Abstract: In digital 3D reconstruction of shapes and surface reflectance of ancient paintings and drawings using Photometric Stereo (PS) techniques, normal integration is a key step. However, difficulties in locating light sources, non-Lambertian surfaces, and shadows make the results of this step inaccurate for such artworks. This paper presents a solution for PS to overcome this problem based on some enhancement of the normal integration process and the accurate measurement of Points of Interest (PoIs). The mutual positions of the LED lights, the camera sensor, and the acquisition plane in two custom-designed stands, are measured in laboratory as system calibration of the 3D acquisition workflow. After an introduction to the requirements and critical issues arising from the practical application of PS techniques to artworks, and a description of the newly developed PS solution, the measurement process is explained in detail. Finally, results are presented showing how normal maps and 3D meshes generated using the measured PoIs’ positions, and further minimized using image processing techniques, significantly limits the outliers and improves the visual fidelity of digitized artworks.

Abstract: Generative AI leads to designs that prioritize cognition, emotional resonance, and health, thus offering a tested alternative to current trends. In a first AI experiment, the large-language model ChatGPT-4o generated six visual environments that are expected to boost creative thinking for their occupants. The six test cases are evaluated using Christopher Alexander’s 15 Fundamental Properties of living geometry as criteria, also using ChatGPT-4o, to reveal a strong positive correlation. Living geometry is a specific type of geometry that shows coherence across scales, fractal structure, and nested symmetries to harmonize with human neurophysiology. The human need for living geometry is supported by interdisciplinary evidence from biology, environmental psychology, and neuroscience. Then, in a second AI experiment, ChatGPT-4o was asked to generate visual environments that suppress creativity, for comparison to the cases that boost creative thinking. Checking those negative examples using Alexander’s 15 fundamental properties, they are almost entirely deficient in living geometry, thus confirming the diagnostic model. Used together with generative AI, living geometry therefore offers a useful method for both creating and evaluating designs based on objective criteria. Adopting a hybrid epistemological framework of AI plus living geometry as a basis for design uncovers a flaw within contemporary architectural practice. Dominant design styles, rooted in untested aesthetic preferences, lack the empirical validation required to address fundamental questions of spatial quality responsible for human creativity.

Abstract: In a world grappling with the rise of populist leaders and the complexities of governance, this article takes a closer look at former Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte, a leader whose paradoxical and oxymoronic leadership style has deeply impacted the Philippines. Blending strength with vulnerability, toughness with compassion, and authority with relatability, Duterte’s presidency mirrors the resilience and struggles of the Filipino people, shaped by a turbulent history. Much like the resonating “Agong” of Mindanao, a traditional Filipino gong symbolizing unity and cultural identity, his leadership echoes through the world, embodying the contradictions of governance in a society balancing its past and future. Through in-depth qualitative content analysis, enriched by observations and interviews to ensure rigor and reliability, this study uncovers how these paradoxes and oxymorons resonate with global public sentiment, fostering both a sense of belonging and empowerment. By exploring these complexities, the findings emphasize the importance of an engaged and informed citizenry—one that actively shapes its political future while honoring the diverse voices within society. Overall, this paper seeks not only to illuminate Duterte’s leadership but also to inspire readers to recognize their vital role in upholding democratic values and fostering collective resilience.

Abstract:

Augmented reality (AR) is revolutionising education by integrating virtual elements into physical environments, enhancing interactivity and participation in learning processes. This study analyses the impact of AR in higher education, examining its influence on ease of adoption, student interaction, academic motivation and educational sustainability. A quantitative and explanatory design was employed, applying structural equation modelling (SmartPLS) to a sample of 4,900 students from public and private universities. The results indicate that AR significantly improves the ease of adoption (β = 0.867), favouring its implementation. In addition, student interaction increases academic motivation (β = 0.597), impacting on perceived academic performance (β = 0.722) and educational sustainability (β = 0.729). These findings highlight the need to design effective learning experiences with AR to maximise their impact. However, challenges such as technological infrastructure, teacher training and equitable access must be addressed to ensure sustainable adoption. This study provides empirical evidence on the potential of AR to enhance motivation, learning and educational transformation. Future research should explore its effectiveness in diverse contexts to optimise pedagogical strategies and institutional policies.

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The discovery of an Aurignacian lithic assemblage along the northern coast of the Island of Lemnos in the northeast Aegean Sea has opened new perspectives to the study of the beginning the Upper Palaeolithic in Greece. The site is located some 93 m from the present seashore. It was discovered in the summer of 2020 ca 2 km west of the Pournias Bay. The lithics were exposed in a well-defined oval concentration, ca 25x10 metres wide, buried by a Holocene sand dune. They were uncovered after sand removal by a bulldozer for the construction of a parking place. The knapped stones are made almost exclusively from hydrothermal siliceous rocks, a raw material available on the island. Raman spectroscopy and optical observations confirmed that this raw material is chalcedony. The surfaces of most artefacts are weathered due to deposition in an environment rich of marine salt which did not preserve any organic material suitable for radiocarbon dating. The knapped stone assemblage consists of diagnostic artefacts among which are different types of carinated end scrapers, cores, and a few bladelets. The discovery of an Aurignacian site plays an important role in the study of the Palaeolithic peopling of Lemnos and the northeast Aegean in general, a period which was previously known only through Epipalaeolithic sites discovered and exca-vated mainly along the eastern coast of the island.

Abstract:

This study examines the transformation of modern Chinese literary discourse following the May Fourth Movement's repudiation of Confucianism, focusing on the substantial influence of Russian literature. Through the lens of Even-Zohar's polysystem theory, it analyzes how Chinese intellectuals, particularly prominent translators like Lu Xun, Ba Jin, and Yu Dafu, assimilated Russian literary models during the formative stage of modern Chinese literature. The research demonstrates how the translation and adaptation of works by Chekhov, Turgenev, and Tolstoy led to the displacement of traditional Chinese characteristics by Russian literary elements in both form and creative conceptualization. Employing an indirect methodological approach, the study investigates the absence of Chinese-ness in modern literary texts through the interpretation of Russian influences, offering insights into the complex process of literary modernization in China.

Abstract: Water holds a unique position in Iranian architecture, influenced by geographical and cultural factors. In the past, methods of water utilization were rooted in a culture of frugality, and were compatible with the challenge of water scarcity. However, with industrialization and modernization, changes in consumption patterns occurred, posing multiple environmental challenges, including the water crisis in Iran. Therefore, there is a knowledge gap in understanding how contemporary Iranian architecture can adapt itself to challenges of water crisis. The main objective of this article is the recognition of the water heritage in Iranian architecture, aiming to better understand its significance and revitalize effective solutions that are compatible with water scarcity for contemporary architecture. Achieving this goal was facilitated through the analysis of the functions and concepts of water in the tradition of Iranian architecture. The research findings can serve as a valuable guide for sustainable architectural practices during the current water crisis. This research is of an analytical-historical kind. Data collection was carried out using library resources, and the analysis was performed through a descriptive-interpretive method. The present research underscores the importance of revisiting indigenous knowledge in traditional societies, adopting water-efficient criteria, and redefining the conceptual functions of water in Iranian architecture as a necessity to confront current challenges. In other words, it is necessary to revive a combination of efficient water consumption traditions and the forgotten spiritual aspects of water in contemporary Iranian architecture.

Abstract: The recent remarkable progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has renewed the discussion on the possibility of human-level AI. Despite the difficulty of the problem and the presence of many large gaps and challenges, most people working in the field think that human-level AI is achievable, but they disagree on the date. In this paper, I briefly discuss the possibility of human-level AI from the perspective of two traditions in the Islamic world, namely Kalam and Sufism, and despite their different mode of investigation, they converge to the same conclusion on this topic.

Abstract: Buildings account for a significant portion of global energy consumption and are increasingly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, including rising greenhouse gas emissions and shifting weather patterns. These disruptions significantly impact energy demand, necessitating proactive measures to ensure buildings remain functional, sustainable, and energy efficient. This study analyzes the long-term effects of climate change on building energy performance across U.S. climate zones using future scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 (moderate emissions) and 8.5 (high emissions) for the years 2050, and 2080. Leveraging U.S. Department of Energy prototype models and simulation-based methods in Energy Plus software, energy demand dynamics in commercial buildings under varying climate conditions are assessed. The findings reveal that medium-sized office buildings are the most vulnerable to climate change, with an average EUI increase of 12.5% by 2080 under RCP 8.5, compared to a 7.4% rise for large office buildings and a slight decline of 2.5% for small office buildings. Hot and humid cities such as Miami, FL, experience the highest increases, with EUI projected to rise by 21.2% for medium offices, while colder regions like Fairbanks, AK, show reductions of up to 18.2% due to decreasing heating demands. These results underscore the urgent need for climate-compatible building design strategies, particularly in high-risk areas. Passive design solutions can significantly mitigate cooling energy demands and enhance overall efficiency. As climate change intensifies, integrating resilience-focused policies will safeguard energy systems and ensure long-term occupant comfort.

Abstract:

HBIM is a digital modeling technology applied to cultural heritage buildings. It has achieved remarkable development in data integration and management, digital protection of historical buildings, parametric and semantic modeling, multi-source data fusion, and interdisciplinary cooperation platforms. However, the sustainability of this technology has not been discussed yet. This paper analyzes nearly a hundred relevant research findings from 2010 to 2024 and discovers that not only is there a lack of reviews on the development and application of HBIM technology in China, but also there is a severe shortage of discussions and explorations regarding its sustainability. Therefore, this paper takes the development and application of HBIM technology in China as the research scope, uses relevant practical projects and research results in China, along with a small number of the latest foreign achievements as cases, focuses on the "sustainability" of HBIM as the research question, and adopts review research and comparative research as methods. It identifies five development directions and dilemmas in the development of HBIM in China and puts forward constructive suggestions for sustainable development. The aim is to provide a reference path for the sustainable development of HBIM technology in China.

Abstract: The building industry contributes to the global environmental challenges, however sustainable solutions provide opportunities for a relevant architectural response. It’s the architect’s role to design with consideration of those issues and potential solutions. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the extent to which architecture graduates demonstrate their knowledge about sustainability principles. 346 Bachelor's and Master's theses, defended at the Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Science and Technology in 2023, were analysed in terms of frequency of occurrence of sustainable priority areas distinguished based on key contemporary policies. In order to validate and compare the results, a baseline from projects submitted to sustainable competition was prepared. The analysis revealed that only 40% of the examined theses addressed priority areas. An average difference of 56.6% in the frequency of occurrence of priority areas was noted between theses and competitions abstracts. Furthermore, tendencies within frequency of occurrence of sustainability priorities, as well as formal requirements of the Polish higher education system, were identified and reviewed. Based on all findings, preliminary diagnoses and respective recommendations were proposed. This study is a foundation for further research on architecture graduates’ readiness to tackle environmental challenges within architecture.

Abstract: This paper explores the intersection of affect, digital heritage, and the circular economy through the case of Dennys Lascelles Wool Store in Geelong. While its iconic bow truss structure was demolished due to the rapid urban transformation of the city of Geelong, the remaining complex presents opportunities for preservation within a circular economy framework. Affect—the emotional and sensory connections to heritage—plays a vital role in sustaining cultural legacy. Digital tools enable the documentation and engagement of both tangible and intangible heritage, addressing gaps in the Authoritative Heritage Discourse (AHD), which often prioritizes physical preservation considering heritage as something material, non-renewable and fragile. By integrating digital heritage with circular economy principles, this study highlights sustainable preservation strategies. While the bow truss can only survive digitally, the rest of the site can be repurposed, aligning with circular economy practices to retain historical significance within the evolving cityscape. This paper underscores the significance of acknowledging the emotional and historical value of industrial and cultural heritage, employing appropriate digital tools for preservation and engagement, and adopting sustainable practices for the potential adaptive reuse of historic sites. It further advocates for reimagining heritage conservation in the digital era to enhance accessibility, engagement, and sustainability.

Abstract: With the globalization and transformation of social and cultural structures, spatial demands are increasingly shifting from a focus on mere functionality to an emphasis on sensory experiences and the cultivation of atmosphere. This study explores spatial perception theory, integrating it with the principles of perceptual phenomenology, to examine the factors influencing spatial perception from two key dimensions: sensory experience and the physical characteristics of space. For instance, visual elements such as lighting, color, and spatial form influence the emotional tone of a space by shaping mood and setting expectations. Auditory design, including soundscapes and sound timing, plays a critical role in fostering comfort and immersion. Building upon these insights, the study proposes an interior design strategy centered on multi-sensory engagement: (1) Visual Perception: Modifying color and lighting to establish emotional ambiance and enhance spatial depth; (2) Auditory Perception: Crafting soundscapes that deepen immersion; (3) Tactile Perception: Designing both direct and indirect tactile experiences; (4) Olfactory and Gustatory Perception: Incorporating scent design to evoke memory and forge emotional connections. To validate these strategies, we analyze the design of lighting, color, materials, and scent in a coffee roasting factory in Suzhou, where a balanced space was created that not only meets functional requirements but also elevates sensory stimulation and the immersive experience for customers. This study bridges the gap between multi-sensory design and spatial ambiance, offering a systematic framework and advocating for the transition from functional design to one that prioritizes multi-sensory engagement.

Abstract: The syndrome mentioned in the title refers to the first (early 19th century) documented perception of the role of intangible aspects in characterising cultural heritage. The paper addresses the semantic organisation of data concerning the digital documentation of cultural heritage, considering its intangible dimension in the framework of Digital Twins. The intangible component was one of the aspects motivating the need of setting up the Heritage Digital Twin (HDT) ontology and its extensions, published in a series of papers since early 2023. In this paper we analyse how places, persons and things may give value to a heritage asset, being linked to and supporting its intrinsic cultural significance. This development stems from the consideration of heritage studies and research carried out by scholars and organisations such as UNESCO and ICOMOS, which underline the paramount role of the intangible component in defining heritage assets. The paper then expands the previous semantic structure of the Heritage Digital Twin ontology as concerns the intangible aspects of a heritage asset, extending the HDT concepts by defining new classes and properties related to its intangible component. These are discussed in various cases concerning places, monuments, objects and persons, and fully developed in examples.

Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has transformed traditional teaching and learning methods, providing more personalized and efficient learning experiences. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education has been a focal point of recent research, revealing both promising advancements and notable challenges. This review seeks to determine the effects of AI on education. Despite the promising potential of AI in education, challenges such as data privacy, digital literacy, and teacher preparedness remain significant concerns. Many educators struggle to adapt to AI-driven technologies due to a lack of training, while some students face barriers to accessing AI-powered tools due to economic and infrastructural limitations. Addressing these issues requires collaboration between policymakers, educational institutions, and technology developers to create inclusive AI solutions that benefit all learners, regardless of their socioeconomic background. By implementing these recommendations, education systems can harness the power of AI while upholding the fundamental values of inclusivity, ethics, and human-centered learning.

Abstract: This study directs its focus towards contemporary Taoist hermits in the Zhongnan Mountains and Huashan, located in Shanxi Province, China. Initially, it delves into the motivations underlying the adoption of a hermitic lifestyle among these Taoists. Subsequently, it analyzes the diverse means by which these hermits sustain their livelihoods in the mountainous regions. Next, it conducts an examination of the various religious practices and extraordinary experiences of these Taoist hermits. Also, this study contends that some Taoist hermits do not live in complete isolation from secular society; rather, they sustain a tangible connection with the external world. This study unveils a distinct contemporary Chinese Taoist group, which has hitherto been overlooked by previous scholarship that predominantly concentrated on the scrutiny of urban or rural Taoist groups in contemporary China.

Abstract: The paper is devoted to contemporary artistic narratives in which the events of the Shoah are thematized. We are convinced that the selected publications intended for children, i.e. Red Ribbon, Francesco Tirelli´s Ice Cream Shop and Rywka´s Diary: The Writings of a Jewish Girl from the Lodz Ghetto, consist of an informative and formative function in addition to an aesthetic one. Through the interpretation of these publications, we show their potential in presenting facts that are connected to one line of events of the Second World War. The main benefit of narratives conceived in this way is that, based on narratives that are appropriate for children and are usually accompanied by impressive illustrations, these readers are introduced to facts in an interesting, engaging and holistically developing way. Mixing fiction and non-fiction in texts whose core is the event of the Holocaust is one of the basic functions of such oriented literature intended for children and youth. Through an aesthetic story, readers are introduced to the realities and various other facts of the Second World War period.

Abstract: This article reflects on emergent findings from an interdisciplinary practice-based doctoral research project situated in the fine arts. Grounded in artistic practices of ‘making’, and weaving in approaches from psychoanalysis and art psychotherapy, the author explores what happens when things are moved from one context to another and how meaning is continually (un)made and (re)made over time through returning to revisit and respond to material ‘made’ in the past as it meets the stuff of new situations in the present. Emphasising the affective ‘work’ of art-as-research, attention is drawn to sites of ‘making’ as reflexive spaces for imaginative encounter, performative enactment, and working through, where understanding emerges through the affective work of moving, (re)assembling, and (re)configuring diverse practices and materials, the interweaving of dialogues, and the negotiation of tensions and resistances encountered at the borders between different domains. Claiming a position in the broad area of reflective practice(s) the research amplifies the significance of ‘transference’ as a reflexive method of enquiry, and the creative potential of art as a performative research practice; pushing beyond more conventional ideas of reflection and reflexivity in its capacity to embrace complex relationalities, and engage affective, ethical, sensibilities through the moving, modifying, and handling of ‘stuff’.

Abstract:

Background/Objectives: This article addresses an exploratory design study in the framework of the research REMIND, focused on the importance of cultural and biographical components for cognitive and sensory stimulation of persons with dementia. Through a case study held at a Day Centre from Alzheimer Portugal association, it envisages to demonstrate the relevance of including cultural elements in sensory stimulation artefacts for persons with dementia. It is hypothesised that the inclusion of cultural elements transversal to the biographical stories of these persons will have greater potential to stimulate their senses and reminiscences. This hypothesis in the context of this study was explored through textile artefacts. Methods: Methods included participant observation, sensory and visual ethnography, interviews, focus groups, and participatory design involving women with moderate and advanced Alzheimer’s disease and health professionals. Due to the severely compromised verbal communication abilities of part of the women, beyond-verbal communication strategies were adopted. Results: The results showed that textiles with a cultural presence tend to elicit greater reactions and reminiscences of events associated with women’s life stories. Crochet artefacts were of particular relevance: women's involvement in activities with crochet artefacts was substantially higher and, in certain cases of women with moderate dementia, these artefacts activated positive memories of the person suggesting the potential of crochet for sensory stimulation. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis, however, further research is needed exploring other cultural elements and involving a broader demographic. Based on the results obtained, a sensory blanket was developed and is already in use at the Centre.

Abstract: Technologically-supported social interaction has gained significant attention within the Human-Computer Interaction community, particularly for facilitating remote social connections. However, less emphasis has been placed on co-located situations and multi-user scenarios where participants have unfamiliar relationships. We propose an augmented multimodal media method for co-located social interaction. Our study identifies three design principles for designing technologically-supported responsive environments: (1) Interaction over time, (2) Improvised social activity, and (3) Relational interaction. Grounded in these principles, we designed and evaluated four technology-mediated interventions in various social settings, including meal and open-ended play scenarios. Our findings demonstrate the impact of augmented sensory media on dynamic social cues, influencing bodily engagement, mutual eye contact, proximal sensitivity, and spontaneous conversation. We categorized a series of design insights as learning outcomes for researchers implementing augmented multimodal media approaches.