Thermal Radiation upon the Human Physiological Responses in Outdoor Environment

Yoshihito Kurazumi, Kenta Fukagawa, Tomonori Sakoi, Ariya Aruninta, Ken Yamashita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: asymmetry; mean skin temperature; non-uniform; outdoor environment; physiological response; skin temperature; solar radiation

Online: 16 July 2018 (10:46:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0135.v1

Fermentation Technology as a Driver of Human Brain Expansion

Katherine Bryant, Christi Hansen, Erin Hecht

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: evolution diet; metabolism; australopith; encephalization; hominin; colon; behavioral ecology

Online: 6 October 2020 (15:14:56 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0560.v1

Microbiome-Inspired Green Infrastructure (MIGI): A Bioscience Roadmap for Urban Ecosystem Health

Jake Robinson, Harry Watkins, Ioana Man, Craig Liddicoat, Ross Cameron, Brenda Parker, Marcos Cruz, Laura Meagher

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: MIGI; microbiome-inspired green infrastructure; microbiome; urban microbiome; nature-based intervention; biodiversity; greenspace; green infrastructure; multispecies urbanism; EcoHealth

Online: 21 April 2021 (09:01:13 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Importance of Interactions between Food Types and Feeding Behavior in Diet Formulation for Crustaceans: A Review

Mohd Amran Aaqillah-Amr, Ariffin Hidir, Mohamad N Azra, Mat Noordin Noordiyana, Mhd Ikhwanuddin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: Food; feeding; diets; macro-micronutrients; feeding behavior; pellet-animal performances

Online: 8 February 2021 (14:10:19 CET)

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Preprint HYPOTHESIS | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0168.v1

Tissue Tectonics and the Multi-Scale Regulation of Developmental Timing

Lara Busby, Benjamin Steventon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Anatomy And Physiology Keywords: pattern formation; morphogenesis; systems biology; embryology

Online: 14 June 2020 (12:29:45 CEST)

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Biology and Life Sciences