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: Received: 13 July 2023 / Approved: 17 July 2023 / Online: 17 July 2023 (05:04:25 CEST)
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How to cite:
Gibbons, M. Net Energy Gain from a Berry Geometrical Phase: Low-Energy Perturbations of the Strong Interaction and the QCD Mass Gap. Preprints2023, 2023071051. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1051.v5
Gibbons, M. Net Energy Gain from a Berry Geometrical Phase: Low-Energy Perturbations of the Strong Interaction and the QCD Mass Gap. Preprints 2023, 2023071051. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1051.v5
Gibbons, M. Net Energy Gain from a Berry Geometrical Phase: Low-Energy Perturbations of the Strong Interaction and the QCD Mass Gap. Preprints2023, 2023071051. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1051.v5
APA Style
Gibbons, M. (2023). Net Energy Gain from a Berry Geometrical Phase: Low-Energy Perturbations of the Strong Interaction and the QCD Mass Gap. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1051.v5
Chicago/Turabian Style
Gibbons, M. 2023 "Net Energy Gain from a Berry Geometrical Phase: Low-Energy Perturbations of the Strong Interaction and the QCD Mass Gap" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.1051.v5
Abstract
A Berry geometrical phase is identified in a strongly metastable system containing dynamically responsive clathrate hydrate structures within a crystal-fluid material. High energy degeneracy in the associated chemistry produces local stability and false vacuum conditions that lead to non-extensive and non-additive contributions in the fundamental thermodynamic relation. The reciprocating action of a piston expander confirms a net energy gain despite the crystal-fluid material maintaining almost constant density. The property of asymptotic freedom is uncovered in the associated condensed matter and quantum mechanical descriptions providing evidence for scale-invariance that dominates both the macro- and micro-scales of an associated Ginzburg-Landau superconducting phase transition. Application of Ginzburg-Landau theory and the scaling laws reveal a coherence length and a penetration depth for a macro-scale dual superconductor. The coherence length determines non-extensive volume changes whilst its inverse gives the Higgs mass. The penetration depth determines the extent of QCD vacuum suppression whilst its inverse gives the vector boson mass together with its indirect manifestation as non-additive hyperbolic curvature. External pressure perturbations of the low-energy system initiate ‘rolling’ critical responses that see energy and momentum conserved across a synchronized U(2) symmetry group whilst a complex gauge field is also exposed. Simultaneous emergence of the Ginzburg-Landau superconducting phase transition is consistent with gauge-invariant coupling of this scalar field to the Yang-Mills action of QCD. The discovery of an energy gap in the gradient energy term of the system Lagrangian is associated with a critical correlation length revealed in the transition from a gapped to a gapless superconducting state. Together with the emergence and absorption of the Higgs-like scalar field, a mechanism for describing the QCD mass gap arises.
Keywords
Berry geometrical phase; symmetry groups; self-organized criticality; dual superconductivity; scale- and gauge-invariance; hyperbolic curvature; false vacuum; QCD mass gap
Subject
Physical Sciences, Particle and Field Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Mark Gibbons
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author