Abstract: This work studied the extraction of bioactive metabolites from twelve Colombian marine macroalgae samples. Macroalgae samples were collected from the northeast coastal areas of Colombia and extracted using ultrasound-assisted liquid extraction with different Nades and compared them with reference solvents. The analysis of the extracts in-cludes preliminary chemical tests such as Folin-Ciocalteu quantifica-tion, DPPH assays, and MAAs identification using HPLC-DAD. In ad-dition, exploratory physicochemical tests measured the porosity of the sprayed material using the B.E.T. method and evaluated the Nades flow profile. HCl 5% extracts showed the highest yield of total phenolic compounds. It was 3-4% w/w for Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, Hypnea sp., Pterocladiella capillacea, and Stypopodium zonale. Nades Beta-ine/Glucose/Water 1:1:5 had the highest efficiency extracting total phenolic compounds in most species. Over Sargassum polyceratium increasing the extraction scale, improved the recovery rate from 0 to 24 hours. The experiment reached saturation with 10 mL of BGluW115. It reproduced this result with different batches of glucose and betaine. MAAs concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 mg·g⁻¹ DW in the species analyzed with aqueous extractions. Nades FGW115 and BGW 115 allowed the detection of MAAs. Porosity differences among macroalgae did not affect phenolic recovery. Finally, Nades flow profiles exhibited Newtonian behavior.

Abstract: This study presents the fabrication and characterization of magnetically active textiles using cotton fibers impregnated with suspensions of pumpkin seed oil, carbonyl iron microparticles, and propolis microparticles. The textiles were utilized to manufacture planar capacitors, enabling an investigation of the effects of static magnetic fields and the introduced microparticles on the components of complex dielectric permittivity. The results reveal that the dielectric properties of the fabricated textiles are highly sensitive to the applied magnetic field intensity, the frequency of the alternating electric field, and the composition of the impregnating suspension. The experimental findings suggest that the dielectric loss and permittivity can be finely tuned by adjusting the magnetic flux density and the proportion of propolis microparticles. The multifunctional nature of these magnetically responsive textiles, combined with the bioactive properties of the incorporated natural components, opens promising pathways for applications in smart textiles, biomedical devices, and sensor technologies.

Abstract: Integrating thermochromic pigments (TP) into food packaging offers significant benefits for monitoring temperature variations, improving food safety, and reducing waste. However, the recyclability of such materials remains underexplored, particularly regarding the retention of their optical and mechanical properties after repeated recycling. Addressing this gap, this research aims to evaluate how mechanical recycling affects key properties of polypropylene (PP) blends containing varying TP concentrations. Three formulations—PP100/TP0 (0% TP), PP98/TP2 (2% TP), and PP92/TP8 (8% TP) were subjected to five recycling cycles, with changes in thermal stability, color transition behavior, mechanical integrity, and surface morphology analyzed. Results indicate that PP100/TP0 maintains its mechanical integrity with minimal degradation across recycling cycles. However, blends containing TP exhibited progressive deterioration, with PP98/TP2 displaying moderate reductions in mechanical strength and thermochromic efficiency, while PP92/TP8 showed significant degradation, including increased activation temperatures and color vibrancy loss. These effects were attributed to polymer breakdown, pigment aggregation, and altered crystallinity. Despite the limitations of recyclability, this study provides critical insights into the feasibility of TP in sustainable intelligent food packaging. Further research is required to enhance TP stability during reprocessing, ensuring long-term functionality in circular packaging systems.

Abstract: This paper aims to explore the impact of targeted viticultural and enological interventions on reducing the astringency of wines made solely by Mandilaria grape variety. Mandilaria is characterized by its high berry density, high tannin content, in-tense color and full body profile, all of which contribute to the distinctive enological characteristics of the wines while also pretending challenges for producers during vi-nification. This research aims to apply specific practices in the vineyard and the win-ery to reduce the astringency of the variety and adapt the wine produced to the re-quirements of the present consumers demands. In the vineyards of Paros Island, dif-ferent intensities of leaf removal and modifications to pruning load were applied. Three distinct post-harvest grape dehydration techniques and two varying levels of seed removal during alcoholic fermentation were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing astringency. The results demonstrate that post-harvest dehydration tech-niques, particularly air and sun dehydration, significantly influence the quality indi-cators of Mandilaria wines, enhancing phenolic content, tannin levels, and antioxidant activity, while also improving phenolic ripeness and reducing the harsh tannic profile. Furthermore, seed removal effectively diminished astringency without affecting the wine’s structure. These findings suggest that the integration of these viticultural and enological techniques can significantly enhance the sensory attributes of Mandilaria wines, making them more appealing to modern consumers.

Abstract: Ru-based catalysts manifest unparalleled hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, but the hydrolysis of Ru species and the accumulation of corresponding reaction intermediates greatly limit HER activity and stability. Herein, Mo single atoms modified Ru nanoparticles assemblies supported on N-incorporated graphene (referred to as MoRu-NG) are compounded via hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition methods (CVD). The incorporation of Mo single atoms into Ru lattices modifies the local atomic milieu around Ru centers, significantly improving HER catalytic behavior and stability. More specifically, MoRu-NG achieves the overpotential of 53 mV and 28 mV at 10 mA cm–2 with exceptional stability in acidic and alkaline seawater solutions, respectively. In MoRu-NG, Ru atoms have special electronic structure and thus possess optimal hydrogen adsorption energy, which indicates that the excellent HER activity mainly hinges upon Ru centers. To be specific, the d-electron orbitals of Ru atoms are close to half full, giving Ru atoms moderate bond energy for the assimilation and release of hydrogen, which is beneficial for the conversion of reaction intermediates. Moreover, the incorporation of Mo single atoms facilitates the formation of O, O'-bidentate ligands, significantly enhancing the structural stability of MoRu-NG in pH-universal seawater electrolysis. This work advances a feasible construction method of hexagonal octahedral configuration (Ru–O–Mo–N–C) and provides a route to synthesize the efficient and stable catalyst for electrocatalytic HER in pH-universal seawater.

Abstract: Drink spiking is a significant public safety issue, often linked to crimes such as theft and sexual assault. The detection of drugs used in these incidents is challenging due to the low concentrations (<ng) and complex matrices involved. This review explores the application of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identifying drugs in spiked beverages. GC-MS offers high sensitivity and specificity, capable of detecting drugs at ng/mL levels and distinguishing between compounds with similar structures. The review highlights the advantages of GC-MS, including its ability to analyze multiple substances simultaneously and provide detailed molecular information. Various methods for detecting gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), benzodiazepines, and other drugs in beverages are discussed, emphasizing the importance of derivatization to enhance volatility and chromatographic performance. The paper also addresses the challenges of analyzing complex beverage matrices and the need for continuous improvement in detection techniques to keep pace with the evolving drug market. Overall, GC and GC-MS are powerful tools for forensic analysis in drink spiking cases, offering reliable and accurate results essential for legal and investigative processes.

Abstract: The organic compounds, 2-aminopyrimidine (AP) and 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), are selected for the synthesis of a compound by establishing the phase diagram adopting the solid-state synthesis method. Phase diagram study infers the formation of a novel intermolecular compound (IMC) at 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of AP and PABA along with two eutectics at 0.25 and 0.90 mole fractions of AP. The FTIR and NMR spectroscopy are studied for structure elucidation of intermolecular compound. Powder X-ray diffraction study reveals the novel nature of IMC (APPABA) and the mechanical mixture nature of eutectics. Sharp and single peak of the DSC curve suggests the melting and pure nature of the synthesised IMC. Various thermodynamic parameters of IMC and eutectics have been studied. The single crystal of IMC has grown from solution and its single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that IMC has crystallised in a monoclinic having P21/n space group. Hirshfeld surface analysis further validated the weak non-covalent interactions summarized through single crystal X-ray study. Studies on IMC thoroughly have been done for its antibacterial activity and it has shown significant positive responses against various pathogenic microbial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella aeruginosa, Shigella boydii) and non-pathogenic microbial isolates (Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas azotoformans). It was also found effective against methicillin-resistant bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus MRSA. The biodegradable IMC is an effective functional material with its future applicability as an antibacterial agent extending up to drug-resistant bacterial strains.

Abstract: Titanium and its alloys as well as stainless steel are commonly used materials for implants in the human body due to their excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, the long-term performance of these implants in the oral cavity can be affected by the complex oral environment, including the ingestion of food, beverages and oral hygiene products, leading to the presence of various ions, pH fluctuations and inflammatory processes. Investigating the performance of AISI 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy, two commonly used dental materials, in conditions that mimic inflammation can provide valuable insights into their suitability and long-term reliability and offer the opportunity to select the material according to the patient's health condition. The samples were exposed to artificial saliva with different concentrations of H2O2 with lactic acid for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The study includes the potentiodynamic method, EIS, SEM and EDS analysis. The determined corrosion rates clearly show that Ti6Al4V has better corrosion properties at lower H2O2 concentrations, which decrease with increasing immersion time due to its excellent passivity ability, while AISI 316L is more corrosion resistant with increasing H2O2 concentration. Both samples also exhibit re-passivation after being exposed to a high concentration of H2O2 for 96 hours.

Abstract: We study the synthesis of Ti₂AlC MAX-phase ceramics via spark plasma sintering (SPS), focusing on the effects of temperature, precursor composition, and transition metal doping (Mo, Ta, Hf, W, Y, Mn). Optimized sintering parameters were established, defining the precursor ratios necessary for Ti₂AlC formation. Structural and compositional analyses revealed that select transition metals—Ta, Hf, W, and Y—can be incorporated into the Ti₂AlC lattice, whereas Mo and Mn predominantly form separate phases. These findings provide insights into the controlled synthesis of MAX-phase materials with tunable properties for high-performance applications.

Abstract: Nanotubes (NTs) are nanosized tube-like structured materials made from various substances such as carbon, boron, or silicon. Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene/graphene oxide (G/GO), and fullerenes have good interatomic interactions and possess special characteristics, exploitable in several applications, because of the presence of sp2 and sp3 bonds. Among NTs, CNTs are the most studied compounds, due to their nonpareil electrical, mechanical, optical and biomedical properties. Moreover, particularly single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have demonstrated high ability as drug delivery systems and in transporting a wide range of chemicals across membranes and into living cells. Therefore, SWNTs more than other NT-structures, have piqued interest in medicinal applications, such as target delivery, improved imaging, tissue regeneration, medication and gene delivery, providing nanosized devices with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. SWNTs and multi walled CNTs (MWCNTs) have recently gained a great deal of attention for their antibacterial effects. Unfortunately, numerous recent studies have revealed unanticipated toxicities caused by CNTs. However, on these findings, contradictory opinions exist. Moreover, the problem of controlling CNTs-based products has become particularly evident, especially in relation to their high-scale production and the nanosized forms of the carbon constituting them. Important directive rules have been approved over the years, but further research and regulatory measures should be introduced for a safer production and utilization of CNTs. Upon this background, after an overview on CNMs and CNTs, the antimicrobial properties of SWNTs, as well as the most recent in vitro and in vivo studies on their possible toxicity with strategies to limit it have been provided and discussed in this review. Finally, a debate on the regulatory issues has been also included.

Abstract: The substantial presence of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) in outdoor environments detrimentally impacts natural ecosystems and exerts significant influence on urban climates. Conventional NOx treatment methods frequently suffer from challenges such as harsh reaction conditions and high energy consumption. Consequently, the development of advanced photocatalytic systems to efficiently degrade NOx while minimizing the formation of toxic byproducts represents a critical challenge in environmental catalysis. In this study, a novel ternary composite material (5% Mo-CN/InP-NBOC) was constructed via hydrothermal synthesis and surface modification strategies, achieving 42% NO oxidation efficiency under visible light irradiation with a mere 0.9% NO2 generation rate. This performance demonstrates efficient photocatalytic NO oxidation while effectively suppressing NO2 production. Systematic characterization techniques, including XRD, TEM, and XPS, confirmed the successful integration of InP quantum dots (5–10 nm) and amorphous Mo-CN onto NBOC nanosheets, forming an intimate heterojunction structure. PL and ESR analyses revealed that Mo-CN enhances charge carrier separation and governs the NO oxidation process through the activation of dual free radical pathways (•O2⁻ and •OH). This work establishes a "quantum dot-primary catalyst-cocatalyst" ternary collaborative design paradigm, providing experimental evidence and theoretical models to address the challenges of synergistic optimization among activity, selectivity, and stability in photocatalytic NOx treatment.

Abstract: Perfluoropropionic acid (CF₃CF₂C(O)OH) will be investigated with a focus on its complex structural properties. As a formal derivative of propanoic acid, the incorporation of fluorine atoms imparts unique structural features, including three distinct monomeric conformations and a dimeric structure. This study presents experimental findings, supported by computational modeling, to explore these characteristics. The analysis includes an FTIR study of the isolated species in an Ar-cryogenic matrix and the low-temperature determination of its crystalline structure using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: The rapid advancement of materials science is driving the development of emerging advanced materials such as nanomaterials, composites, biomaterials, and high-performance metals. These materials possess unique properties and offer significant potential for innovative applications across industries. Standardization plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability, consistency, and comparability of material quality assessments. Although typical material specification standards, which rigidly define allowable characteristic ranges, are well-suited for established materials like steel, they may not be directly applicable to emerging advanced materials due to their novelty and evolving nature. To address this challenge, a distinct approach is required—flexible yet robust testing standards. This paper introduces scenario-based methodologies, a structured approach to developing such standards, with a particular focus on metrological aspects of measurement methods and procedures. Additionally, self-assessment processes aimed at verifying measurement reliability are integrated into the methodology. These methodologies involve defining target materials and their applications, identifying critical material characteristics, specifying appropriate measurement methods and procedures, and promoting adaptable yet reliable guidelines. To maintain relevance with metrological advancements and evolving market demands, testing standards should undergo periodic review and updates. This approach enhances industrial confidence and facilitates market integration.

Abstract: Arising from Zhang et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08387-9 The authors present a multi-layer-stacked crystalline 2D Polyaniline (PAni) structure with metallic out-of-plane electrical conductivity.[1] They claim this out-of-plane metallic conductivity (15 S/cm) to be the highest conductivity of this type ever published. The PAni structure presented would in fact be unique and a new structure principle for conductive polymers as their model involves single chains as network strings in a 2D layer. While this publication offers some interesting prospects, there are too many unsupported statements, hence having found a new principle may be least premature. [1] Zhang, T., Chen, S., Petkov, P.S.et al.Two-dimensional polyaniline crystal with metallic out-of-plane conductivity.Nature638, 411–417 (2025)

Abstract: To keep up with the times, speed is one of the features of the turbofan engine, and this means operating under harsh conditions of high temperature and pressure. This is why engine parts, especially the high pressure turbine blades (HPT- Bs), often suffer from damage due to high temperature, high pressure, foreign bodies (FOD) impact and other factors. This study aims to apply a new thermal barrier coating (TBC) to increase HPT-Bs service cycles, reduce replace and maintain cost so preserve natural resources for future generations. To achieve this, a thermal spray method was used to apply NiCrBSi (as bond coat) and Ni based reinforced with tungsten carbide (WC) (as top coat) as composite TBC system with thickness 200-300 ?m, onto nickel based alloy substrate under conditions selected using the Taguchi program. By the microstructure, micro-hardness, thermal cycling and hot erosion tests, the TBC layer performance was investigated. Moreover, results were studied and discussions using a SEM, Optical microscopy and XRD analysis.

Abstract: Magnesium-lithium alloys, currently the lightest metallic structural materials, exhibit exceptional specific strength, superior damping capacity, and remarkable electromagnetic shielding properties. These characteristics endow them with significant potential for engineering applications in automotive, aerospace, satellite, and military industries. However, their poor corrosion resistance severely restricts practical implementation. This review systematically examines recent advances in surface engineering techniques for magnesium-lithium alloys, with a focus on corrosion protection strategies. Key approaches are critically analyzed, including chemical conversion coatings, electroless plating, anodization, and advanced coating technologies. Furthermore, emerging hybrid methods combining multiple surface treatments are highlighted. Finally, future research directions are proposed to address existing challenges in surface protection of magnesium-lithium alloys.

Abstract: Engineered substances that demonstrate superior properties compared with conventional materials are called advanced materials. Thermal energy storage systems based on Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offer an eco-friendly solution to reduce fuel and electricity consumption. The PCMs are compounds that can store thermal energy in the form of latent heat during phase transitions. Green synthesis of core/shell composite PCMs is an environmentally friendly method for producing these materials, focusing on reducing energy consumption, minimizing the use of harmful chemicals, and utilizing biodegradable or sustainable materials. Green synthesis methods typically involve natural materials, solvent-free techniques, green solvents, biomimetic approaches, and energy-efficient processes. This review presents the principles of latent heat thermal energy storage systems with PCMs in accordance with physical chemistry guidance. Furthermore, materials that can be used as PCMs, along with the most effective methods for improving their thermal performance, as well as various passive applications in the building sector, are highlighted. Finally, the focus on the combination of environmentally friendly processes and the performance benefits of composite PCMs that offer a sustainable solution for thermal energy storage and management is also discussed.

Abstract: Resistive gas sensors are among the most widely used sensors for detection of various gases. In this type of gas sensors, gas sensing capability is linked to surface properties of sensing layer and accordingly, modification of sensing surface is of importance to improve sensing output. Plasma treatment is a promising way to modify the surface properties of gas sensors, mainly by changing of amounts of oxygen ions that have a central role on the gas sensing reactions. In this review paper we are focusing on the role of plasma treatment of gas sensing features of resistive gas sensors. After an introduction about air pollution and toxic gases followed by an introduction about resistive gas sensors, the main concepts about plasma are presented. In the next part, the impact of plasma treatment on the sensing characteristics of various sensing materials are discussed. As gas sensing field is an interdisciplinary field, we believe that present review paper is highly interesting for researchers with various backgrounds working on gas sensors.

Abstract: Calcium lignosulfonate was incorporated into rubber compounds based on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) in the amount ranging from 10 to 60 phr. Sulfur based curing system and peroxide curing system consisting of dicumyl peroxide in combination with methacrylic acid zinc salt were used for cross-linking of rubber compounds. The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of lignosulfonate and curing system composition of curing process, cross-link density, morphology, physical-mechanical and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites. The achieved results showed that peroxide cured composites demonstrated higher cross-link density, which was found not to be influenced by the content of lignosulfonate. The cross-link density of sulfur cured composites was lower and showed a decreasing trend with increasing amount of the biopolymer. Lower cross-linking degree was reflected in higher elongation at break and higher increase of elongation at break of the corresponding composites. On the other hand, peroxide cured composites exhibited higher modulus M100 and higher hardness. The microscopic analysis revealed that co-agent in peroxide vulcanization contributed to the improvement of adhesion between the biopolymer and the rubber resulting in higher tensile strength of the equivalent composites. Higher cross-link density of peroxide cured composites caused higher restriction of the chains segments' mobility due to which these composites exhibited higher glass transition temperature.

Abstract: In this paper, we compared the effects of alumina nanoparticles and silicon nitride layer deposited on multi-crystalline silicon separately of structure, optic, and optoelectronic properties, to achieve excellent surface. Alumina nanoparticles -covered mc-Si immersion in HF/H2O2/HNO3 and porous silicon covered with silicon nitride structure are the key factors to achieving a high electronic quality of multi-crystalline silicon. Consequently, the surface reflectivity decreases from 35% to 2% for alumina nanoparticles/PS and to 5% for silicon nitride/PS in the wavelength range of 250–1200 nm. Meanwhile, the minority carrier diffusion length increases from 2 µm to 300 µm for PS combined with SiNx and to 100 µm for alumina nanoparticles/PS. Furthermore, the Two-Dimensional Produced Current measurement shows a significant enhancement compared to bare mc-Si (2.8 nA), reaching a maximum of 34 nA for alumina nanoparticles/PS and 66 nA for PS combined with SiN. These results indicate that multi-crystalline silicon surface passivation using aluminum/PS or PS combined with SiNx is an effective approach to enhancing the electronic quality of mc-Si wafers, thereby improving the efficiency of mc-Si-based solar cells.