Version 1
: Received: 13 September 2023 / Approved: 14 September 2023 / Online: 15 September 2023 (05:29:05 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 21 September 2023 / Approved: 22 September 2023 / Online: 25 September 2023 (04:57:15 CEST)
Version 3
: Received: 3 October 2023 / Approved: 3 October 2023 / Online: 3 October 2023 (10:47:48 CEST)
Version 4
: Received: 5 January 2024 / Approved: 5 January 2024 / Online: 5 January 2024 (15:40:05 CET)
How to cite:
Umar, K. Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints2023, 2023091002. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v3
Umar, K. Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints 2023, 2023091002. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v3
Umar, K. Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints2023, 2023091002. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v3
APA Style
Umar, K. (2023). Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v3
Chicago/Turabian Style
Umar, K. 2023 "Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v3
Abstract
Dark energy and dark matter are described as different manifestations of vacuum energy within the framework of Extra Dimensional Symmetry (EDS) that doubles large spatial dimensions with microscopic partners. In this framework, the bare vacuum energy component exists in a gravitationally inert state where actual gravitational constant Go= 0G, while real particles oscillate between this inert state and the active state where Go = 2G. Neutrinos induce small component of the gravitational constant in the inert state, causing the gravitation of virtual particles as dark matter. A small component of vacuum energy from the inert state also spills into the gravitationally active state as dark energy due to an energy density constraint and a speed limit asymmetry. This form of dark energy and dark matter, are parameterized by a gravitational potential suppressed asymmetry parameter. The dynamics of dark matter is further parameterized by the flavour, phase and kinetic energy parameters of its neutrino substrate. This results in the existence of a dominant light form of dark matter and a detectable heavy form of dark matter. EDS predicts a curvature suppressed Gravitational Wave Reheating (GWR) mechanism, enhanced by negative pressure. It converts gravitational wave energy to photon energy.
Keywords
dark energy; dark matter; extra dimension; gravity; neutrino; vacuum energy
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
3 October 2023
Commenter:
Kabir Umar
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
The citations of the figures were corrected to be in numerical order, A reference was inserted to reflect recent result from the ALPHA collaboration confirming the gravitational attraction of antimatter. It replaces Refrence 12 in the previous version.
Commenter: Kabir Umar
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author