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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0097.v1

Hematological and Physiological Responses under Repeated Acute Hypoxia in Rainbow Trout (Onchorynchus mykiss)

Nuria Ruiz, Irene García-Meilán, Ali Reza Khansari, Mariana Teles, Josep Pastor, Lluis Tort

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: repeated stress; hematology; fish; rainbow trout; hypoxia; dissolved oxygen concentration; RDW; cortisol

Online: 1 June 2023 (13:40:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.0083.v1

Integrated Approach to Evaluate the Cosmetic Efficacy of Brown Alga Padina boergesenii: From Phytochemical Profiling to Bioactivity Assessment

Haresh S. Kalasariya, Leonel Pereira, Nikunj B. Patel

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Padina boergesenii; Marine macroalgae; Cosmetics; HRLCMS-QTOF; GCMS; FTIR

Online: 1 June 2023 (11:50:52 CEST)

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The cosmetic industry recognizes the importance of natural sources for functional active constit-uents in meeting consumer expectations for safer and more sustainable beauty care products. Ma-rine macroalgae have emerged as promising resources, offering diverse bioactive constituents with potential applications in cosmetics. In this study, we investigated the biochemical profile of Padina boergesenii, a marine macroalga, using various methods to assess its potential as a cosmetic ingre-dient. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of distinct bioactive functional groups associated with numerous skin-beneficial compounds. Furthermore, the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of P. boergesenii were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrom-etry (GC-MS) analysis, which identified a total of six and fifteen significant phytocompounds, re-spectively. Additionally, a comprehensive phytochemical profiling of P. boergesenii was performed using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (HRLCMS-Q-TOF), highlighting the presence of various terpenoids, alkaloids, peptides, fatty acids, derivatives, and coumarins with potential cosmetic applications. To further assess its potential as a cosmetic ingredient, P. boergesenii was subjected to several additional estimations. Pigment estima-tion revealed the presence of specific pigments, while the determination of total phenol content and total protein content highlighted the richness of these bioactive components. The antioxidant analysis using the DPPH method demonstrated the antioxidant potential of P. boergesenii extracts, suggesting their ability to combat oxidative stress-related skin damage. Moreover, the tyrosinase inhibition assay indicated the inhibitory effect of P. boergesenii extracts on tyrosinase activity, which is relevant for addressing hyperpigmentation concerns. Furthermore, the elemental composition of P. boergesenii was evaluated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), revealing that silicon (Si) exhibited the highest concentration among the measured elements, while copper (Cu) displayed the lowest concentration. Additionally, HRLCMS-Q-TOF analysis was employed to quantify 21 amino acids, with aspartic acid exhibiting the highest con-centration (2034.99 nmol/mL), and tyrosine demonstrating the lowest concentration (233.26 nmol/mL). The accuracy of all the measured elements and amino acids was deemed acceptable. Taken together, the findings of this study highlight the potential of P. boergesenii as an effective ingredient for enhancing skin health. The incorporation of seaweed-based bioactive components, such as P. boergesenii, into cosmetic products is increasingly common due to their beneficial effects on the skin. Further exploration of the potential applications of P. boergesenii in the cosmetics in-dustry is warranted to harness its valuable bioactive properties.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.2033.v1

Impact of Climate Change on Salmonid Smolt Ecology

Teppo Vehanen, Tapio Sutela, Ari Huusko

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Climate change; salmonids; Salmo; rivers; freshwater; migration

Online: 30 May 2023 (04:05:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1977.v1

The Discovery of Potentially Toxigenic Gloeotrichia CF. natans (Cyanobacteria) in the Continuous Permafrost Zone of Buotama River, Lena Pillars Nature Park in Yakutia, Was Made through the Observation of Epilithic Macrocolonies

Viktor Gabyshev, Denis Davydov, Anna Vilnet, Sergeу Sidelev, Ekaterina Chernova, Sophia Barinova, Olga Gabysheva, Zoya Zhakovskaya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: benthic; macrocolonies; cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia; Nostocales; cryolithozone; Yakutia

Online: 29 May 2023 (08:58:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1932.v1

Diversity of Diatom Algae in the Lena Delta Nature Reserve and the Adjacent Territory in the Specific Ecological Factors of the Arctic

Sophia Barinova, Viktor Gabyshev, Sergey Genkal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: diatoms; diversity; ecology; floristic; comparative floristics; climate; Red List; threatened species; bioindicators; statistical mapping

Online: 26 May 2023 (11:46:54 CEST)

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For the water bodies of the Lena Delta Nature Reserve, 413 taxa were known. In 14 small tundra reservoirs in its vicinity, we identified 385 taxa, which in the compilatory list made up a significant diversity (666 taxa including definitions to the genus level) of diatoms. Thus, the species composition of diatoms in the reserve and adjacent territories was replenished by 278 species. The predominance of species of the genera Pinnularia (57) and Eunotia (51) at the family and generic levels was revealed. Index of intraspecific variability Ssp./Sp. for the lakes of the reserve was 1.11, and for the lakes of the Tiksi region 1.14, which is typical for high-latitude and high-mountain communities. The number of rare or endangered species varied in different lakes within 1-10, totaling 42 species for the entire study area. Bioindication has shown that potentially threatened species prefer moderate temperatures, slightly acidic or neutral environments free from organic pollution. A comparative analysis of the species composition of diatoms in the vicinity of the Lena Delta and other northern water bodies of Yakutia and the Arctic Islands showed that the species composition of each lake in the Arctic is strictly individual. The indicator characteristics show a certain response of the species composition of diatoms to changes in salinity, pH, and organic pollution. A number of regularities in the spatial distribution of diatoms in the study area were found in connection with the physicochemical parameters of their habitat, height above sea level, and relation to a particular catchment basin. Statistical mapping of indicators of community and habitat diversity revealed a strong reaction to point one-time pollution and made it possible to assume the influence of summer northeast winds on the species composition. We suggest that the high diversity inherent in the diatom lakes of the Tiksi coastal zone, which can even be replenished in further studies, can be considered as a property of coastal biota inherent in ecotones. Since it is in the coastal Tiksi region that a surge in the number of species is observed, this region can be considered not only an ecotone, but also a hotspot of diatom diversity. The results of the study are important for developing the basis for monitoring biodiversity under the conditions of anthropogenic and climatic changes in the Arctic.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1757.v1

The Historical Trends and Recent Collapse of European Eel, Anguilla anguilla Fishery in the Neretva Estuary (Eastern Adriatic, Croatia)

Branko Glamuzina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: European eel; Croatia; historical and recent catch; Neretva Estuary

Online: 25 May 2023 (07:46:10 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1604.v1

Protein Fishmeal Replacement in Aquaculture: A Systematic Review and Implications on Growth and Adoption Viability in the Philippines

Edison D. Macusi, Melanie A. Cayacay, Elaine Q. Borazon, Anthony C. Sales, Ahasan Habib, Nur Fadli, Mudjekeewis D. Santos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Aquaculture; blood meal; feather meal; feeds; milkfish; tilapia

Online: 23 May 2023 (07:48:09 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1560.v1

“Omics” Techniques Used in Marine Biofouling Studies

Sergey Dobretsov, Daniel Rittschof

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: fouling; antifouling; metagenomic; metabolomic; transcriptomic; proteomic

Online: 23 May 2023 (04:21:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1089.v1

Lionfish Diet Composition in Three Study Sites in the Aegean Sea (Southern Crete, and Kastellorizo and Nysiros Islands): An Invasive Generalist?

Ioannis E. Batjakas, Athanasios Evangelopoulos, Maria Giannou, Sofia Pappou, Eleytheria Pappanikola, Maria Atsikvasi, Dimitrios Poursanidis, Chrysoula Gubili

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Pterois miles; lionfish; diet; Gobiidae; Scorpaenidae; Scyllaridae; invasive species; Aegean Sea

Online: 16 May 2023 (05:04:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1049.v1

Relationship Between Liver Histology and High Temperature on the Recovery Following Hepatectomy and Laparotomy in Sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus

Gyoungsik Kang, Won-Sik Woo, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Hee Jeong Kong, Young-Ok Kim, Dong-Gyun Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Eun Soo Noh, Chan-Il Park

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Hepatectomy; laparotomy; sturgeon; fish surgery; sturgeon histology; fish suturing

Online: 15 May 2023 (13:58:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0553.v1

Analysis of Volatile Compounds and Flavor Fingerprint Using Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC–IMS) on Crassostrea gigas With Different Ploidy and Gender

Jingjing Fu, YouMei Sun, Mingxian Cui, Enshuo Zhang, Luyao Dong, Yanchun Wang, Weijun Wang, Zan Li, Jianmin Yang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Crassostrea gigas; Gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS); Ploidy; Volatile; Flavor

Online: 9 May 2023 (03:48:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0288.v1

The Dynamics of Gene Expression Unraveling the Immune Response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Infected by Aeromonas veronii

Xin Peng, Xuan Lan, Zhenxiao Zhong, Haihui Tu, Xinyi Yao, Qiongying Tang, Zhenglong Xia, Guoliang Yang, Shaokui Yi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Transcriptome; Differentially expressed genes; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Aeromonas veronii

Online: 5 May 2023 (03:43:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0215.v1

Cumulative Negative Impacts of Invasive Alien Species on Ma-Rine Ecosystems of the Aegean Sea

Konstantinos Tsirintanis, Maria Sini, Michail Ragkousis, Argyro Zenetos, Stelios Katsanevakis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Invasive species; alien; cryptogenic; impacts; CIMPAL; biodiversity; mapping; Aegean; management

Online: 4 May 2023 (07:41:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1215.v1

Dietary Supplementation of a Mixture of Nucleotides, β-Glucan and Vitamins C and E Improved the Growth and Health Performance of Olive Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

Nalin Medagoda, Rutchanee Chotikachinda, Mirasha Hasanthi, Kyeong-Jun Lee

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Nucleotides; Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived β-glucan; Vitamins C and E; Innate-immunity; Olive flounder

Online: 29 April 2023 (05:30:03 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0794.v1

Two Independently Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Hemocytes Provide New Insights into Understanding the Disease-Resistant Characteristics of Shrimp against Vibrio Infection

Shihao Li, Keke Zhang, Wenran Du, Fuhua Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: penaeid shrimp; hemocyte; disease-resistant; Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Online: 23 April 2023 (08:27:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.0547.v1

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Difference of Gene Expression in Muscle of the Brown-Marbled Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) With Different Growth Rates

Tong Wang, Yang Yang, Shirui Gong, Xi Wu, Leilei Zeng, Yuhao Tao, Chaoyue Zhong, Leling Song, Xiaochun Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Brown-marbled grouper; muscle; growth; RNA-seq

Online: 19 April 2023 (05:19:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202303.0261.v1

The Effect of pH Value on Fertilized Eggs, Larva Fish and Juvenile Fish of Takifugu obscurus

Xianghui Kong, Feng He, Haoshuai Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Takifugu obscurus; pH; Fertilized egg; Larva fish; Juvenile fish; Saline–alkaline land

Online: 14 March 2023 (14:18:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0355.v1

Fishers’ Communication as Critical Factor for Catch and Tuna Traceability Implementation among Small-Scale Fishers in Davao Gulf, Philippines

Edison D. Macusi, Miko Mariz C. Castro, Ivy M. Nallos, Christine P. Peralez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Davao Gulf; fisheries management; small-scale fisheries; tuna fisheries; traceability

Online: 19 January 2023 (09:49:02 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0284.v1

The Italian Alpine and Subalpine Trouts. Taxonomy, Evolution, and Conservation

Gianluca Polgar, Mattia Iaia, Tommaso Righi, Pietro Volta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Recreational fisheries fishery management; introgressive hybridization; stocking; non-native species; allochthonous species; trout fishing; trout taxonomy

Online: 23 February 2022 (03:09:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0302.v1

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of China’s Fishery Industry Development Quality: A Perspective From Development Economics

Yongzhe Yan, Junhao Chen, Peng Tian, Jialin Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Development economics; China’s fishery industry; development quality; spatio-temporal differentiation; panel data

Online: 20 January 2022 (11:14:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0273.v1

What Makes Small-Scale Fishers Resilient? Lessons from the Coping Strategies under COVID-19 Outbreak Observed in Trang Province, Thailand

Yuki Arai, Maneewan Sanlee, Misato Uehara, Shimpei Iwasaki

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: small-scale fishers; resilience; Adaptive Cycle Model; Sustainable Livelihood Framework; COVID-19; coping strategy; alternative livelihood; Trang Province; Thailand

Online: 19 January 2022 (14:20:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0387.v1

Decapods Associated with the Southern King Crab (Lithodes santolla) Fishery in Central Patagonia (44º S, Chile).

Guillermo Figueroa-Muñoz, Carlos Molinet, Manuel Diaz, Patricio De los Rios-Escalante

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Lithodes santolla; fisheries; Decapoda; bathymetric pattern; Patagonia

Online: 26 October 2021 (13:41:51 CEST)

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The Southern king crab, Lithodes santolla, is an important fishery resource in the inner seas of Chilean Patagonia. The fishing gear used to catch Southern king crab (bait trap) and its operation at different depths over several months provide the opportunity to gather information about relative abundance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the information collected from the catches of Southern king crab and its associated fauna in the Magdalena Fjord to study the biodiversity and ecology of scavenging decapod crustaceans. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the bathymetric patterns of abundance by species, to model the abundance by season (winter and spring) and to determine the structuring pattern of scavenging decapods assemblage. Samples were collected between June and November 2019 by deploying traps in four bathymetric strata: 1 = 0–50 m; 2 = 51–100 m; 3 =101–150 m; 4 = 151–200 m. We registered a total of 673 decapod specimens associated with the Southern king crab fishery, representing five species: Lithodes santolla (n = 96), Libidoclaea smithii (n = 10), Metacarcinus edwardsii (n = 58), Munida gregaria (n = 507) and Peltarion spinulosum (n = 2). The abundance of decapod species varied by month and bathymetric strata. We found bathymetric patterns for L. santolla abundance, M. gregaria, M. edwardsii, and total species abundance. The most informative model to explain scavenging decapod abundance by GLM included species and season. The null model of species co-occurrence analysis revealed that all species associations during the sampled months were random. Our study is the first that provides evidence about patterns of bathymetrical and temporal variation of scavenging decapod abundance and expands the body of knowledge regarding the biodiversity of scavenger decapods in the Magdalena Sound, which currently is affected by multiple stressors such as climate change and anthropic activities (aquaculture and fisheries).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0051.v1

Longman’s Beaked Whale Indopacetus pacificus and Mesoplodon spp. Entanglements Off Pakistan: Are Pelagic Gillnet Fisheries a Potential Threat?

Muhammad Shoaib Kiani, Rab Nawaz, Muhammad Moazzam, Bushra Shafiq, Koen Van Waerebeek

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Longman’s beaked whale; Indopacetus pacificus; Mesoplodon spp.; tuna gillnet fishery; bycatch; citizen science; Arabian Sea

Online: 4 October 2021 (11:40:47 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0145.v4

Shark Conservation – Analysis and Synthesis

Ila France Porcher, Brian W Darvell

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Biodiversity Conservation, Sharks, Sustainable Shark Fishing, Fisheries, Shark Fin Trade

Online: 15 September 2021 (10:54:13 CEST)

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A detailed analysis of fishing records has shown that the shark species accessible to global fisheries have been systematically depleted for decades. They were already fished to about 10 percent of their former levels by 2003. Now one species after another is being listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as their numbers drop towards extinction. Shark depletion has not been well documented and a large proportion of shark mortality has been bycatch, the target species being teleost fish. But with the rise in value of shark fins due to the shark fin trade, at the same time as teleost fish stocks have become severely overfished, sharks, along with tuna, have become the most valuable catches. Fishing on the high seas is scarcely profitable, and so is heavily supported by subsidies. But the shark fin trade, in which organized crime is heavily involved, is driven by enormous profits and provides a powerful demand for the fins of all sharks. Thus it is now being supplied by fisheries around the world. There is no interest in sustainability in consumer countries, and neither the will nor the resources to manage the trade exist. Although some shark fisheries might have been managed sustainably in some regions for certain species for meat, such fisheries are increasingly dependent on the shark fin trade.. The rising global demand for shark fins, coupled with the increasing depletion of the animals supplying that demand, makes commercial fishing for sharks unsustainable. Given their high ecological value across the aquatic ecosystems they inhabit, it is important that they receive more effective measures of protection going far beyond the currently existing ones. In particular, protection of all sharks, manta rays, devil rays and rhino rays through an Appendix I CITES listing should be effected immediately due to the scale of the global take of the shark fin trade and the state of shark depletion amply documented in the literature.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0476.v1

Spoiled for Choice during Cold Season? Habitat Use and Potential Impacts of the Invasive Silurus glanis L. in a Deep, Large and Oligotrophic Lake (Lake Maggiore, North Italy)

Vanessa De Santis, Pietro Volta

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Trophic ecology; ecological plasticity; European catfish; pelagic habitat; littoral habitat; commercial fishermen; stomach content analyses; commercial harvest

Online: 24 August 2021 (16:14:00 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0549.v1

Fisheries in the Context of Attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh: COVID-19 Impacts and Future Prospects

Atiqur Rahman Sunny, Shamsul Haque Prodhan, Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Mahmudul Hasan Mithun, Monayem Hussain, Md Tariqul Alam, Aminur Rashid, Mohammad Mosarof Hossain

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Fisheries; Aquaculture; Food security; SDGs; COVID-19; Bangladesh

Online: 20 April 2021 (14:12:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0145.v3

Shark Conservation – Analysis and Synthesis

Ila France Porcher, Brian W Darvell, Iris Ziegler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Biodiversity Conservation, Sharks, Sustainable Shark Fishing, Fisheries, Shark Fin Trade

Online: 18 March 2021 (16:37:54 CET)

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A detailed analysis of fishing records has shown that the shark species accessible to global fisheries have been systematically depleted for decades. They were already fished to about 10 percent of their former levels by 2003. Now one species after another is being listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as their numbers drop towards extinction. Shark depletion has not been well documented and a large proportion of shark mortality has been bycatch, the target species being teleost fish. But with the rise in value of shark fins due to the shark fin trade, at the same time as teleost fish stocks have become severely overfished, sharks, along with tuna, have become the most valuable catches. Fishing on the high seas is scarcely profitable, and so is heavily supported by subsidies. But the shark fin trade, in which organized crime is heavily involved, is driven by enormous profits and provides a powerful demand for the fins of all sharks. Thus it is now being supplied by fisheries around the world. There is no interest in sustainability in consumer countries, and neither the will nor the resources to manage the trade exist. Although some shark fisheries might have been managed sustainably in some regions for certain species for meat, such fisheries are increasingly dependent on the shark fin trade.. The rising global demand for shark fins, coupled with the increasing depletion of the animals supplying that demand, makes commercial fishing for sharks unsustainable. Given their high ecological value across the aquatic ecosystems they inhabit, it is important that they receive more effective measures of protection going far beyond the currently existing ones. In particular, protection of all sharks, manta rays, devil rays and rhino rays through an Appendix I CITES listing should be effected immediately due to the scale of the global take of the shark fin trade and the state of shark depletion amply documented in the literature.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0321.v1

Impact of Climate Change and Ongoing Adaptation Measures in the Bangladesh Sundarbans

Suprakash Chakma, Anup Kumar Paul, Md. Arifur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan Mithun, Atiqur Rahman Sunny

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Sundarbans; Fisheries; Natural disasters; Occupational changes; Climate change

Online: 16 February 2021 (13:20:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0145.v2

Shark Conservation – Analysis and Synthesis

Ila France Porcher, Brian W Darvell, Iris Ziegler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Biodiversity Conservation, Sharks, Sustainable Shark Fishing, Fisheries, Shark Fin Trade

Online: 11 February 2021 (17:02:51 CET)

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A detailed analysis of fishing records has shown that the shark species accessible to global fisheries have been systematically depleted for decades. They were already fished to about 10 percent of their former levels by 2003. Now one species after another is being listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as their numbers drop towards extinction. Shark depletion has not been well documented and a large proportion of shark mortality has been bycatch, the target species being teleost fish. But with the rise in value of shark fins due to the shark fin trade, at the same time as teleost fish stocks have become severely overfished, sharks, along with tuna, have become the most valuable catches. Fishing on the high seas is scarcely profitable, and so is heavily supported by subsidies. But the shark fin trade, in which organized crime is heavily involved, is driven by enormous profits and provides a powerful demand for the fins of all sharks. Thus it is now being supplied by fisheries around the world. There is no interest in sustainability in consumer countries, and neither the will nor the resources to manage the trade exist. Although some shark fisheries might have been managed sustainably in some regions for certain species for meat, such fisheries are increasingly dependent on the shark fin trade.. The rising global demand for shark fins, coupled with the increasing depletion of the animals supplying that demand, makes commercial fishing for sharks unsustainable. Given their high ecological value across the aquatic ecosystems they inhabit, it is important that they receive more effective measures of protection going far beyond the currently existing ones. In particular, protection of all sharks, manta rays, devil rays and rhino rays through an Appendix I CITES listing should be effected immediately due to the scale of the global take of the shark fin trade and the state of shark depletion amply documented in the literature.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0145.v1

Shark Conservation – Analysis and Synthesis

Ila France Porcher, Brian W Darvell, Iris Ziegler

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Biodiversity Conservation, Sharks, Sustainable Shark Fishing, Fisheries, Shark Fin Trade

Online: 4 February 2021 (15:50:54 CET)

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A detailed analysis of fishing records has shown that the shark species accessible to global fisheries have been systematically depleted for decades. They were already fished to about 10 percent of their former levels by 2003. Now one species after another is being listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as their numbers drop towards extinction. Shark depletion has not been well documented and a large proportion of shark mortality has been bycatch, the target species being teleost fish. But with the rise in value of shark fins due to the shark fin trade, at the same time as teleost fish stocks have become severely overfished, sharks, along with tuna, have become the most valuable catches. Fishing on the high seas is scarcely profitable, and so is heavily supported by subsidies. But the shark fin trade, in which organized crime is heavily involved, is driven by enormous profits and provides a powerful demand for the fins of all sharks. Thus it is now being supplied by fisheries around the world. There is no interest in sustainability in consumer countries, and neither the will nor the resources to manage the trade exist. Although some shark fisheries might have been managed sustainably in some regions for certain species for meat, such fisheries are increasingly dependent on the shark fin trade.. The rising global demand for shark fins, coupled with the increasing depletion of the animals supplying that demand, makes commercial fishing for sharks unsustainable. Given their high ecological value across the aquatic ecosystems they inhabit, it is important that they receive more effective measures of protection going far beyond the currently existing ones. In particular, protection of all sharks, manta rays, devil rays and rhino rays through an Appendix I CITES listing should be effected immediately due to the scale of the global take of the shark fin trade and the state of shark depletion amply documented in the literature.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0757.v1

Remote Sensing of Ocean Fronts in Marine Ecology and Fisheries

Igor Belkin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Ocean front; Marine ecology; Fisheries; Front detection; Satellite imagery; Feature-based approach

Online: 30 December 2020 (14:53:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0014.v1

Incorporating Sea Surface Temperature into Bioeconomic Fishery Models: An Examination of Western and Central Pacific Tuna Fisheries

Zachary Porreca

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: fishery; bioeconomic; sustainability; tuna; management

Online: 2 November 2020 (10:09:47 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0078.v1

Operationalizing Ensemble Models for Scientific Advice to Fisheries Management

Ernesto Jardim, Manuela Azevedo, Jon Brodziak, Elizabeth N. Brooks, Kelli F. Johnson, Nikolai Klibansky, Colin P. Millar, Coilin Minto, Iago Mosqueira, Richard D.M. Nash, Paris Vasilakopoulos, Brian K. Wells

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: assessment, conservation, exploitation, management, multimodel, natural resources, ensemble, model, fisheries

Online: 4 August 2020 (04:58:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0303.v1

Understanding Livelihood Characteristics and Vulnerabilities of Small-scale Fishers in Coastal Bangladesh

Atiqur Rahman Sunny

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Livelihoods; Sustainability; Vulnerability; Small-scale Fishers; Bangladesh

Online: 24 June 2020 (14:34:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0143.v1

Assessing Impacts of COVID-19 on Aquatic Food System and Small-Scale Fisheries in Bangladesh

Atiqur Rahman Sunny, Sharif Ahmed Sazzad, Gopal Chandra Datta, Ashoke Kumar Sarker, Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Shamsul H. Prodhan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: COVID-19; Corona virus; Aquatic food system; Food security; Small-scale fisheries; Bangladesh

Online: 12 June 2020 (08:25:09 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0287.v1

The Impacts of COVID-19 to Small Scale Fisheries in Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah, Malaysia; What Do We Know So Far?

Joannie Jomitol, Adam J. Payne, Sarmalin Sakirun, Mohd. Omar Bural

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: COVID-19; small scale fisheries; artisarnal fishers; coastal communities; marine protected area; Malaysia; fisheries; impacts

Online: 17 May 2020 (08:46:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0108.v1

Comparison of Catch Efficiency between the Use of Circle and Tuna Hooks in Taiwan’s Tuna Longline Fishery in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Chao-ching Chen, Hsin-Zong Lin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Taiwan tuna longline fishery; circle hook; tuna hook; catch rate; survival rate

Online: 6 March 2020 (08:57:07 CET)

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Taiwan is the world’s leading country regarding tuna longline fisheries; the combined catches with those from Japan account for more than half of the global total. However, the bycatch of sea turtles, seabirds, and dolphins in longline fisheries has attracted international concern. Regarding sea turtle conservation, the use of circle hooks in longline fisheries will inevitably become a trend. Meanwhile, Taiwanese fishermen are concerned whether the use of circle hooks will have a negative impact on the catch efficiency of target species. This study was conducted to compare the catch efficiency of circle and tuna hooks by the Taiwanese commercial tuna longline fishing vessels in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The results indicated that if the effects of immersion time were considered, the catch rates of all groups were the same between 4.2-sun circle and tuna hooks. However, the catch rate of 4.0-sun circle hooks was significantly higher than the two types of 4.2-sun circle and tuna hooks. Regarding survival rates, fish caught with circle hooks showed higher survival rates than tuna hooks for total commercial fish, tunas and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). However, the survival rate was only determined at haulback; the relationship between survival rate and immersion time still needs further investigation. Regarding catch sizes, there were no significant differences in the sizes of bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna between circle and tuna hooks. But based solely on mean weight, the value of yellowfin tuna caught using circle hooks may be higher than those using tuna hooks. In summary, the circle hooks used in this study did not show a negative impact on the catch efficiency of Taiwanese longline fisheries, and could show a superior performance than that of tuna hooks. These results could be actively promoted in the industry through the education and training of fishermen; thus enabling Taiwan to comply with international sea turtle conservation trends.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0357.v1

Invasive Alien Species of Bangladesh

Sharif A. Mukul, Khan Mohammed Abu Sayed Arfin, Mohammad Belal Uddin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: biodiversity loss; climate change; ecosystems; exotic species; agriculture; forestry; fisheries

Online: 25 February 2020 (05:06:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0306.v1

Concurrent Collapses of Demersal Fish and Sea Trout (Salmo trutta) on Scotland’s West Coast following the Removal of the “Three-Mile Fishing Limit”

Martin Jaffa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: fisheries; fish farming; demersal fish; sea trout; stock collapse; three-mile fishing limit

Online: 29 August 2019 (05:39:29 CEST)

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Biology and Life Sciences