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: Received: 14 July 2016 / Approved: 14 July 2016 / Online: 14 July 2016 (11:01:36 CEST)
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: Received: 12 December 2016 / Approved: 13 December 2016 / Online: 13 December 2016 (10:19:44 CET)
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: Received: 14 December 2016 / Approved: 14 December 2016 / Online: 14 December 2016 (09:12:35 CET)
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: Received: 14 March 2017 / Approved: 14 March 2017 / Online: 14 March 2017 (13:33:44 CET)
Version 5
: Received: 12 February 2019 / Approved: 15 February 2019 / Online: 15 February 2019 (09:07:52 CET)
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: Received: 26 May 2019 / Approved: 27 May 2019 / Online: 27 May 2019 (11:41:31 CEST)
Version 7
: Received: 30 July 2020 / Approved: 31 July 2020 / Online: 31 July 2020 (03:42:27 CEST)
How to cite:
Fu, X.; Fu, Z. Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement. Preprints2016, 2016070028. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201607.0028.v4
Fu, X.; Fu, Z. Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement. Preprints 2016, 2016070028. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201607.0028.v4
Fu, X.; Fu, Z. Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement. Preprints2016, 2016070028. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201607.0028.v4
APA Style
Fu, X., & Fu, Z. (2017). Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201607.0028.v4
Chicago/Turabian Style
Fu, X. and Zitao Fu. 2017 "Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201607.0028.v4
Abstract
In a vacuum tube, two identical and parallel Ag-O-Cs surfaces, with a work function of approximately 0.8eV, ceaselessly emit thermal electrons at room temperature. The thermal electrons are so controlled by a static uniform magnetic field that they can fly only from one Ag-O-Cs surface to the other, resulting in a potential difference and an electric current, and transferring a power to a resistance outside the tube. The ambient air is a single-temperature heat reservoir in the experiment, and all the heat extracted by the tube from the air is converted into electric energy without producing other effects. The authors maintain that the experiment is in contradiction to the Kelvin statement of the second law of thermodynamics. We have a video on you tube showing the main measuring process of the experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyrtC2nQ_UU.
Keywords
Maxwell’s demon; entropy decreasing; energy regeneration; energy circulation
Subject
Physical Sciences, Thermodynamics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
