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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0192.v1

Whey Protein, Soy Protein Isolate Hydrolysate, and Amino Acid Mixture in Adaptation to Physical Stress of Rats

Nikita Pozdnyakov, Maxim Molchanov, Tatyana Ponomareva, Vladimir Rykov, Alexander Lukin, Sergey Shilov, Evgeny Sogorin

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: soy protein isolate; protein hydrolysate; soy protein peptides; physical load; food efficacy and safety; NMR blood test; blood metabolites; forced swimming

Online: 14 September 2022 (04:57:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202209.0189.v1

Realignment of tRNA Variable Loops, the 3-31 nt Minihelix Theorem and Consequences for the Origin of Life

Lei Lei, Zachary Frome Burton

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; chemical evolution; origin of life; primordial tRNA; RNA inverted repeats; RNA repeats; tRNA; tRNAome; variable loop

Online: 14 September 2022 (03:48:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0497.v1

Culture of Cancer Cells at Physiological Oxygen Levels Affects Gene Expression in a Cell-Type Specific Manner

Ricardo Alva, Fereshteh Moradi, Ping Liang, Jeff Stuart

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: oxygen; physioxia; hyperoxia; cell culture; transcriptomics; differential gene expression

Online: 29 August 2022 (14:46:44 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0265.v1

The Function of Histone Modifications in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Amin Foroughi Nezhad

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Post-translational modifications; Epigenetics; Histone Phosphorylation; Histone Ubiquitination; Histone methylation; inflammation; proinflammatory cytokines; DNA methylation; COPD

Online: 15 August 2022 (15:10:21 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0210.v1

A Comparative Study of ROS Production and Cytotoxicity Induced by Combinations of Thiols with HOCbl and CNCbl

Yuri V. Shatalin, Victoria S. Shubina, Marina E. Solovieva, Vladimir S. Akatov

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: hydroxocobalamin; cyanocobalamin; thiolatocobalamins; thiol oxidation; ROS production; cytotoxicity

Online: 11 August 2022 (06:17:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0152.v1

The N-terminal Part of the 1A Domain of Desmin Is a Hot Spot Region for Putative Pathogenic DES Mutations Affecting the Filament Assembly

Andreas Brodehl, Stephanie Holler, Jan Gummert, Hendrik Milting

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Desmin; Myopathy; Cardiomyopathy; Intermediate Filaments; Cytoskeleton; Myofibrillar Myopathy (MFM); Desminopathy; Desmosomes; Protein Aggregation.

Online: 8 August 2022 (10:48:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0043.v1

Upregulation of Cytoglobin in 3D-cultures of Head and Neck Cancer Cells: Role of Hypoxia and Implications for Cisplatin Resistance

Garret Rochford, Rameeza Basar, Rose Dhiman, Djeren Simitdjioglu, Lorna S Thorne, Lakis Liloglou, Janet M. Risk, Nikolas J Hodges

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: cytoglobin; spheroids; hypoxia; HIF1A; head and neck cancer

Online: 2 August 2022 (06:23:18 CEST)

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Cytoglobin has been implicated in a range of pathological conditions including fibrosis and cancer, where cytoglobin expression is linked to hypoxia- and drug-resistance. One disease where there is evidence of a role for cytoglobin is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, a disease with a poor prognosis and where clinical resistance to platinum-based drugs is common. In the current study, we demonstrate that 3D-culture of head and neck cancer cells (PE/CA-PJ41, Liv-22K) and normal oral keratinocyte cells (NOK-hTERT) results in changes in sensitivity to cisplatin cytotoxicity compared to 2D-cultures. Relative to 2D-cultures, 3D-cultures of PE/CA-PJ41 and NOK-hTERT cells demonstrated increased cisplatin resistance. In contrast, 3D-cultures of Liv-22K cells were more sensitive to cisplatin. Evidence for cisplatin genotoxicity was observed in the form of GADD45A activation in PE/CA-PJ41 cells but not the other two cell types investigated. Furthermore, DNA-strand breaks were also detected by the alkaline comet assay in PE/CA-PJ41 cells although levels were not significantly affected by 3D-culture. Cytoglobin expression levels were elevated by 3D-culture in all three cell lines investigated and there were also changes in expression of genes related to cell division (MKI57, GJB6), cell adhesion (CDH1), stress response (NFkB, NQO1) and apoptosis (Casp3) but these changes were cell line specific. We also observed consistent transcriptional activation of HIF1a in 3D-cultures of all three cell lines, suggestive of hypoxic conditions in spheroids. In support of a direct role of hypoxia in cytoglobin induction, the HIF1a stabiliser cobalt chloride also induced cytoglobin expression in spheroids. Transcriptomic profiling of PE/CA-PJ41 cells over-expressing cytoglobin identified 121 differentially regulated genes, when cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions. Major changes identified included, upregulation of G1/S cell cycle regulation as well as wnt- and RhoGTPase-signalling pathways. In conclusion, 3D-cultures are a useful model to further study the biological function of cytoglobin in head and neck cancer and we provide evidence that further supports a role for cytoglobin in hypoxia-dependent cellular proliferation and phenotypic changes that could contribute to cisplatin resistance in vivo.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0029.v1

Elucidation of the Correlation between Heme Distortion and Tertiary Structure of the Heme-Binding Pocket Using A Convolutional Neural Network

Hiroko X. Kondo, Hiroyuki Iizuka, Gen Masumoto, Yuichi Kabaya, Yusuke Kanematsu, Yu Takano

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: heme distortion; pocket conformation; convolutional neural network; machine learning

Online: 2 August 2022 (03:20:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0028.v1

Depolarizing Effects in Hydrogen Bond Energy in 3₁₀-Helices Revealed by Quantum Chemical Analysis

Hiroko X. Kondo, Haruki Nakamura, Yu Takano

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: 310-helix; hydrogen bond energy; density functional theory; negative fragmentation analysis

Online: 2 August 2022 (03:15:55 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202208.0004.v1

High-Purity Corundum as Support for Affinity Extractions from Complex Samples

Jule L. Völzke, Parya Hodjat Shamami, Kornelia Gawlitza, Ines Feldmann, Annett Zimathies, Michael G. Weller

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: protein affinity enrichment; bioseparation; immunoprecipitation; immunocapture; affinity chro-matography; solid phase; carrier; material; corundum; polyglycerol; aromatic amino acid analysis; self-assembled monolayers (SAM), periodate oxidation; reductive amination; antibodies; IgG; im-munoglobulins; glutaraldehyde; polyglycerol; hyperbranched polymer

Online: 1 August 2022 (04:42:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0435.v1

The Magnetosome Protein, Mms6, is a Lipid-Activated Ferric Reductase

Dilini Singappuli-Arachchige, Shuren Feng, Lijun Wang, Pierre E. Palo, Samuel O. Shobade, Michelle Thomas, Marit Nilsen-Hamilton

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Mms6; ferric reductase; lipid; bicelles

Online: 28 July 2022 (09:00:18 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0379.v1

Leukotrienes vs. Montelukast – Activity, Metabolism, and Toxicity Hints for Repurposing

Cátia F. Marques, M. Matilde Marques, Gonçalo C. Justino

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Montelukast; Leukotrienes; Adverse drug reactions; Repurposing

Online: 26 July 2022 (03:27:37 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0337.v1

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Cryopreserved Human Umbilical Cord Tissue Allograft for the Supplementation of Cartilage Defects Associated to Knee Osteoarthritis: An Observational Data Collection Study

Justine Davis, Scott Martin, Mitchell Sheinkop, Tyler Barrett

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Wharton's jelly; Regenerative Medicine; Osteoarthritis; Cartilage Defects

Online: 22 July 2022 (13:08:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0297.v1

Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Human Umbilical Cord Tissue Allograft Pre and Post Processing: A Literature Comparison

Justine Davis, Scott Martin, Joseph Purita, John Shou, Tyler Barrett

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Wharton's Jelly; Minimal Manipulation; Structural Tissue Defect

Online: 20 July 2022 (07:39:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0208.v1

Construction of 2DE-Patterns of Plasma Proteins: Aspect of Potential Tumor Markers

Stanislav Naryzhny, Natalia Ronzhina, Elena Zorina, Fedor Kabachenko, Nikolay Klopov, Victor Zgoda

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: plasma; biomarker; proteomics; 2DE; proteoform; pattern

Online: 14 July 2022 (10:14:23 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0144.v1

PKCeta Promotes Stress-induced Autophagy and Senescence in Breast Cancer Cells, Presenting A Target for Therapy

Noa Rotem-Dai, Amitha Muraleedharan, Etta Livneh

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Protein Kinase C; PKCeta; autophagy; senescence; chemoresistance; oxidative stress; ER stress; 3MA; chloroquine

Online: 10 July 2022 (06:42:23 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0108.v1

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Curved Lipid Membranes

Andreas Haahr Larsen

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: membrane curvature; molecular dynamics; simulations; BAR domain; trafficking

Online: 7 July 2022 (04:19:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0147.v3

The DARPin Encyclopedia: from Basic Research towards Therapeutics

Philipp Wild, Rohan Eapen, Patrik Forrer, Christian Jost

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Designed Ankyrin Repeat protein; DARPin; drug development; ensovibep; abicipar pegol

Online: 21 June 2022 (10:21:27 CEST)

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The adaptive immune system in vertebrates comes in two flavors. Historically, adaptive immunity focused on the study of immunoglobulins (also referred to as Ig-based antibodies herein); more recently, jawless vertebrates were found to use an entirely different class of proteins for their adaptive immunesystem. Specifically, these organisms express variable lymphocyte receptors (so called VLR antibodies) that create diversity based on the rearrangement of leucine-rich repeats. Meanwhile, various, naturally occurring repeat motifs have been used as building blocks for the design of artificial binding scaffolds which, among others, include designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). Such binding scaffolds are also referred to as non-Ig-based antibodies or non-Ig scaffolds herein). DARPins display several benefits such as a low molecular weight (~15 kDa), high thermal stability, high specificity and affinity, versatility (e.g., in terms of valency and multi-specificity), speedy preclinical development, low production costs and, thus, bear the potential to not only complement existing therapeutic Ig-based antibodies but also open up novel therapeutic strategies. The first generation DARPin therapeutic abicipar pegol has completed two Phase III studies in 2020 while several other DARPin drug candidates are currently undergoing clinical validation. Most recently, the rapid development of tri-specific SARSCoV-2 DARPin therapeutics showcases the immense potential of recombinant repeat proteins in adopting quickly e.g., new forms of target neutralization that a single Ig-based antibody cannot afford. Here, we highlight the design principles of repeat proteins in general and summarize in detail the continuous advancements of the DARPin scaffold that made it one of the most promising antibody mimetics to date. This review provides an overview of current and emerging applications of DARPins as both a research tool and therapeutic drug that can match or even surpass Ig-based antibody applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0287.v1

The Dissipative Photochemical Origin of Life: UVC Abiogenisis of the Purines

Claudeth Clarissa Hernández, Karo Michaelian

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: origin of life; disspative structuring; non-equilibrium thermodynamics; prebiotic chemistry; abiogenisis; adenine; guanine; hypoxanthine; xanthine; purines

Online: 21 June 2022 (05:14:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0147.v2

The DARPin Encyclopedia: from Basic Research Towards Therapeutics

Philipp Wild, Rohan Eapen, Patrik Forrer, Christian Jost

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Designed Ankyrin Repeat protein; DARPin; drug development; ensovibep; abicipar pegol

Online: 15 June 2022 (02:54:19 CEST)

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The adaptive immune system in vertebrates comes in two flavors. Historically, adaptive immunity focused on the study of immunoglobulins (also referred to as Ig-based antibodies herein); more recently, jawless vertebrates were found to use an entirely different class of proteins for their adaptive immunesystem. Specifically, these organisms express variable lymphocyte receptors (so called VLR antibodies) that create diversity based on the rearrangement of leucine-rich repeats. Meanwhile, various, naturally occurring repeat motifs have been used as building blocks for the design of artificial binding scaffolds which, among others, include designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). Such binding scaffolds are also referred to as non-Ig-based antibodies or non-Ig scaffolds herein). DARPins display several benefits such as a low molecular weight (~15 kDa), high thermal stability, high specificity and affinity, versatility (e.g., in terms of valency and multi-specificity), speedy preclinical development, low production costs and, thus, bear the potential to not only complement existing therapeutic Ig-based antibodies but also open up novel therapeutic strategies. The first generation DARPin therapeutic abicipar pegol has completed two Phase III studies in 2020 while several other DARPin drug candidates are currently undergoing clinical validation. Most recently, the rapid development of tri-specific SARSCoV-2 DARPin therapeutics showcases the immense potential of recombinant repeat proteins in adopting quickly e.g., new forms of target neutralization that a single Ig-based antibody cannot afford. Here, we highlight the design principles of repeat proteins in general and summarize in detail the continuous advancements of the DARPin scaffold that made it one of the most promising antibody mimetics to date. This review provides an overview of current and emerging applications of DARPins as both a research tool and therapeutic drug that can match or even surpass Ig-based antibody applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0208.v1

The Integral Core Nutrient Matrix Causing Uterine Fibroid and the Associated Biochemical Roots

Mary A. Okesola, Folasade A. Bello, Olubanke O. Ogunlana, Israel S. Afolabi

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Disease; fibroid; micronutrients; inflammation; antioxidants; cytokines; diets

Online: 15 June 2022 (02:24:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0198.v1

Direct Interaction of Avian Cryptochrome 4 with a Cone Specific G-protein

Katharina Görtemaker, Chad Yee, Rabea Bartölke, Heide Behrmann, Jan-Oliver Voß, Jessica Schmidt, Jingjing Xu, Vita Solovyeva, Bo Leberecht, Elmar Behrmann, Henrik Mouritsen, Karl-Wilhelm Koch

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: magnetoreception; cryptochrome; G protein α-subunit; protein-protein interaction

Online: 14 June 2022 (08:37:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0147.v1

The DARPin Encyclopedia: from Basic Research Towards Therapeutics

Philipp Wild, Rohan Eapen, Patrik Forrer, Christian Jost

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Designed Ankyrin Repeat protein; DARPin; drug development; ensovibep; abicipar pegol

Online: 10 June 2022 (04:20:57 CEST)

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The adaptive immune system in vertebrates comes in two flavors. Historically, adaptive immunity focused on the study of immunoglobulins (also referred to as Ig-based antibodies herein); more recently, jawless vertebrates were found to use an entirely different class of proteins for their adaptive immunesystem. Specifically, these organisms express variable lymphocyte receptors (so called VLR antibodies) that create diversity based on the rearrangement of leucine-rich repeats. Meanwhile, various, naturally occurring repeat motifs have been used as building blocks for the design of artificial binding scaffolds which, among others, include designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). Such binding scaffolds are also referred to as non-Ig-based antibodies or non-Ig scaffolds herein). DARPins display several benefits such as a low molecular weight (~15 kDa), high thermal stability, high specificity and affinity, versatility (e.g., in terms of valency and multi-specificity), speedy preclinical development, low production costs and, thus, bear the potential to not only complement existing therapeutic Ig-based antibodies but also open up novel therapeutic strategies. The first generation DARPin therapeutic abicipar pegol has completed two Phase III studies in 2020 while several other DARPin drug candidates are currently undergoing clinical validation. Most recently, the rapid development of tri-specific SARSCoV-2 DARPin therapeutics showcases the immense potential of recombinant repeat proteins in adopting quickly e.g., new forms of target neutralization that a single Ig-based antibody cannot afford. Here, we highlight the design principles of repeat proteins in general and summarize in detail the continuous advancements of the DARPin scaffold that made it one of the most promising antibody mimetics to date. This review provides an overview of current and emerging applications of DARPins as both a research tool and therapeutic drug that can match or even surpass Ig-based antibody applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0139.v1

Profiling The Effect of Targeting Wild Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) on the Cellular Metabolome of Leukemic Cells

Mohammed Razeeth Shait Mohammed, Faisal Alzahrani, Salman Hosawi, Hani Choudhry, Mohammad Imran Khan

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Leukemia; Metabolomics; IDH; OXPHOS

Online: 9 June 2022 (08:29:40 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202206.0030.v1

New Insights into the Boron Essentiality on Humans and Animals

Andrei Bita, Ion Romulus Scorei, Tudor Adrian Balseanu, Maria Viorica Ciocilteu, Antonia Radu, George Dan Mogosanu, Steven A. Benner

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: naturally organic boron containing compounds; prebiotic candidate; microbiome; intestinal microflora; symbiosis

Online: 2 June 2022 (09:04:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0030.v3

A Structured Guide for Implementing a Flipped Classroom

Pierre Poulain, Héloïse Dufour, Mickaël Bertrand, Antoine Taly

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Teaching; Flipped classroom

Online: 24 May 2022 (11:29:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0365.v3

Effects of Data Quality and Quantity on Deep Learning for Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction

Frankie J. Fan, Yun Shi

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: binding affinity prediction; machine learning; data quality; data quantity; deep learning

Online: 23 May 2022 (11:16:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0083.v1

Gene Expression Profile Provides Novel Insights of Fasting-Refeeding Response in Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle

Ritsuko Komine, Takehito Sugasawa, Lev Manevich, Shinsuke Tamai, Kazuhiro Takekoshi, Yasuharu Kanki

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: fasting; refeeding; skeletal muscle; zebrafish; mRNA-sequencing; gene length

Online: 6 May 2022 (14:31:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202205.0021.v1

Molecular Drivers of Multiple and Elevated Resistance to Insecticides in a Population of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae in Agriculture Hotspot of West Cameroon

Arnaud Tepa, Jonas A. Kengne-Ouafo, Valdi S. Djova, Magellan Tchouakui, Leon M. J. Mugenzi, Rousseau Djouaka, Constant A. Pieme, Charles S. Wondji

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Anopheles gambiae; Cameroon; Malaria; Pyrethroids; Resistance Escalation; Cytochrome P450s

Online: 5 May 2022 (05:07:43 CEST)

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(1) Background: Malaria remains a global public health problem. Unfortunately, the resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides commonly used threatens disease control and elimination efforts. Molecular mechanisms helping some malaria vectors to now survive to greater doses of insecticides remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidated the pattern of resistance escalation in the main malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in a pesticide-driven agricultural hotspot in Cameroon and its impact on vector control tools; (2) Methods: Larval stages and indoor blood-fed females (F0) were collected in Mangoum in May and November and forced to lay eggs; the emerging mosquitoes were used for WHO tube, synergist and cone tests. Molecular identification was done using SINE PCR whereas TaqMan-based PCR was used for genotyping of L1014F/S and N1575Y kdr and the G119S-ACE1 resistance markers. Transcription profile of candidate resistance genes was performed using qRT-PCR methods. Characterization of the breeding water and soil from Mangoum was also performed using HPLC technique; (3) Results: An. gambiae s.s. was the only species in Mangoum with 4.10 % infection with Plasmodium. These mosquitoes were resistant to all the four classes of insecticides with mortality rates <7% for pyrethroids and DDT and <54% for carbamates and organophophates. This population also exhibited high resistance intensity to pyrethroids (permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and deltamethrin) after exposure to 5X and 10X discriminating doses and Synergist assays with PBO revealed only a partial recovery of susceptibility to permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Only PBO-based nets (Olyset plus and permaNet 3.0) and Royal Guard showed an optimal efficacy. A high amount of alpha-cypermethrin was detected in breeding sites (5.16 fold LOD) suggesting ongoing selection from agricultural pesticides. The 1014F-kdr allele was fixed (100%) whereas the 1575Y-kdr (37.5%) and the 119S Ace-1R (51.1%) are moderately present. Elevated expression of P450s respectively in permethrin and deltamethrin resistant mosquitoes [CYP6M2 (10 and 34-fold), CYP6Z1(17 and 29-fold), CYP6Z2 (13 and 65-fold), CYP9K1 (13 and 87-fold)] supports their role in the observed resistance besides other mechanisms including chemosensory genes as SAP1 (28 and 13-fold), SAP2 (5 and 5-fold),SAP3 (24 and 8-fold) and cuticular genes as CYP4G16 (6 and 8-fold) and CYP4G17 (5 and 27-fold). However, these candidate genes were not associated with resistance escalation as expression level did not differ significantly between 1x, 5x and 10x surviving mosquitoes. (4) Conclusions: Intensive and multiple resistance is being selected in malaria vectors from pesticide-based agricultural hotspot of Cameroon leading to loss of efficacy of pyrethroid-only nets. Further studies are needed to decipher the molecular basis underlying such resistance escalation to better assess its impact on control interventions.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0236.v1

An Environmentally-Friendly Approach for the Release of Essential Fatty Acids from Cereal By-products Using Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes

Vitalijs Radenkovs, Karina Juhnevica-Radenkova, Jorens Kviesis, Anda Valdovska

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: biorefining; by-products; enzymatic hydrolysis; essential fatty acids; green-extraction; lipids; sustainability

Online: 26 April 2022 (10:37:03 CEST)

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The main intention of the present work was to investigate the ability of cellulose-degrading enzymes (C-DE) to release fatty acids (FAs) from complex matrices of cereal by-products during enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). For this purpose, three types of cereal bran (CB), i.e., wheat, rye, and oat were used as a lignocellulose substrate for three commercially available hydrolytic enzymes, i.e., Viscozyme L, Viscoferm, and Celluclast 1.5 L. The yield and composition of FAs after EH was assessed and confronted with the yield obtained after either conventional Soxhlet extraction or alkaline-assisted hydrolysis (A-AH) with 10% KOH in 80% MeOH and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction. The experimental results demonstrated that up to 6.3% and 43.7% higher total FAs yield can be achieved within EH of rye bran using Celluclast 1.5 L than by A-AH and Soxhlet extraction, respectively. However, the application of Viscoferm for EH of wheat bran ensured up to 7.7% and 13.4% higher total FAs yield than A-AH and Soxhlet extraction, respectively. The concentration of essential linolenic acid (C18:3) in lipids extracted after EH of rye bran with Celluclast 1.5 L was up to 24.4% and 57.0% higher than in lipids recovered by A-AH and Soxhlet extraction, respectively. In turn, the highest content of linolenic in wheat bran lipids was observed after EH with Viscoferm and Viscozyme L, ensuring 17.0 and 13.6% higher yield than after A-AH, respectively. SEM analysis confirmed substantial degradation of CB matrix promoted by the ability of C-DE to act specifically on 1,4-β-D-glycosidic bonds in cellulose and on 1,2-α-,1,3-α-, and 1,5-α-L- arabinofuranoside and 1,4-β-D-xylosidic bonds in arabinoxylans, arabinans, and other arabinose-containing hemicelluloses. Structural alteration in cells integrity greatly contributed to the release of bound FAs and their better transfer into the extraction solvent. It has been shown that the proposed process of EH can be used for the efficient release of FAs from the CB matrix more sustainably and with a safer profile, thereby representing the further sustainable production of FAs for certain purposes.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0230.v1

Membrane Potential: The Tamagawa Experiment

Bernard Delalande, Hirohisa Tamagawa, Vladimir Matveev

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: membrane pump theory; membrane potential; ion channel; Na/K ATPase; thermodynamics; elecrtromagnetism

Online: 26 April 2022 (06:11:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0224.v1

Optimal COVID-19 Therapeutic Candidate Discovery Using the CANDO Platform

William Mangione, Zackary Falls, Ram Samudrala

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; drug discovery; multitargeting; computational drug repurposing

Online: 26 April 2022 (03:39:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0182.v1

Membrane Potential: The Enigma of Ion Pumps

Bernard Delalande, Hirohisa Tamagawa, Vladimir Matveev

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: membrane pump theory; membrane potential; ion channel; NA/K ATPase; Biophysics; Biology

Online: 20 April 2022 (03:42:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0100.v1

AMPK and TET2 Signaling Pathway and their Natural Activators

Shivprasad Patil, Rohit Sharma, Upendra Sharma, Yogendra Padwad

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Cancer; AMPK; TET2; Natural products

Online: 11 April 2022 (14:00:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0079.v1

Glucose Starvation or Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activation Induce A Broad, ERK5-Mediated, Metabolic Remodeling Leading to Fatty Acid Oxidation

Abrar Ul Haq Khan, Hamideh Salehi, Catherine Alexia, José M. Valdivielso, Milica Bozic Stanojevic, Isabel Cristina López-Mejía, Lluis Fajas, Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin, Martine Daujat-Chavanieu, Delphine Gitenay, Martín Villalba

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: fatty acid oxidation; glycolysis; ERK5; metabolic flexibility; metabolic plasticity

Online: 8 April 2022 (11:04:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0077.v1

Cannabinoids Alleviate the LPS-Induced Cytokine Storm via Attenuating NLRP3 Inflammasome Signalling and TYK2-Mediated STAT3 Signalling Pathways In Vitro

Santosh V Suryavanshi, Mariia Zaiachuk, Nazar Pryimak, Igor Kovalchuk, Olga Kovalchuk

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; cannabidiol; cannabinoids; NLRP3 inflammasome; STAT3; TYK2; cytokine storm; interleukins; TNF-α; macrophages; primary lung bronchial epithelial cells

Online: 8 April 2022 (08:51:26 CEST)

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Cannabinoids, mainly cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are the most studied group of compounds obtained from Cannabis sativa because of their several pharmaceutical properties. Current evidence suggests a crucial role of cannabinoids as potent anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases; however, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. Cytokine storm, a dysregulated severe inflammatory response by our immune system, is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic inflammatory disorders, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which results in the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we hypothesized that CBD and THC reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting key inflammatory signalling pathways. The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signalling has been implicated in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, which results in the release of pyroptotic cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Likewise, the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) causes increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We studied the effects of CBD and THC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human THP-1 macrophages and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Our results revealed that CBD and, for the first time, THC, significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation following LPS + ATP stimulation, leading to a reduction in the levels of IL-1β in THP-1 macrophages and HBECs. CBD attenuated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and both cannabinoids inhibited the generation of oxidative stress post-LPS. Our multiplex ELISA data revealed that CBD and THC significantly diminished the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) after LPS treatment in THP-1 macrophages and HBECs. In addition, the phosphorylation of STAT3 was significantly downregulated by CBD and THC in THP-1 macrophages and HBECs, which was in turn, attributed to the reduced phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase-2 (TYK2) by CBD and THC after LPS stimulation in these cells. Overall, CBD and THC were found to be effective in alleviating the LPS-induced cytokine storm in human macrophages and primary HBECs, at least via modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and STAT3 signalling pathways. The encouraging results from this study warrant further investigation of these cannabinoids in vivo.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202204.0075.v1

Anti-Spike Protein to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels: Is There a Specific Threshold Conferring Protection in Immunocompromised Patients?

Philippe Halfon, Sylvie Jordana, Stéphane Blachier, Philippe Cartlamy, Laurent Kbaier, Guilhem Cavaille, Chloé Stavris, Frédérique Retornaz, Laurent Chiche, Guillaume Penaranda

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Antibody binding assays; binding antibody units; Immunocompromised; Threshold

Online: 8 April 2022 (08:38:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0387.v1

Pathogen Spillover to an Invasive Tick Species: First Detection of Bourbon Virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis in the United States

Alexandra Cumbie, Rebecca Trimble, Gillian Eastwood

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Asian longhorned tick; Haemaphysalis longicornis; Bourbon virus; Emerging arbovirus; Virginia

Online: 30 March 2022 (08:24:04 CEST)

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Haemaphysalis longicornis (Neumann, 1901) (Acari: Ixodidae), the Asian longhorned tick, is an invasive tick species present in the USA since at least 2017 and has been detected in one-third of Virginia counties. While this species is associated with the transmission of multiple pathogens in its native geographical range of eastern Asia, little is known about its ability to acquire and transmit pathogens in the USA, specifically those that are transmissible to humans, although from an animal health perspective it has already been shown to vector Theileria orientalis Ikeda strains. Emerging tick-borne viruses such as Bourbon virus (genus: Thogotovirus) are of concern as these newly discovered pathogenic agents have caused fatal clinical cases, and little is known about their distribution or enzootic maintenance. This study examined H. longicornis collected within Virginia (from ten counties) for Bourbon and Heartland virus using PCR methods. All ticks tested negative for Heartland virus via qRT-PCR. Bourbon virus-positive samples were confirmed on two different gene targets, and with Sanger sequencing of the PB2 (segment 1) gene. Bourbon virus RNA was detected in one nymphal stage H. longicornis from Patrick County, one nymph from Staunton City, one larval pool and one adult female tick from Wythe County, Virginia. An additional 100 Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus 1758; lone star tick) collected at the same Patrick County site revealed one positive nymphal pool, suggesting that Bourbon virus may have spilled over from the native vector, potentially by co-feeding on a shared Bourbon virus-infected vertebrate host. Blood tested from local harvested deer revealed a 12.0% antibody seroprevalence against Bourbon virus, exposure which further corroborates that this tick-borne virus is circulating in the Southwest Virginia region. Through these results it can be concluded that H. longicornis can carry Bourbon virus and that pathogen spillover may occur from native to invasive tick species.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0344.v1

Roles of Carbonic Anhydrases and Carbonic Anhydrases Related Proteins in Zebrafish

Ashok Aspatwar, Leo Syrjänen, Seppo Parkkila

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: carbonic anhydrase; carbonic anhydrase related proteins; acid-base balance; ion transport; pH regulation; motor coordination; zebrafish

Online: 25 March 2022 (09:22:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0332.v1

Methods for the Quantification of Particle-Bound Protein – Application to Reagents for Lateral-Flow Immunoassays (LFIA)

Teodor Tchipilov, Anna Raysyan, Michael G. Weller

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: protein determination; soft protein corona; hard protein corona; covalent immobilization; supernatant method; gold nanoparticles; latex polymer particles; gold sodium chloride method; amino acid analysis; aromatic amino acid analysis; AAAA; acid hydrolysis

Online: 24 March 2022 (14:32:48 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0305.v1

Chitosan Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

Jorge A. Roacho-Pérez, Elsa N. Garza-Treviño, Nidia K. Moncada-Saucedo, Pablo A. Carriquiry-Chequer, Laura E. Valencia-Gómez, E. Renee Matthews, Víctor Gómez-Flores, Mario Simental-Mendía, Paulina Delgado-Gonzalez, Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos, Gerardo R. Padilla-Rivas, Jose Francisco Islas

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: chitosan; cardiac tissue engineering; scaffolds

Online: 23 March 2022 (03:12:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0256.v1

Multi-Omics Integrative Approach of Extracellular Vesicles: A Future Challenging Milestone

Enxhi Shaba, Lorenza Vantaggiato, Laura Governini, Alesandro Haxhiu, Guido Sebastiani, Daniela Fignani, Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco, Laura Bergantini, Luca Bini, Claudia Landi

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Multi-omics; proteomics; transcriptomics; metabolomics; lipidomics; surfaceomics; system biol-ogy; EVs origin

Online: 17 March 2022 (12:31:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0229.v1

MALDI-TOF-MS-Based Identification of Monoclonal Murine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Within One Hour

Georg Tscheuschner, Melanie N. Kaiser, Jan Lisec, Denis Beslic, Thilo Muth, Maren Krüger, Hans-Werner Mages, Brigitte G. Dorner, Julia Knospe, Jörg A. Schenk, Frank Sellrie, Michael G. Weller

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 antibody; reproducibility crisis; peptide mass fingerprinting; monoclonal antibody; trace-ability; identity; antibody identification; antibody light chain; MALDI-TOF-MS

Online: 16 March 2022 (10:01:41 CET)

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During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many virus-binding monoclonal antibodies have been developed for clinical and diagnostic purposes. This underlines the importance of antibodies as universal bioanalytical reagents. However, little attention is given to the reproducibility crisis that scientific studies are still facing to date. In a recent study, not even half of all research antibodies mentioned in publications could be identified at all. This should spark more efforts in the search for practical solutions for the traceability of antibodies. For this purpose, we used thirty-five monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate how sequence-independent antibody identification can be achieved by simple means applied onto the protein. First, we examined the intact and light chain masses of the antibodies relative to the reference material NIST-mAb 8671. Already half of the antibodies could be identified based solely on these two parameters. In addition, we developed two complementary peptide mass fingerprinting methods with MALDI-TOF-MS that can be performed in 45 minutes and had a combined sequence coverage of over 80%. One method is based on the partial acidic hydrolysis of the protein by 5 mM of sulfuric acid at 99 °C. Furthermore, we established a fast way for a tryptic digest without an alkylation step. We were able to show that the distinction of clones is possible simply by a brief visual comparison of the mass spectra. In this work, two clones originating from the same immunization gave the same fingerprints. Later, a hybridoma sequencing confirmed the sequence identity of these sister clones. In order to automate the spectral comparison for larger libraries of antibodies, we developed the online software ABID 2.0 (https://gets.shinyapps.io/ABID/). This open-source software determines the number of matching peptides in the fingerprint spectra. We propose that publications and other documents critically relying on monoclonal antibodies with unknown amino acid sequences should include at least one antibody fingerprint. By fingerprinting an antibody in question, its identity can be confirmed by comparison with a library spectrum at any time and context.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0170.v1

Entropy Perspectives of Molecular and Evolutionary Biology

Bartolomé Sabater

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: cancer; cell compartmentation; evolutionary biology; information; metabolism; thermodynamics

Online: 11 March 2022 (12:14:52 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0118.v1

Bivariate OSMAC Designs Expand the Secondary Metabolite Production Space in Corallococcus Coralloides

Jenny Schwarz, Georg Hubmann, Ayla Schwarz, Katrin Rosenthal, Stephan Lütz

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: myxobacteria; secondary metabolites; multifactorial OSMAC; screening method

Online: 8 March 2022 (08:51:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0093.v1

Evaluation of 6-Hydroxydopamine and Rotenone In Vitro Neurotoxicity on Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells Using Applied Computational Statistics

Rui F. Simões, Paulo J. Oliveira, Teresa Cunha-Oliveira, Francisco B. Pereira

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: 6-hydroxydopamine; rotenone; in vitro neurotoxicity; mitochondrial dysfunction; exploratory data analysis; applied computational statistics; unsupervised and supervised machine learning

Online: 7 March 2022 (09:16:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202203.0034.v1

New Insights on Hemopexin Binding to Hemin and Hemoglobin

Salvatore De Simone, Guilherme Lechuga, Palome Napoleão-Pêgo, Carlos Morel

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Hemopexin; Hemoglobin; protein-protein binding; hemin

Online: 2 March 2022 (06:56:02 CET)

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Preprint DATA DESCRIPTOR | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0305.v1

Theoretical Calculations and Analysis Method of the Physicochemical Properties of Phytochemicals to Predict Gastrointestinal Absorption

Luis A. Vélez, Yamixa Delgado, Yancy Ferrer-Acosta, Ivette J. Suárez-Arroyo, Priscilla Rodríguez, Daraishka Pérez

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Physicochemical properties; Gastrointestinal absorption; Lipinski's rules; Veber's rules; Ghose's rules; Muegge's rules

Online: 24 February 2022 (08:35:30 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0219.v1

From the Structural and (Dys)function of ATP Synthase to Deficiency in Age-Related Diseases

Caterina Garone, Andrea Pietra, Salvatore Nesci

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: mitochondria; ATP synthase; cell death; neurodegenerative diseases.

Online: 18 February 2022 (02:13:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0365.v2

Effects of Data Quality and Quantity on Deep Learning for Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction

Frankie J Fan, Yun Shi

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: binding affinity prediction; machine learning; data quality; data quantity; deep learning

Online: 16 February 2022 (02:57:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0160.v1

Membrane Potential: Any Diffusion?

Bernard Delalande, Hirohisa Tamagawa, Vladimir Matveev

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: membrane pump theory; membrane potential; diffusion; Biophysics; Biology

Online: 11 February 2022 (10:27:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0044.v1

Early Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Cells in Renal Ischemia Followed by Reperfusion: Mechanisms Rely on the Restoration of the Redox Tissular Environment

Jarlene A Lopes, Federica Collino, Clara Rodrigues-Ferreira, Luzia da Silva Sampaio, Glória Costa-Sarmento, Camila H.C. Wendt, Fernando P. Almeida, Kildare R. Miranda, Tais H. Kasai-Brunswick, Rafael S. Lindoso, Adalberto Vieyra

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal cells; proximal tubular cells; renal ischemia/reperfusion; mitochondria; anion superoxide; acellular therapy; regenerative medicine

Online: 3 February 2022 (10:07:54 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0031.v1

Origin and Early Evolution of Photosynthesis: A Brief Historical Account

Tanai Cardona

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: photosynthesis; photosystem; water oxidation; oxygenic; evolution; origin of life

Online: 2 February 2022 (12:17:37 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0365.v1

Effects of Data Quality and Quantity on Deep Learning for Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction

Frankie J Fan, Yun Shi

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: binding affinity prediction; machine learning; data quality; data quantity; deep learning

Online: 25 January 2022 (07:53:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0328.v1

Direct Interaction of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase with Thyroid Hormones: Evidence for Two Binding Sites

Ilya P. Oleynikov, Natalia V. Azarkina, Tatiana V. Vygodina

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: cytochrome oxidase; thyroid hormones; steroid hormones; Bile Acids Binding Site; regulation

Online: 21 January 2022 (13:36:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0289.v1

In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment and Proteomic Analysis of the Effectiveness of Physical Treatments in Reducing Allergenicity of Hazelnut Proteins

Elisabetta De Angelis, Danilo Di Bona, Rosa Pilolli, Roberto Loiodice, Anna Luparelli, Lucia Giliberti, Maria Pia Rossi, Luigi Macchia, Linda Monaci

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: food allergy; allergens; allergenicity reduction; skin prick test; proteomic analysis; physical treatments

Online: 20 January 2022 (08:34:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0194.v1

Helicobacter Pylori Urease: Potential Contributions to Alzheimer’s Disease

Augusto F. Uberti, Natália Callai-Silva, Matheus V. C. Grahl, Angela R. Piovesan, Eduarda G. Nachtigall, Cristiane R. G. Furini, Celia Regina Carlini

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; urease; neuroinflammation; tau hyperphosphorylation; pro-inflammatory cytokines; object recognition test; elevated plus maze; SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells; BV-2 microglia

Online: 13 January 2022 (15:37:01 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0205.v2

Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity Comparison in Various Plant Parts of Justicia adhatoda L.

Kardak Basar, Ishwar Prakash Sharma, Chandra Kanta

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Antioxidants; Medicinal plant; Justicia adhatoda L.

Online: 5 January 2022 (10:37:29 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0492.v1

Secondary Structure and X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis of the Glideosome-Associated Connector (GAC) from Toxoplasma gondii

Amit Kumar, Xu Zhang, Oscar Vadas, Fisentzos Stylianou, Nicolas Dos Santos Pacheco, Sarah Rouse, Marc Morgan, Dominique Soldati-Favre, Stephen Matthews

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: glideosome-associated connector; protein; crystallography; structure

Online: 30 December 2021 (17:13:26 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0475.v1

Analysis of Fluctuation in the Heme-Binding Pocket and Heme Distortion in Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

Hiroko X. Kondo, Yu Takano

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: heme distortion; pocket rigidity; protein environment; hemoglobin; myoglobin; MD simulation; ONIOM

Online: 29 December 2021 (23:52:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0395.v1

Nutraceutical Content and Genetic Diversity Share a Common Pattern in New Pomegranate Genotypes

Carmen Arlotta, Valeria Toscano, Claudia Genovese, Pietro Calderaro, Giuseppe Diego Puglia, Salvatore Antonino Raccuia

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Punica granatum L.; Bio-agronomic traits; Antioxidant activity; Total phenolic content; Carbohydrates; Minerals; genetic diversity

Online: 23 December 2021 (14:12:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0371.v1

Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Enzyme Activity and Susceptibility to Lead Toxicity in Uganda’s Urban Children

Ambrose Mukisa, Denis M Kasozi, Claire Aguttu, Joseph Kyambadde

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Blood Lead levels1; d-aminolevulenic acid dehydratase enzyme activity; d-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene polymorphism.

Online: 22 December 2021 (14:36:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0331.v1

Visualizing the Complexity of Proteins in Living Cells With Genetic Code Expansion

Kanokpol Aphicho, Narongyot Kittipanukul, Chayasith Uttamapinant

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Genetic code expansion; unnatural amino acid; fluorescence imaging

Online: 21 December 2021 (12:42:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0242.v1

Characterization of the pVHL Interactome in Human Testis Using High-Throughput Library Screening

Antonella Falconieri, Giovanni Minervini, Federica Quaglia, Geppo Sartori, Silvio C.E. Tosatto

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: VHL; von Hippel-Lindau syndrome; ubiquitination; hypoxia; testis; yeast two-hybrid (Y2H)

Online: 14 December 2021 (14:59:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0212.v1

Comparison of Different Label-free Techniques for the Semi-absolute Quantification of Protein Abundance

Aarón Millán-Oropeza, Mélisande Blein-Nicolas, Véronique Monnet, Michel Zivy, Céline Henry

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: label free; metabolic models; Saccharomyces; semi-absolute quantification; quantitative proteomics; TPA; UPS2.

Online: 13 December 2021 (16:04:34 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0002.v1

Performance Study of Absorption Tower and Adsorption Reactor to Eliminate Ammonia Gas as Pollutant

Ikha Rasti Julia Sari, Januar Arif Fatkhurrahman, Yose Andriani

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: ammonia; emission control; saturation point; absorption tower; adsorption reactor

Online: 1 December 2021 (10:22:31 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0564.v1

Conformational Models of APP Processing by Gamma Secretase Based on Analysis of Pathogenic Mutations

Meewhi Kim, Ilya Bezprozvanny

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: gamma-secretase; APP; Alzheimer’s disease; modelling; protein disorder

Online: 30 November 2021 (11:52:10 CET)

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Proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a critical role in pathogenesis of Azheimer’s disease (AD). Sequential cleavage of APP by β and γ secretases leads to generation of Aβ40 (non-amyloidogenic) and Aβ42 (amyloidogenic) peptides. Presenilin-1 (PS1) or presenilin-2 (PS2) pay a role of catalytic subunit of γ-secretase. Multiple familial AD (FAD) mutations in APP, PS1, or PS2 result in increased Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio and accumulation of toxic Aβ42 oligomers and plaques in patient brains. In this study we performed molecular modeling of APP complex with γ-secretase and analyzed potential effects of FAD mutations in APP and PS1. We noticed that all FAD mutations in APP transmembrane domain are predicted to cause an increase in the local disorder of its secondary structure. Based on structural analysis of known γ-secretase structures we proposed that APP can form a complex with γ-secretase in 2 potential conformations – M1 and M2. In conformation M1 transmembrane domain of APP forms a contact with perimembrane domain that follows the transmembrane domain 6 (TM6) in PS1 structure. In conformation M2 transmembrane domain of APP forms a contact with transmembrane domain 7 (TM7) in PS1 structure. By analyzing effects of PS1-FAD mutations on local protein disorder index, we discovered that these mutations increase conformational flexibility of M2 and reduce conformational flexibility of M1. Based on these results we proposed that M2 conformation, but not M1 conformation, of γ secretase complex with APP leads to amyloidogenic (Aβ42-generating) processing of APP. Our model predicts that APP processing in M1 conformation is favored by a curved membranes, such as membranes of early endosomes. In contrast, APP processing in M2 conformation is likely to be favored by a relatively flat memranes such as membranes of late endosomes and plasma membrane. These predictions are consistent with published biochemical analysis of APP processing at different subcellular locations. Our results suggest that specific inhibitors of Aβ42 production could be potentially developed by selectively targeting M2 conformation of γ secretase complex with APP.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0527.v1

Blue-LED Calibration on DOAS System to Measure Nitrogen Dioxide Emission Compared with USEPA Method 7B Standard

Januar Arif Fatkhurrahman, Ikha Rasti Julia Sari

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: DOAS; Blue-LED; USEPA Method 7B; CCD Spectrometer

Online: 29 November 2021 (11:59:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0524.v1

Why Can the Brain (And Not a Computer) Make Sense of the Liar Paradox?

Patrick Fraser, Ricard Sole, Gemma de las Cuevas

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Self-reference; cognition; consciousness; computation; causal structure; integrated information theory

Online: 29 November 2021 (11:51:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0393.v1

RTP801/REDD1 is Involved in Neuroinflammation and Modulates Cognitive Dysfunction in Huntington’s Disease

Leticia Pérez-Sisqués, Júlia Solana-Balaguer, Genís Campoy-Campos, Núria Martín-Flores, Anna Sancho-Balsells, Marcel Vives-Isern, Ferran Soler-Palazón, Marta Garcia-Forn, Mercè Masana, Jordi Alberch, Esther Pérez Navarro, Albert Giralt, Cristina Malagelada

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: RTP801/REDD1; Huntington’s disease; neuroinflammation; hippocampus; cognitive dysfunction.

Online: 22 November 2021 (13:11:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0363.v1

Variation in Nutritional Components in Roots From Ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi) Accessions and an Interspecific Hybrid (P. Ahipa × P. Tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.)

Eduardo O. Leidi-Montes, Youssef Ech-Chliah, Sabina Rossini-Oliva, Marten Sørensen

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: leguminous root crop; high quality protein; dry matter yield

Online: 19 November 2021 (14:45:52 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0332.v1

A Prebiotic Ribosylation of Pyrimidine Nucleobases Promoted by Metal Cations and Clay Minerals

Qian-Qian Chen, Ze-Run Zhao, Xiao Wang

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Origins of Life; RNA World; Uracil; Ribosylation; Metal Cation; Clay Mineral

Online: 18 November 2021 (14:35:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0272.v1

The Strand Specific Regulation of miR-155-3p in Response to Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-10 Stimulation Requires FUBP1 Protein

Jeff S. J. Yoon, Abdulwadood Baksh, Thomas C. Chamberlain, Alice L-F. Mui

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: miR-155; FUBP1; strand selection; interleukin-10

Online: 15 November 2021 (19:24:40 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0235.v1

Gene Therapy Approach for Treating DeltaF508, G542X and R553X Cystic Fibrosis Mutations Through the Usage Of CRISPR Prime Editing

Mira Tafa, Sevim Naz Karışık, Ece Begüm Aksoy, Rüya Aslan

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Cystic Fibrosis; CFTR gene; CRISPR/Cas; pegRNA; Cationic Liposome

Online: 12 November 2021 (15:34:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202111.0100.v1

Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

Meric Ozturk, Marit Nilsen-Hamilton, Muslum Ilgu

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: aptamer; neuroscience; neurological diseases; neurological disorders; neurotoxins; cancer

Online: 4 November 2021 (09:49:50 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0342.v2

What We Know About Kininogen Structure – Importance for Function and Perspectives from Cryo-EM

Michal Błażej Ponczek

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: kininogen; structure; AlphaFold; cryo-EM; proteins; kinin; bradykinin

Online: 1 November 2021 (13:50:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0447.v1

The Unfolded Protein Response as Guardian of the Secretory Pathway

Toni Radanović, Robert Ernst

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: UPR; IRE1; PERK; ATF6; lipid bilayer stress; ER stress; secretory pathway; hydrophobic mismatch; membrane thickness; membrane stiffness

Online: 29 October 2021 (07:57:29 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0349.v1

Role of MiRNAs and It’s Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Breast Cancer

Debarshi Roy, Ramesh Bandla, Praveen Boddana, Rajesh Medisetty, Raghu Gogada

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: microRNA; SNP’s; breast cancer; RNA induced silencing complex

Online: 25 October 2021 (12:50:03 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0342.v1

What We Know About Kininogen Structure – Importance for Function and Perspectives from Cryo-EM

Michal Błażej Ponczek

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: kininogen; structure; AlphaFold; cryo-EM; proteins; kinin; bradykinin

Online: 25 October 2021 (10:49:23 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0322.v1

How Relevant Is the Place Where First-Year College Students Live In Relation to the Increase in Body Mass Index?

Antonio Viñuela, Juan José Criado-Álvarez, Javier Aceituno-Gomez, Carlos Durantez-Fernández, Jose Luis Martin-Conty, Francisco Martin Rodriguez, Luis Miguel Cano Martin, Clara Maestre Miquel, Begoña Polonio Lopez, Alicia Mohedano-Moriano

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: adolescents; lifestyles; nutrition; overweight and obesity; food intake

Online: 22 October 2021 (09:20:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202110.0178.v1

Assessment of the Contribution of a Thermodynamic and Mechanical Destabilization of Myosin–Binding Protein C Domain C2 to the Pathomechanism of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy–causing Double Mutation MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V

Frederic V. Schwäbe, Emanuel K. Peter, Manuel H. Taft, Dietmar J. Manstein

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: cardiac muscle; cardiac contractility; force generation; enhanced molecular dynamics simulations; allostery; protein folding; disease; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Online: 12 October 2021 (12:20:26 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0466.v1

Exercising D. melanogaster Modulates the Mitochondrial Proteome and Physiology - The Effect on Lifespan Depends Upon Age and Sex

Brad Ebanks, Ying Wang, Gunjan Katyal, Chloe Sargent, Thomas L Ingram, Antonia Bowman, Nicoleta Moisoi, Lisa Chakrabarti

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: ageing; exercise; drosophila; proteome; mitochondria

Online: 28 September 2021 (11:23:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0220.v2

Epithelial Ablation of Miro1/Rhot1 GTPase Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Lung Inflammation by Cigarette Smoke

Shikha Sharma, Qixin Wang, Thivanka Muthumalage, Irfan Rahman

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: MIRO1; mitochondrial dysfunction; cigarette smoke; mitophagy; COPD.

Online: 21 September 2021 (10:56:18 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption - Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through Processing

Sylvia Fasse, Jarmo Alarinta, Björn Frahm, Gun Wirtanen

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: bovine colostrum; bacteria; pathogens; probiotic bacteria; cost-effective processing; heat treatment; pasteurization; contamination control; immunoglobulins; enzymes

Online: 17 September 2021 (11:51:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0257.v1

Domain Analysis and Motif Matcher (DAMM): A Program to Predict Selectivity Determinants in Monosiga brevicollis PDZ Domains Using Human PDZ Data

Haley A. Wofford, Josh Myers-Dean, Brandon A. Vogel, Kevin Alexander Estrada Alamo, Frederick A. Longshore-Neate, Filip Jagodzinski, Jeanine F. Amacher

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: protein-protein interactions; PDZ domains; choanoflagellates; evolution; target selectivity; protein-peptide interactions; signaling

Online: 15 September 2021 (12:25:01 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0206.v1

Adp-Ribosylation as Post-Translational Modification of Proteins: Use of Inhibitors in Cancer Control

Palmiro Poltronieri, Masanao Miwa, Mitsuko Masutani

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: ADP-ribosyl transferase (ART); Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP); ADP-ribose (ADPR); Sirtuin (SIRT); poly ADP-ribose glycohydrolase (PARG); ADP-ribose hydrolase (ARH); Macro-domain (MACRO).

Online: 13 September 2021 (11:43:19 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0205.v1

Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity Comparison in Various Plant Parts of Justicia adhatoda L.

Chandra Kanta, Kardak Basar, Ishwar Prakash Sharma

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Antioxidants; Medicinal plant; Justicia adhatoda L.

Online: 13 September 2021 (11:40:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0002.v1

Biochemical and Molecular Assessment of Cooking Quality and Nutritional Value of Pigmented and Non-pigmented Whole Grain Rice

Siriluck Wattanavanitchakorn, Rungtiva Wansuksri, Ekawat Chaichompoo, Wintai Kamolsukyeunyong, Apichart Vanavichit

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: soft texture rice; dietary fibre prediction; soluble dietary fibre; -glucan; pectin; arabinoxylan

Online: 1 September 2021 (09:20:53 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0559.v1

PACAP and VIP Modulate LPS-induced Microglial Activation and Trigger Distinct Phenotypic Changes in Murine BV2 Microglial Cells

Jocelyn Karunia, Aram Niaz, Mawj Mandwie, Sarah Thomas Broome, Kevin A Keay, James A Waschek, Ghaith Al-Badri, Alessandro Castorina

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: microglial activation; PACAP; VIP; morphological analyses; BV2; inflammatory markers; GFAP; Iba1

Online: 31 August 2021 (11:11:34 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0537.v1

Use of Cerium Nitrate Nanoparticles in Biological Environment Along with the Factors Effecting It: An Empirical Overview

Zarish Fatima, Sameer Quazi, Shreelaxmi Gavas, Tomasz Karpiński

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Cerium oxide nanoparticles; radicals; oxidative stress; physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics

Online: 30 August 2021 (10:22:46 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Flavivirus Persistence in Wildlife Populations

Maria Raisa Blahove, James Richard Carter

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: viral persistence; flaviviruses; mosquito; tick; autophagy; interferon; wildlife; infection; arbovirus

Online: 12 August 2021 (18:28:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0260.v1

Covalent 18F-Radiotracers for SNAPTag: a New Toolbox for Reporter Gene Imaging

Sophie Stotz, Gregory D. Bowden, Jonathan M. Cotton, Bernd J. Pichler, Andreas Maurer

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Reporter Genes; PET Imaging; Radiotracers; SNAPTag; Xenograft

Online: 11 August 2021 (12:28:16 CEST)

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There is a need for versatile in vivo nuclear imaging reporter systems to foster preclinical and clinical research. We explore the applicability of the SNAPTag and novel radiolabeled small-molecule ligands as a versatile reporter gene system for in vivo nuclear imaging. SNAPTag is a high-affinity protein tag used in a variety of biochemical research areas and based on the suicide DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine methyl transferase (MGMT). Its ligands are well suited for reporter gene imaging as the benzyl guanine core scaffold can be derivatized with fluorescent or radiolabeled moieties for various applications. Three guanine-based SNAPTag ligands ([18F]FBBG, [18F]pFBG and [18F]mFBG) were synthesized in high yields and were (radio)chemically characterized. HEK293 cells were engineered to express the SNAPTag on the cell surface and served as cell model to assess target affinity by radiotracer uptake assays, Western blotting and SDS-PAGE autoradiography. A subcutaneous HEK293-SNAPTag xenograft model in immunodeficient mice was used for in vivo evaluation of [18F]FBBG amd [18F]pFBG while the biodistribution of [18F]mFBG was characterized in naïve animals. The results were validated by ex vivo biodistribution studies and immunofluorescence staining of the xenografts. All three radiotracers were produced in high radiochemical purity, molar activity and good yields. Western blot analysis revealed successful SNAPTag expression by the transfected HEK293 cells. In vitro testing revealed high target affinity of all three tracers with an up to 191-fold higher signal in the HEK293-SNAPTag cells compared to untransfected cells. This was further supported by a prominent radioactive protein band at the expected size in the SDS-PAGE autoradiograph of cells incubated with [18F]FBBG or [18F]pFBG. The in vivo studies demonstrated high uptake in HEK293-SNAP xenografts compared to HEK293 xenografts with excellent tumor-to-muscle ratios (7.5 ± 4.2 for [18F]FBBG and 10.6 ± 6.2 for [18F]pFBG). In contrast to [18F]pFBG and its chemical analogue [18F]mFBG, [18F]FBBG showed no signs of unspecific bone uptake and defluorination in vivo. Radiolabeled SNAPTag ligands bear great potential for clinical applications such as in vivo tracking of cell populations, antibody fragments and targeted radiotherapy. With excellent target affinity, good stability, and low non-specific binding, [18F]FBBG is a highly promising candidate for further preclinical evaluation.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0237.v1

The Potential Role of Cytokines and Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Gilbert Ogunmokun, Saikat Dewanjee, Pratik Chakraborty, Chandrasekhar Valupadas, Anupama Chaudhary, Viswakalyan Kolli, Uttpal Anand, Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu, Parul Goel, Hari Prasad Reddy Paluru, Kiran Dip Gill, P. Hemachandra Reddy, Vincenzo De Feo, Ramesh Kandimalla

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; cytokines; chemokines; neuroinflammation; neurotrophic factors; pathophysiology; Blood brain barrier; mild cognitive impairment; brain health; therapeutics

Online: 10 August 2021 (15:49:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0149.v1

HPV DeepSeq: Ultra-Fast Method of NGS Data Analysis and Visualization Using Automated Workflows and a Customized Papillomavirus Database in CLC Genomics Workbench

Jane Shen-Gunther, Qingqing Xia, Hong Cai, Yufeng Wang

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Bioinformatics; Cervical cancer; Deep Sequencing; Human papillomavirus; HPV genotyping; Metagenome; Next generation sequencing; Taxonomic classification; Virome

Online: 6 August 2021 (08:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0137.v1

A Candidate RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse RNA-Binding Protein Phenotypes in Drosophila Flight Muscle

Shao-Yen Kao, Elena Nikonova, Sabrina Chaabane, Albiona Sabani, Alexandra Martitz, Anja Wittner, Jakob Heemken, Tobias Straub, Maria Lynn Spletter

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: RNA binding proteins; SF1; Hrb87F; Bru1; Drosophila; flight muscle; RNAi; splicing

Online: 5 August 2021 (10:42:09 CEST)

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The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability between muscle fiber-types. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. Alternative splicing is disrupted in muscle diseases such as myotonic dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy, and is altered after intense exercise as well as with aging. It is therefore important to understand splicing and RBP function, but currently only a small fraction of the hundreds of annotated RBPs expressed in muscle have been characterized. Here we demonstrate the utility of Drosophila as a genetic model system to investigate basic developmental mechanisms of RBP function in myogenesis. We find that RBPs exhibit dynamic temporal and fiber-type specific expression patterns in mRNA-Seq data and display muscle-specific phenotypes. We performed knockdown with 105 RNAi hairpins targeting 35 RBPs and report associated lethality, flight, myofiber and sarcomere defects, including flight muscle phenotypes for Doa, Rm62, mub, mbl, sbr, and clu. Interestingly, knockdown phenotypes of spliceosome components, as highlighted by phenotypes for A-complex components SF1 and Hrb87F (hnRNPA1), revealed level- and temporal-dependent myofibril defects. We further show that splicing mediated by SF1 and Hrb87F is necessary for Z-disc stability and proper myofibril development, and strong knockdown of either gene results in impaired localization of Kettin to the Z-disc. Our results expand the number of RBPs with a described phenotype in muscle and underscore the diversity in myofibril and transcriptomic phenotypes associated with splicing defects. Drosophila is thus a useful model to gain disease-relevant insight into cellular and molecular phenotypes observed when expression levels of splicing factors, spliceosome components and splicing dynamics are altered.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0130.v1

Zika Virus Non-Structural Protein 1 Antigen-Capture Immunoassay

Brandon J. Beddingfield, Jessica N. Hartnett, Russell B. Wilson, Peter C. Kulakosky, Kristian G. Andersen, Argelia Aybar, Refugio Robles-Sikisaka, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Maria-Zunilla Nunez, Cesar D. Fermin, Robert F. Garry

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Zika virus; non-structural protein 1; site-directed mutagenesis; polyclonal antibodies; antigen-capture ELISA

Online: 5 August 2021 (09:11:41 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0110.v1

Improving the Efficiency of Production of Lambari and Diet Assimilation Using Integrated Aquaculture With Benthic Species

Aline M. Marques, Andre Z. Boaratti, Dalton Belmudes, Julia R.C. Ferreira, Paulo V. L. Mantoan, Patricia Moraes Valenti, Wagner C. Valenti

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Astyanax; Macrobrachium; Prochilodus; IMTA; resources optimization; integrated aquaculture

Online: 4 August 2021 (12:40:52 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Diversity and Evolution of pogo and Tc1/mariner Transposons in the Apoidea Genome

Yibing Liu, Wencheng Zong, Mohamed Diaby, Zheguang Lin, Saisai Wang, Bo Gao, Ting Ji, Chengyi Song

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Apoidea; pogo; Tc1/mariner; transposons; evolution

Online: 3 August 2021 (15:53:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0604.v2

RT-qPCR Diagnostics: The “Drosten” Sars-Cov-2 Assay Paradigm

Stephen Bustin, Sara Kirvell, Jim F Huggett, Tania Nolan

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: COVID-19; reverse transcription; qPCR; SARS-CoV-2; molecular diagnosis

Online: 3 August 2021 (15:34:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0090.v1

Effect of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask on Physiological Performance in Elite Kayaking Girls

Amine Ghram, Farahnaz Amirshaghaghi, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Hesam Addin Akbari, Hamdi Chtourou, Carl J Lavie, David Jiménez-Pavón

Subject: Life Sciences, Biochemistry Keywords: Airflow restriction, Physical exercise, Respiratory Muscle Training, Endurance performance, VEGF, EPO

Online: 3 August 2021 (15:04:27 CEST)

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LIFE SCIENCES