Abstract: This comprehensive qualitative research study examines the multifaceted historical transformations of Hajj pilgrimage from its Prophetic origins in 632 AD to the contemporary digital era of 2025. Employing document analysis, archival research, and comparative historical methodology, this investigation explores how political, social, economic, technological, and health factors have fundamentally reshaped the pilgrimage experience across fourteen centuries while preserving its essential spiritual core. The research analyzes an extensive corpus of primary sources including classical Islamic texts, medieval geographical accounts, Ottoman administrative records, colonial documents, and contemporary government reports, supplemented by secondary scholarly literature spanning multiple disciplines.Findings reveal six distinct evolutionary phases of Hajj transformation: the Prophetic foundation and early expansion (632-661 AD), imperial Islamic administration (661-1517 AD), Ottoman centralization and international challenges (1517-1924 AD), Saudi unification and infrastructure development (1932-2000 AD), digital integration and mass management (2000-2020 AD), and pandemic adaptation and future visioning (2020-present). The study demonstrates how Hajj has evolved from a relatively small-scale, hazardous desert journey undertaken by thousands to a sophisticated, technology-enhanced, globally coordinated mass gathering accommodating over 2.5 million pilgrims annually.Key contributions include: (1) a comprehensive chronological framework for understanding Hajj transformations; (2) identification of recurring patterns in the relationship between state capacity and pilgrimage quality; (3) analysis of how international health concerns shaped modern pilgrimage governance; and (4) examination of successful integration of contemporary technologies with ancient religious practices. The research provides critical insights for contemporary pilgrimage management, international religious diplomacy, and future Islamic studies scholarship while contributing to broader theoretical understanding of religious adaptation in modern societies.

Abstract: This comprehensive research paper examines the multifaceted role of the Muslim World League (MWL) as a sophisticated and highly effective instrument of soft power, dedicated to serving Muslim communities across the globe. Spanning the pivotal period from 2014 to 2025, this study provides an in-depth analytical exploration of the MWL’s strategic initiatives, programmatic interventions and diplomatic engagements within the rapidly evolving landscape of international relations. This investigation focuses on the transformative leadership tenure of His Excellency Secretary General Dr. Mohammad bin Abdulkarim Al-Issa, whose appointment in 2016 marked a paradigm shift in the organization's operational philosophy, strategic orientation, and global outreach, ushering in an era of unprecedented influence and positive impact. Employing a rigorous qualitative research methodology that includes thematic document analysis and semi-structured elite interviews with key organizational stakeholders, this study systematically investigates how the MWL strategically leverages soft-power mechanisms to address complex challenges and create opportunities for Muslim populations worldwide. These endeavors include leading global efforts to combat religious extremism, promoting a true understanding of Islam to counter Islamophobia, championing interfaith dialogue, providing extensive humanitarian assistance, promoting authentic and moderate Islamic scholarship, and strengthening cultural diplomacy in the West. The theoretical framework, which integrates Joseph Nye's soft power paradigm with political communication and organizational theories, provides a robust analytical lens for examining MWL’s influence, legitimacy-building strategies, and normative impact. Through a meticulous analysis of the MWL's flagship initiatives—including the groundbreaking Charter of Makkah (2019), extensive humanitarian relief operations, historic interfaith dialogues, and innovative educational programs—this research illuminates the interconnected factors that have amplified the effectiveness of the MWL's programs. The findings reveal that the MWL has achieved substantial success in positioning itself as the leading global voice for moderate Islam and has significantly expanded its humanitarian footprint, with its initiatives being well received and adapted to diverse regional contexts. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of how leading transnational Islamic organizations navigate complex international systems, deploy cultural and ideological resources, and shape global perceptions while uplifting diverse Muslim populations in an increasingly interconnected world.

Abstract: Marriage (nikāḥ) is central to Islamic moral, legal, and social thought. This study conducts a qualitative content analysis of the Holy Qur’an to explicate both the importance of marriage—its purposes, ethics, and social function—and the procedure of marriage—its core elements, conditions, and safeguards. Guided by a maqāṣid al-sharīʿa (higher objectives of the law) lens integrated with family-sociological theory and principles from uṣūl al-fiqh (legal theory), we analyse a purposively sampled corpus of verses (notably from Sūrat al-Baqarah, al-Nisāʾ, al-Nūr, al-Aḥzāb, al-Ṭalāq, and al-Rūm). Using an a priori coding scheme refined inductively, we identify and interpret thematic clusters: companionship and tranquillity; consent and contract; mahr (dower) and property protections; guardianship and publicness; prohibited degrees and modesty norms; financial responsibilities; dispute resolution and reconciliation; divorce procedures and waiting periods; and child welfare and lineage protection. Findings show the Qur’anic discourse frames marriage as a covenant oriented to compassion (raḥma) and equity (ʿadl), while embedding procedural rules that promote clarity, consent, and community accountability. The study clarifies doctrinal anchors for contemporary policy and pastoral guidance and suggests avenues for further work integrating hadith/fiqh jurisprudence and empirical sociological data. Qur’anic citations are reported throughout using Abdel Haleem’s English translation.

Abstract: Objectives. Religion and spirituality (R/S) may be associated with better cognitive health, yet most published studies have been conducted in primarily White populations without investigating association variations by gender and race. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis of 1,041 community-dwelling diverse older adults from the Philadelphia Healthy Brain Aging (PHBA) cohort study was conducted using multiple regression analysis. We examined associations between facets of R/S and total cognitive scores and performed stratification analysis separately by gender and race to explore potential gender- and race-specific variations. Results. Higher non-organizational R/S was associated with lower cognitive scores while greater religious and spiritual coping was associated with higher cognitive scores, controlling for age, education, chronic conditions, race, and financial constraints. Across gender and race variations, non-organizational R/S was associated with lower cognitive scores in women alone with no variations across race. Higher religious and spiritual coping was associated with higher cognitive scores in both Black and White women, but not men, while higher religious and spiritual healing was associated with lower cognitive scores in Black women only. Discussion. Associations between religious and spiritual facets and cognitive health differ across gender and race; longitudinal studies are needed.

Abstract: Despite Greece’s historical and geographical significance in the Mediterranean, there is currently no national digital repository offering systematic access to Arabic chronicles, diplomatic letters, and travelogues from the eighth to sixteenth centuries. This absence critically impedes rigorous Arabological and Islamological research within Greek academia and restricts the educational landscape to predominantly Eurocentric perspectives. The Hellenic Digital Library of Arabic Historical Sources (HDB-AHS) is proposed as a targeted solution, presenting a trilingual (Greek–English–Arabic) digital platform designed to aggregate, preserve, and openly disseminate these vital sources. The article outlines a six-phase implementation plan combining IIIF, TEI-XML, FAIR/CARE principles, and open licensing with a robust rights-clearance framework for modern copyrights and sensitive materials. Beyond academic benefits, the project aspires to act as a meeting point of cultures—offering concrete tools for building bridges, combating intolerance, and fostering intercultural understanding. In a world that is rapidly changing, the creation of such an inclusive and responsibly curated digital resource is vital not only for advancing research but also for supporting dialogue and mutual respect across societies. HDB-AHS provides a blueprint for similar initiatives in underrepresented fields.

Abstract: The increase in global demand for mineral resources with the energy transition and military expansion is likely to intensify the consequences of mining, such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, soil, water and air contamination, violation of civil, political and labour rights, loss of livelihoods, and health damage. The paper analyses responses of the Catholic Church to the challenges which arise from mining. Based on a series of consultations with cross-continental actors, its aim is to offer a typology of responses in order to better understand what is currently taking place and inform the work of other actors in addressing the socio-ecological consequences of mining. The paper examines five types of intertwined responses: 1) Accompaniment of mining-affected populations, which is the starting point of all responses; 2) Mediation of experience through theological and organizational resources and international policy frameworks; 3) Documentation of what is happening, or likely to happen; 4) Education and formation to address the structural causes of social and ecological degradation at a multi-scalar level; and 5) Advocacy for policy and institutional change, including alternative modes of economic development. The paper concludes by discussing some shortcomings in these responses, as well as avenues for broad-based coalitions.

Abstract: This is an examination of the growth of the Hebrew Catholic movement, and how the combination of the Holocaust and Vatican II addressed Jewish converts to Catholicism.

Abstract: This study examines the leadership practices of Local Government Unit (LGU) officials in Malita and their influence on employees' perceptions of readiness for work-from-home (WFH) arrangements. Amid the increasing adoption of remote work policies in the public sector, understanding leadership's role in facilitating successful transitions to WFH settings is crucial. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with LGU employees and officials to assess key factors such as communication strategies, decision-making processes, and support mechanisms. Findings reveal that transparent communication, adaptive leadership styles, and robust technical support significantly enhance employees' confidence and capability for remote work. Conversely, challenges such as inadequate digital infrastructure and resistance to change hinder readiness. The study underscores the need for targeted training programs, infrastructure investment, and a culture of flexibility to optimize the implementation of WFH arrangements. These insights offer actionable recommendations for LGUs navigating the shift toward hybrid and remote work models.

Abstract: Education is a fundamental theme in Jewish culture. In the Old Testament we find didactic and pedagogical ideas expressed in different ways, e.g. in the figurative language of parables, regarding wisdom texts, etc. The Holy Scripture reveals a creative God who transformed a tribe of nomads into an organized people through a long process of education. In order to contemplate God as the educator of the Jewish people, several perspectives can be followed, but we will limit ourselves to presenting a few ideas that are related to education in the biblical context of ancient Israel, God's Pedagogy in the Bible and Divine Pedagogy which is the foundation for the education of children and young people today. The perspectives of Old Testament concerning to religious education are as relevant today as they were then, in the time of the patriarchs, kings or Old Testament prophets.

Abstract: This article presents a theological examination of the distinction Jesus makes between the power of God and worldly, politico-military authority, particularly as manifested in the Roman Empire. Grounded in Gospel texts, particularly Luke 20:25 and Matthew 20:25–28, the analysis explores the contrasting values of divine power, which is characterized by love, peace, and reconciliation, against earthly power, defined by authority, coercion, manipulation, and brute force. The article delves into the meanings of political power, ideologies, and the dangers of religious nationalism and extremism, drawing conceptual boundaries between these forms of influence. Using the Roman Empire as a case study, the article reveals how Jesus critiques political authority in favor of the Kingdom of God, whose values stand in direct opposition to the ideologies of worldly power. This exploration further addresses the risks of ideological extremism, particularly within religious contexts, and emphasizes the theological importance of distinguishing between worldly governance and divine sovereignty. Ultimately, the Kingdom of God, as portrayed in the Gospels, is a realm of love, justice, and peace, while worldly systems often promote conflict and division. The article concludes by offering a model for Christians, based on Christ’s teachings, to navigate the tensions between faith and political ideologies, keeping in focus the priorities of God's Kingdom and the power of divine love.

Abstract:

The church talks a great deal about transformation but often seems unsure about what precisely its end goal should look like. In imagining a new order, God’s kingdom come, it is sometimes rather vague about how it might get there. Our unequal world is still crying out for good news, for the church to fulfill its calling. Imagination is key to our ability as a church to hear and understand scripture and live out the gospel – but how do we examine and interrogate it? This article proposes that a sociotechnical imaginary can be a useful paradigm in our efforts to understand imagination and embody its imaginings. It will also set out a situated understanding of transformation as a method of integral mission with radically different implications for the privileged and the oppressed and offer a possible vision of a gospel-imagined end state towards which we might direct our course.

Abstract: This booklet, Building Bridges: A Peace Education Manual for Church Youth Leaders in the Democratic Republic of Congo, represents a vital resource for fostering a culture of peace and reconciliation in a nation grappling with complex social, political, and environmental challenges. By addressing foundational aspects of peacebuilding and conflict resolution through the lens of biblical values, this manual equips youth leaders with the tools and understanding necessary to become catalysts for transformation in their communities.

Abstract:

According to specific theories which are developing a special sociological methodology, sports in general manifest as a complex social phenomenon and its study allows us to investigate aspects of the social organization of modern societies. Sports are not an autonomous event of human activity. We can observe an institutional subset of sports in the wider set of society and the dynamics that develop within its contexts. The stadium, as a point of reference for a sports club, is considered an element that actually contributes to the construction of the public space. Through contemporary narratives, we will also try to approach the very special “language” of the “sports fan religiosity”.

Abstract: This article describes the leadership and organizational elements that have made the Seven Mountains Mandate (7MM), a very adaptable, simple to explain, and feasible to implement message and portable practice, which can start at a local level to be expanded progressively to regional and national dimensions, one of the main doctrines of the Apostolic Restoration Movement (ARM). A new classification of apostolic networks is proposed in this article and a partial map of some of the networks that participate in the expansion of the 7MM is presented. Additionally, by using definitions from network leadership theory, it is shown how different types of leaders that function as horizontal connectors in apostolic networks, such as conveners, catalysts, mobilizers, facilitators, weavers, provocateurs, illuminators, hosts, and curators contribute to the diffusion of the 7MM by promoting its global widening, deepening, and lengthening (WDL). The article first describes the evolution of the church from denominations to networks, and how the ARM adopted the network organizational structure that serves as a channel for the diffusion of the 7MM. Cases from the USA, Guatemala, Zambia, and Venezuela are used as examples to demonstrate how the 7MM expansion or widening (W), its contextualization and adaption or deepening (D), and its sustainability, reproduction, and evolution, or lengthening (L), occur globally based on the network nature of the ARM and the network leadership enacted in the process.

Abstract: Food waste is a real environmental challenge worldwide. It is a major sin in Islam; yet it is ubiquitous in Muslim society, a society where the majority of people say that Islam is critical in their life. Ingrained in moral aspects of overconsumption, a conundrum this paradox study tries to unravel is why plate waste is prevalent in the Arab Muslim society, despite the teaching of the Quran [Muslim’s holy book] and Sunna [teaching and acts of prophet Muhammad] against wanton waste. The influence of religiosity on environmental concern and intentions to reduce food waste in Islam and Christianity has been widely examined. However, our understanding of why religious people waste food remains limited. This serendipitous qualitative inquiry is the first to examine food waste from the nexus triad -food waste, hospitality, and religion, and comprehensively. Findings suggest that the conception of contemporary Arab hospitality, entrenched in Karam/generosity, and entangled with the interpretation of sin and God’s mercy, is a major contributing factor to plate waste perpetuation. The gravity of food waste warrants a new conceptualization of Arab generosity. Suggestions for plate waste prevention in this cultural context, grounded in the interviews and the Quran, are presented.

Abstract: The research aims to study the economic struggles faced by Muslims residing in non-Islamic countries, where they encounter challenging circumstances in abiding by national tax laws and Islamic Sharia principles. The economic conditions not only make it arduous to adhere to their religious obligations but also put the Muslim community in disadvantageous position. The study primarily focuses on exploring the treatment of the third pillar of Islam, known as "Zakah,” and how it loses its relevance due to various reasons that exist in the non-Islamic societies. The research delves deeply probes into the reasons and examines why an investment in precious metals is comparatively less fruitful for a Muslim than for a non-Muslim due to Zakah obligations. It also investigates how Zakah fund, in the absence of a monitoring authority is unable to make a difference in the poverty conditions of Muslims in a non-Islamic societies non-Islamic societies.

Abstract: This study explores religious diversity in Romania and how the trends of indices of religious fractionalization and polarization manifest at the county level in the post-communist period. The county is selected as the relevant level for analysis due to its spatial confessional dynamics being more clearly visible. Recent studies have revealed that erosion of diversity represents an important aspect for any country and needs to be considered as an important aspect of democracy. This paper highlights that religious polarization and fractionalization in Romania has been generally maintained, although the regions of Transylvania, Banat, Dobrogea and Western Moldova remain areas where there are different confessions. Besides the general aspect of religion diversity depending the ethnic trends, there is a rise of Pentecostals and Baptists at the county level. This aspect can inform policymakers to create new institutions for dialogue between majority Orthodox communities and Protestants so that potential conflicts do not appear between the Orthodox and emerging religious communities, but also to ensure objective, cultural, religious coherence.

Abstract: This article discusses the relationship between the discourse of evangelical churches and the production of conservative neoliberal political rationalities. We start from the premise that the Large Evangelical Corporations (in Brazil), operate within the neoliberal logic, and offer biographical solutions to social exclusion systems, indicating the individual and spiritual causes for poverty and suffering, while identifying the "deserving" of blessings, suggesting elevation through personal responsibility. In this turn, they merge self-entrepreneur individualism with rhetoric that interweaves elements of conservative communitarianism, such as tradition, naturalizing gender roles, and cultivating traditional family models, seen as key to rehabilitating the wider society. We hypothesize that, in the Brazilian case of the state of Rio de Janeiro, evangelical churches are central parts of this gear, acting as one of the main "resonance machines" (Connolly) of neoliberal policies, providing individualized solutions for structural systems of social exclusion, in a pedagogical, efficient and extensive manner. In this sense, this work benefits from fieldwork and interviews conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro with its large evangelical churches.

Abstract: A traditionally salient topic of empirical investigation in the sociology of religion, this paper seeks to offer a recent investigation into the intergenerational transmission of religion and the parental forms of religious engagement that predict adult engagement with religion. The study of this paper explores the intergenerational transmission of religion, focusing on the parental forms of religious identity and engagement that influence religious identity, beliefs, and practices in adulthood. By analyzing the 2018 GSS dataset in the United States with multiple regression analyses, I find strong parental and childhood influences on adult religiosity, religious service attendance, and belief in God. Indeed, this engagement often mirrors parental engagement for these variables. However, while paternal religious identity often predicts these religious variables, I find that the religious identity and engagement of parents generally does not predict religious identity in adulthood. Ultimately, while these results generally show strong predictive mechanisms of intergenerational transmission, they also illustrate that these relationships are variably dependent on the form of parental and adult religious engagement and which parent participates or is associated with that engagement.

Abstract: This article presents the development of a Faith-Informed Advocacy Model that integrates faith-based principles and values into advocacy efforts within Christian social work. Drawing from the intersection of Christian ethics and social work principles, this model provides a framework for Christian social workers to engage in advocacy work that is grounded in their faith and guided by ethical principles. The article includes case studies that illustrate the application of the model in real-world scenarios.