Recycling strategies of mine tailing, and its technical and practical considerations

Mining is an important industry that provides products and services through infrastructure systems worldwide. However, the global development promotes the steady growth and accelerated demand for minerals, resulting in the accumulation of hazardous waste in land, sea and air environments and, consequently a series of environmental and health problems. Restoration techniques from mining tailing have become increasingly discussed among scholars due to their potential to offer benefits over reducing tailings levels, thereby reducing environmental pressure for the correct management and adding value to previously discarded waste. This review paper critically explores available literature on the main techniques of mining tailing recycling, and discusses leading recycling technologies, including the benefits and limitations, as well as emerging prospects. The findings of this review serve as a supporting reference for decision-makers concerning the related sustainability issues associated with mining, mineral processing and solid waste management.