Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-sterile Soils

Pei-Cheng Huang
ORCID logo ,
Peiguo Yuan
,
John M. Grunseich
,
James Taylor
ORCID logo ,
Eric-Olivier Tiénébo
ORCID logo ,
Elizabeth A. Pierson
,
Julio S. Bernal
,
Charles M. Kenerley
,
Michael V. Kolomiets
*
Version 1 : Received: 20 March 2024 / Approved: 21 March 2024 / Online: 22 March 2024 (03:19:43 CET)

How to cite: Huang, P.; Yuan, P.; Grunseich, J.M.; Taylor, J.; Tiénébo, E.; Pierson, E.A.; Bernal, J.S.; Kenerley, C.M.; Kolomiets, M.V. Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-sterile Soils. Preprints 2024, 2024031285. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1285.v1 Huang, P.; Yuan, P.; Grunseich, J.M.; Taylor, J.; Tiénébo, E.; Pierson, E.A.; Bernal, J.S.; Kenerley, C.M.; Kolomiets, M.V. Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-sterile Soils. Preprints 2024, 2024031285. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1285.v1

Abstract

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability with plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been considered only recently. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to leaf-infecting fungal pathogens. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we investigated whether T. virens affects jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and defense against fall armyworm (FAW) and western corn rootworm (WCR). Unexpectedly, the results showed that T. virens colonization of maize seedlings grown in autoclaved soil suppressed wound-induced production of JA, resulting in reduced resistance to FAW. Similarly, the bacterial endophyte Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84 suppressed systemic resistance to FAW due to reduced JA. Further comparative analyses of the systemic effects of these endophytes when applied into sterile or non-sterile field soil showed that both T. virens and P. chlororaphis 30-84 triggered ISR against hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola in both soil conditions, but only suppressed resistance to FAW in sterile soil. In contrast to the effect on FAW defense, T. virens colonization of maize roots suppressed WCR larvae survival and weight gain. This is the first report suggesting the potential role of T. virens as a biocontrol agent against WCR.

Keywords

Trichoderma virens; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; induced systemic resistance; jasmonic acid; Spodoptera frugiperda; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Agricultural Science and Agronomy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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