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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0271.v1

Fitness in Evolutionary Biology

Thomas F. Hansen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Fitness, Natural selection

Online: 20 April 2018 (14:51:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0198.v1

Biotechnological and Industrial Applications of Enzymes Produced by Extremophilic Bacteria. A Mini Review

Kelly Dumorné

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: extromphiles; extremophilic bacteria; enzymes; biotechnology application

Online: 22 January 2018 (10:22:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0349.v1

In Silico Identification of Potent COVID-19 Main Protease Inhibitors from FDA Approved Antiviral Compounds and Active Phytochemicals through Molecular Docking: A Drug Repurposing Approach

Vaishali Chandel, Sibi Raj, Brijesh Rathi, Dhruv Kumar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: novel coronavirus; COVID-19; protease; molecular docking; drug designing; ADME; drug repurposing

Online: 23 March 2020 (09:47:49 CET)

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The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA) virus. The COVID-19 Main Proteases play very important role in the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). It has already killed more than 8000 people around the world and thousands of people are getting infected every day. Therefore, it is very important to identify a potential inhibitor against COVID-19 Main Proteases to inhibit the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). We have applied a drug repurposing approach of computational methodology, depending on the synergy of molecular docking and virtual screening techniques, aimed to identify possible potent inhibitors against Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from FDA approved antiviral compounds and from the library of active phytochemicals. On the basis of recently resolved COVID-19 Main Protease crystal structure (PDB:6LU7), the library of 100 FDA approved antiviral compounds and 1000 active components of Indian Medicinal Plants extracted for screening against COVID-19 Main Protease. The compounds were further screened using Pyrex virtual screening tool and then best inhibitors, top 19 compounds optimally docked to the COVID-19 Main Protease structure to understand the participation of specific amino acids with inhibitors at active sites. Total 19 best compounds were identified after screening based on their highest binding affinity with respect to the other screened compounds. Out of 19, 6 best compounds were further screened based on their binding affinity and best ADME properties. Nelfinavir exhibited highest binding energy -8.4 kcal/mol and strong stability with the TRP207, ILE281, LEU282, PHE3, PHE291, GLN127, ARG4, GLY283, GLU288, LYS5, LYS137, TYR126, GLY138, TYR126, SER139 and VAL135 amino acid residues of COVID-19 Main Protease participating in the interaction at the binding pocket. In addition to Nelfinavir (-8.4), Rhein (-8.1), Withanolide D (-7.8), Withaferin A (-7.7), Enoxacin (-7.4), and Aloe-emodin (-7.4) also showed good binding affinity and best ADME properties. Our findings suggest that these compounds can be used as potential inhibitors against COVID-19 Main Protease, which could be helpful in inhibiting the propagation of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Moreover, further in vitro and in vivo validation of these findings would be very helpful to bring these inhibitors to next level study.

Working Paper ARTICLE

Process Optimization for the Production of Yeast Extract from Fresh Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Muhammad Asjad Khan, Muhammad Mohsin Javed, Qurat-ul Ain, Sana Zahoor, Kaleem Iqbal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: yeast extract; fermentation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; molasses

Online: 6 July 2020 (04:08:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0150.v1

Chemical Characterization of Olive Pomace in the Northern Region of Jordan

Mohammed Wedyan, Bilal Abu Hanieh, Ahmed Al Harahsheh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: olive pomace oil; fatty acid profile; total nitrogen content; total protein; olive pomace; biochemical characterization

Online: 20 March 2017 (08:40:46 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Identification of a Potential Mechanism of Acute Kidney Injury During the Covid-19 Outbreak: A Study Based on Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis

Da Xu, Hao Zhang, Hai-yi Gong, Jia-xin Chen, Jian-qing Ye, Tong Meng, Si-shun Gan, Fa-jun Qu, Chuan-min Chu, Wang Zhou, Xiu-wu Pan, Lin-hui Wang, Xin-gang Cui

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; acute kidney injury; angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2); transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSSs)

Online: 23 February 2020 (15:42:24 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0091.v1

A Review of the 3D Designing of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering with a Focus on Keratin Protein

Aarti Baliga, Shashikant Borkar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: biomaterial; scaffold; protein; keratin; tissue engineering

Online: 26 September 2016 (10:25:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0375.v1

Extraction and Purification of Melanin From Various Cells and Tissues

Noble K Kurian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: melanin; extraction; isolation; animal; plant; microbes

Online: 27 May 2022 (09:07:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0055.v1

Solvent Free-microwave Green Extraction of Essential Oil from Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis L.): Effects on Shelf Life of Flavored Liquid Whole Eggs during Storage under Commercial Retail Conditions

Malek Aboudaou, Mohamed Amine Ferhat, Mohamed Hazzit, Agustín Ariño, Djamel Djenane

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: orange peel essential oil; green extraction; liquid whole eggs; biopreservation; shelf-life

Online: 8 January 2018 (09:22:37 CET)

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A possible way to valorize citrus peels, which are byproducts of the juice extraction industry, is to use them as natural biopreservatives. In this paper we present early results from a compared Solvent Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) with Hydro-Distillation (HD) and Cold Pressing (CP) of essential oils (EOs) using fresh orange peel (Citrus sinensis L. var. Valencia late), a by-product in the production of orange juice in Algeria. The EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All extracted C. sinensis EOs were chemotype limonene (94.64 to 95.48%). SFME is performed without added any solvent or water. SFME increases EO yield and eliminate wastewater treatment, resulting in a great progress in terms of time and cost efficiency. In its second part, the present study was conducted to evaluate “in vitro”, the antioxidant activities of Solvent Free Microwave (SFM) extracted orange EO by using the DPPH• (2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. The ability of orange EO to scavenge the free radical DPPH• was high, exceeding 80%. The result of the DPPH assay gives an IC₅₀ range value of 89.25 μg/mL (0.09 mg/mL) for the studied sample. Accordingly to the scientific literature, C. sinensis EO tested in the present study presented strong antioxidant activity, when looking to its values of AAI = 1.12 μg/mL. The feasibility of biopreservation used EOs as an alternative to synthetic techniques for liquid whole egg (LWE) stored under commercial retail conditions was investigated. The orange EO extracted by SFM was screened for its antibacterial and antioxidant activities in LWE at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%. The TBA-RS results showed that the EO treatments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the lipid oxidation in LWE. The long term oxidative, microbial and organoleptical stability of the LWE during display was positively influenced by orange EO treatments. Therefore, the results obtained here confirm that EO treatment as a promising technology to extend the commercial shelf-life of liquid egg products during retail/display.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201812.0170.v1

Nanocellulose in Biotechnology and Medicine: Focus on Skin Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing

Lucie Bacakova, Julia Pajorova, Marketa Bacakova, Anne Skogberg, Pasi Kallio, Katerina Kolarova, Vaclav Svorcik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: bacterial nanocellulose; nanofibrillated nanocellulose; animal nanocellulose; algal nanocellulose; tissue engineering; tissue repair; wound dressing; cell delivery; drug delivery; antimicrobial properties

Online: 14 December 2018 (06:44:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0080.v1

SHERLOCK and DETECTR: CRISPR-Cas Systems as Potential Rapid Diagnostic Tools for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer-Associated Mutations

Mujahed Mustafa, Abdelrafie Makhawi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: cancer-related viruses; CRISPR-Cas diagnostic tools; DETECTR; infectious disease; SHERLOCKv2

Online: 7 April 2020 (09:43:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0386.v1

Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications and Essential Bioactivities for Human Health

José Nabor Haro-González, Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera, Moisés Martínez-Velázquez, Hugo Espinosa-Andrews

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Clove essential oil; biological activity; chemical composition, extraction.

Online: 18 August 2021 (14:19:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1

Plants as a Prospective Source of Natural Anti-viral Compounds and Oral Vaccines Against COVID-19 Coronavirus

Mahdi Yonesi, Alireza Rezazadeh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: 2019 Novel Coronavirus; plants; antiviral compounds; plant recombinant vaccines

Online: 19 April 2020 (04:15:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0072.v1

Batch Fermentation Options for High Titer Bioethanol Production from a SPORL Pretreated Douglas-fir Forest Residue without Detoxification

Mingyan Yang, Hairui Ji, J.Y. ZHU

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: forest residue; pretreatment; liquefaction; enzymatic hydrolysis/saccharification; fermentation; high titer bioethanol; detoxification

Online: 8 August 2016 (10:39:56 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0315.v1

Niosomes: A Novel Targeted Drug Delivery System

Iman Akbarzadeh, Kamand Sedaghatnia, Mahsa Bourbour, Zahra Moghaddam, Maryam Moghtaderi, Ehsa Samimi-Sohrforozani, Sameer Quazi, Bahareh Far

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Nanotechnology; Niosomes; Targeted Drug Delivery

Online: 20 December 2021 (14:18:53 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0015.v1

Study of the Effect of Thermoultrasound on the Antioxidant Compounds and Fatty Acid Profile from Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus spp) Juice

J. Jesús Manríquez-Torres, J. Antonio Sánchez-Franco, Esther Ramírez-Moreno, Nelly del S. Cruz-Cansino, J. Alberto Ariza-Ortega, J. Martín Torres-Valencia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Blackberry juice; Thermoultrasound; Antioxidant Compounds; Fatty Acids

Online: 7 October 2016 (10:12:21 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0055.v1

Existing Biosensing Platforms for the Nucleotide Markers Detection

Elena Dmitrienko, Inna Pyshnaya, Fedor Dultsev, Andrey Tronin, Dmitrii Pyshnyi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: hybridization analysis; nucleic acids; optical biosensors; electrochemical biosensors; micromechanical (piezoelectric) sensors

Online: 9 November 2016 (10:28:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0144.v1

Inhibition of PARP Activity Attenuated Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

Shishun Huang, Bing Zhang, Yingli Chen, Huan Liu, Yang Liu, Xin Li, Zhiwei Bao, Zhenyuan Song, Zhigang Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: alcoholic fatty liver disease; PARP; PJ34; triglyceride

Online: 24 April 2017 (05:30:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0046.v1

Herbal Bio-Disinfectants: Z. zanthoxyloides and G. latifolium as Effective Antimicrobial Agents against Inherent Microbial Pathogens in Water.

Adeyemi Ojutalayo Adeeyo, John Ogoni Odiyo, Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Bio-disinfection, G. latifolium, Water, Z. zanthoxyloides.

Online: 3 October 2018 (12:53:16 CEST)

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Water and sanitation facilities in sub-Saharan Africa and Africa in general are appalling and for the most part absent. Progress continues with respect to the development of plant materials as potent adsorbents, disinfectants, coagulants, flocculants, wetland species and lots more as substitutes for the dangerous chemical disinfectants. This research presents the potential of phyto-active components of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Gongronema latifolium as effective biocides against water microbial contaminants. Dry powder of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Gongronema latifolium were extracted and prepared into different concentrations with ethyl acetate and chloroform, ranging from 25 to 500 mg/ml. These fractions were then examined for antimicrobial activities against inherent bacterial and fungal water contaminants using disc diffusion assay. Fractions were afterwards screened for phytochemical active compounds using standard methods. Crude extracts of the different plant examined selectively comprise saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, phlobatanins and alkaloids. All plant extracts showed broad spectrum antibiosis against selected gram positive and gram negative bacteria including E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp, S. pneumoniae and B. cereus, as well as tested fungi, including A. niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma sp and Candida sp. While all extracts exhibited maximum antibiosis at 500 mg/ml, the chloroform extracts compared well than ethyl acetate extracts. The overall results revealed that antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts are dose dependent with comparative activity greater than that of commercial antibiotics at the concentration of extracts tested. E.coli was the most susceptible microbial isolate tested and represents the potential of the extract against a group of coliform which are important indicators of microbial pollution in water. Other microbial isolates also recorded sensitivity to extracts tested at varying degrees. The findings indicate that microbes tested were mostly susceptible to chloroform extract of Z. zanthoxyloides and G. latifolium except for the activity of ethyl acetate extract of Z. zanthoxyloide against E.coli. Results of phytochemical screening of the extract also showed the varied presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and anthraquinones The results indicated that plant materials investigated can be developed as effective biocides against water microbial contaminants

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0220.v1

The PHA4GE SARS-CoV-2 Contextual Data Specification for Open Genomic Epidemiology

Emma J. Griffiths, Ruth E. Timme, Andrew J. Page, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Dan Fornika, Finlay Maguire, Catarina Inês Mendes, Simon H. Tausch, Allison Black, Thomas R. Connor, Gregory H. Tyson, David M. Aanensen, Brian Alcock, Josefina Campos, Alan Christoffels, Anders Gonçalves da Silva, Emma Hodcroft, William W.L. Hsiao, Lee S. Katz, Samuel M. Nicholls, Paul E. Oluniyi, Idowu B. Olawoye, Amogelang R. Raphenya, Ana Tereza R. Vasconcelos, Adam A. Witney, Duncan R. MacCannell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: genomics; metadata; SARS-CoV-2; bioinformatics; data standards

Online: 9 August 2020 (15:53:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0055.v1

Bioelectricity Potential through Plant Microbial Fuel Cell System Using by Cynodon dactylon (Dooba ghas)

Atit Jawre, Priyanshi Chauhan, Anket Patel, Hari Prajapati, Sardul Singh Sandhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: P-MFCs; Cynodon dactylon; energy; bioelectric potential; electricity generation

Online: 5 September 2019 (09:55:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0218.v1

Effect of Auxins and Associated Metabolic Changes on Cuttings of Hybrid Aspen

Shao Peng Yan, Rui Hua Yang, Fang Wang, Li Na Sun, Xing Shun Song

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Auxin, Cutting, Hybrid aspen, Rooting

Online: 30 March 2017 (16:22:32 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0073.v1

Wastewater Remediation Using Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioenergy Production

Balaji B. Prasath, Karen Poon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: wastewater treatment; microbial fuel cells; bioenergy

Online: 6 June 2018 (05:38:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0291.v1

CO₂ Narcosis as a Root Cause of Unexplained Physiological Events in High Performance Aircraft

Oleg Bassovitch

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: respiratory acidosis; CO2 narcosis; acute respiratory distress syndrome; hyperoxia

Online: 17 April 2020 (01:59:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0101.v1

Role of AA-NAT and TPH1 in the Ghrelin-Dependent Regulation of Melatonin Secretion in Sheep during Different Seasons: An In Vitro Study

Katarzyna Kirsz, Malgorzata Szczesna, Dorota A. Zieba

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: ghrelin; serotonin N-acetyltransferase; tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1; melatonin; pineal gland; photoperiod; sheep

Online: 28 February 2017 (11:13:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0218.v1

Mucormycosis: Botanical Insights Into The Major Causative Agents

Naser A. Anjum

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Mucormycosis; Causative agents; Rhizopus sp.; Mucor sp.; Botanical insights; COVID-19

Online: 8 June 2021 (13:36:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0004.v1

Purification of Polymer-Grade Fumaric Acid from Fermented Spent Sulfite Liquor

Diogo Figueira, João Cavalheiro, Bruno Sommer Ferreira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: fumaric acid; purification; spent sulfite liquor; biorefineries

Online: 1 March 2017 (09:41:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0105.v1

In Vivo Imaging of Local Gene Expression Induced by Magnetic Hyperthermia

Olivier Sandre, Coralie Genevois, Eneko Garaio, Laurent Adumeau, Stéphane Mornet, Franck Couillaud

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: magnetic hyperthermia; gene therapies; heat shock protein promoter; in vivo optical imaging; magnetic polymer-coated nanoparticles

Online: 24 January 2017 (04:14:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0071.v1

High Bacterial Agglutination Activity in a Single-CRD C-Type Lectin from Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Leila Gasmi, Juan Ferré, Salvador Herrero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: C-type lectin; agglutination; CRD; bacterial detection; E. coli

Online: 13 January 2017 (13:17:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0189.v1

A Review on Established and Emerging Fermentation Schemes for Microbial Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Biopolyesters

Martin Koller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: batch; biopolyesters; bioreactor; cell recycling; continuous; chemostat; fed-batch; fermentation; pH-stat; polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)

Online: 21 March 2018 (13:01:12 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0498.v1

Fermentation Optimization for Actinomycetes as a Single Cell Protein: A Comprehensive Review

Hayat Ullah, Asad Ullah, Muhammad Waseem Khan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: single cell protein; probiotic; actinomycetes; fermentation optimization

Online: 28 April 2020 (10:49:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0473.v1

An Overview of the Ferredoxin NAD+ Reductases Used for Energy Conservation in Various Anaerobic Microorganisms

Antoine Boullet, Isabelle Meynial-Salles

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Rnf complex; energy conservation; ferredoxin NAD+ reductase; anaerobic metabolism

Online: 25 July 2018 (09:39:35 CEST)

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In the context of the development of bioprocesses for the production of biofuels and bulk chemicals, microbial cells are rationally engineered to produce such molecules at high yield and titres in order to develop new biological methods that satisfy economic constraints. The redox and energetic balances of such strains play crucial roles in performance. Processes performed in strict anaerobes have a limited amount of energy available compared to that in aerobic organisms. This energy is obtained through fermentation and/or ion gradient-driven phosphorylation. Such anaerobic organisms have developed energy conservation mechanisms to increase ATP yields. This paper presents the properties of one of these mechanisms catalysed by the Rnf complex, an ion-translocating membrane complex with a ferredoxin NAD+ oxidoreductase activity. The Rnf complex performs the transfer of electrons from reduced ferredoxin to NAD+ coupled with an ion-motive transport. Ferredoxin is a common electron carrier for anaerobic bacteria and, with NAD+, is involved in several pathways of interest for the production of biofuels. This complex was first identified in Rhodobacter capsulatus and found to be involved in nitrogen fixation. It was then found to be involved in energy conservation in multiple anaerobic organisms, from acetobacteria such as Acetobacterium woodii to sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfovibrio alaskensis and autotrophic bacteria such as Clostridium ljungdahlii and Clostridium aceticum. The Rnf complex triggers two types of ion transports: it can be either a sodium or a proton transporter. Both of these transports create a gradient of ions, generating a membrane potential that is then used by ATPase to produce ATP and thus serving as an energy conservation mechanism. In this review, the available information on the Rnf complex from genetic organization up to its in vivo and in vitro activities in several microorganisms is summarized, with a special focus on the proton-motive Rnf complex.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0102.v1

Live Florescent Staining Platform Drug-Screening and Mechanism-Analysis in Zebrafish for Bone Mineralization

Jung-Ren Chen, Yu-Heng Lai, Jhih-Jie Tsai, Chung-Der Hsiao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: drug screening； bone mineralization； osteoclast； zebrafish

Online: 21 September 2017 (06:34:11 CEST)

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Currently, drug screening is primarily based on human cell culture for initial high-throughput screening, and subsequently, rodent model to confirm the biological effects. However, the mammalian system is known for time-consuming and highly-cost to be difficult to perform high-throughput drug screening, which exists a critical gap between in vitro cell-based models and the in vivo mammalian models. Therefore, the zebrafish could bridge this gap in preclinical toxicity screening along the drug development pipeline because of its efficiency. We aimed to develop an in vivo zebrafish platform for rapid drug screening. Zebrafish, due to its high genomic conservation with mammals and rapid development and differentiation, it has many advantages, such as short life span, large number of offspring and low cost, easy manipulation for generating transgenic species, to serve as animal model for disease-based research. In 96-well microplates, zebrafish embryos were incubated with small molecular compounds that affected bone mineralization. The level of osteogenic mineralization was evaluated by fluorescent dye staining and quantified by image analysis software. Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the biological pathways involved in bone metabolism at the molecular level. The system was validated by demonstrating that response to alendronate and Dorsomorphin in zebrafish. In our study, we screened for 24 compounds within the CYCU-1120~1152 chemical library and identified 3 compounds, pentamidine (CYCU-1140), BML-267 (CYCU-1147), and alendronate (CYCU-1152), increased embryonic mineralization; while 6 compounds, RWJ-60475 (CYCU-1126), levamisole HCL (CYCU-1128), tetramisole HCL (CYCU-1129), fenvalerate (CYCU-1132), NSC-663284 (CYCU-1138), and BML-267ester (CYCU-1148), were inhibitory to bone mineralization. We also found that alendronate enhanced the level of bone mineralization by inhibiting osteoclast-related genes. To sum up, our research showed that zebrafish may have potential to be a drug-screening and mechanism-analysis platform for bone mineralization.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0390.v1

Biological Contamination: A Serious Constraint in Large Scale Microalgae Biomass Production

Bidhu Bhusan Makut, Saubhagya Manjari Samantaray

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Biological contaminants; grazers; microalgae; open cultivation; biopesticides

Online: 26 October 2021 (14:36:19 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0071.v1

Practices of Indigenous Agriculture Knowledge of Farmers in India

Avinash Sharma, Chowlani Manpoong, Himanshu Pandey, Chandan Kumar, Yani Baja, Sanjit Singh, Chitkiya Mounglung

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Practices; traditional knowledge; agriculture; farmers; India

Online: 6 June 2022 (08:41:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0052.v1

A Systems Biology Approach Using Transcriptomic Data Reveals Genes and Pathways in Porcine Skeletal Muscle Affected by Dietary Lysine

Taiji Wang, Jean M. Feugang, Mark A. Crenshaw, Naresh Regmi, John R. Blanton Jr., Shengfa F. Liao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: lysine; skeletal muscle; transcriptome; gene expression; microarray; pig

Online: 10 April 2017 (06:30:13 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0724.v1

Pharmaceutical Solutions for Deep Space Travel and Colonization: Background, Challenges, and Possibilities

James Jabara

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: astronaut health; space medicine; pharmaceutical stability; space pharmacy; radioprotection; Mars missions; space exploration and colonization.

Online: 30 November 2020 (12:00:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0222.v1

Production of Bioethanol from Agricultural Wastes Using Residual Thermal Energy of a Cogeneration Plant in the Distillation Phase

Raffaela Cutzu, Laura Bardi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: bioethanol, fruits, Corn Threshing Residue, fermentation, distillation

Online: 30 March 2017 (17:49:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0166.v1

Bile acid detoxifying enzymes limit susceptibility to liver fibrosis in female SHRSP5/Dmcr rats fed with a high-fat-cholesterol diet

Husna Yetti, Hisao Naito, Yuan Yuan, Xiaofang Jia, Yumi Hayashi, Hazuki Tamada, Kazuya Kitamori, Katsumi Ikeda, Yukio Yamori, Tamie Nakajima

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: constitutive androstene receptor; cytochrome P450, fibrosis; gender difference; high-fat-cholesterol (HFC) diet; necrosis; stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive 5/Dmcr rats; sulfotransferase, pregnane X receptor; UGP-glucuronosyltransferase

Online: 23 May 2017 (07:54:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0207.v1

SMARTdenovo: A de novo Assembler Using Long Noisy Reads

Hailin Liu, Shigang Wu, Alun Li, Jue Ruan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: SMARTdenovo; single-molecule sequencing; genome assembly

Online: 9 September 2020 (10:48:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0044.v1

Microbial Surfactants: The Next Generation Multifunctional Biomolecules for Diverse Applications

Emmanuel O. Fenibo, Grace N. Ijoma, Selvarajan Ramganesh, Chioma B. Chikere

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Biosurfactants; Biotechnological applications; MEOR; synthetic surfactants; sustainability

Online: 4 September 2019 (13:32:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0053.v1

Granular Biofilms: Formation, Function, Application, and New Trends as Model Microbial Communities

Anna Christine Trego, Simon Mills, Gavin Collins

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Anammox; biofilms; granulation; methanogens; microbial ecology; sludge granules; wastewater

Online: 7 June 2019 (03:48:36 CEST)

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As the global demand for water increases, so does the quantity of wastewater requiring treatment. Due to a relatively low carbon footprint, compared with conventional wastewater treatment technologies, anaerobic digestion (AD) was identified in the 1970s as a forerunner in the push for sustainability, when interest in sustainable technologies and renewable energy sources was first sparked. AD technology development ultimately resulted in the discovery of the ‘anaerobic granule’. It is a spontaneously-forming bio-aggregate of microbial cells capable of digesting pollutants and producing methane-rich biogas as a renewable source of bioenergy. The high settling velocity of such granules meant that AD systems could be operated as high-rate treatment processes, because the active, relatively-slow-growing, pollutant-removing biomass would be retained inside, and not washed out of, even bioreactors operated at extremely high volumetric loading rates. In the intervening years the emergence of the anaerobic ammonium oxidising (anammox) granule, aerobic granule, hydrogenic granule, oxygenic photogranule, and many other functionally-specialised granules, has opened new opportunities in wastewater treatment biotechnology. Whilst environmental engineering based around wastewater treatment is still a growing field of research and implementation, the granule (in all forms) is starting to catch the attention of microbial ecologists. It is a self-immobilised biofilm, with many of the properties of ‘conventional’ biofilms formed in Nature. However, as a single entity, a granule represents an entire community of microorganisms, competing or functioning cooperatively or in syntrophy. Together, inside a bioreactor, granules perform side-by-side arguably representing a meta-organism. Granules are gaining traction as the perfect samples for high-throughput studies on fundamental ecological concepts. Granular biofilms can be used to test hypotheses around drivers of diversity, community assembly, biofilm formation and maturation, community expansion and succession, community stress response, among others. This review outlines the history of three of the most influential types of granules: the anaerobic (methanogenic), aerobic and anammox granule. The main biochemical processes found in each type; their primary characteristics; and the typical makeup of the microbial community underpinning the processes are compared. Finally, the adoption of granules as the perfect ‘playground’ for experiments in microbial ecology is reviewed.

Working Paper REVIEW

Sequencing Enabling Design and Learning in Synthetic Biology

Pierre-Aurelien Gilliot, Thomas E. Gorochowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: sequencing; omics; synthetic biology; systems biology; machine learning; biological design

Online: 23 April 2020 (03:47:02 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0180.v1

Preparation of Interface-Assembled Carbonyl Reductase and Its Application in Synthesis of S-Licarbazepine in Toluene/Tri-HCl Buffer Biphasic System

Zhimin Ou, Jiahui Xu, Yangping Niu, Jian Cui

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Biotransformation; interface-assembling carbonyl reductase; oxcarbazepine; polystyrene; S-licarbazepine

Online: 23 March 2017 (09:33:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0068.v2

Discovery of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands by Targeting Host-specific SARS-CoV-2’s Structurally Conserved Main Protease

Rakesh Joshi, Shounak Jagdale, Sneha Bansode, S. Shiva Shankar, Meenakshi Tellis, Vaibhav Kumar Pandya, Ashok Giri, Mahesh Kulkarni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; hACE-2; MPro; multi-target-directed ligand; protease inhibito; RdRp; SARS-CoV-2 virus

Online: 9 April 2020 (05:13:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0202.v1

Decontamination of Bacteria from Water with Moderate Electric and Magnetic Fields

Alakaparampil J. Varkey, Mgidi D. Dlamini, Simiso K. Mkhonta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: bacterial inactivation; drinking water; electromagnetic fields; electroporation; Escherichia coli

Online: 30 November 2017 (11:22:25 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0117.v1

Application of CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing for Abiotic Stress Management in Crop Plants

Manoj Kumar, Manas Ranjan Prusty, Manish K. Pandey, Prashant Kumar Singh, Baozhu Guo, Rajeev K. Varshney

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: abiotic stress tolerance; base editing; CRISPR/Cas9; crop production; gene editing; prime editing

Online: 8 September 2022 (03:31:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0359.v1

Evaluation of Fermentation Rate for the Production of a Protein Based African Seed Condiment

Modupe Ojewumi, J.A. Omoleye , A.A. Adesola, E. E. Alagbe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Parkia biglobosa, alkaline fermentation, vegetable protein, condiment, pH

Online: 22 June 2018 (14:38:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0287.v2

Engineering a Minimal Cloning Vector from a pUC18 Plasmid Backbone with an Extended Multiple Cloning Site

Jens Staal, Wouter De Schamphelaire, Rudi Beyaert

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: PCR; recombination; cloning; engineering; biotechnology; synthetic biology; synthetic nucleotide; plasmids; repository; minimalism; Escherichia coli; mutagenesis

Online: 15 October 2018 (09:22:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0096.v1

The Extracellular Domain of Human High Affinity Copper Transporter (hNdCTR1), Synthesized by E. coli Cells, Chelates Silver and Copper Ions in Vivo

Tatiana P. Sankova, Iurii A. Orlov, Andrey N. Saveliev, Demid A. Kirilenko, Polina S. Babich, Pavel N. Brunkov, Ludmila V. Puchkova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: CTR1 metal-binding extracellular domain cloning; copper/silver chelation; E. coli filamentous growth; secondary silver nanoparticles formation

Online: 27 August 2017 (11:56:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0035.v1

Use of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Treatment Efficacy in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Ping-Chin Chang, Pin-Hui Wang, Kow-Tong Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test; pulmonary tuberculosis; sensitivity; specificity

Online: 9 January 2017 (03:58:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0022.v1

Harnessing Synthetic Biology to Meet the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals

Katherine French

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Synthetic biology; Sustainable Development Goals

Online: 3 January 2019 (13:14:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0449.v1

Mass Cultivation of New Algae Tetraselmis straiata BBRR1 under Open Raceway Ponds for Biodiesel and Biocrude Production

Annakkili Baskara Boopathy, Thanasekaran Jayakumar, Muthu Ganasan Rajaram, Natarajan Mohan, Chinnasamy Senthil, Subramanian Nagaraj, Ramasamy Rengasamy, Manjunath Manubolu, Joen-Rong Sheu, Chao-Chien Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: green algae; biomass; fatty acids; Tetraselmis straiata; lipids; carotenoids; raceway ponds

Online: 19 October 2018 (11:09:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0085.v1

Isoprenoids Production from Lipid-Extracted Microalgal Biomass Residues Using the Engineered E. coli

Sumeng Wang, Jianming Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: lipid extracted microalgae, isoprenoids, detoxification

Online: 14 April 2017 (09:11:15 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0433.v1

Prevalence of Cancer in District Banu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Hina Rehman, Muhammad Ilyas, Muzammil Shah, Waqar Ali, Ayaz Ali Khan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Cancer; Bannu; Prevalence; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Online: 6 May 2020 (12:34:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0385.v1

Development of a Stoichiometric Model for Estimation of Metabolic Fluxes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during Tequila Production

José Daniel Padilla-de la Rosa, Anne Gschaedler-Mathis, Abril Gomez-Guzman, Orfil González-Reynoso

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: flux balance analysis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; tequila; fermentation; higher alcohols

Online: 16 November 2018 (07:37:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0143.v1

A Marine Fibrinolytic Compound FGFC1 Stimulating Enzymatic Kinetic Parameters of a Reciprocal Activation System Based on a Single Chain Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen

Guo Ruihua, Duan Dong, Shaotong Hong, Yu Zhou, Fang Wang , Shujun Wang, Wenhui Wu, Bin Bao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: fibrinolytic acticity; FGFC1; plasminogen activator; plasminogen; enzymatic kinetic

Online: 28 September 2017 (09:17:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202302.0142.v1

Recent Advances in the Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of mRNA Vaccines

K Swetha, Niranjan G Kotla, Lakshmi Tunki, Arya Jayaraj, Suresh K. Bhargava, Haitao Hu, Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Rajendra Kurapati

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: vaccine; mRNA; COVID 19; lipid nanoparticles

Online: 8 February 2023 (09:55:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0218.v1

Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Current Progress and Challenges

Shreelaxmi Gavas, Sameer Quazi, Tomasz Karpiński

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: cancer; nanoparticles; chemotherapy; cellular targeting; multidrug resistance; cryosurgery; scale-up

Online: 10 August 2021 (09:44:24 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0051.v1

Applications of Metals for Bone Regeneration

Kristina Glenske, Phil Donkiewicz, Alexander Köwitsch, Nada Milosevic-Oljaca, Sven Rofall, Jörg Franke, Ole Jung, Reinhard Schnettler, Sabine Wenisch, Mike Barbeck

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: metals; dental regeneration; bioactivity; tissue regeneration; bone

Online: 6 February 2018 (05:25:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0350.v1

Antibodies Engineering by Computational Approach

Mujahed I. Mustafa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Antibodies engineering; Computational approach; Novel drugs; Synthetic immunology; Next generation antibodies

Online: 28 June 2020 (20:24:49 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0574.v1

An Engineering Theory of Evolution

Simeon Castle, Claire Grierson, Thomas Gorochowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: evolution; evotype; engineering theory; genotype-phenotype maps; directed evolution; selection; synthetic biology; bioengineering; evolvability; self-adaptive systems

Online: 26 August 2020 (09:23:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0419.v1

Determination of Carbohydrate Composition in Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production

Yengkhom Disco Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Lignocellulosic biomass; cellulose; hemicellulose; lignin; biofuel

Online: 20 September 2018 (16:16:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0014.v1

Effect of Traditional Household Processes on Iron, Zinc and Copper Bioaccessibility in Black Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)

Sabrina Feitosa, Ralf Greiner, Ann-Katrin Meinhardt, Alexandra Müller, Deusdélia T. Almeida, Clemens Posten

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: beans; iron, zinc and copper bioaccessibility; myo-inositol phosphates; anti-nutrients; polyphenols; household processing

Online: 2 July 2018 (13:19:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0351.v1

Genome Editing: An Emerging Tool for Plant Breeders

Anand Kumar, Karansher Sandhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Conventional method; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Sequence; Genome editing; RNA Interference; TALEN

Online: 23 March 2020 (10:23:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0474.v1

Application of Biosensors in Cancers, An Overview

Sameer Quazi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Biosensors; DNA; RNA; Cancer; Biomarkers; Proteomics

Online: 31 January 2022 (21:21:33 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0451.v1

The Smell of Synthetic Biology: Engineering Strategies for Aroma Compound Production in Yeast

Niël van Wyk, Heinrich Kroukamp, Isak S. Pretorius

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: aroma; bioflavour; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; synthetic biology; yeast; Yeast 2.0

Online: 27 June 2018 (15:24:02 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0218.v1

Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Auspicious Microbial Macromolecules for Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications

Martin Koller

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Biocompatibility; Biodegradability; Biopolyesters; Biopolymers; Composites; Drug Release; Implants; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Scaffolds; Tissue Engineering

Online: 23 January 2018 (16:49:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0137.v1

Falling Water Ice Purification of Ice-Binding Proteins

Chen Adar, Vera Sirotinskaya, Maya Bar Dolev, Tomer Friehmann, Ido Braslavsky

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: ice-binding proteins; antifreeze proteins, cold finger, ice affinity purification.

Online: 16 January 2018 (07:56:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0392.v1

Novel Multi Epitope-based Vaccine against Monkeypox Virus: Vaccinomic approach

Shaza Shantier, Mujahed Mustafa, Abdelrahman Abdelmoneim, Hiba Fadl, Sahar Elbager, Abdelrafie Makhawi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Multi Epitope; monkeypox virus (MPXV); Vaccine; Immunoinformatics; In silico; Molecular docking

Online: 29 June 2022 (03:43:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0083.v1

Microcantilever Resonators for Ochratoxin A Detection in Food and Drinks

Karin Santoro, Ambra Prelle, Davide Spadaro, Maria Lodovica Gullino, Carlo Ricciardi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: coffee; grape juice; immunosensing; mycotoxins; nanobiosensors; wine; microcantilever

Online: 13 October 2017 (03:42:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0068.v1

Approach for the Development of a Framework for the Identification of Activities of Daily Living Using Mobile Devices’ Sensors

Ivan Miguel Pires, Nuno M. Garcia, Nuno Pombo, Francisco Flórez-Revuelta, Susanna Spinsante

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Activities of Daily Living (ADL); environment; sensors; mobile devices, framework; data acquisition; data processing; data fusion; pattern recognition; machine learning

Online: 8 January 2018 (11:34:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0264.v1

Biological Consortia Designed for Laccase Production and Dye Removal

Roberto González, Roberto Villagómez, Alfredo Madariaga, Javier Castro, César González

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: designed consortium; textile effluents; biological induction; azo dyes

Online: 20 April 2018 (11:25:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0296.v1

Bacterial Melanin with Immense Cosmetic Potential Produced by Marine Bacteria Bacillus pumilus MIN3

Chavda Jigna, Pankhaniya Mira Gordhanbhai, Noble Kurian K.

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: melanin; antimicrobial; antioxidant; photoprotection

Online: 23 May 2022 (10:32:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0514.v1

Advances and Milestones of Radish Breeding: An Update

Anand Kumar, Prashant Kaushik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: radish; breeding; interspecific hybridization; molecular breeding; genomics; genetic engineering

Online: 26 August 2021 (16:46:36 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0027.v1

Insights into the Diagnostic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles and their miRNA Signature from Liquid Biopsy as Early Biomarkers of Diabetic Micro/Macrovascular Complications

Valeria La Marca, Alessandra Fierabracci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: EVs; endothelial-derived microparticles; platelet-derived microparticles; non-invasive biomarkers; miRNAs signature; diabetes associated complications; micro-macrovascular damage; diabetic nephropathy

Online: 8 September 2017 (09:38:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0347.v1

Physicochemical Composition, Antioxidant Profile and Anticancer Potentialities of Chico (Pachycereus Weberi) and Jiotilla (Escontria Chiotilla) Fruits Extract

Luisaldo Sandate-Flores, Eduardo Romero-Esquivel, Patricia Reyna Ontiveros, Marcos Fredy Morales Celaya, José Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Magdalena Rostro-Alanis, Elda Madai Melchor Martínez, Carlos Castillo-Zacarias, Wei Ning Chen, Hafiz M.N. Iqbal, Roberto Parra-Saldívar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Pachycereus weberi; Escontria chiotilla; bioactive entities; antioxidant activity; phenolic compounds; betalains; food composition; food analysis; cytotoxicity

Online: 29 January 2020 (04:29:42 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0641.v1

Optimizing Spray-Dried Porous Particles for High Dose Delivery with a Portable Dry Powder Inhaler

Yoen-Ju Son, Danforth P. Miller, Jeffry G. Weers

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: packing density; product density; small porous particles; corrugated particles

Online: 29 July 2021 (10:18:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0019.v1

Elucidating the Importance of Numeracy Skills for Undergraduate Students in Life Sciences Using the Oxygen Requirement in Yeast as an Example

Vijayendran Raghavendran, Karel Olavarria, Andreas Karoly Gombert

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: diffusion; gas transfer; fermentation; uptake rate; physio-chemical

Online: 2 March 2018 (07:01:22 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0234.v1

How Biological Concepts and Evolutionary Theories Are Inspiring Advances in Machine Intelligence

Abigail R. Gutai, Thomas E. Gorochowski

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: artificial intelligence; artificial neural networks; genetic algorithms; evolution; neuroevolution; machine learning

Online: 14 September 2021 (10:40:01 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0395.v2

Beclabuvir can Inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of Newly Emerged Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

Kunal Dutta, Sergey Shityakov, Olga Morozova, Ibrahim Khalifa, Jin Zhang, Wei Zhu, Amiya Panda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2); RdRp; HCV; beclabuvir; in silico; molecular docking

Online: 2 April 2020 (11:25:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0430.v2

To Serum or Not to Serum: Reduced-serum Based Approaches for Contact-based Co-culture of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes for Wound Bed Studies

Snehal Kadam, Madhusoodhanan Vandana, Karishma Kaushik

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Co-culture; Reduced-serum; Wound bed; Fibroblasts; Keratinocytes

Online: 12 March 2020 (13:24:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0445.v1

Two Dogmas for the Emergence of Biological Systems: Cell Theory and Self-Replication

Francisco Prosdocimi, Sohan Jheeta, Sávio Torres de Farias

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: cells; LUCA; RNA world; PTC; bacteria; Archaea; translation system

Online: 30 May 2018 (09:33:22 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1897.v1

Where Does the EU-Path on NGTs Lead Us?

Finja Bohle, Robin Schneider, Juliane Mundorf, Luise Zühl, Samson Simon, Margret Engelhard

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: NGT; GMO; EC Proposal; Regulation; Environmental Impact; CRISPR-Cas; Environmental Risk Assessment; ERA

Online: 30 November 2023 (05:28:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0110.v1

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Far-red Fluorescent Reporter for Tracking Stem Cells In Vivo

Jing Zhou , Jack Sharkey, Rajeev Shukla, Antonius Plagge, Patricia Murray

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Fluorescent reporter; E2-Crimson; mouse embryonic stem cells; knock-in; in vivo imaging

Online: 16 November 2017 (17:46:53 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0329.v1

The Applications of Promoter-Gene Engineered Bio-Sensors

Yingzhu Feng, Zhangzhang Xie, Xuanlong Jiang, Zhen Li, Yuping Shen, Bochu Wang, Jianzhong Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: bio-sensor; promoter; sensitivity; specificity; high-throughput screening (HTS); genetic promoter chip; “push and pull” mode; toxicity

Online: 18 July 2018 (10:22:39 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0239.v1

Opening the Black Box: Interpretable Machine Learning for Geneticists

Christina B. Azodi, Jiliang Tang, Shin-Han Shiu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: interpretable machine learning; deep learning; predictive biology

Online: 17 February 2020 (04:12:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0637.v1

Breaking Bad Proteins – Discovery Approaches and the Road to Clinic for Degraders

Corentin Bouvier, Rachel Lawrence, Francesca Cavallo, Wendy Xolalpa, Allan Jordan, Roland Hjerpe, Manuel S Rodriguez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: TPD; PROTAC; molecular glue degrader; heterobifunctional degrader; Ubiquitin; proteasome; targeted protein degradation

Online: 12 February 2024 (07:43:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201803.0213.v1

Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis and Identification of Key Players in nor-NOHA and NOHA Mediated Pathways for Treatment of Cancer through Arginase Inhibition: Insights from Systems Biology

Ishtiaque Ahammad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: arginase; nor-NOHA; NOHA; cancer

Online: 26 March 2018 (10:00:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0319.v1

Impact of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Enhancement of Gymnemic Acid and Phenolic Compounds Using Cell Suspension Culture of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br

Ill-Min Chung, Muthu Thiruvengadam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Gymnema sylvestre; cell suspension cultures; copper oxide nanoparticles; gymnemic acid; phenolic compounds; pharmacological activity

Online: 28 April 2019 (12:09:11 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0374.v1

Accelerated Bioprocess Development of Endopolygalacturonase-Production with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Multivariate Prediction in a 48 Mini-Bioreactor Automated Platform

Annina Sawatzki, Sebastian Hans, Harini Narayanan, Benjamin Haby, Niels Krausch, Michael Sokolov, Peter Neubauer, Florian Glauche, Mariano Nicolas Cruz Bournazou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: mini-bioreactors; parallelization; automation; digitalization; multivariate analysis; dynamic processes

Online: 17 October 2018 (06:19:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0204.v2

Recent Advances in Applications of Acidophilic Fungal Microbes for Bio-Chemicals

Rehman Javaid, Aqsa Sabir, Nadeem Sheikh, Muhammad Ferhan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: lignocellulosic biomass; laccases; peroxidases; green biochemical; acidophilic microbes

Online: 15 June 2018 (05:51:17 CEST)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0206.v1

Proteomic Profiling of Protease-Primed Virus-Permissive Caco-2 Cells Display Abortive-Interferon Pathway and Deregulated Thromboinflammatory SERPINS

Maryada Sharma, Naresh K. Panda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: serine protease; interferon; ribonucleoproteins; RNA binding proteins; SERPIN; A1AT; hemostasis rebalancing

Online: 17 June 2020 (03:20:54 CEST)

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Emerging paradigms in interferon (IFN) biology suggest a dynamic INF induced interactome that extends through broader Interferon Stimulated Gene (ISG)- induction, which implicates interferon- ISG coordinated cross-talk with mRNA processing, post-translational modification and metabolic processes that underlie pathological (viral, autoimmune and tumor biology) and physiological (stem cell regenerative pathways) processes. INF immune responses can also be triggered by endogenous host-derived molecules that are generated in response to cellular stress or hemostasis imbalance to establish tissue repair and regeneration in first place, however, overactivation or lack of countermeasures can result in host tissue damage. The proteases are integral to viral and tumor pathology, and importantly serine proteases TMPRSS2 and trypsin have been identified as important molecular determinants underlying COVID-19 pathology, and emergence of coronaviruses cultured in vitro, respectively. We propose that pathogen associated proteases can act as novel stress-inducers to facilitate viral- competent immunomodulation. We term it as Protease Induced Transcriptomic/ epi-Transcriptomic Reshaping (PITTR) of host cells to counter cellular stress. We present a novel experimental model and our preliminary findings of trypsin- primed Caco-2 cells (CPT) that result in translational halt comparable to cells grown under serum-starvation conditions (CSS). CPT at escalating trypsin concentration (CPT- EC) induce upregulation of selective proteins that majorly map to ribosomal, RNA transport, and spliceosome ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). The inclusion of proinflammatory IL1-b to CPT (CPT- IL) resulted in global overexpression of proteins comparable to Caco-2 cells cultured in growth-factor rich serum conditions (CFBS), indicating a likely de-repression of trypsin- induced translational halt. Caco-2 cells display abortive interferon proteome under differential trypsin conditions (CPT, CPT-EC and CPT-IL), which is marked by complete lack of INF generation despite induction of intermediate ISGs, suggestive of protease (trypsin)- dependent regulation of INF response. Viruses regulate the proteome of stress granules (SGs) that are induced to cope transient translational halt as a central adaptive response to pathogen induced cellular stress. The integral components of SGs include non-translating mRNA, ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which together form biological condensates through a biophysical process involving weak electrostatic interactions through intrinsically disordered regions in RBPs resulting in liquid- liquid phase separation. We compared the CPT- EC proteome to the Mammalian Stress Granules Proteome (MSGP) database to explore potential RBPs that could possibly regulate INF response (and could act as potential anti-viral targets). Notably, differentially upregulated RNPs and potential RBPs from ISG family including ADAR and PRKRA, and RNA helicases implicated in viral pathogenesis were found to be upregulated in the CPT- EC proteome further strengthening the role of proteases (trypsin) in regulating INF pathways independent of the pathogen. We propose that the supplementation of viable SARS-CoV-2 viral loads to trypsin- primed host cells could recapitulate an infectious disease model, which may closely phenocopy pathogen- driven inflammation and signaling events. Based on the global downregulation of seven SERPINS (serine protease inhibitors) linked to thromboinflammation in our LCMS profiling data, we support the candidature of serine protease inhibitors for protease mediated viral pathologies. COVID-19 is increasingly linked to coagulopathy and resemblance to Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) related thromboinflammatory features; SERPIN A1AT (alpha 1 antitrypsin) being a potent neutrophil- elastase inhibitor and a negative regulator of coagulation complement pathway may be a promising candidate for establishing hemostasis rebalancing in COVID-19 pathology.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0086.v1

Molecular Pharming to Support Human Life on the Moon, Mars, and Beyond

Matthew J. McNulty, Yongao Xiong, Kevin Yates, Kalimuthu Karuppanan, Jacob M. Hilzinger, Aaron J. Berliner, Jesse Delzio, Adam P. Arkin, Nancy E. Lane, Somen Nandi, Karen A. McDonald

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: life support for space; plant molecular pharming

Online: 4 September 2020 (07:31:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0251.v1

Recombinant DNA in Fermentation Products is of No Regulatory Relevance

Alexandra Lensch, Elke Duwenig, Hans-Georg Dederer, Sirpa Kärenlampi, René Custers, Agnes Borg, Markus Wyss

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Recombinant DNA; scope of legislation; regulatory compliance; analytical capabilities; safety; global harmonization

Online: 19 May 2022 (04:55:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0066.v1

Age Adaptive Social Distancing: A Nonlinear Engineering Strategy to Contrast COVID-19 via Precision and Personalized Mitigation

Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: mitigation strategy; COVID-19; epidemics; health policy; public and global health; demographics; social distancing

Online: 6 April 2020 (15:20:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0183.v1

Green Energy Potential from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia

Ahmad Aiman Zulkifli, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Latifah Abd Manaf, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan, Hidayah Ariffin, Yoshihito Shirai, Mohd Ali Hassan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Anaerobic digestion; biogas; green energy; municipal solid waste; organic waste

Online: 15 May 2019 (10:33:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201801.0095.v1

Examining the Causal Link between and Air Pollution, Tuberculosis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Purva Bhatter, Nerges Mistry

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Tuberculosis; Type 2; diabetes mellitus PM2.5; air pollution; inflammation

Online: 11 January 2018 (01:45:36 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0072.v1

Tissue Cultured Regeneration and Ecological Values in Major Bamboo Species

Avinash Sharma, Chowlani Manpoong, Anweshy Gohain, Gompi Padu, Hage Aku

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: bamboo; tissue culture; growth regulators; hardening; carbon sequestration; climate

Online: 6 June 2022 (08:51:25 CEST)

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Preprint TECHNICAL NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0211.v1

A Novel Technique to Prevent the Sinus Membrane Collapse for Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation without Bone Graft: Technical Note

Antonio Scarano, Francesco Carinci, Felice lorusso, Francesco Inchingolo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: bone graft, resorbable barrier, sinus lift, heterologous cortical lamina

Online: 16 April 2018 (13:53:55 CEST)

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Biology and Life Sciences