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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0685.v1

Effects of Substituting Fishmeal with Soy Protein Concentrate Supplemented with Essential Amino Acids in the Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Diet on the Expression of Growth, Stress, Immune, and Digestive Enzyme-Related Genes

Sang Hyun Lee, Jong-Won Park, Minhwan Jeong, Dain Lee, Julan Kim, Hyun-Chul Kim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: fishmeal substitution; soy protein concentrate; Paralichthys olivaceus; gene expression; growth performance; feed utilization

Online: 9 September 2024 (12:08:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0533.v1

Exploring the Dual Benefits of Fermented and Non-fermented Garlic on Growth, Antioxidative Capacity, Immune Responses, and Histology in Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Mohammed F. El Basuini, Mahasen M. E. A. Shaban, Abdelaziz M. El-Hais, Ali A. Soliman, Nermeen M. Abu-Elala, Islam I. Teiba, Mayada Alhoshy, Ghada R. Sallam, Ronick S. Shadrack, Kumbukani Mzengereza, Akram Ismael Shehata

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Allium sativum; Antioxidant status; Digestive enzymes; Feed additives; Fermented garlic; Growth performance; Liza ramada

Online: 6 September 2024 (11:11:47 CEST)

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This study investigated the effects of dietary garlic powder and fermented garlic powder supplementation at 1% and 2% levels on growth performance, digestive tract efficacy, blood biochemistry, immunity, and antioxidant status of Liza ramada (n=225 fish; 86.00±0.42 g) over a 60-day period. Fish fed diets supplemented with both forms of garlic at both levels exhibited significantly improved final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Digestive enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and protease) were significantly enhanced in all supplemented groups. Blood biochemical analysis revealed reduced glucose levels and increased total protein in garlic-supplemented groups, with no adverse effects on liver or kidney function markers. Immune parameters, including lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity against Streptococcus agalactiae, alternative complement pathway (ACP), and, respiratory burst (NBT) were significantly enhanced in garlic-supplemented groups, with fermented garlic showing more pronounced effects. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GPx) were also significantly increased in all supplemented groups, particularly in those fed fermented garlic. No significant differences in survival rates were observed among treatments. The results suggest that both garlic powder and fermented garlic powder supplementation, especially at the 2% level, can effectively improve growth, feed utilization, immune function, and antioxidant status in L. ramada. Fermented garlic generally demonstrated superior effects, indicating its potential as a beneficial feed additive in aquaculture. Based on these findings, it is recommended to incorporate fermented garlic powder at a 2% level in L. ramada diets to optimize growth performance and health status. Further research is warranted to investigate the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of this supplementation strategy in commercial aquaculture settings.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0378.v1

Identification and Functional Characterization of the Fatp1 Gene from Mud Crab, Scylla paramamosain

Wenjie Zhong, Chuangsi Chen, Senyue Tan, Xianda He, Xiaobo Wen, Shuqi Wang, Douglas R. Tocher, Khor Waiho, Cuiying Chen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Scylla paramamosain; Fatp1; clone; lipid accumulation

Online: 5 September 2024 (10:53:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0150.v1

Bloodmeal, and Selected Indigenous Raw Materials as Cost-Effective Feeds for Milkfish Aquaculture

Edison D. Macusi, John Edward M. Jimenez, Ethel Kate E. Vender, Henzel P. Bong-as, Erna S. Macusi, Michael B. Andam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Banana stem; bloodmeal; circular economy; milkfish (Chanos chanos); taro (Colocasia esculenta)

Online: 3 September 2024 (10:32:25 CEST)

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This study is based on the clamor of fish farmers for a cheaper fish feed alternative to current commercial feeds. At present, 70-80% of aquaculture costs come from feed cost, keeping farmers' income below their expectation. This study aimed to find alternative feeds or supplementary feeds that can perform similarly to the existing commercial feeds thereby reducing farmer expense and cutting down their cost of production and increasing their profitability. To do that, various indigenous raw materials were selected based on an earlier study which could result in a better feed alternative. The formulations for the study included four grow-out treatments mainly: control (commercial feed), taro+control (powdered Colocasia esculenta+commercial fish feed), bloodmeal (formulated fish feed based on bloodmeal), banana stem+control (chopped banana stem+commercial fish feed). A total of 12,000 fingerlings initially weighing 16 g (TL=10 cm) individually were assigned randomly to the four treatments (3000 in each cage measuring 6 x 6 m). Week zero was used for acclimation period, and fingerlings were fed with commercial fish feed. Then the first week used the treatment diets which were adjusted based on average body weight and sampled weekly (ABW=23g; TL=11 cm). The result of the study first showed significant differences between treatments on their fourth week in terms of the diet treatments (MS=0.103, df=3, F=4.12, P=0.0076) with the control and the taro+control showing no difference in terms of weight and length (TC vs CF; P=0.4524). But during the fifth week, the bloodmeal treatment showed increased weight and length for fish sampled (MS=0.109, df=3, F=4.10, P=0.0076) and provided similar weight and length as those from the taro+control and the control (TC vs CF; P=0.3721 and BM vs CF; P=0.0587). During the succeeding weeks, there were no significant differences between feed treatments from 6th weeks onwards, whether with weight [MS=0.130, df=3, F=1.14, P=0.333] or total length of the treatments [MS=0.008, df=3, F=0.40, P=0.75]. The FCR ratio showed taro (1.81) as lowest, followed by blood meal (2.09), and control (2.24) and then banana stem (2.84). In terms of weight gain, fish from the bloodmeal treatment gained the highest (236.97 g), followed by control (223.33 g), then taro (217.67 g) and banana stem (196.99 g). As a result, we find that the tested treatments such as bloodmeal formulated feed, taro+commercial feed, and banana stem+commercial feed can serve as an alternative to purely commercial fish feeds. Cost-benefit analysis showed that a better gross profit margin of 42% and cost-benefit ratio of 1.37 was observed in taro+commercial feed diet.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0161.v1

Plastic-Degrading Enzymes from Marine Microorganisms and Their Potential Value in Recycling Technologies

Robert Ruginescu, Cristina Purcarea

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: plastics; synthetic polymers; polyethylene terephthalate; PET hydrolases; polylactic acid; PLA biodegradation; marine enzymes; cutinase; esterase; biorecycling

Online: 3 September 2024 (07:56:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1727.v1

Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Freshwater Ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora), with Description of Pseudosincirra binaria sp. nov. and Redefinition of Pseudosincirra and Perisincirra

Lijian Liao, Yue Hu, Xiaozhong Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: 18S rRNA gene; Deviatidae; infraciliature; new species; phylogenetic position

Online: 23 August 2024 (12:15:27 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1722.v1

The Threat of Foreign Tilapia Species to the Ghanaian Aquaculture Industry

Samuel Duodu, Angela N.A. Ayiku, Gifty Anane-Taabeah Attu, Kofitsyo S. Cudjoe

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Biosecurity; non-native; GIFT; aquaculture; tilapia

Online: 23 August 2024 (11:42:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1554.v1

Dietary administration effects of Microbial Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus subtilis P1 on Biological activities, Growth Performance and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Kannika Bunkaew, Auraiwan Yenraksa, Akkanee Pewhom, Suphada Kiriratnikom, Mariya Sewaka, Monthon Lertworapreecha, Wankuson Chanasit

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Prebiotics; Exopolysaccharide; Bacillus sp.; Biological activities; Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Online: 21 August 2024 (18:17:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1467.v1

Analysis of the Polyculture Model of Scapharca broughtonii and Scallop Chlamys farreri in Shallow Sea Suspension Cages

Chunnuan Zhao, Liqun Ren, Shuai Xu, Yuping Wu, Haiying Han, Bo Li, Yanxin Zheng, Yang Chen, Xiwen Wang, Shuai Cai, Tao Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Scapharca broughtonii; Chlamys farreri; polyculture

Online: 21 August 2024 (10:44:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0956.v1

Behavioral characteristics and related physiological and ecological indexes of cultured scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) in response to predation by the crab Charybdis japonica

Xian Li, Danyang Li, Ying Tian, Zhenlin Hao, Yaqing Chang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Charybdis japonica; Mizuhopecten yessoensis; dynamometer method; behavioral traits; transcriptome

Online: 13 August 2024 (13:26:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0143.v1

Impact of Starfish Predatory Pressure on the Immune and Antioxidant Functions of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Yongxin Sun, Shuo Wang, Chong Wang, Meng Wang, Wenbin Kang, Liang Qu, Jian Song, Chong Zhao, Qingzhi Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Sea cucumber; Predatory pressure; Immune defense; Antioxidant function; Physiological response

Online: 2 August 2024 (06:46:22 CEST)

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This study simulated the effects of direct predatory pressure, indirect predatory pressure, and conspecific injury signals on the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) to determine changes in the activity of immune defense enzymes (lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase) and antioxidant stress enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde). Samples of sea cucumber juveniles were collected at 3 hours, 12 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours post-predatory stress, and six enzymes related to immune defense and antioxidant stress were selected for activity assays, namely lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results indicated that under direct predatory pressure, the activity of catalase in sea cucumbers was significantly higher than that of the control group at 3 hours (P < 0.05), while the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase were significantly lower at 72 hours (P < 0.05). Under indirect predatory pressure, the activity of malondialdehyde in sea cucumbers was significantly higher than that of the control group at 12 hours (P < 0.05), the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher at 72 and 96 hours (P < 0.05), catalase was significantly lower at 72 hours, and the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher at 72 hours (P < 0.05). Under the influence of conspecific injury signals, the activity of malondialdehyde in sea cucumbers was significantly higher than that of the control group at 12 hours (P < 0.05), and the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher at 96 hours (P < 0.05). The sea cucumber enhanced its antioxidant capacity 3 hours after facing the predator, while its immune defense mechanism was suppressed at 72 hours. When facing indirect predatory pressure, the sea cucumber may have made immune and antioxidant preparations for the arrival of unknown risks. The experimental results show that predatory pressure has a significant impact on the immune and antioxidant functions of sea cucumbers, which may be related to the physiological state and environmental adaptability of the sea cucumber. This study provides a new perspective for understanding how sea cucumbers cope with predatory pressure in the natural environment and offers theoretical support for the cultivation management of sea cucumbers.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0052.v1

Effects of Fermented Herbal Extract as Phytobiotic on Growth Indices, Moulting Performance, and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabr.)

Ilham Ilham, Sucipto Sucipto, Yushinta Fujaya

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: fermented herbal extract; growth; moulting; nutrient retention; tiger shrimp

Online: 2 August 2024 (05:56:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0124.v1

Use of the Morphological Variation of Wild Populations of Guanchiche (Hoplias microlepis) as an Indicator of Fishing and Environmental Policies in the Guayas Hydrographic Basin (Ecuador)

Ana Gonzalez-Martinez, Carlos Ricardo Delgado Villafuerte, Cecilio Barba, Martin Gonzalez, Antón García Martínez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Guayas River Basin; native resources; morphological differentiation; discriminant analysis; conservation; fishing pressure

Online: 2 August 2024 (03:48:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2407.v1

DNA Methylation and Subgenome Dominance Reveal the Role of Lipid Metabolism in Jinhu Grouper Heterosis

Yang Liu, Linna Wang, Zhentong Li, Linlin Li, Shuai Chen, Pengfei Duan, Xinyi Wang, Yishu Qiu, Xiaoyu Ding, Jinzhi Su, Yuan Deng, Yongsheng Tian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Jinhu grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. tukula♂); methylome; transcriptome; allele-specific expression (ASE); growth heterosis; lipid metabolism

Online: 31 July 2024 (08:20:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2078.v1

Age, Growth, and Reproduction of the Axillary Seabream Pagellus acarne from the Portuguese Atlantic West Coast

Inês Moreira, Leonel Serrano Gordo, Ana Neves, Ana Rita Vieira, Maria Inês Silva, Carlos Assis, Joana Isabel Robalo, Sara Maria Francisco, Vera Sequeira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: small scale fishery; otolith; von Bertalanffy; histology; reproductive strategy; Portugal

Online: 26 July 2024 (09:05:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2133.v1

Comprehensive Analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii in Aquatic Environments and Fish Microbiota: Integrating Culture-Dependent, 16S Metagenomics, and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling

Irina Gheorghe-Barbu, Rares-Ionut Dragomir, Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, Marius Surleac, Iulia Adelina Dinu, Diana Madalina Gaboreanu, Ilda Czobor Barbu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: ; resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates; wastewater and surface water microbial load; surface water microbiome; pangenome analysis; Southern Romanian cities ;

Online: 26 July 2024 (05:28:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1972.v1

Investigating the Effect of Bacilli and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Water Quality, Growth, Survival, Immune Response and Intestinal Microbiota of Cultured Litopenaeus vannamei

Ana Sofía Vega-Carranza, Ruth Escamilla-Montes, Jesús Arturo Fierro-Coronado, Genaro Diarte-Plata, Cipriano García-Gutiérrez, Xianwu Guo, Antonio Luna-González

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: nitrifying bacteria; Litopenaeus vannamei; intestinal microbiota; water quality

Online: 25 July 2024 (08:49:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1856.v1

Yoga and Swimming – A Symbiotic Approach with Positive Impact on Health and Athletes’ Performance

Rocsana Bucea-Manea-Țoniș, Andreea Natalia Jureschi (Gheorghe), Luciela Vasile

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: yoga practice; social and health benefits; therapeutic approaches

Online: 24 July 2024 (16:28:38 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1808.v1

Comparative Effect of Fish Feeds on the Growth and Survival Rate of the Redbreast Tilapia (Coptodon rendalli) under Intensive Culture Conditions

Evans Kamwi Simasiku, Kudakwashe Hove, Margaret Ndatoolewe Kanyeme, Simon Kamwele Awala, Kenneth Kamwi Matengu, Titus Iipinge Iita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Aquaculture; KIFI; Brine shrimps Artemia; Egg yolk; Commercial pellets; Integrated Aquacul-ture

Online: 23 July 2024 (16:00:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1102.v1

Growth Performance and Survival of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Larvae Fed on Locally Formulated Feeds

Abelneh Yimer Melaku

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Clarias gariepinus; feed, larvae; growth performance; and survival rate

Online: 16 July 2024 (04:47:55 CEST)

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The lack of quality formulated feeds as supplements or replacements for live feeds has negatively impacted the growth performance and survival rates in the larvae of many fish species, notably African catfish (C. gariepinus). Successful larval rearing relies on the availability of suitable diets that are readily consumed, easily digested, and provide the essential nutrients necessary for optimal growth and health of the fish. This study evaluated the growth performance and survival rates of C. gariepinus larvae when fed locally formulated diets. The experiment was conducted using 12 basins, each with a capacity of 20 liters. Each basin was stocked with 60 larvae in four replicates, averaging 0.03 g in weight. The experimental diets were formulated to contain three different levels of crude protein: 40%, 45%, and 50%. The larvae were fed these diets at a rate of 10-20% of their body weight over 70 days. Initially, the larvae were fed artemia at the onset of feeding in hatchling basins immediately after yolk sac absorption for the first seven days. This was followed by a blend of artemia and formulated feeds for 14 days. After 28 days, the larvae were transitioned to be exclusively fed the formulated dry feeds. The results indicated that the larvae fed on diets containing 45% and 50% crude protein exhibited significantly better overall growth performance compared to those fed on a 40% crude protein diet. Specifically, the larvae that received the 45% and 50% crude protein diets showed higher final mean weight, increased daily weight gain, and improved survival rates, which ranged from 80% to 81.5%. Notably, there was no significant difference in growth performance and survival rates between the larvae fed on 45% and 50% crude protein diets, suggesting that a 45% crude protein-formulated diet is sufficient to achieve the best growth performance and survival rates for C. gariepinus larvae. This study supports the recommendation of feeding C. gariepinus larvae with a dry diet containing 45% crude protein starting from 14 days post-hatching to enhance their growth and survival rates. However, further research is recommended to explore the effects of this feeding regimen across different agroecological zones and aquaculture systems to validate and potentially refine these findings.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1150.v1

Nomad Fishers: A Socially Excluded and Climate Vulnerable Fishing Community in Bangladesh

Sharif Ahmed Sazzad, Mahmudul Hasan Mithun, Moniruzzaman Mr, Ayrin Ahmed, Mohammed Samiullah, Mohammad Abdul Hamid, Habib Mohammad Ali, Jahedul haque, Atiqur Rahman Sunny

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: sustainable livelihoods; vulnerability; social position; fishing; nomadic fishers

Online: 15 July 2024 (11:03:49 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0942.v1

Antioxidant System in Extremophile Marine Fish Species

Rigers Bakiu, Elisabetta Piva, Sara Pacchini, Gianfranco Santovito

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Oxidative stress; Antarctic fish; Deep sea-fish

Online: 11 July 2024 (12:29:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0872.v1

Improved Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of tlh, trh, and tdh genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aligned with the U.S. FDA’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM)

Seong Bin Park, Yan Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Improved multiplex PCR; U.S; FDA BAM; tlh; trh; tdh; Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Online: 11 July 2024 (10:22:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0720.v1

Dietary Probiotic Prototypes and Their Effects on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Gut Microbiota of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Sahar Mahmoodian, Amir Meimandipour, Monireh Faeed, Mehdi Shamsara, Javad Daghigh roohi, Seyed Safa-Ali Fatemi, Mohades Ghasemi, Mahsa Chaharmahali

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Rainbow trout; Probiotics; Growth performance; Immunity; Gut microbiota; liver enzymes; Blood parameters

Online: 9 July 2024 (08:47:24 CEST)

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This study investigated the development of novel probiotic formulations specifically designed for rainbow trout aquaculture. The project evaluated the effects of two formulations containing potential probiotic strains isolated from rainbow trout itself. These effects were assessed on various parameters including growth performance, immune response, liver enzyme activity, gene expression related to immunity, and the composition of the bacterial gut microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In a completely randomized experimental design, a total of 450 rainbow trout were randomly divided into 70-liter fiberglass tank. The study included six treatments of three replicates (n=18 tanks). Six dietary treatments were included (A) and (B) containing three strains of Pediococcus sp P15, Lactococcus lactis ml3, Weissella cibaria ml6 at two dosages (300 and 500 mg/kg), treatments (C) and (D) containing five strains of P. sp P15, L. lactis ml3, W. cibaria ml6, Enterococcus faecium E10 and Lactobacillus curvatus 13A at two dosages (300 and 500 mg/kg), a commercial probiotic (E) at 300 mg/kg, and a control group (F) without probiotics. Treatments of (A), (B) and (E) resulted in the highest final weights in compared to control group. Fish fed treatments (A) and (B) had the lowest FCR than other groups. Treatments (A) and (D) showed a significant increase in immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration compared to other groups. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was significantly lower in group (A) than the control. In contrast, the expression of interleukin 6 (IL6) and immunoglobulin T (IgT) was increased 4.4-fold and 41-fold, respectively, in group (A) compared to control group. Among the probiotic fed treatments, group (A) showed a significant higher number of lactic acid bacteria compared to other groups during the experiment. This study highlights the significant role of treatment (A) containing three strains of P. sp P15, L. lactis ml3, and W. cibaria ml6 at a dosage of 300 mg/kg as a potential probiotic product for the rainbow trout industry.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0541.v1

Evaluating Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) as a Natural or Alternative Host for Piscine Myocarditis Virus (PMCV) Infection

Ingvild B. Nyman, Øystein Wessel, Håvard Bjørgen, Marta Alarcon, Torstein Tengs, Espen Rimstad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV); Salmo salar; Totivirus

Online: 8 July 2024 (15:07:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0281.v1

Bacterial Communities Across Multiple Ecological Niches (Water, Sediment, Plastic, and Snail Gut) in Mangrove Habitats

Muna Hashil Al-Tarshi, Sergey Dobretsov, Mohammed A. Al Belushi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: plastic; mangrove; bacterial community; 16rDNA MiSeq; gut microbiota; sea of Oman

Online: 3 July 2024 (10:58:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1990.v1

Wetted Ramps Selectively Block Upstream Passage of Adult Sea Lamprey

Uli Reinhardt, Nicholas Corniuk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: sea lamprey; low-head ramped weirs; invasive species; barriers; fish passage; size effects

Online: 28 June 2024 (12:05:46 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1897.v1

Research Progress on Starfish Outbreaks and Their Prevention and Utilization

Liang Qu, Yongxin Sun, Chong Zhao, Maurice R Elphick, Qingzhi Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: starfish; Asterias amurensis; outbreak; prevention; utilization

Online: 27 June 2024 (12:09:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1037.v1

Vitamin Solutions Effects on Reproduction of Broodstock, Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Pangasius Catfish Fingerling

Chau Thi Da, Bui Thi Kim Xuyen, Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen, Van Tai Tang, Pham Thi Thu Ha, Minh Tan Pham, Håkan Berg

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Pangasius catfish; broodstock nutrition; reproduction; growth performances; fingerling; survival rates

Online: 19 June 2024 (10:57:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1207.v1

Feed Components and Timing to Improve Feed Conversion Ratio for Sustainable Aquaculture Using Starch

Hideaki Shima, Taiga Asakura, Kenji Sakata, Masahiko Koiso, Jun Kikuchi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: aquaculture; carbohydrates; data-driven approach; nuclear magnetic resonance; starch

Online: 18 June 2024 (10:17:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1187.v1

Implementation of the mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Technology in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Lars Ole Sti Dahl, Sjoerd Hak, Stine Braaen, Alicja Molska, Francesca Rodà, Jeremie Parot, Øystein Wessel, Johanna Hol Fosse, Håvard Bjørgen, Sven Even Borgos, Espen Rimstad

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: mRNA vaccination; lipid nanoparticle technology; Atlantic salmon

Online: 18 June 2024 (08:17:33 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0921.v1

Cyanobacterial Blooms Formation by Enhanced Ecological Adaptability and Competitive Advantage of Microcystis— Non-Negligible Role of Quorum-Sensing

Ziqing Zhang, Jieming Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Microcystis; Quorum sensing; Quorum quenching

Online: 13 June 2024 (12:11:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0836.v1

Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Scale Drop Disease Virus Isolated From Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)

Putita Chokmangmeepisarn, Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai, Jose A. Domingos, Ronny van Aerle, David Bass, Pochara Prukbenjakul, Saengchan Senapin, Channarong Rodkhum

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Scale loss; Metagenomics; Evolution; Mutations

Online: 12 June 2024 (17:50:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0310.v1

Antimicrobial Resistance Elements in Coastal Water Identified from Llanquihue Lake, Chile

Javier Campanini-Salinas, Catherine Opitz-Ríos, John Sagredo-Mella, Danilo Contreras S., Matías Gimenez, Paula Andrea Paez, María Clara Tarifa, Nataly D. Concha-Rubio, Daniel A. Medina

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; metagenomics; DNA mobile elements

Online: 5 June 2024 (14:13:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0263.v1

The Roles of Alpha, Beta, and Functional Diversity Indices in the Ecological Connectivity between Two Sub-Antarctic Macrobenthic Assemblages

Jara Nykol, Montiel Americo, Cáceres Benjamin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Tierra del Fuego; species richness; species abundance; taxonomic composition; feeding mode

Online: 5 June 2024 (10:34:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.2112.v1

A Novel Sampling Method for Collecting the Polyp Stage of the Invasive Freshwater Hydrozoan Craspedacusta sowerbii in Aquatic Habitats

Jonathan A. Zhu, Nadine C. Folino-Rorem

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Invasive hydrozoan; sampling; polyp; frustule

Online: 31 May 2024 (10:48:55 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1997.v1

Zoonosis and Vaccination for Fish Health Managment

Avnish Kumar, Sushil Kumar Middha, Soumya V Menon, BISWARANJAN PAITAL, Shyam Gokarn, N. Meghana, Rakshith BR, Mani Chandra Harish, Susithra Priyadarshni Mugunthan, Sanwar Mal Kantwa, Talambedu Usha, Akshaya Kumar Hati, Divyadharshini Venkatesan, Abira R, Tapas Ranjan Behera, V. Swarupa, Dipak Kumar Sahoo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Fish vaccine; aquaculture; antibiotic; fish infectious diseases; environmental safety; global market

Online: 30 May 2024 (08:14:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1406.v1

Changes in the Epilimnion Ciliate Assemblage Reflect the Reduction of the Nutrient Load of the Reservoir for Two Decades

Miroslav Macek, Jaroslav Vrba, Josef Hejzlar, Klára Řeháková, Jiří Jarošík, Michal Šorf

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: ciliate; feeding-behaviour; biomass; river-reservoir; epilimnion; waterage; nutrients; bacteria; cryptomonad

Online: 23 May 2024 (11:40:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1331.v1

Diets Supplemented with a Mixture of Fermented Cotton Meal and Fermented Rapeseed Meal Improved the Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Eriocheir sinensis

Yisong He, Jiajun Zheng, He Lv, Li Jia, Yang Xu, Yue Tan, Gengwu Gou, Changle Qi, Jinyun Ye

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: fermented cotton meal; fermented rapeseed meal; growth performance; antioxidant capacity; Chinese mitten crab

Online: 21 May 2024 (17:22:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1227.v1

Effects of Dietary Glutamate on the Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

Jiajun Zheng, Yisong He, Mengyu Shi, Li Jia, Yang Xu, Yue Tan, Changle Qi, Jinyun Ye

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Glutamate; protein level; growth performance; antioxidant capacity; Chinese mitten crab

Online: 20 May 2024 (16:05:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1239.v1

Identification and Antimicrobial Sensntivity Studies of Aeromonas Species Associated with Bacterial Septicemia of Esox lucius in Xinjiang, China

Xiaofei Yan, Yiyang Zhao, Tao Wang, Yuqi Wang, Xinyu Cao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Aeromonas; Bacterial septicemia; Esox lucius; Multiplex PCR; Virulence gene

Online: 20 May 2024 (10:41:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1070.v1

Status of Fishery Discards and By-Products in Greece and Potential Valorization Scenarios towards a National Exploitation Master Plan

Efstratios Roussos, George Triantaphyllidis, Vassiliki Ilia, Konstantinos Tsagarakis, Athanasios Machias, Leto-Aikaterini Tziveleka, Vassilios Roussis, Efstathia Ioannou, Yannis Kotzamanis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Valorization; Discards; Fisheries by-products; High added value biomolecules; Hydro-lyzed peptides; Marine Collagen; Minerals; Fish meal; Fish oil; Greece

Online: 16 May 2024 (11:55:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1013.v1

Effects of Soybean Isoflavone on the Growth Performance and Lipid Metabolism of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis

Mengyu Shi, Yisong He, Jiajun Zheng, Yang Xu, Yue Tan, Li Jia, Liqiao Chen, Jinyun Ye, Changle Qi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Soybean isoflavones; Chinese mitten crab; Growth performance; Lipid metabolism

Online: 15 May 2024 (07:48:20 CEST)

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In order to study the effects of soybean isoflavones on the growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, six experimental diets were formulated by gradient supplementation 0%, 0.004% and 0.008% soybean isoflavones at different dietary lipid levels (10% and 15%), which were named to NF-0 group (10% fat and 0% SIF), NF-0.004 group (10% fat and 0.004% SIF), NF-0.008 group (10% fat and 0.008% SIF), HF-0 group (15% fat and 0% SIF), HF-0.004 group (15% fat and 0.004% SIF) and HF-0.008 group (15% fat and 0.008% SIF). All crabs with an initial weight of 0.4 ± 0.03 g were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that diets supplementation with 0.004% or 0.008% SIF significantly increased the weight gain and specific growth rate of crabs. Diets supplementation with 0.004% or 0.008% SIF significantly reduced the content of non-esterified free fatty acids and triglycerides in the hepatopancreas of crabs at 10% dietary lipid level. Dietary SIF significantly decreased the relative mRNA expressions of elongase of very long-chain fatty acids 6 (elovl6), triglyceride lipase (tgl), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (srebp-1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (cpt-1a), fatty acid transporter protein 4 (fatp4), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 (cpt-2), Δ9 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ9 fad), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b (cpt-1b), fatty acid binding protein 10 (fabp10) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (mttp) in the hepatopancreas of crabs. At 15% dietary lipid level, 0.008% SIF significantly increased the relative mRNA expressions of fatty acid binding protein 3 (fabp3), carnitine acetyltransferase (caat), fatp4, fabp10, tgl, cpt-1a, cpt-1b and cpt-2 and significantly down regulated the relative mRNA expressions of Δ9 fad and srebp-1. In conclusion, SIF can improve the growth and utilization of high-fat diet by inhibiting genes related to lipid synthesis and promoting lipid decomposition in juvenile Chinese mitten crab.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0550.v1

Influence of Feeding and Temperature and Photoperiod Manipulation on Purple Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) Gonad Development

João Araújo, Margarida Gamboa, Ioannis Choulis, Ana Candeias-Mendes, Elsa Cabrita, Pedro Pousão-Ferreira, Florbela Soares

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: aquaculture; echinoderms; reproduction; histology; diets

Online: 9 May 2024 (07:21:43 CEST)

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Understanding and controlling reproductive cycles and gonadal maturation in cultivated species are crucial in aquaculture. The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, known for its edible gonads, requires careful maturation control for both reproduction and commercialization. This study explores the impact of temperature, photoperiod, and diet on gonadal development to enhance year-round aquaculture practices. Using two independent cultivation systems, we manipulated environmental conditions to mimic different seasons. Sea urchins were exposed to natural or manipulated temperature and photoperiod conditions and fed either natural (Ulva spp.) or formulated diets. The gonadosomatic index (GI) and histological analysis assessed gonadal development. Results revealed a clear correlation between environmental conditions, diet, and gonadal maturation. Manipulated conditions accelerated maturation, with sea urchins showing advanced stages compared to natural conditions. Furthermore, sea urchins fed formulated diets exhibited higher GI values, indicating enhanced maturation. Histological analysis confirmed accelerated maturation, particularly in females. The study underscores the feasibility of controlling gonadal maturation through environmental manipulation and diet, enabling year-round marketable gonad production. Providing formulated diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), enhances commercial value. These findings optimize aquaculture practices for P. lividus, highlighting its adaptability to yield-maximizing production strategies. Understanding and controlling reproductive cycles and gonadal maturation in cultivated species are crucial in aquaculture. The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, known for its edible gonads, requires careful maturation control for both reproduction and commercialization. This study explores the impact of temperature, photoperiod, and diet on gonadal development to enhance year-round aquaculture practices. Using two independent cultivation systems, we manipulated environmental conditions to mimic different seasons. Sea urchins were exposed to natural or manipulated temperature and photoperiod conditions and fed either natural (Ulva spp.) or formulated diets. The gonadosomatic index (GI) and histological analysis assessed gonadal development. Results revealed a clear correlation between environmental conditions, diet, and gonadal maturation. Manipulated conditions accelerated maturation, with sea urchins showing advanced stages compared to natural conditions. Furthermore, sea urchins fed formulated diets exhibited higher GI values, indicating enhanced maturation. Histological analysis confirmed accelerated maturation, particularly in females. The study underscores the feasibility of controlling gonadal maturation through environmental manipulation and diet, enabling year-round marketable gonad production. Providing formulated diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), enhances commercial value. These findings optimize aquaculture practices for P. lividus, highlighting its adaptability to yield-maximizing production strategies.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0260.v1

Chemical Treatments on Invasive Bivalve, Corbicula fluminea

Katie D. Goulder, Wai Hing Wong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Asian Clam; Toxicity; Invasive Species; Corbicula fluminea; Bivalve Mollusc; Molluscicide; Management

Online: 6 May 2024 (08:13:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0152.v1

Effects of Sand Burial Depth on Bivalve Species Predation by the Invasive Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus

Patricia Prado, Ignasi Gairin, Silvia Falco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Ruditapes spp.; Cerastoderma glaucum; Ensis siliqua; predation escape; Ebro Delta

Online: 3 May 2024 (07:20:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1623.v1

Effects of Water Quality on Diversity of Freshwater Green Microalgae in Semiurban Areas

Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Atul Kumar Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Diversity index; Distribution pattern; Green algae; Taxonomic identification; Water parameter

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:53:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1609.v1

Study on Body Weight-Length Relationship and Relative Fatness of Bigeye Grunt Brachydeuterus auritus in the Coastal Waters off Sierra Leone

Guoqing Zhao, Xin Rao, Shuai Li, Jialiang Yang, Lingzhi Li, Hongliang Huang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: bigeye grunt; body-length weight relationship; relative fatness; environment factor; Sierra Leone

Online: 24 April 2024 (11:49:14 CEST)

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Bigeye grunt Brachydeuterus auritus is an important economic species in the waters off Sierra Leone in West Africa, with great ecological value. Based on the survey data of bottom trawl nets from 6 voyages from 2019 to 2021, the body weight-length relationship (WLR), as well as their relative fatness, were studied in depth using the method of body length and its corresponding mean body weight. This study fitted the WLR of bigeye grunt by gender, calculated its fullness, and analyzed the influence of environmental factors. The results showed that month and gender had a significant impact on body length and weight distribution (P<0.01). There was a highly significant negative correlation (P<0.01) between the condition factor (a) and the allometric factor (b) in the WLR, and salinity significantly affects b (P<0.05). The (lga)/b ratio was less affected by environmental factors which may be related to the body size and density of the fish. The difference in b between male and female populations was extremely significant (P<0.01). The relative fatness had significant seasonal variation characteristics, with highly significant effects of sex and body length (P<0.01). With increasing body length, the relative fatness showed two types of changes, continuously increasing and first increasing then decreasing, with salinity and b significantly affecting the type of change (P<0.05) and depth having a highly significant effect (P<0.01). The bigeye grunt off the coast Sierra Leone exhibited significant seasonal growth characteristics, with significant differences in growth characteristics between male and female individuals. This study suggested that salinity may be the main factor affecting its growth and development. In addition, this study hypothesised that the peak breeding season may occur during the dry season, beginning in December and ending before April of the following year. The study provides updated and more comprehensive insights into the biology and ecology of the bigeye grunt offshore Sierra Leone, West Africa, which can provide scientific basis for its resource assessment, development and utilization, and resource management.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1578.v1

First Account of Epibiotic Diatoms Taxa from the Shells of Green Swimming Crabs Callinectes bellicosus (Stimpson 1859) (Decapoda, Portunidae)

Francisco Omar López-Fuerte, David Alfaro Siqueiros Beltrones, Luis Hernández, Sergio Flores-Ramírez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: benthic diatoms; coastal lagoon; crustaceans; epibiosis; Mexico

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:31:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1582.v1

Merits of Multi-Indicator Precautionary Approach Management in a Male-Only Crab Fishery

Darrell Mullowney, Krista Baker, Julia Pantin, William Coffey, Kyle Lefort, Katie Morrissey

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: snow crab; Newfoundland and Labrador; fisheries management; Precautionary Approach; male-only fishery

Online: 24 April 2024 (08:31:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1181.v1

The Expansion of Sirtuin Gene Family in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata). Phylogenetic, Syntenic, and Functional Insights Across the Vertebrate/Fish Lineage

Paula Simó-Mirabet, Fernando Naya-Català, Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner, Jaume Pérez-Sánchez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Gilthead sea bream; synteny; gene duplication; neo-functionalization; adaptive plasticity.; sirtuin; phylogeny

Online: 18 April 2024 (11:10:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1091.v1

River Habitat Survey (RHS) method in the assessment of synecological characteristics of macroinvertebrates: Aquatic Heteroptera of the River Krąpiel valley

Grzegorz Michoński, Andrzej Zawal, Grzegorz Tończyk, Wojciech Płaska, Joanna Pakulnicka, Vladimir Pešić, Michał Grabowski, Aleksandra Bańkowska, Agnieszka Szlauer-Łukaszewska, Robert Stryjecki, Magdalena Achrem, Iga Lewin, Zuzanna Krzynówek, Maja Krakowiak, Stanisław Musielak, Tapas Chatterjee, Edyta Stępień-Zawal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: hydromorphology; hydromorphological indexes; water bugs; landscape scales, physico--chemical parameters

Online: 17 April 2024 (07:51:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0543.v1

Modulatory Effect of Three Intestinally Isolated Dietary Probiotic Bacteria in Low Fish Meal Diets on Growth, Feed Utilization, Serum Biochemistry, Innate Immunity, Gut Health and Resistance Against Bacterial Challenge in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Wonsuk Choi, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Jinho Bae, Seunghan Lee, Taesun Min, Seunghyung Lee, Sungchul C. Bai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: probiotics; growth; immune genes; histology; disease resistance; olive flounder

Online: 9 April 2024 (07:44:20 CEST)

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Probiotics play an important role as immunostimulants in improving growth and health status in fish. However, little is known on the effects of probiotics when fish offered a low fish meal diet. This study evaluated the effects of three probiotic bacteria isolated from the fish intestine to replace antibiotics in a reduced fish meal diet fed to the juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A basal diet without feed additives was used as a control (CON) and five other diets were formulated by supplementation with Bacillus subtilis WB60 (BSWB60) at 1×108 CFU/g, B. subtilis SJ10 (BSSJ10) at 1×108 CFU/g, Enterococcus faecium SH30 (EFSH30) at 1×107 CFU/g, amoxicillin (AMO) at 4 g/kg and oxytetracycline (OTC) at 4 g/kg of the basal diet. Triplicate groups of 25 fish averaging 12.1±0.09 g (mean±SD) were fed one of the six experimental diet groups for 8 weeks. Then, 45 fish from each group were intraperitoneally injected with the pathogenic bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda, and mortality was recorded for 14 days. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish fed the BSWB60 diet were significantly greater than those of fish fed the CON, OTC and AMO diets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, feeding efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the BSWB60 diet were significantly greater than those of fish fed the CON, OTC and AMO diets. However, there were no significant differences in survival, hepatosomatic indices, viscerosomatic indices and condition factors among the fish fed the experimental diets. The whole-body proximate composition of the fish was unaffected by the dietary treatments. The serum biochemistry parameters, such as aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly greater in fish fed the BSSJ10 diet than in those fed the BSWB60 diet. However, serum alanine aminotransferase, glucose and total protein levels were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. The lysozyme activity of fish fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60 and EFSH30 diets was significantly greater than that of the CON, OTC and AMO diets. The myeloperoxidase activity of fish fed the BSWB60 diet was significantly greater than that of the fish fed the CON and AMO diets. The flounder growth hormone levels of fish fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30 and AMO diets were significantly greater than that of the fish fed the CON diet. The interleukin 1β (IL-1β) gene expression levels in fish fed the BSSJ10 and EFSH30 diets were significantly greater than those in fish fed the CON, OTC and AMO diets. The interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene expression levels in fish fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30 and OTC diets were significantly greater than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Intestinal histology revealed that the average villus length of fish fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, and EFSH30 diets was significantly greater than that of fish fed the CON, OTC and AMO diets. The cumulative survival rates of fish fed the EFSH30 and BSWB60 diets were significantly greater than those of fish fed the CON diet after the 15th day of the challenge test. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that the supplementation of autochthonous bacteria, B. subtilis (108 CFU/g diet) or E. faecium (107 CFU/g diet) in the diet could be ideal probiotics to replace antibiotics based on growth performance, the serum biochemical composition, immune responses and disease resistance in olive flounder fed a low fish meal diet..

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0395.v1

Hematological parameters and plasma biochemistry of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum from fish farms in the Amazon region

Flávia Dayane Félix Farias, Paulo Henrique Rocha Aride, Ariany Rabello da Silva Liebl, Maiko Willas Sores Ribeiro, Alexandre Augusto Barai, Neiana Pereira Anselmo, Tiago Nóbrega Cabral, Adriano Teixeira de Oliveira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: blood; well-being; Amazon; native; cultivation

Online: 5 April 2024 (08:49:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0373.v1

Protecting the High Seas from Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported Fishing with Overarching Management

Laura Nieminen, Mark Tupper, Ian Hendy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: high seas; illegal fishing; marine resource management; marine protected areas; subsidies; sustainable fisheries

Online: 4 April 2024 (11:02:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1247.v3

Growth Rate and Biological Production of Yellow Eel Anguilla anguilla and Production of Silver Eel and the Number of Glass Eel to Fulfill the Danish EMP

Gorm Rasmussen, Michael I Pedersen, Birgit M Therkildsen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: otolith; ageing; natural mortality; linear growth; growth rate; silver eel production; biological production of yellow eel; von Bertalanffy; EMP; stocking

Online: 2 April 2024 (10:41:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0062.v1

Evaluation of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Functional Feed Ingredient on Growth Improvement, Stress Reduction, Immune Enhancement and Disease Resistance in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) under High Stocking Density

Jinho Bae, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Hyeong-Woo Je, Seunghan Lee, Wonsuk Choi, Taesun Min, Kang-Woong Kim, Sungchul C. Bai

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: γ -aminobutyric acid; crowding effect; growth performance; innate immunity; disease resistance; olive flounder

Online: 1 April 2024 (12:23:01 CEST)

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Aquaculture is an important source of food for the growing global population. To meet the increasing demand for fish, intensive aquaculture methods are commonly used. However, these methods can lead to stress and disease in fish, which can result in significant economic losses. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is found in the brain and central nervous system of animals as inhibitory neurotransmitter. It has been shown to have a variety of physiological functions, including stress reduction and immune enhancement. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of GABA on growth, serum biochemistry, innate immunity and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda under high stocking density. A control diet and three experimental diets were prepared, with 150 mg/kg (GABA150), 200 mg/kg (GABA200), and 250 mg/kg (GABA250) of GABA added to each diet, respectively. The actual GABA content of the experimental diets was analyzed and found to be 63.9 mg/kg (CON), 231.3 mg/kg (GABA150), 291.6 mg/kg (GABA200), and 323.9 mg/kg (GABA250). Each experimental diet was fed to olive flounder with an initial weight of 12.75 g ± 0.3 g in 40 L tanks at two stocking densities: normal density (20 fish/tank) and high density (40 fish/tank). The experiment was conducted in triplicate for each diet and stocking density. The water temperature was maintained at 17.5 ± 1℃ and the salinity at 33 ± 1 ppt. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, growth, feed utilization, whole-body proximate composition, blood analysis, non-specific immune response, and challenge test were performed. There were no significant difference in weight gain and specific growth rate among the GABA concentrations and density × GABA concentration interaction groups. However, the low-density groups showed significantly higher values than the high-density groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio among all groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the whole-body general composition analysis (P > 0.05). In the hematological analysis, there was no significant difference in cortisol in terms of diet and density × GABA concentration interaction, but the high-density experimental group showed a significantly higher value. Blood GABA significantly increased in proportion to the addition amount regardless of the density group (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity in the non-specific immune response showed that the GABA-added experimental group had a significantly higher value than the control group, but there was no significant effect of the density densities or density × GABA concentration interaction (P<0.05). Myeloperoxidase activities in fish fed the GABA200 and GABA250 diets showed significantly higher values, and a density × GABA concentration interaction effect was observed (P<0.05). Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in the GABA150 group than in the CON, GABA200, and GABA250 groups (P < 0.05). After 15 days of challenge test by intraperitoneal injection of Edwardsiella tarda, the cumulative survival rates of the GABA150, GABA200, and GABA250 groups were significantly higher than that of the CON group (P < 0.05). The results suggested that the optimal dietary GABA level for juvenile olive flounder culture is 150 mg/kg, regardless of rearing density, to enhance growth, immune function and disease resistance.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0005.v1

Hypoxia in the Blue Mussel Mytilus chilensis Induces Transcriptome Shift Associated with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Metabolism, and Immune Response.

Milton Gabriel Montúfar-Romero, Valentina Marjorie Valenzuela-Muñoz, Diego Andrés Valenzuela-Miranda, Cristian Jorge Gallardo-Escárate

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Bivalve mollusks, Hypoxia, Oxidative stress, Reoxygenation, Gills, Transcriptome, Metabolism, Immunity.

Online: 1 April 2024 (09:51:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0907.v1

New Chymotrypsin Purified and Biochemically Characterized from Digestive Organs of Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

Jirapan Satjarak, Sappasith Klomklao, Yi Zhang, Karun Thongprajukaew

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: chymotrypsin; bigfin reef squid; Sepioteuthis lessoniana; purification; characterization

Online: 15 March 2024 (11:06:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0641.v1

Food, Growth and Biological Production of European Eel Anguilla anguilla in a Small Stream in Jutland, Denmark

Gorm Rasmussen, Birgit Therkildsen, Michael Pedersen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: otolith; ageing; growth rate; von Bertalanffy; L∞ , natural mortality; biological production; feeding

Online: 11 March 2024 (14:00:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1247.v2

Food, Growth and Biological Production of European eel Anguilla anguilla in a Small Stream in Jutland, Denmark

Gorm Rasmussen, Michael I Pedersen, Birgit M Therkildsen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: otolith; ageing; natural mortality; linear growth; growth rate; silver eel production; biological production of yellow eel; von Bertalanffy; EMP; stocking

Online: 8 March 2024 (03:39:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0399.v1

Screening of Microalgae for Bioactivity with Antiviral, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-cancer Assays

Jorge Hernández-Urcera, Alejandro Romero, Pedro Cruz, Vítor Vasconcelos, Antonio Figueras, Beatriz Novoa, Francisco Rodríguez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Microalgae; Bioactive compounds; Zebrafish; Inflammation; Antiviral activity; Antibacterial activity; Anti-cancer activity

Online: 7 March 2024 (08:07:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0150.v1

Genetic Variability and Genetic Differentiation of Populations in the Carpet Shell Clam (Ruditapes decussatus) Based on Intron Polymorphisms

Carlos Saavedra, David Cordero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: clam; fisheries; population genetics; intron; RFLP

Online: 4 March 2024 (11:15:36 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1338.v1

Humane slaughter in Mediterranean sea bass and bream aquaculture: Farm characteristics, stakeholder views, and policy implications

Koen van Pelt, Max Carpendale, Ren Ryba

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Dicentrarchus labrax, dry stunning, European Union, Sparus aurata, Turkey, wet stunning

Online: 23 February 2024 (09:52:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1183.v1

Factors Influencing Disease Dynamics in Small-Scale Carp Polyculture in Bangladesh

Partho Pratim Debnath, Pochara Prukbenjakul, Melba G. Reantaso, Charles R Tyler, Channarong Rodkhum

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Small-scale aquaculture; Carp farming; Disease; Biosecurity; Sustainable aquaculture

Online: 21 February 2024 (11:38:23 CET)

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Small scale carp polyculture plays a key role for food supply in Bangladesh, however, factors including water pollution, limited infrastructure and inadequate disease management hinder its sustainability. This paper reports on a survey of 231 farmers across the 6 major carp producing regions in Bangladesh, analyzing factors including, farmers’ social aspects, farm characteristics, information on disease and approaches adopted to combat them, and biosecurity practices. Almost half (46.8%) of the farms surveyed experienced disease in carp species, with clear regional variations. Eighty four percent of farms reported carp mortalities during disease outbreak, with an average mortality level 10.23±11.81%. Clinical signs during outbreaks lasted between a week and a month, and there was a peak in disease outbreaks in two seasonal periods between June to July and October to December. Disease incidence was related to a range of factors including the farmer experience, ponds/farm type, stocked species, and biosecurity practice. A combination of disinfecting measures during pond preparation and measures during stocking, including discarding fingerling transport water off-farm, fingerling disinfection and check the health of fingerlings before stocking significantly reduced disease occurrence. Treatments involving the antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and azithromycin were reported as ineffective, raising concerns about non-prudent use, inadequate dosing (perhaps without appropriate veterinary guidance) and the potential for further driving antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The research unveils a concerning pattern of disease high disease incidence across small-scale carp farms in Bangladesh and the significant potential for disease spread highlights the need for responsible disposal practices. The study emphasizes the need for improving training and awareness programs are vital for addressing biosecurity and disease management challenges, ensuring sustainable aquaculture and community well-being.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1144.v1

Linking Wetland Ecosystem Services to Fish Genetic Resources with Special Reference to Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha): A Novel Study from Northeastern Bangladesh

Atiqur Rahman Sunny, Md. Arifur Rahman, Md. Nazmul Hasan, Jeba Faizah Rahman, Sharif Ahmed Sazzad, Md. Faruque Miah, Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Shamsul Haque Prodhan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Wetland; Ecosystem services; Genetic diversity; Hilsa; Bangladesh

Online: 20 February 2024 (12:44:47 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1077.v1

Climate Change and the Platypus: A Scientific Analysis

Martine Mussies

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: climate change; platypus; global warming

Online: 20 February 2024 (08:01:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0978.v1

Effects of Suspended Sediments on the Population Dynamics and Behavior of Filter-Feeding Brachycentrus occidentalis (Trichoptera: Brachycentridae) Larvae in a Southeastern Minnesota, USA, Trout Stream

Neal D. Mundahl, Erik D. Mundahl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: caddisfly larvae; secondary production; suspended sediments; filter-feeding

Online: 19 February 2024 (14:35:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0849.v1

The Prevalence of Necrotic Black Spot in Cancer pagurus (L.) within a UK Voluntary Marine Reserve.

Kevin Scott, Petra Harsanyi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Cancer pagurus; disease; fisheries; black spot; fisheries management

Online: 15 February 2024 (09:44:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0782.v1

Influence of Riparian Conditions on Physical Instream Habitats in Trout Streams in Southeastern Minnesota, USA

Will L. Varela, Neal D. Mundahl, David F. Staples, Rachel H. Greene, Silas Bergen, Jennifer Cochran-Biederman, Cole R. Weaver

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: canonical correlation; coldwater habitat; instream physical habitat; riparian

Online: 14 February 2024 (07:20:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0405.v1

Denitrification Characteristics of the Low-Temperature Tolerant Denitrification Strain Achromobacter spiritinus HS2 and Its Application

Yajuan Gao, Ting Zhang, LingKang Hu, Shiyuan Liu, Chenchen Li, Yongsheng Jin, Hongbin Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Achromobacter spiritinus; heterotrophic nitrification; aerobic denitrification; low-temperature tolerant denitrifying bacteria; sewage treatment.

Online: 7 February 2024 (08:02:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0295.v1

Ghost Gears in the Gulf of Gabès: Alarming Situation and Sustainable Solution Perspectives

Hana Ghaouar, Wiem Boussellaa, Imed Jribi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: ALDFG; Gulf of Gabès; Interviews; Impact; Mapping; Sustainability

Online: 5 February 2024 (15:11:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2019.v2

Quantification of Heavy Metal Content in Anadara tuberculosa from the Gulf of Guayaquil Using ICP-OES: Assessing Marine Contamination

Kevin Cedeño Vinces, Angela Pacheco Flores de Valgaz, José Ballesteros

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Pollution; Anadara tuberculosa; Ecuador; Shellfish; Gulf; ICP-OES

Online: 2 February 2024 (12:13:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1771.v1

Soft-Shell Production of the Invasive Atlantic Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus in the Lesina Lagoon (Se Italy):

Lucrezia Cilenti, Nicola Lago, Antonio Oscar Lillo, Daniel Li Veli, Tommaso Scirocco, Giorgio Mancinelli

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Portunidae; seafood; invasive species; functional eradication; Mediterranean Sea

Online: 24 January 2024 (13:30:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1696.v1

Biodiversity and Environmental Factors Structuring Diatom Assemblages in the Protected High-Mountains Lakes of the Kaçkar Mountains National Park (Rize, Turkey)

Bülent Şahin, Sophia Barinova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: high mountain lakes; diatoms; benthic habitats; environmental factors; bioindicator; threatened and rare species; Kaçkar Mountains National Park; Turkey.

Online: 24 January 2024 (07:14:07 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1296.v1

Transcriptomic Survey Reveals the Effect of Urea on Metabolism of Nannochloropsis oceanica

Han Zhu, Zhen Li Ye, Zhengru Xu, Li Wei

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Adaptation mechanism; Urea addition; Transcriptome; Nannochloropsis oceanica

Online: 17 January 2024 (10:08:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0956.v1

Linking Acrosomal Morphotypes and Genetic Divergence in an Inter-Oceanic Mussel from Pacific and Atlantic Coasts: A Case of Incipient Speciation?

Carolina Briones, José J. Núñez, Montse Pérez, Orlando Garrido, Bernardita Campos, Karina Godoy, Ricardo Hartley, Pablo Oyarzún, Ricardo Guiñez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Bayesian method; ect-aquasperm; Last Glacial Maximum; Mytilidae; Perumytilus purpuratus; postglacial recolonization; reproductive isolation; sperm morphotypes

Online: 12 January 2024 (10:42:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0897.v1

Three New Species of the Freshwater Shrimp Genus Caridina from Australia

Werner Klotz, Thomas Von Rintelen, Kristina Von Rintelen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Crustacea; Decapoda; Atyidae; Australia

Online: 11 January 2024 (11:27:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0540.v1

Biofilm Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa TGC04 Exposed to Metformin and Variations in COD Content

Luiz Gustavo Pragana, João Antônio Carvalho Bandeira, Kaíque Yago Gervazio de Lima, Ulrich Vasconcelos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Emerging contaminants; Non-antibiotic drugs; Antimicrobial activity.

Online: 8 January 2024 (10:10:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0090.v1

Size Structured Method Applied to the Brown Crab Fishery Callinectes bellicosus in the Gulf of California

Gilberto Genaro Ortega-Lizárraga, Horacio A. Muñoz-Rubí, Guillermo Rodríguez-Domínguez, Raúl Pérez-González, Jaime Edzael Mendívil-Mendoza, E. Alberto Aragón-Noriega

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Baranov's equation; CASA Model; exploitation rate; fishing mortality

Online: 3 January 2024 (02:22:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2030.v1

New Myzostomids (Annelida) in Symbiosis with Feather Stars in the Shallow Waters of the South China Sea

Alexander Isaychev, Dimitry Schepetov, Yutong Zhou, Andrei V. Kitashov, Temir A. Britayev, Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Myzostomida; symbiotic polychaetes; crinoids; Hainan Island; marine biodiversity; echinoderm symbionts; SCUBA; Sanya; new species discovery

Online: 27 December 2023 (10:08:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2065.v1

Crude Lipid Levels in Semi-Purified Diets for Zebrafish

Daniella Tavares, Samara Moesch, Beatriz Felix Verdam dos Santos, Flavio Luis Vanderlei, Lilian Carolina Rosa da Silva, André Rodrigues da Cunha Barreto-Vianna, Álvaro José de Almeida Bicudo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: standard diet; fish nutrition; Danio rerio; nutritional requirement

Online: 27 December 2023 (09:07:09 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2068.v1

Algae in Recreational Waters

Federica Valeriani, Federica Carraturo, Giusy Lofrano, Veronica Volpini, Michela Giovanna Izzo, Agnese Bruno, Marco Guida, Vincenzo Romano Spica

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Algae,; Cyanobacteria; Recreational water; Swimming pool; SPA; Water treatments; Monitoring; Climate change

Online: 27 December 2023 (08:47:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2019.v1

Quantification of Heavy Metal Content in Anadara tuberculosa from the Gulf of Guayaquil Using ICP-OES: Assessing Marine Contamination

Kevin Cedeño Vinces, Angela Pacheco Flores de Valgaz, José Ballesteros

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: heavy metals; mollusks; Gulf; Anadara tuberculosa; ICP-OES

Online: 26 December 2023 (14:39:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1976.v1

Recovery of a Population of Slimy Sculpin After an Autumn Fish Kill in the Headwaters of a Minnesota Trout Stream

Neal D Mundahl

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: fish kill; recovery; sculpin; instream movements; reproduction; Uranidea cognata

Online: 26 December 2023 (10:21:45 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1936.v1

Studying for Characterization of Ovarian Development and Associated Factors during the Breeding Migration of Coilia nasus in the Yangtze River

Shuwei Wei, Zhong Hua, Yanping Yang, Fengjiao Ma, Wei Han, Wei Zhang, Congping Ying, Yanmin Deng, Kai Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Coilia nasus; ovarian development; organizational observation; sex steroid hormones; gene expression

Online: 26 December 2023 (06:59:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1558.v1

Impacts of extreme climate change event on small-scale fishers and their community and their adaptation in Baganga, Davao Oriental

Edison D. Macusi, Lizel L. Sabino, Erna S. Macusi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: adaptive strategies; climate risk management; livelihoods; small-scale fisheries; supertyphoons

Online: 20 December 2023 (12:00:49 CET)

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Climate change is unpredictable and can change rapidly or over time; anthropogenic stressors work synergistically to strengthen their impact on vulnerable ecosystems and the fisheries sector. This study documented the past occurrence of extreme climate change impacts, such as supertyphoon Pablo (ST: Bopha), which severely affected Baganga, Davao Oriental, about ten years ago. A mixed-methods data collection was used, combining semi-structured interviews with small-scale fishers (N=120) in four fishing villages and focus group discussions (N=4, participated by about 4 focus groups) on assessing the impacts and their adaptation after climatic events occurred. Our findings indicate that the four selected fishing villages were exposed to common factors of climate change events that destroyed many lives and their livelihood. Including a decrease in catch per trip and the fishing operations disruption (98%). However, due to the impact of the supertyphoon, small-scale fishers in Baganga developed psychological distress (emotional 44% and physical 24%) due to the extreme event or disaster and economic losses (32%). In order to survive, their adaptation strategies relied on government and non-government-provided provisions and projects, e.g., planting trees, constructing a sea wall with wave breakers, cash for work, and tourism as an alternative livelihood. Despite this, our study revealed that the community had limited knowledge on the impacts of climate change, lack clear management goals especially for fishers, and the widespread use of illegal fishing gears. The local government must strongly implement rules, policies, and adaptation measures that will contribute to better and more resilient communities. This can help them to withstand future shocks and provide sustainable fisheries resources that will benefit all the fishers. The study will be useful to policymakers, disaster management group and organization that will help assist affected communities highly affected by climatic events.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1510.v1

Relationship Between Water Quality and Phytoplankton in Reservoirs of the Ebro Basin (Spain) During the Period of 2010–2015

Daniel Montagud

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: water quality; phytoplankton; trophic state; time series; climate change; reservoir management

Online: 20 December 2023 (09:38:44 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1465.v1

Towards Shrimp and Prawn Welfare in the Wild‐ Caught Fishing Industry: A Global Review and Recommendations for Research and Policy

Ren Ryba, Sean Connell, Shannon Davis, Yip Fai Tse, Peter Singer

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Acetes; Caridea; China; decapods; Penaeoidea; Sergestidae

Online: 19 December 2023 (14:00:05 CET)

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Wild-caught shrimp and prawns are the single most numerous group of animals directly killed for human food consumption on the planet. Recent scientific developments have led to greater understanding of the probability that at least some species of shrimp are sentient beings and, should that be the case, policies that could improve shrimp welfare. We begin with an overview of global shrimp fisheries and their characteristics. The world's shrimp fisheries can be understood as a spectrum between large, industrial trawlers in developed and developing countries (e.g. Western Europe, the Americas, Russia) and small-scale fisheries for subsistence in developing countries (e.g. South-East Asia, East Africa). Each has different implications for animal welfare, particularly in light of human wellbeing challenges associated with shrimp fisheries. Secondly, we turn to the emerging science of shrimp welfare and examine recent developments in government and industry policy. In large-scale trawl fisheries, animal welfare can be improved by installing electrical stunning equipment; continuing existing work on bycatch reduction; and optimising on-board processes to reduce the stress endured by shrimp during capture and slaughter. In small-scale fisheries, improving government capacity and supply chain practices may bring benefits for communities in the short-term while opening up opportunities for more specific shrimp welfare policies in the long-term. Thirdly, we provide a new dataset of the estimated numbers of individual shrimp caught by country and species. Drawing on this data, we provide a description of the shrimp fishing industry in the world's top 25 countries by estimated catch of individual shrimp. By our estimates, the wild-catch shrimp industry catches 37.4 trillion individual shrimp (36.3 trillion sergestids, 781 billion carideans, and 287 billion penaeids). Finally, we explore the ethical implications of the probability that shrimp and prawns are capable of feeling pain and the welfare policies that could be adopted.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1169.v1

Adaptation of the European Fish Index (EFI+) to include the alien fish pressure

Enric Aparicio, Carles Alcaraz, Rafel Rocaspana, Quim Pou-Rovira, Emili García-Berthou

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Ecological status; Index of biotic integrity; Non-native species; Water Framework Directive

Online: 15 December 2023 (11:08:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1131.v1

Effect of Light Color on the Growth, Feeding, Digestion and Antioxidant Enzymes of Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Chuanxin Qin, Xinye Zhao, Yu Guo, Jiayang Li, Zhenhua Ma, Gang Yu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: sea urchin; LED light color; consume; growth; enzyme activity

Online: 15 December 2023 (04:32:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1099.v1

Sympatonic Coexistence Mechanism: A Case Study of Two Penahia Species in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea

Yunrong Yan, Konglan Luo, Xiongbo He, Yan Zhou, Xiaoying Yi, Chunxu Zhao, Xiaodong Yang, Jinxi Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Pennahia pawak; Pennahia anea; stomach contents analysis; stable isotope analysis; Sympatonic coexistence

Online: 15 December 2023 (04:08:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0897.v1

The Cent Fonts aquifer: an overlooked subterranean biodiversity hotspot in a stygobiont-rich region

Vincent Prié, Cédric Alonso, Claude Bou, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Pierre Marmonier, Marie-José Dole-Olivier

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: stygobiont, troglobiont, conservation, karst, subterranean diversity, conservation, water abstraction

Online: 12 December 2023 (13:14:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0782.v1

Potential Therapeutic Use of Dermaseptin S4 From the Frog Phyllomedusa sauvagii and Its Derivatives Against Bacterial Pathogens in Fish

Afef Braik, Jhon Alberto Serna-Duque, Adel Nefzi, Sonia Aroui, María Ángeles Esteban

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: dermaseptin; antimicrobial peptides; amphibian; aquaculture; vibriosis

Online: 12 December 2023 (05:14:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0522.v1

Effects of Dietary Plant Protein Replacement by Insect and Poultry By-Product Meals on Liver Health and Serum Metabolites of Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) and Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Valeria Donadelli, Patrizia Di Marco, Alberta Mandich, Maria Grazia Finoia, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Tommaso Petochi, Alessandro Longobardi, Emilio Tibaldi, Giovanna Marino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: liver histology; liver index; sustainable feed; poultry by-product meal; Hermetia illucens meal; plant-protein; lipid metabolism; fish welfare; blood biochemistry

Online: 7 December 2023 (11:57:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0507.v1

Typology of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Farms: Their Operations, Socio-Economic Viability, and Challenges

Edison D. Macusi, Erna S. Macusi, Henzel P. Bongas, Melanie A. Cayacay

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: climate change impacts; feeding times; mariculture; stocking density; water quality

Online: 7 December 2023 (09:40:13 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0368.v1

Genetics and Genomics of Infectious Diseases in Key Aquaculture Species

Nguyen Hong Nguyen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: genetic basis; genomic architecture; disease tolerance; population resilience and climate change

Online: 6 December 2023 (08:34:59 CET)

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Diseases pose a significant and pressing concern for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector, particularly as their impact continues to grow due to climatic shifts such as rising water temperatures. While various approaches, ranging from biosecurity measures to vaccines, have been devised to combat infectious diseases, their efficacy is disease- and species-specific and contingent upon a multitude of factors. The field of genetics and genomics offer effective tools to control and prevent disease outbreaks in aquatic animal species. In this study, we present the key findings from our recent research, focusing on the genetic resistance to three specific diseases: White Spot Syndrome Virus WSSV) in white shrimp, Bacterial Necrotic Pancreatitis (BNP) in striped catfish and skin fluke (a parasitic ailment) in yellowtail kingfish. Our investigations reveal that all three species possess substantial heritable genetic components for disease resistant traits, indicating their potential responsiveness to artificial selection in genetic improvement programs tailored to combat these diseases. Also, we observed a high genetic association between disease traits and survival rates. Through selective breeding aimed at enhancing resistance to these pathogens, we achieved substantial genetic gains, averaging 10% per generation. These selection programs also contributed positively to the overall production performance and productivity of these species. Although the effects of selection on immunological traits or immune responses were not significant in white shrimp, they yielded favourable results in striped catfish. Furthermore, our genomic analyses, including shallow genome sequencing of pedigreed populations, enriched our understanding of the genomic architecture underlying disease resistance traits. These traits are primarily governed by a polygenic nature, with numerous genes or genetic variants, each with small effects. Leveraging a range of advanced statistical methods, from mixed models to machine and deep learning, we developed prediction models that demonstrated moderate to high levels of accuracy in forecasting these disease-related traits. In addition to genomics, our RNA-seq experiments identified several genes that undergo upregulation in response to infection or viral loads within the populations. Preliminary microbiome data, while offering limited predictive accuracy for disease traits in one of our studied species, underscore the potential for combining such data with genome sequence information to enhance predictive power for disease traits in our populations. Lastly, this paper briefly discusses the roles of precision agriculture systems, AI algorithms, and outlines the path for future research to expedite the development of disease-resistant genetic lines tailored to our target species. In conclusion, our study underscores the critical role of genetics and genomics in fortifying the aquaculture sector against the threats posed by diseases, paving the way for more sustainable and resilient aquaculture development.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0238.v1

From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod-Crinoid Symbiosis

Oksana A. Korzhavina, Natalia V. Gubareva, Andrey V. Kitashov, Temir A. Britayev, Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Copepod Associations; Symbiotic Relationships; Crinoids; Comatulida; Marine Biodiversity; Marine Ecology; Marine Invertebrates; Host-Symbiont Interactions; Marine Parasitology

Online: 5 December 2023 (11:08:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0121.v1

Assessment of Full-Fat Tenebrio molitor as Feed Ingredient for Solea senegalensis: Effects on Growth Performance and Lipid Profile

Ismael Hachero Cruzado, Monica B. Betancor, Antonio Jesús Coronel Dominguez, Manuel Manchado, Francisco Javier Alarcón-López

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Tenebrio molitor; insect meal; sustainable protein sources, Solea senegalensis, fatty acids profile

Online: 5 December 2023 (04:44:23 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0039.v1

The Crayfish Plague Pathogen Aphanomyces astaci in Ireland.

Daniel J. Brady, Rossa Meade, Julian D. Reynolds, Andreas Vilcinskas, Kathrin Theissinger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: crayfish plague; Aphanomyces astaci; Austropotamobius pallipes; invasive species; Ireland

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:31:53 CET)

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Biology and Life Sciences