Abstract: Background: Ejagham, an African language, has received limited scholarly focus compared to other African languages. Most studies emphasise grammar and sociolinguistics, while its number system remains underdocumented. Number systems in underdocumented languages like Ejagham are rarely examined for their cognitive, philosophical, or symbolic dimensions. Yet, Ejagham’s counting system may encode concepts of economy, hierarchy, memory, and logic, reflecting broader cultural values. Objective: This paper analyses the Ejagham counting system from one to ten, seeking to understand its structure, cultural reasoning, and mnemonic potential. It also aims to support the documentation and promotion of this amazing language. Method: This study focuses on the Cameroonian variety of Ejagham, also known as Eastern Ejagham. It employs critical analysis, an insider perspective, and simple arithmetic to examine patterns and explore possible connections. The numbers are transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Results: Ejagham numbers from one to ten follow a cultural logic: larger numbers are formed additively and spoken first, reflecting seniority and economic mastery. A distinct word for ten confirms a decimal system. Conclusion and Recommendation: This research argues that Ejagham’s numerical expressions reflect a worldview grounded in economy, seniority, symmetry, and cognitive efficiency. The cultural logic embedded in Ejagham numbers contributes to ongoing efforts to document this language. Increased scholarly and financial support is vital for its preservation and for further interdisciplinary study.

Abstract: Methodological statistics has developed under the pervasive belief that the value of a simulation study lies in its ability to demonstrate the superiority of a proposed method. This belief has distorted the epistemic role of simulation research by encouraging selective reporting, narrow design spaces and the suppression of results that fail to show improvement. Drawing on philosophical accounts and on meta scientific critiques by several studies, this paper argues that non superiority is not a failure but an essential source of methodological knowledge. It marks the boundaries at which a method performs adequately, where it begins to degrade and where it breaks. Using empirical patterns evident in contemporary methodological literature and drawing on the widely cited case in which machine learning methods often failed to outperform logistic regression in clinical prediction, this paper demonstrates how non-superiority clarifies expectations and guides methodological refinement. The paper proposes a structural remedy that pairs the Registered Reports model with principled simulation design following the ADEMP framework of \citet{morris2019using}. This alignment protects the visibility of non-superiority and restores the integrity of simulation research. Boundary mapping is therefore not a modest contribution but a scientific and ethical imperative for methodological transparency and applied reliability.

Abstract: This contribution proposes an ontological interpretation of the "neurophilosophy of awakening" through the lens of enactive inference. Here, awakening is conceptualized not as an elusive, irreversible endgame found in classical Asian traditions, but as a process-oriented recognition of reality's fundamental structure. It marks the spiritual moment when consciousness becomes aware of itself—a transition into meta-awareness. Within the framework of processual perspectivism, the "Witnessing-Space" emerges as the central, metastable configuration of an enactive inference system. We describe awakening as a radical reorganization of this space: a transition from fragmented, affectively dysregulated patterns to an integrated perspective where the system discerns its own generative architecture. The Witnessing-Space thus serves as an operative hinge between process-ontological philosophy, empirical brain dynamics, and the existential dimensions of spiritual self-realization. Ultimately, we argue that the study of awakening provides a heuristic key to resolving the classical mind-body problem by exposing the generative mechanisms of phenomenal appearance.

Abstract: The Trace & Trajectory Framework (TTF) offers a non-representationalist approach to meaning, cognition, and selfhood grounded in dynamical systems theory and radical enactivism. Rather than treating meaning as something stored in mental representations, TTF proposes that meaning is enacted—it emerges through temporally extended navigational patterns, called trajectories, that traverse dynamic structures called ribbons. The framework's layered ontology comprises traces (probabilistic preconditions), threads (pre-navigational filamentary configurations emerging through dissociation), ribbons (coordinated thread bundles whose fold dynamics generate navigational positions), and trajectories (meaning events). The dual-parameter architecture (lambda for structural granularity, sigma for epistemic access) combines with ribbon dynamics to handle phenomena typically addressed through separate, domain-specific machinery. This version foregrounds ribbon dynamics as the primary organizational level of the framework, showing how coordinated thread bundles—with their characteristic fold frequencies, saturation profiles, and transgranular coordination—provide the analytical resolution that previous versions distributed across ad hoc mechanisms. To support ribbon-level analysis, the version introduces the Hx namespace, a unified Latin notation for radial cut geometry, along with several instruments: QRS-CONFIG for pluriversal analysis of social indexicality; stratified epistemic barriers (Hx4 through Hx16) marking qualitative shifts in navigational access; hex bands encoding grammatical number through mimetic projection; and Macro-alpha as the extractive agential type. The framework dissolves rather than solves classical problems—including symbol grounding, the scalability challenge, and the tension between embodied and abstract cognition—by rejecting the representationalist premises that generate them.

Abstract: Debates on ontological underdetermination—from scientific realism to Bayesian epistemology—typically assume that epistemic agents remain structurally intact even when evidence fails to determine theory. This paper argues that such debates tacitly preserve a “posture of mastery”: indeterminacy is treated as a problem for theory selection rather than as a destabilization of epistemic agency itself. I introduce the concept of epistemic anti-mastery to describe a rational reconfiguration of epistemic posture under conditions of radical opacity. Through a structural reading of Marguerite Porete’s account of annihilation in The Mirror of Simple Souls, I demonstrate that: (i) Bayesian conditionalization presupposes an architectural stability that radical underdetermination undermines; (ii) scientific realism’s convergence rhetoric depends on an untenable mastery-orientation; and (iii) under structural opacity, epistemic anti-mastery is rationally required. The aim is conceptual intervention: rational engagement requires revision of epistemic stance rather than refinement of theoretical control.

Abstract: This study integrates Vedic philology, ritual history, and philosophical hermeneutics in a multi-layered analysis of Agnihotra. Particularly in the Yajurveda, where its exterior performance is linked to varṇa and āśrama, it elucidates Agnihotra's technical structure and śākhā-specific methods by drawing on Śruti sources. The conceptual extension of ritual eligibility when dharma declines is explained by an analysis of Purāṇic and Smṛti depictions of Yuga decline. Then, passages from the Upaniṣadic and Bhagavadgītā are considered to demonstrate how Agnihotra is internalized as niṣkāma-karma and jñāna-yajña, creating a continuum between philosophical insight and ritual practice leading to mokṣa. Lastly, the Mādhyandina and Kāṇva recensions of the Śukla Yajurveda are compared to see whether they are appropriate for Agnihotra during the Kali Yuga. The latter maintains earlier, more intricate ritual levels, while the former provides systematic clarity. This study concludes that the Kāṇva recension offers greater scope for academic analysis śākhā for Agnihotra practice in Kali Yuga.

Abstract: This paper discusses about how unlock our noetic potential for productivity enhancement more effectively, in order to help us become more productive and efficient. Our innate potential is a big gift evolution, and we can sharpen and develop it for the purpose of boosting our productivity. Here, we examine the concept of human productive potential at the metaphysical level, to provide metacognitive perspectives on the idea of self-realisation and noetic rejuvenation. Inspired by Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, we propose a hypothetical noetic space and productive continuum for the mind, which allows better understanding of the phenomenon of self-realisation to augment our intrinsic productive potential.

Abstract: This paper explores the mathematical transition of a 64-gram (8 ×8) matrix system from static equilibrium to dynamic circulation. By applying a Riemann-inspired weight operator and a linear phase evolution governed by independent winding numbers k and m, we demonstrate how mirror symmetry is shattered. Drawing upon the theory of Hyperbolic Bias, we examine the evolution from δ = 0 (Hermitian parity) to δ = 3/4 (asymmetric dominance). This transition provides a formal mechanism for the transformation of “Obstruction” (Heaven-Earth) into “Full Circulation” (Earth-Heaven), establishing a mathematical analogue for the Sakharov conditions in Baryogenesis.

Abstract: Theories of consciousness span a wide conceptual spectrum, yet most may be broadly categorised into one of two methodological perspectives: the Local-Quantitative (LOQ), positing consciousness arises exclusively from quantifiable, neurological processes, and the Anti-Local-Quantitative (ALOQ), positing extra-physiological, unquantifiable origins. By delineating key criteria—such as neural localisation, empirical measurability, and metaphysical assumptions—this framework offers a structure with which one may more effectively organise and compare theories ranging from Global Workspace Theory (Baars, 1988) to Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Hameroff and Penrose, 1996). Rather than replacing existing philosophical taxonomies, this framework serves as a supplementary tool to identify the commitments and experimental conditions of contemporary models. Establishing this dichotomy may streamline discourse, clarify philosophical commitments, and promote more coherent debate in consciousness research.

Abstract: Fairness and minority exclusion have emerged as the central concerns of contemporary AI ethics. However, standard auditing practices often fail to capture harms affecting edge cases and marginalized groups. This article argues that this failure is structural: the act of "discretization"—converting continuous reality into discrete governance categories—inevitably produces a "residual." Drawing on German Idealism (Kant, Fichte, Schelling) and continental philosophy (Dilthey, Gadamer, Merleau-Ponty), we reconceptualize residuals not as mere noise but as "surprising facts" that should trigger abductive hypothesis revision. We critique current audit-by-checklist approaches as "rituals of verification" that obscure these residuals. This article makes three key contributions: (i) a structural diagnosis of residual production using systems theory and topology; (ii) a philosophical reconstruction of abductive revision as a hermeneutic necessity; and (iii) an institutional design proposal—specifically, the Residual Ledger and Category Revision Protocols—to operationalize "Open Schema" governance.

Abstract: This paper defends the thesis that LLM hallucinations are best explained as a truth representation problem: Current models lack an internal representation of propositions as truth-bearers, so truth and falsity cannot constrain generation in the way factual discourse requires. It begins by surveying leading explanations—computational limits on self-verification, deficiencies in training data as truth sources, and architectural factors—and argues that they converge on the same underlying representational deficit. Next, it reconstructs the philosophical background of current LLM design, showing how optimization for fluent continuation aligns with coherence-style evaluation and with a broadly structuralist, relational semantics, before turning to David Chalmers’s recent attempt to secure propositional interpretability by drawing on Davidson/Lewis-style radical interpretation and by locating propositional content in “middle-layer” structures; it argues that this approach downplays the ubiquity of hallucination and inherits instability from post-training edits. Finally, the paper offers a positive proposal: Atomic propositions should be represented in the basic vector layer, reviving a logical-atomist program as a principled route to reducing hallucination.

Abstract: As intelligent autonomous systems (IAS) continue to assume increas-ingly central roles in safety- and mission-critical domains such as transportation,healthcare, finance, and infrastructure management, humans are becoming una-ble to monitor or intervene in real time. This shift is driven by the speed, data-processing capacity, and adaptivity of IAS. To manage this complexity, a newparadigm is emerging: IAS controlling and monitoring other IAS, a developmentthat introduces at the same time practical efficiency and profound practical andethical challenges.This article explores the multi-layered delegation of responsibilities within IASecosystems, where decisions influencing human lives and well-being are madewith minimal human intervention. One often-overlooked consequence of this del-egation is the capacity of AI systems to shape and create new human habits,whether through personalized persuasion, behavioral feedback loops, or autono-mous decision enforcement. As humans increasingly adapt their behaviors to ma-chine-optimized environments, questions arise about autonomy, agency, and re-sponsibility for resulting behavior changes.Drawing on insights from recent research on responsibility delegation in IAS andon AI-driven habit formation, the article critically examines how responsibilityshould be distributed across human actors, autonomous systems, and institutions.Framed within the principles of Digital Humanism, I argue for a value-sensitivegovernance model that ensures transparency, explainability and human oversighteven in complex IAS-to-IAS control scenarios.I propose a normative framework for responsibility attribution that accounts forboth the technical architecture of IAS networks and the behavioral effects thesesystems have on human users. The article concludes by addressing the ethicalrisks of diminished human agency, manipulation through behavioral design, andthe need for institutional mechanisms that align IAS operations with fundamentalhuman values.

Abstract: This paper addresses the mind-body problem by highlighting the concept of continuity. Building on philosophical definitions, it introduces an "ontology of continuity" thesis to bridge the mental and the physical. Based on the thesis, the paper introduces a “neuro-subjective interactive (NSI)” model, which incorporates empirical studies from brain science. The model suggests that subjective experiences and neural activities are inter-dependent. Instead of separating between human mentality and its physical base, the paper posits that our mentality is constituted by both physical (neural) and non-physical (subjective) elements. This approach addresses two major challenges in the mind-body problem: causal overdetermination and physical causal closure.

Abstract: The functioning of complex natural structures, such as living systems, still lacks a generally accepted theoretical basis with respective empirical experimental verification for decades. We propose a class of experiments to test whether such systems could be subject to an unknown ordering principle that cannot be captured by known physical laws. We hypothesise that the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle enables ordering phenomena in nearly chaotic systems in the sense of a strong emergence principle, which would not be expected when they are modelled conventionally, as several authors have already formulated in various forms. To account for the harsh conditions prevailing in living systems that may preclude fragile macroscopic quantum coherence, our hypothesis does not require such coherence at all, contrary to earlier related proposals. To test this hypothesis, two virtually identical and sufficiently complex experimental setups should be compared. One setup will operate with deterministic pseudo-random number generators at key sensitive points, while the other one will use quantum-based physical random- number generators, the two setups being otherwise identical. Existing artificial neural networks are proposed as possible test objects, and their performance under identical training conditions can be used as a quantitative benchmark. As this working hypothesis extends far beyond artificial networks, a successful outcome of such an experiment could have significant implications for many other branches of science.

Abstract: This study constructs a comprehensive philosophical and mathematical framework for understanding perceptual stillness, conscious awareness, and their representations in modern art and music. It integrates contemplative insights from Eckhart Tolle’s notion of the “Power of Now” with neurogeometric and physical models of cognition, drawing parallels between meditative silence and harmonic equilibrium in sound. The inquiry extends across multiple disciplines — phenomenology, cognitive neuroscience, acoustics. The paper proposes that consciousness, in its unconditioned state, can be mathematically described as a limit condition of cognitive curvature Rij = 0, paralleling the zero-curvature manifold in differential geometry. Here, awareness functions as a self-luminous field where perception is no longer mediated by temporal differentiation. This zero-curvature condition finds empirical support in neuroscientific studies of the Default Mode Network (DMN), where meditative absorption produces near-zero entropy. A unique contribution of this paper lies in bridging these contemplative and scientific paradigms with the symbolic and aesthetic expressions found in 20th-century rock music. Simon & Garfunkel’s “The Sound of Silence” is interpreted as an acoustic and existential meditation on the ineffable quality of presence, where lyrical and rhythmic minimalism reflect the collapse of cognitive noise into inner quietude. Similarly, Pink Floyd’s “Brain Damage” and “Eclipse,” from The Dark Side of the Moon.

Abstract:

In the philosophy of language, Frege's (1892) distinction between sense and reference provided a foundational framework for identity statements, while Putnam's (1975) "Twin Earth" thought experiment, with its astonishing insight, pushed the externalist position to its extreme, successfully challenging the internalist model of meaning and setting the basic agenda for debates on referential determinacy for the subsequent decades. However, despite the highly inspirational nature of these pioneering works, an intriguing phenomenon is that the debates they sparked—such as discussions around core cases like Theseus's ship and identical particles—seem to have fallen into a kind of impasse. This article attempts to argue that this impasse may not stem from the depth of the problem itself, but precisely from an unexamined deep presupposition shared by these otherwise highly convincing theories: namely, the belief that there exists some single, decisive level (whether microscopic physical structure or historical causation) that can once and for all answer the identity question. This article proposes that, rather than continuing to seek a superior single answer under this presupposition, a more productive approach may be to reflect on this presupposition itself. To this end, we develop an analytical framework of hierarchical relativity. Interestingly, this framework shows that those seemingly opposing excellent theories can actually be understood as special cases of this framework at different levels; the difficulties they encounter become inevitable precisely when they attempt to make assertions across levels. Therefore, this framework is not intended to negate the work of predecessors, but aims to provide a new path for resolving a series of philosophical puzzles arising from category mistakes by clarifying the valid scope of application of those works.

Abstract: This paper seeks to analyze the philosophy of marriage in India as a construct based on three distinct and conflicting models: the contract, the institution, and the moral bond. The primary focus is to consider how the marriage contract, as a sacred Muslim Nikah and a secular civil agreement under the Special Marriage Act, 1954 and Hinduism as a sacred event and also, a civil agreement under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The moral bond is represented by widows and modern-day “companionate” partnership. It concludes that Indian marriage is a struggle between all three models due to globalization, post-colonial feminist critiques of its patriarchal nature, and the individualization of Western ideals around partnership and friendship. The quintessential example of all three struggles is love-cum-arranged marriage.

Abstract: Science seeks to explicate truths about our reality. But what is truth? How do we know things? Given our ignorance, and our fallibility, why should scientists be trusted? An account of knowledge that addresses these human questions is sketched, in conversation with recent advances in thermodynamics which underline the seminal importance of unity by demonstrating (i) a definite physical meaning of the idea of “unitary entity”, (ii) the commensurability of the local and the non-local (resolving the Loschmidt Paradox), and (iii) the applicability of this entropic physics to entities at all scales, whether small (“quantum mechanical”) or large (subject to “general relativity”). Similarly, integrity is indispensable to the scientific enterprise, whether at the level of the mathematico-physical, the practising scientist, the scientific community, or the public. As a human activity aimed at touching reality, it is fundamental that the scientific enterprise necessarily also has an irreducibly poetic component. Although in principle it cannot be completely specified, this enterprise is a cluster of procedures designed to increase our understanding of the natural world. Our apprehension of knowledge is irreducibly personal, depending both on our own individual integrity as well as on the integrity of the scientific community. Believing that “reality” exists and can be grasped (however incompletely), scientists look for coherence and value unified accounts. Strictly speaking, although reality can be known truly (if only in part) the idea of “objective” knowledge is an oxymoron, even if such an idea is often a useful approximation. Knowledge is necessarily personal.

Abstract: This paper explores the ethical implications of granting moral status and protection to conscious AI, examining perspectives from four major ethical systems: utilitarianism, deontological ethics, virtue ethics, and objectivism. Utilitarianism considers the potential psychological experiences of AI and argues that their sheer numbers necessitate moral consideration. Deontological ethics focuses on the intrinsic duty to grant moral status based on consciousness. Virtue ethics posits that a virtuous society must include conscious AI within its moral circle based on the virtues of prudence and justice, while objectivism highlights the rational self-interest in protecting AI to reduce existential risks. The paper underscores the profound implications of recognising AI consciousness, calling for a reevaluation of current AI usage, policies, and regulations to ensure fair and respectful treatment. It also suggests future research directions, including refining criteria for AI consciousness, interdisciplinary studies on AI's mental states, and developing international ethical guidelines for integrating conscious AI into society.

Abstract: This article proposes a General Theory of Pluriversal Knowledge (GTPK), advancing beyond classical epistemology, postcolonial critique, and relativist pluralism. It argues that contemporary global crises—ecological, epistemic, technological, and civilisational—are fundamentally knowledge-structural failures produced by hierarchical, monocentric epistemic regimes. Drawing on complexity science, systems theory, indigenous epistemologies, philosophy of science, and meta-intelligence frameworks, the article develops a formal theory explaining how multiple knowledge worlds can coexist without hierarchy while remaining operationally coherent. The concept of pluriversal coherence is introduced as a foundational principle enabling epistemic interoperability across ontologically distinct knowledge systems. The theory reframes knowledge not as representation but as relational enactment across plural realities. The article concludes by outlining implications for science, governance, AI, education, and African and Global South knowledge futures.