Version 1
: Received: 13 September 2023 / Approved: 14 September 2023 / Online: 15 September 2023 (05:29:05 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 21 September 2023 / Approved: 22 September 2023 / Online: 25 September 2023 (04:57:15 CEST)
Version 3
: Received: 3 October 2023 / Approved: 3 October 2023 / Online: 3 October 2023 (10:47:48 CEST)
Version 4
: Received: 5 January 2024 / Approved: 5 January 2024 / Online: 5 January 2024 (15:40:05 CET)
How to cite:
Umar, K. Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints2023, 2023091002. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v2
Umar, K. Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints 2023, 2023091002. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v2
Umar, K. Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints2023, 2023091002. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v2
APA Style
Umar, K. (2023). Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Umar, K. 2023 "Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Extra Dimensional Symmetry as Different Manifestations of Vacuum Energy" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1002.v2
Abstract
Dark energy and dark matter are described as different manifestations of vacuum energy within the framework of Extra Dimensional Symmetry (EDS) that doubles large spatial dimensions with microscopic partners. In this framework, the bare vacuum energy component exists in a gravitationally inert state where actual gravitational constant Go= 0G, while real particles oscillate between this inert state and the active state where Go = 2G. Neutrinos induce small component of the gravitational constant in the inert state, causing the gravitation of virtual particles as dark matter. A small component of vacuum energy from the inert state also spills into the gravitationally active state as dark energy due to an energy density constraint and a speed limit asymmetry. This form of dark energy and dark matter, are parameterized by a gravitational potential suppressed asymmetry parameter. The dynamics of dark matter is further parameterized by the flavour, phase and kinetic energy parameters of its neutrino substrate. This results in the existence of a dominant light form of dark matter and a detectable heavy form of dark matter. EDS predicts a curvature suppressed Gravitational Wave Reheating (GWR) mechanism, enhanced by negative pressure. It converts gravitational wave energy to photon energy.
Keywords
dark energy; dark matter; extra dimension; gravity; neutrino; vacuum energy
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
25 September 2023
Commenter:
Kabir Umar
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
The title was changed by adding Extra Dimensional Symmetry to reflect the framework that was used. The abstract was reduced to a 200 word limit. In Figure 1 and 8, the S0 =-1d label was corrected, while the Equation numbering was aligned to the right. Section 7 was changed from summary and conclusion to discussion and conclusion. In Equation 22, the flavour parameter was added to the rest term and the parameter space of the phase parameter in the kinetic term was freed to range from zero to one. While the phase parameter is conditioned to always get frozen at its zero value, it gets displaced from zero by disturbances such as gravitational wave reheating. It then rises to one (active phase) before falling back to zero (inert phase) within a time period t.
Commenter: Kabir Umar
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author