preprints.org > physical sciences > astronomy and astrophysics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202201.0301.v4

Preprint Article Version 4 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 18 January 2022 / Approved: 20 January 2022 / Online: 20 January 2022 (11:11:44 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 28 January 2022 / Approved: 31 January 2022 / Online: 31 January 2022 (12:56:14 CET)
Version 3 : Received: 16 March 2022 / Approved: 17 March 2022 / Online: 17 March 2022 (10:54:26 CET)
Version 4 : Received: 20 March 2022 / Approved: 21 March 2022 / Online: 21 March 2022 (08:59:59 CET)
Version 5 : Received: 1 May 2022 / Approved: 4 May 2022 / Online: 4 May 2022 (12:51:42 CEST)
Version 6 : Received: 15 May 2022 / Approved: 16 May 2022 / Online: 16 May 2022 (12:17:54 CEST)
Version 7 : Received: 20 May 2022 / Approved: 23 May 2022 / Online: 23 May 2022 (10:35:10 CEST)
Version 8 : Received: 30 May 2022 / Approved: 31 May 2022 / Online: 31 May 2022 (09:11:40 CEST)
Version 9 : Received: 18 July 2022 / Approved: 19 July 2022 / Online: 19 July 2022 (10:32:16 CEST)
Version 10 : Received: 30 August 2022 / Approved: 31 August 2022 / Online: 31 August 2022 (14:35:15 CEST)
Version 11 : Received: 28 September 2022 / Approved: 29 September 2022 / Online: 29 September 2022 (10:04:38 CEST)
Version 12 : Received: 20 October 2022 / Approved: 21 October 2022 / Online: 21 October 2022 (11:18:22 CEST)
Version 13 : Received: 29 December 2022 / Approved: 4 January 2023 / Online: 4 January 2023 (12:00:14 CET)
Version 14 : Received: 7 January 2023 / Approved: 9 January 2023 / Online: 9 January 2023 (11:01:51 CET)
Version 15 : Received: 12 February 2023 / Approved: 13 February 2023 / Online: 13 February 2023 (16:12:56 CET)
Version 16 : Received: 10 March 2023 / Approved: 13 March 2023 / Online: 13 March 2023 (09:47:07 CET)
Version 17 : Received: 21 July 2023 / Approved: 21 July 2023 / Online: 24 July 2023 (08:08:52 CEST)
Version 18 : Received: 17 March 2024 / Approved: 19 March 2024 / Online: 19 March 2024 (12:58:11 CET)

In this paper, it is proposed that the correct metric for relativistic cosmology is one which has not only spatial curvature, but time curvature as well, and that it is the curvature of the time dimension that is the source of the accelerated expansion. It is argued that the FRW metric, whose time dimension is uncurved, is effectively a Newtonian approximation to the true cosmological metric and that the internal Schwarzschild metric is the true cosmological metric describing the 3D space of the Universe falling through the time dimension. The unknowns in the internal Schwarzschild metric are solved for using cosmological data and it is shown that the predictions it gives match observations without the need for a cosmological constant. The entire Schwarzschild metric in Kruskal-Sezekeres coordinates is examined and we see that it describes two CPT symmetric Universes moving in opposite directions in the time dimension. One Universe contains matter while the other contains antimatter. In section VIII, we discuss how the internal Schwarzschild metric can be understood as being made of imaginary time and space dimensions and these imaginary dimensions scale the real dimensions of the Universe. The Universe can be thought of as the imaginary counterpart of a galaxy with swapped space and time-like dimensions. The singularity is the point in time where the geodesics reverse their direction in time and begin to re-collapse toward each other. The matter and antimatter Universes annihilate with each other when they collide at the end of collapse, ultimately decaying into two new matter and antimatter Universes. The model also predicts that telescopes such as the JWST should find structures in the early Universe that are much older than expected or predicted by the current ΛCDM model.

Cosmology; Black holes; Dark Energy; Schwarzschild metric

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

* All users must log in before leaving a comment