Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Developing Preventative Strategies to Mitigate Thermal Runaway in NMC532-Graphite Cylindrical Cells Using Forensic Simulations

Justin Holloway
,
Muinuddin Maharun
,
Irma Houmadi
ORCID logo ,
Guillaume Remy
,
Louis Piper
ORCID logo ,
Mark Williams
,
Melanie Jayne Loveridge
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 1 February 2024 / Approved: 1 February 2024 / Online: 2 February 2024 (16:03:08 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Holloway, J.; Maharun, M.; Houmadi, I.; Remy, G.; Piper, L.; Williams, M.A.; Loveridge, M.J. Developing Preventative Strategies to Mitigate Thermal Runaway in NMC532-Graphite Cylindrical Cells Using Forensic Simulations. Batteries 2024, 10, 104. Holloway, J.; Maharun, M.; Houmadi, I.; Remy, G.; Piper, L.; Williams, M.A.; Loveridge, M.J. Developing Preventative Strategies to Mitigate Thermal Runaway in NMC532-Graphite Cylindrical Cells Using Forensic Simulations. Batteries 2024, 10, 104.

Abstract

The ubiquitous deployment of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in more demanding applications has reinforced the need to understand root-causes of thermal runaway. Herein we perform a forensic simulation of a real-case failure scenario, using localised heating of Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O2 versus graphite 18650 cylindrical cells. This study determined the localised temperatures that would lead to venting and thermal runaway of these cells, as well as correlating the gases produced as a function of degradation pathway. Catastrophic failure, involving melting (with internal cell temperatures exceeding 1085°C), deformation and ejection of cell componentry, was induced by locally applying 200 °C and 250 °C to a fully charged cell. Conversely, catastrophic failure was not observed when the same temperatures were applied to the cells at lower state of charge (SOC). This work highlights the importance of SOC, chemistry and heat in driving the thermal failure mode of Ni-rich LIB cells, allowing for a better understanding of battery safety and associated design improvements.

Keywords

catastrophic failure; lithium‐ion battery; thermal runaway; cylindrical cell design; battery safety

Subject

Physical Sciences, Chemical Physics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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