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Response Surface Optimisation for the Development of Novel Ganoderic Acid Encapsulated Nanodispersions Using the Combination of Ultrasonic Cavitation and Solvent Evaporation Strategies
Cheng, W.K.; Tan, K.W.; Tang, S.Y.; Cheng, P.G.; Pang, C.H.; Tao, Y.; Manickam, S. The Development of Novel Ganoderic-Acid-Encapsulated Nanodispersions Using the Combination of Ultrasonic Cavitation and Solvent Evaporation through Response Surface Optimization. Sustainability2023, 15, 9929.
Cheng, W.K.; Tan, K.W.; Tang, S.Y.; Cheng, P.G.; Pang, C.H.; Tao, Y.; Manickam, S. The Development of Novel Ganoderic-Acid-Encapsulated Nanodispersions Using the Combination of Ultrasonic Cavitation and Solvent Evaporation through Response Surface Optimization. Sustainability 2023, 15, 9929.
Cheng, W.K.; Tan, K.W.; Tang, S.Y.; Cheng, P.G.; Pang, C.H.; Tao, Y.; Manickam, S. The Development of Novel Ganoderic-Acid-Encapsulated Nanodispersions Using the Combination of Ultrasonic Cavitation and Solvent Evaporation through Response Surface Optimization. Sustainability2023, 15, 9929.
Cheng, W.K.; Tan, K.W.; Tang, S.Y.; Cheng, P.G.; Pang, C.H.; Tao, Y.; Manickam, S. The Development of Novel Ganoderic-Acid-Encapsulated Nanodispersions Using the Combination of Ultrasonic Cavitation and Solvent Evaporation through Response Surface Optimization. Sustainability 2023, 15, 9929.
Abstract
Ganoderic Acid (GA), a major bioactive compound isolated from an oriental medicinal mushroom, i.e. Ganoderma tsugae, has traditionally been found to have significant medicinal properties. As a result of GA's poor solubility in water, formulation poses several challenges. Additionally, the traditional method of administering it via alcohol always results in unfavorable patient side effects. In order to overcome these problems, Ganoderma Tsugae extracts obtained by ethanol extraction were encapsulated in nanodispersions by ultrasonic cavitation and solvent evaporation to maximise bioavailability. Resultant nanodispersions contained Ganoderic acid in a hydrophobic core with a mean particle size of no more than 200 nm and a very narrow particle distribution. An analysis of the interactions between the control variables and the process optimisation was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Based on the results of the experiment, it was found that the particle size of nanodispersions was influenced by the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) number and the evaporation temperature. Moreover, the physical stability of micellar systems is generally determined by the organic phase within them. Regarding formulation stability, the zeta average of the nanodispersions remained virtually unchanged in solutions with different pH levels and short-term storage (14 days) at room temperature. Overall, it has been demonstrated that Ganoderic acid nanodispersions can be efficiently generated by combining ultrasound cavitation and solvent evaporation.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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