Anti-Inﬂammatory Eﬀect and Toxicological Proﬁle of Mucoadhesive Gel from Agro-Industrial Residues of Agave sisalana and Punica granatum

Julia Amanda Rodrigues Fracasso; Debora de Barros Barbosa; Luísa Taynara Silvério Da Costa; Lucas Pires Guarnier; João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes; Fernando Yutaka De Ferreira; Luan Victor Coelho De Almeida; Beatriz de Castro Lima; Ingrid Yuri Galindo-Sikina; Valdecir Farias Ximenes; Desirre Venkli; Amanda Martins Viel; Lucinéia Dos Santos

doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0631.v1

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preprints.org > chemistry and materials science > biomaterials > doi: 10.20944/preprints202310.0631.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Anti-Inﬂammatory Eﬀect and Toxicological Proﬁle of Mucoadhesive Gel from Agro-Industrial Residues of Agave sisalana and Punica granatum

Julia Amanda Rodrigues Fracasso

^* ,

Debora de Barros Barbosa

Luísa Taynara Silvério Da Costa

Lucas Pires Guarnier

João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes

Fernando Yutaka De Ferreira

Luan Victor Coelho De Almeida

Beatriz de Castro Lima

Ingrid Yuri Galindo-Sikina

Valdecir Farias Ximenes

Desirre Venkli

Amanda Martins Viel

Lucinéia Dos Santos

Version 1 : Received: 10 October 2023 / Approved: 10 October 2023 / Online: 11 October 2023 (04:43:07 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Fracasso, J.A.R.; Sikina, I.Y.G.; da Costa, L.T.S.; Guarnier, L.P.; Ribeiro-Paes, J.T.; de Ferreira, F.Y.; de Almeida, L.V.C.; de Castro Silva, B.; de Barros Barbosa, D.; Ximenes, V.F.; Venkli, D.; Viel, A.M.; dos Santos, L. Toxicological Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Mucoadhesive Gel from Residues of Agave sisalana and Punica granatum. Gels 2023, 9, 942. Fracasso, J.A.R.; Sikina, I.Y.G.; da Costa, L.T.S.; Guarnier, L.P.; Ribeiro-Paes, J.T.; de Ferreira, F.Y.; de Almeida, L.V.C.; de Castro Silva, B.; de Barros Barbosa, D.; Ximenes, V.F.; Venkli, D.; Viel, A.M.; dos Santos, L. Toxicological Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Mucoadhesive Gel from Residues of Agave sisalana and Punica granatum. Gels 2023, 9, 942.

Abstract

The plants Agave sisalana (sisal) and Punica granatum (pomegranate) are rich in saponins, which are secondary metabolites known for their therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory effects. Although, Brazil is the world's leading sisal producer, approximately 95% of the leaves are discarded after fiber extraction. Similarly, pomegranate peel waste is abundant in Brazil. To address the need for safe and effective anti-inflammatory treatments. This study aimed to create a topical mucoadhesive gel containing a combination of sisal (RS) and pomegranate residue ex-tracts (PR). In vitro experiments examined isolated and combined extracts, as well as the result-ing formulation, focusing on: 1) phytochemical analysis (total saponin content); 2) cytotoxicity (MTT assay); and 3) pharmacological assessment of anti-inflammatory activity (phagocytosis, macrophage spreading, and membrane stability).Results revealed saponin concentrations in grams per 100 grams of dry extract as follows: SR - 29.91 ± 0.33, PR - 15.83 ± 0.93, Association (A) - 22.99 ± 0.01, Gel Base (G1) - 0.00 ± 0.00, and Association Gel (G2) - 0.52 ± 0.05. In MTT tests for isolated extracts, cytotoxicity values (µg/mL) were 3757.00 for SR and 2064.91 for PR. Converse-ly, A and G2 exhibited no cytotoxicity, with increased cell viability over time. All three anti-inflammatory tests confirmed the presence of this activity in SR, PR, and A. Notably, G2 demon-strated an anti-inflammatory effect comparable to dexamethasone.In conclusion, the gel contain-ing SR and PR holds promise as a novel herbal anti-inflammatory treatment. Its development could yield economic, social, and environmental benefits by utilizing discarded materials in Brazil.

Keywords

Herbal; Inﬂammation; Saponins

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Biomaterials

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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