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Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis: A Heat-Electric Conversion in Contradiction to the Kelvin Statement

Xinyong Fu  *,†,Zitao Fu  ‡

  † This author retired in1998 (at 60 ).

  ‡ This author is now a manager in a company in Shanghai.

Submitted:

12 December 2016

Posted:

13 December 2016

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Abstract
In a vacuum tube, two identical and parallel Ag-O-Cs surfaces, with a work function of approximately 0.8eV, ceaselessly emit thermal electrons at room temperature. The thermal electrons are so controlled by a static uniform magnetic field that they can fly only from one Ag-O-Cs surface to the other, resulting in a potential difference and an electric current, and transferring a power to a resistance outside the tube. The ambient air is a single heat reservoir in the experiment, and all the heat extracted by the tube from the air is converted into electric energy without producing other effect. The authors maintain that the experiment is in contradiction to the Kelvin statement of the second law of thermodynamics. We have a video on you tube showing the main measuring process of the experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyrtC2nQ_UU.
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Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
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