preprints.org > materials science > surfaces, coatings & films > doi: 10.20944/preprints201802.0040.v10

Preprint Article Version 10 This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 3 February 2018 / Approved: 5 February 2018 / Online: 5 February 2018 (15:39:20 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 14 April 2018 / Approved: 16 April 2018 / Online: 16 April 2018 (06:00:30 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 23 June 2018 / Approved: 25 June 2018 / Online: 25 June 2018 (07:43:20 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 15 August 2018 / Approved: 17 August 2018 / Online: 17 August 2018 (03:18:21 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 4 October 2018 / Approved: 8 October 2018 / Online: 8 October 2018 (09:34:45 CEST)
Version 6 : Received: 22 October 2018 / Approved: 22 October 2018 / Online: 22 October 2018 (11:08:20 CEST)
Version 7 : Received: 11 December 2018 / Approved: 11 December 2018 / Online: 11 December 2018 (11:01:24 CET)
Version 8 : Received: 14 January 2019 / Approved: 14 January 2019 / Online: 14 January 2019 (11:30:44 CET)
Version 9 : Received: 28 March 2019 / Approved: 2 April 2019 / Online: 2 April 2019 (12:41:20 CEST)
Version 10 : Received: 30 May 2019 / Approved: 31 May 2019 / Online: 31 May 2019 (09:03:14 CEST)

Coating a suitable material on substrate in thickness of nanometres to microns is a great interest of scientific community. Hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitable atoms, where their energy and forced behavior while in certain transition state favour binding. In the binding mechanism of gas and solid atoms, electron belonging to outer ring (filled state) of gas atom undertakes another clamping of energy knot belonging to outer ring (unfilled state) of solid atom. Set process conditions develop the coating of gas and solid atoms when they process for a suitable composition. Atoms of suitable elements jointly develop their structure in the form of hard coating by locating a common ground point, which is between their original ground points. Here, gas atoms increase the potential energy of electrons by decreasing levitational force exerting at electron levels in a controlled manner, whereas solid atoms decrease the potential energy of electrons by decreasing gravitational force exerting at electron levels in a controlled manner. So, hard coating is deposited because of incompatible working energy and forced behavior of atoms belonging to suitable elements. In TiN coating, Ti–Ti atoms bind due to the difference of expansion of their lattices, called energy knot nets, where one atom just lands on the already landed atom. An adhered N atom to Ti atom occupies the interstitial position in the titanium. As per set conditions of the process, atoms of different behavior deposit at substrate surface to develop structure of coating. The rate of ejecting or dissociating solid atoms depends on the type of source, parameters and the processing technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing coating at substrate depends on several parameters. In addition to intrinsic behavior of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings are emerged as per the forces engaged by involved energy. In the coatings of different atoms, both energy and force are there in non-conservative modes. The present study sets new trends in the field of coating and allied areas.

fundamental science; atomic behavior; hard coating; expansion and contraction; energy and force; surface and interface